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Quality Assurance Project Plan
Pigeon Guillemot Breeding Survey in the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve and South Puget Sound
Washington State Department of Natural Resources Grant #: PC-00J907010
Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Agreement #15-05467
November 2016
Prepared for:
Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Citizen Stewardship Committee and Washington State Department of Natural Resources
Prepared by:
Terence Lee, Nisqually Reach Nature Center
Publication Information
This project has been funded wholly or in part with National Estuary Program (NEP) funds from
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), being administered by means of
agreements with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW #15-05467)
and the Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR #PC-00J290701) to protect and
restore Marine and Nearshore Habitats.
The EPA and Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) require a Quality Assurance
Project Plan (QAPP) for studies, such as this one, that generate environmental data. This QAPP
describes monitoring of pigeon guillemot in 2016 within the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve
and South Puget Sound. However, the contents of the QAPP do not necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Copies of this QAPP and final project publications will be available from the following sources:
Washington State Department of Natural Resources
http://www.dnr.wa.gov/managed-lands/aquatic-reserves
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
http://www.nisquallyestuary.org/research.html
Aquatic Reserves
http://www.aquaticreserves.org/resources/
Author and Contact Information
Terence Lee, Project Lead
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
4949 D'Milluhr Dr. NE
Olympia, WA 98516
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1.0 Title Page, Table of Contents, and Distribution List
Pigeon Guillemot Breeding Survey in the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve and South Puget Sound
Quality Assurance Project Plan
November 2016
Page iv
Distribution List
Birdie Davenport, Manager
Aquatic Reserves Program
Washington Department of Natural Resources
1111 Washington Ave SE
Olympia, WA 98504
Tom Gries, NEP Quality Coordinator
Department of Ecology
300 Desmond Drive SE
Lacey, WA 98503
Terence Lee, Aquatic Science Technician
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
4949 D’Milluhr Dr. NE
Olympia, WA 98516
Daniel Hull, Executive Director
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
4949 D’Milluhr Dr. NE
Olympia, WA 98516
Anne Mills, Assistant Coordinator
Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Citizen
Stewardship Committee
804 Narnia Lane NW,
Olympia, WA 98502
Frances Wood, Project Coordinator
Whidbey Island Pigeon Guillemot Research
Group
c/o Whidbey Audubon Society
P.O. Box 1254
Langley, WA 98260
Phyllis Kind, Project Coordinator
Whidbey Island Pigeon Guillemot Research
Group (WIPGRG)
Island County Marine Science Committee
c/o WSU Extension
PO Box 5000
Coupeville, WA 98239
Nathalie Hamel, Monitoring Program
Performance Analyst
Puget Sound Partnership
Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program
(PSEMP)
