quality management, assurance, and control

8/9/2019 Quality Management, Assurance, And Control

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Prepared and Presented byMuhammad Anum HasanSalman HumayounSomia Khan


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Operations and Technology Management is a

business management focus, traditionally in

manufacturing industries, on operationsresearch, total quality, facilities planning,and e-business strategies.


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Quality management (QM), or total quality

management (TQM), evolved from many

different management practices andimprovement processes and is not specific to

managing people, but rather is related to

improving the quality of goods and servicesthat are produced in order to satisfycustomer demands.


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What isQuality Assurance?

A management method to

guarantee that high-quality

product and service standardsare established and achieved.

It has to be a comprehensive

management system that

achieves TotalQualityManagement


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Quality Control is a process to ensure a certainlevel of quality in a product, and that it meetsspecific requirements. It involves the

examination of products, problem identificationand resolution. It is concerned withthe PRODUCT

Quality Assurance is a process-driven approach

with specific steps to help achieve goals, itdetermines if products meet or exceedcustomers expectations. It is concerned withthe PROCESS


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OTM

OperationsResearch

E-businessStrategies

Quality

Management

Quality

Assurance

Quality

Controls

FacilitiesPlanning


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Over the years, total quality practitionersrealized that a large number of quality relatedproblems can be solved with seven basic

quantitative tools: Ishikawa diagram

Pareto chart Check sheet

Control chart Flowchart Histogram Scatter diagram


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Ishikawa diagrams, also called fishbone

diagrams or cause-and-effect diagrams, show

the causes of a certain event. Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are

product design and quality defect prevention.

Causes are usually grouped into the following

categories; People, Process, Equipment,Materials, Management, and Environment


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Pareto Charts

Named after Vilfredo Pareto, itcontains both bars and a line graphthat displays the values in descending

order as bars and the cumulativetotals of each category, left to right, asa line graph.

The left vertical axis is the frequencyof occurrence/cost/other measure. Theright vertical axis is the cumulativepercentage of the total number ofoccurrences/cost/measure.


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This is a simple document used for collecting

data in real-time and at the location where

the data is generated. It is typically a blankform designed for quick, easy, and efficient

recording of the desired information, whichcan be either quantitative or qualitative.


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Control Chart

Also known as Shewhart charts or process-behaviour charts, these are tools used todetermine whether a manufacturing orbusiness process is in a state of statisticalcontrol or not.

If the chart indicates that the process iscurrently under control then it can be usedwith confidence to predict the futureperformance of the process

If the chart indicates that the processbeing monitored is not in control, thepattern it reveals can help determine thesource of variation to be eliminated tobring the process back into control.


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A flowchart is a diagram that representsa process, showing the steps as boxes of variouskinds, and their order by connecting these with

arrows. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing,

documenting or managing a process. It is oftenused in business process mapping in definingexactly what a business entity does, who isresponsible, to what standard a process shouldbe completed and how the success of a businessprocess can be determined


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A graphical display of tabulated frequencies,

shown as bars. It shows what proportion of

cases fall into each of several categories. Thecategories are usually specified as non-

overlapping intervals of some variable.


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A type of mathematical diagram using Cartesiancoordinates to display values fortwo variables for a set of data.

The data is displayed as a collection of points,each having the value of one variabledetermining the position on the horizontal axisand the value of the other variable determiningthe position on the vertical axis.

This kind of plot is also called a scatterchart, scatter diagram and scatter graph.


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A defined process for product development

systems which attempts to provide a

standard path and synchronize the productdevelopment activities, ensuring

communication within a company and withits suppliers. It is used extensively by Ford,

GM, Chrysler, and their suppliers.


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A business management strategy which

seeks to improve the quality of process

outputs by identifying and removing thecauses of defects and minimizing variability

in manufacturing and business processes.

Each Six Sigma project carried out within an

organization follows a defined sequence ofsteps and has quantified targets.


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Failure modes are any errors or defects in aprocess, design, or item, especially those thataffect the customer, and can be potential or

actual. Effects analysis refers to studying the

consequences of those failures. A procedure in operations management for

analysis of potential failure modes within asystem for classification by severity ordetermination of the effect of failures on thesystem.


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Originally developed by Dr. Yoji Akao in Japanin 1966

Q

FD is designed to help planners focus oncharacteristics of a new or existing product orservice from the viewpoints of marketsegments, company, or technology-

development needs It helps transform customer needs into

engineering characteristics for a product orservice.


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