Quality Management

Project quality management: Plan quality (planning)

Perform quality assurance (execution)

Perform quality control (monitor & control)

Quality Vs Grade: Quality: Degree to which a set of inherent

characteristics fulfill requirements.

Grade: Category or rank given to entities having the same functional use but different technical characteristics.

Quality approaches: Conformance to requirements

Gold plating

Organization of standardization ISO

Total quality management TQM

Six sigma (VOC CTQ)

Continuous improvement (Kiazen)

Modern quality: Customer satisfaction: understanding, evaluating defining and managing expectations so customer requirements are met.

Prevention over inspection

Cost of quality: Cost of conformance

Prevention costs: training, six sigma projects, quality plan.

Appraisal costs: inspection, testing & quality audits.

Cost of quality: Cost of nonconformance

Internal costs: detected prior to delivery of the products or service like rework, scrap, re-testing of failures.

External cost: detected after delivery of the product or services like warranty, recalls, returns.

1- Plan qualityProcess of identifying quality

requirements and / or standards for the project/ product, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance.

Inputs

• Scope baseline

• Stakeholder register

• Cost performance baseline

• Schedule baseline

• Risk register

• OPA• EEF

Tools & techniques

• Cost benefit analysis

• Cost of quality

• Control charts

• Benchmarking

• Statistical sampling

• Flowcharting

Outputs

• Quality management plan

• Quality metrics

• Quality checklists

• Process improvement plan

• Project documents updates.

Plan quality tools & techniques: Cost benefit analysis: tradeoffs between

cost of the quality & the benefits should be considered in quality planning.

Cost of quality: cost of conformance & cost of nonconformance

Control chart: determine if the process is in control or not.

Benchmarking: comparing with other comparable projects to identify best practice or generate improvement ideas.

Statistical sampling: choosing part of the

population for inspection

Flowcharting : graphical representation of a

process showing the relationships among

steps.

Plan quality outputs:

Quality management plan: describes how the project team will implement quality policy and addresses quality control, quality assurance and improvement plan.

Quality metrics: describes project attribute & how the quality control process will measure it.

Quality checklists: a set of required steps or standardized steps

Process improvement plan: details the steps for analyzing processes to identify activities which enhance their value.

2- Perform quality assuranceProcess of auditing the quality requirements

and results of quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards are use.

Inputs

• Project management plan

• Quality metrics

• Work performance information

• Quality control measurements

Tools & techniques

• Plan quality & quality control tools and techniques.

• Quality audits

• Process analysis

Outputs

• Organizational process assets updtes

• Change requests

• project management plan updates

• Project documents updates.

Perform quality assurance tools & techniques

Quality audits: independent review to determine whether project activities comply with organizational and project policies, procedures.

Process analysis: used to examine problems experienced & non value added activities like root cause analysis.

3- Perform quality controlMonitoring & recording results of executing

quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes, identifies ways to eliminate causes of un satisfactory results and performance.

Inputs • Project

management plan

• Quality metrics

• Quality checklists

• Work performance measurements

• Approved change requests

• Deliverables • OPA

Tools & techniques

• Cause & effect diagram

• Control charts • Flowchart • Histogram • Run charts • Scatter

diagram • Statistical

sampling • Inspection • Approved

change request review

Outputs • Quality control

measurement • Validated

changes • Validated

delivebles • Organizational

process assets updates

• Change requests

• Project management plan updates

• Project documents updates

Perform quality outputsQuality control measurements: documented

quality control activities results.

Validated changes: reinserting changes and repaired items.

Validated deliverables: determine the correctness of deliverables

Change requests.

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