326 East D Street, Tacoma, WA 98421
Tacoma, WA
Scott Pearson, Senior Research Scientist
Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife
1111 Washington Ave SE
Olympia, WA 98501
Peter Hodum, Associate Professor
University of Puget Sound
1500 N. Warner St.
Tacoma, WA 98416
Trina Bayard, Director of Bird Conservation
Audubon Washington
5902 Lake Washington Blvd S
Seattle, WA 98118
Jerry Joyce
Moon Joyce Consulting
11740 Exeter Ave NE
Seattle, WA 98125
Page ii
Jeannie Abbott, NEP Grant Coordinator
Washington Department of Natural Resources
1111 Washington Ave SE
Olympia, WA 98504
360-902-2622
Page iii
Table of Contents Page
1.0 Title Page, Table of Contents, and Distribution List ................................................... iii
2.0 Abstract ..........................................................................................................................1
3.0 Background ....................................................................................................................1
4.0 Project Description.........................................................................................................5
5.0 Organization and Schedule ............................................................................................8
6.0 Quality Objectives .......................................................................................................10
7.0 Sampling Design ..........................................................................................................11
8.0 Sampling Procedures ...................................................................................................11
9.0 Measurement Methods .................................................................................................12
10.0 Quality Control Procedures.........................................................................................12
11.0 Data Management Procedures ....................................................................................12
12.0 Audits and Reports ......................................................................................................13
13.0 Data Verification .........................................................................................................13
14.0 Data Quality (Usability) Assessment ..........................................................................14
15.0 References ...................................................................................................................14
Appendix A: Data Sheet and Reference Materials ..................................................................15
Appendix B: Whidbey Island Guillemot Research Group—Procedures for 2016 Season ......19
Appendix C: Nisqually Reach Nature Center—Procedures for 2016 Season .........................21
Appendix D: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations ...........................................................24
Page iv
List of Figures
Figure 1: Location of the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve (circled). .................................2
Figure 2: 2016 South Sound Pigeon Guillemot Survey Colonies..........................................4
Figure 3: Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve. .........................................................................7
List of Tables
Table 1: Key individuals and their responsibilities................................................................8
Table 2: Project schedule .......................................................................................................9
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2.0 Abstract
A monitoring study of breeding Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) will be conducted on
more than 30 beaches in South Puget Sound. The objective of this study is to continue collecting
baseline data on breeding sites for Pigeon Guillemots in South Puget Sound and determine the
number of breeding pairs using those sites, as well as the total colony population. Colony
behavior, active burrows, prey selection to chicks, external disturbance, and fledging success will
be documented using established protocols. The breeding success of the Pigeon Guillemot has
been correlated with the overall health of the Salish Sea (Pearson and Hamel, 2012), hence its
selection as a vital sign indicator by the Puget Sound Partnership (PSP).
Volunteer citizen scientists will be recruited and trained for data collection. Citizen scientists
will observe breeding sites weekly during the summer breeding season. Results will be
distributed to interested agencies and community organizations.
The 2016 survey is a continuation of baseline work that started in 2013, which is the first in
South Puget Sound and will be important for observing future changes and establishing trends.
3.0 Background
The Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) is steward of more than 2.6
million acres of aquatic lands. As steward, WDNR established aquatic reserves throughout Puget
Sound to protect important native ecosystems. The Aquatic Reserves Program focuses on
conserving unique or high-quality native ecosystems. It is a state-wide effort to promote the
preservation, restoration, and enhancement of state-owned aquatic lands that are of special
educational, scientific, or environmental interest.
One benefit of the Aquatic Reserves Program is the partnerships WDNR establishes to aid in
development and implementation of site-specific aquatic reserve management plans. WDNR
works with federal, state, local, tribal and non-governmental organizations and private citizens in
an effort to identify and manage important resources for conservation at each reserve. An
additional benefit of Aquatic Reserve designations is that management plans can be designed to
compliment other protective measures within or adjacent to the reserve.
The types of Aquatic Reserves include:
Environmental— promote conservation and restoration.
Scientific—provide unique aquatic habitats for research.
Educational—promote opportunities for field-based environmental education.
Some of the anticipated benefits of these aquatic reserves include:
Ensuring environmental protection through site-based preservation, restoration, and
enhancement.
Enhance the health of native marine and freshwater aquatic habitats, and the fish and
wildlife that depend on them.
Encouraging public use and access.
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Providing for greater public input into conservation management.
Working with stakeholders, including citizens and state, local and federal governments,
to develop and implement site-specific management plans.
3.1 Study Area and Surroundings
This study will be conducted in the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve (NRAR) and nearby area.
Figure 1 shows the location of this reserve.
Figure 1: Location of the Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve (circled).
Base map source: WDNR (2011)
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The management plan (WDNR, 2011) for the NRAR, which is an environmental, scientific, and
educational reserve, identifies five management goals:
1. Preserve, restore and enhance aquatic nearshore areas including intertidal and subtidal
ecosystems with a special emphasis on native habitats for forage fish, salmonids, and
marine birds.
2. Protect and restore the functions and natural processes of nearshore ecosystems in
support of the natural resources of the reserve.
3. Promote stewardship of riparian and aquatic habitats and species by supporting and
providing opportunities for outdoor education, scientific research including citizen
science and interpretive studies.
4. Promote sustainable management of traditional recreational (e.g., boating, water skiing,
fishing), commercial (e.g., marinas), and cultural uses in the aquatic reserve in a manner
consistent with the other goals and objectives for the reserve.
5. Support the recovery and protection efforts for federal and state threatened, endangered
and sensitive species, species of special concern and their habitats.
3.1.1 Logistical problems
See Section 4.7
3.1.2 History of study area
Pigeon Guillemots are the only member of the Alcid family breeding in South Puget Sound.
They can serve as an indicator species of nearshore health as these birds feed heavily on benthic
and forage fish it catches by diving up to 90 feet beneath the surface. They also use burrows in
high banks to nest in. Another reason why it was chosen as an indicator species by PSP is due to
its year-round presence in Puget Sound and relative abundance. Feeder bluffs (actively eroding
bluffs that provide sediment to nearby beaches) adjacent to the aquatic reserve and in
surrounding areas provide prime nesting habitat for Pigeon Guillemots (WDNR, 2011).
PSP Marine bird indicator:
Spring/summer at-sea density trends of pigeon guillemot, rhinoceros auklet, and marbled
murrelet. These species are highly dependent on the marine environment of, and breed in,
Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca.
Breeding bird surveys have shown that Pigeon Guillemots nest throughout North and Central
Puget Sound (Opperman, et al., 2006). However, no other formal study of baseline breeding
population or documentation of breeding sites exists for South Puget Sound. Results of the
initial 2013 study indicate that there are numerous small breeding colonies in the area (Figure 2;
Mills & Joyce, 2014). Past studies have also identified the presence of Pigeon Guillemots
throughout the Sound in the fall, winter and spring seasons (PSSS, 2012; Nysewander, et al,
2005). Since the Pigeon Guillemot is generally present year-round in Puget Sound and breeds
here, its vitality is a good indication of the overall health of the NRAR. It is also a somewhat
adaptable species, so changes in usage of breeding sites and prey selection over time could
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indicate changing conditions in the birds’ environment. Monitoring efforts on Whidbey Island
have shown a relatively stable trend in population. There are no geographic differences in prey
selection, with gunnels and sculpins accounting for the majority of fish fed to chicks. Educating
the public about the importance of these birds is another reason why monitoring efforts like this
exist.
Figure 2: 2016 South Sound Pigeon Guillemot Survey Colonies.
Source: Lee and Cain (2016)
3.1.3 Contaminants of concern
Not applicable (NA)
3.1.4 Results of previous studies
See Section 3.1.2, Figure 2, and Mills and Joyce (2014).
3.1.5 Regulatory criteria
NA
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4.0 Project Description
Monitoring of active breeding sites will attempt to provide information not only about this
adaptable bird, but also the food web supporting these birds. Observations may also shed light
on behavioral responses of Pigeon Guillemots to disturbances of various types, including human,
domestic animals and predators, such as raptors. The 2013 field season was the pilot study for
this area. The study and protocol were successful. Surveys completed in 2014 and 2015 were a
continuation of baseline establishment. Each year more sites were added, which expanded the
range of the study, and more volunteers joined the study. Harstine Island will be included in the
study area beginning in 2016. At the end of the 2015 season, our online database was launched.
Our goal is to collect 5 consecutive years of data at each site in order to conduct analysis that
would allow us to identify any trends in breeding populations and use of breeding sites.
The 2013 study confirmed that that Pigeon Guillemots are nesting in the NRAR and that the
determination of an active and functioning burrow can be made through behavioral observations
made by citizen scientists. Previous work by the WIPGRG has shown that substantial reliable
data can be collected using these methods. To date there are no other known nesting studies of
Pigeon Guillemots in the NRAR. In spring of 2016, scouting expeditions will be conducted to
visit previously documented breeding colonies to verify current use as well as habitat changes.
In May and June, Pigeon Guillemots visit the burrows frequently and some incubate eggs. By the
end of June, teams of citizen-science observers will typically observe activities associated with
young in the burrows - adults delivering fish to them. Since the young fledge at night in late July
and August and quickly disperse beyond binocular range after fledging, very few juvenile birds
are expected to be observed from shore.
4.1 Project goals
1) To create a baseline data set for the number of Pigeon Guillemot breeding sites within the
south sound region and to evaluate population trends in South Puget Sound.
2) To involve, educate, and train citizen scientists to monitor the Pigeon Guillemot breeding
sites.
4.2 Project objectives
To train at least 30 citizens to identify and monitor active breeding burrows of Pigeon
Guillemots within the Reserve and the surrounding region.
To record weekly observations of Pigeon Guillemots using burrows for breeding during
the 2016 breeding season at 30 or more sites, as described in this QAPP.
To compile field data and analyze using an online database, as described in this QAPP.
To distribute data or results to appropriate local and state agencies and the public, via
website and other outreach, such as presentations to community groups.
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4.3 Information needed and Sources
The information, that this project will collect, includes:
Colony location (latitude & longitude)
Photo of burrow site
Active status
Number and type of prey (Gunnel, Sculpin, other) delivered
Number of Guillemot observed in the entire colony
Number of active burrows
Number and time of burrow visits
4.4 Target population
The target population for this continuing study is the Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba), a
species that breeds in the NRAR and nearby areas of South Puget Sound.
4.5 Study boundaries
The study will be conducted in South Puget Sound within the NRAR and along nearby
shorelines. Figure 3 shows the NRAR and areas within it that include sandy bluffs with burrows
and other potential nesting sites.
4.6 Tasks required
To continue the baseline monitoring, the following are the support tasks for the project:
Develop training materials
Gather a list of beach sites with bluffs that have guillemot breeding burrows and/or
reported guillemot breeding activity; visit as many sites as possible with citizen science
observers
Recruit and coordinate volunteer citizen scientists
Conduct training
4.7 Practical constraints
One challenge will be recruiting and training enough citizen scientists to survey existing sites
and increase our capacity to continue with program expansion. Site access to areas where
burrows can be observed adequately without disturbing the birds is also a challenge. Other
potential limitations include weather, visibility, tides, and type of optics used.
4.8 Systematic planning process
Represented by this QAPP.
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Figure 3: Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve.
Source: WDNR (2011)
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5.0 Organization and Schedule
The Nisqually Reach Nature Center is the coordinating organization for this program. The
partners for this study are the Nisqually Reach Nature Center (NRNC) and the NRAR Citizen
Stewardship Committee (NRAR CSC). This study is also working with members of the Whidbey
Island Pigeon Guillemot Research Group (WIPGRG) who have conducted similar research for
over ten years.
5.1 Key Individuals
The key individuals for this project are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Key individuals and their responsibilities
Individual Responsibilities
Terence Lee, NRNC Project coordination, volunteer recruitment, training, field
oversight, and report/QAPP writing
Anne Mills, NRARCSC Project coordination, volunteer recruitment, training, field
oversight, and support
Frances Wood, WIPGRG Technical project support
Tom Gries, Ecology
NEP Quality Coordinator
Reviews and comments on QAPP and draft report.
Recommends approval of QAPP
William Kammin, Ecology
QA Officer Reviews and approves QAPP
5.2 Special training and certifications
No certifications are required. All field observers will be fully trained by Terence Lee, Anne
Mills and other experts in the field. There will be a training each May covering breeding survey
protocols, survey techniques, data collection and data entry.
5.3 Organization chart
Not applicable (NA)
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5.4 Project Schedule
The planned schedule for this project in 2016 and 2017 is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Project schedule
Activity Start date End date
Develop/adapt current training materials April May
Recruit volunteer citizen scientists February June
Gather a list of beach sites with bluffs containing
potential guillemot breeding burrows and/or
reported guillemot breeding activity; visit as many
sites as possible with citizen science observers
February June
Plan and implement volunteer training March June
Prepare QAPP May November
Observe sites to determine if birds are preparing to
breed (if sites will be active) January June
Selection of sites for monitoring, based on early
observed guillemot activity, safe and easy access,
private property permission (if necessary);
volunteer preference and location
May June
Weekly monitoring of active burrows and
recording of observations June
August (or until there are
no more fish deliveries)
Ongoing entry of field data into online database June
June – September
(until all seasonal data
have been entered; follow
up through October)
Data analysis September December
Make recommendations for changes in monitoring
program for future seasons
Throughout
Season Throughout season
Prepare and distribute final report October February
5.5 Limitations on schedule
Not applicable, N/A.
5.6 Budget and funding
This program is primarily a volunteer-run project, but does require staff support for coordinating
volunteers and for preparing of reports. Volunteer hours are used as indirect match for grant
funding. Funding for this program is provided in part by grants from the Russell Foundation and
by the Rose Foundation and the National Estuary Program through a subcontract with WA DNR.
This covers staff time, mileage reimbursement, training workshops, and supplies.
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6.0 Quality Objectives
6.1 Decision quality objectives
NA
6.2 Measurement quality objectives
The overall quality objective for this project is to provide high quality data on the overall
population and nesting activity of Pigeon Guillemots in the vicinity of the NRAR and South
Sound. This QAPP describes where, when, and how various observations and measurements
will be made.
The quality objectives for the field methods herein will be evaluated using indicators of
precision, accuracy/bias, representativeness, comparability, completeness, and sensitivity as
applicable.
Bias of observations will be minimized by a) thoroughly training citizen volunteer observers, b)
ensuring adherence to the protocol, and c) providing occasional expert oversight.
Representativeness will be addressed by choice of locations where observations will occur, e.g.,
steep bluffs, places where these birds prefer to nest, and timing of observations (during nesting
season).
Comparability of the resulting data to past and future studies will be ensured by following field
protocols used by the Whidbey Island Pigeon Guillemot Research Group. WIPGRG has over ten
years of data collected through their citizen science volunteer monitoring program. This group
has shared its PIGU procedures, field forms, and spreadsheets which are adapted for the NRAR
project. Individuals from WIPGRG will provide support by giving guidance pertaining to survey
protocol and data collection. By utilizing the Standard Operations Procedure (SOP) of the
Whidbey Island group, the NRAR PIGU data should be fully compatible with the data of
WIPGRG. With both groups using the same online database, this will ensure data compatibility.
The protocol used in the Whidbey Island Pigeon Guillemot Research Group study is shown in
Appendix B (F. Wood pers. com.) The NRAR protocol was adapted from the Whidbey Island
Group’s protocol and is shown in Appendix C.
Completeness. The target for completeness will be to successfully identify accessible, active
nesting sites in or adjacent to the reserve and observe at least 30 sites on a weekly basis during
the 2016 breeding season. See Figure 3 for map of study area.
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7.0 Sampling Design
The study will be conducted in the NRAR and the South Puget Sound. The initial part of the
program is to locate active and potential nesting burrows. Citizen science observers will be
assigned to observe sites with documented active burrows or sites with potential breeding
habitat. They will be asked to visit their site at least ten times during the season with one visit per
week starting the week of June 6 and continuing until August 30 or longer if guillemots are still
present. Citizen science observers will continue until there has been two consecutive weeks with
no fish deliveries or no adults with fish (excludes birds feeding themselves). (From monitoring
procedures.)
In this research, the following items will be determined and recorded utilizing a standardized
data sheet:
Identification and confirmation of active burrows
Location (GPS reading) and drawing and photograph of observed burrow
Bird behavior
Fish delivered (type of fish and number?)
Total number of birds in colony
Total number of active burrows in the colony
Disturbances and results of those disturbances
Ancillary data including the presence and number of dead chicks, egg shells, rejected
prey in the vicinity of the burrows.
The data sheet showing the observational data that will be gathered and recorded is shown in
Appendix A. Figure 4.
8.0 Sampling Procedures
The SOP is derived from the Whidbey Island Pigeon Guillemot Research Group’s procedures.
These protocols have been field tested and have generated fourteen years of data. The primary
data collected will be behavioral observation and counts of birds and burrows. Additionally, prey
species will be identified and counted. Citizen science observers will supply their own binoculars
and may use spotting scopes for monitoring activity near burrows. The SOP will be incorporated
into all training materials. The procedures from the SOP are shown in Appendix A. Figure 4.
Because no physical samples will be taken or removed from the area, concerns for transport of
invasive species are lessened. To prevent spread of invasive species that may contaminate
equipment used in observations, all volunteers and staff will be instructed to inspect any
equipment they have as well as their clothing and will remove any living organisms before
leaving their sampling location. Observers should not wear felt-soled boots or shoes as these
can’t be effectively decontaminated. Details and options for decontamination can be found at:
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/InvasiveSpecies/AIS-PublicVersion.html.
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9.0 Measurement Methods
NA
10.0 Quality Control Procedures
Bird identification experts may accompany volunteers to confirm accuracy of observations.
11.0 Data Management Procedures
All data will be recorded on data sheets. Each observer will copy their data sheets and return
them to the project coordinator. Data will be entered into an online database by volunteer
designated team leads and/or support staff. The following fields will be filled in weekly for each
completed survey at each site:
Date
Observer
Burrow number
Active status
Number of prey (gunnel, sculpin, other) delivered
Number of guillemot observed in the entire colony
Number of active burrows
Time of burrow visits and fish deliveries
Disturbances and results
Additionally, a master list will have the following information:
Burrow number
Burrow location (latitude and longitude)
Photo ID number
Assigned observer (s)
Volunteers will transcribe information from survey forms and enter data online at
www.pigeonguillemotdata.org/southsound/2016/. Data that are received, but not yet entered will
be recorded and checked by staff and/or interns/trained volunteers. NRNC will conduct QA/QC
of all database entries on a weekly basis to ensure completeness and accuracy. All original data
sheets will be archived by volunteer team leads. NRNC will maintain archived copies of the
original data sheets in paper and digital formats. Hard copies will be kept in a binder marked,
‘2016 Pigeon Guillemot Survey’ housed in the office at NRNC while electronic copies will be
housed in the cloud on the NRNC Google Drive. The data and analysis will be synthesized into
an annual monitoring report.
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12.0 Audits and Reports
No audits of this project are required.
A draft report containing the elements below will be prepared and distributed to Ecology’s NEP
Quality Coordinator and peers, including members of the Whidbey Island Guillemot Research
Group, WDNR, and members of the Bird and Mammal work group of the Puget Sound
Ecosystem Monitoring Program for comment. The final monitoring report will be completed by
February 28, 2017 Production of the reports will be a collaborative effort between the partner
organizations and WDNR.
The report will include:
A narrative of the field research
A summary of observations
Analysis of effort
Analysis of observations
Analysis of prey selection
An assessment of the feasibility of this study
Recommendations for any modification of the procedures and the overall program
The final report will be available at:
The WDNR AR website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/managed-lands/aquatic-
reserves/nisqually-reach-aquatic-reserve
The NRNC website: http://www.nisquallyestuary.org/aquaticreserve.html
The Puget Sound Aquatic Reserves website: http://www.aquaticreserves.org/resources/
13.0 Data Verification
The project coordinator and assistant coordinator will check location and observational records
for missing or unusual values and compare them to quality objectives. Any indications of
incorrect or inconsistent observation site locations, deviations from standard observation
protocols, uncertain identifications of birds or prey, data transcription errors, etc. will be cause to
qualify or reject observations. Efforts shall be made to address any issues that arise with any
observations of the aforementioned problems. Some quality assurance will be delegated to select
trained individuals.
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14.0 Data Quality (Usability) Assessment
The project manager and assistant coordinator will review all verified results relative to overall
project objectives and determine if they are sufficient in number and quality for analysis, and
whether they are comparable to other Pigeon Guillemot data sets. Summary statistics will
describe the usable data, with ‘non-detects’ being assigned a “0” value. This will include
compiling and calculating the number of active burrows per site, average number of birds
(guillemots) per colony, and maximum number of birds per colony. Additionally, this includes
comparing weekly prey deliveries of gunnel, sculpin and other prey species over at least ten
weeks. Additional statistical analysis may also explore spatial and temporal trends in abundance,
differences between yearly abundances, changes in prey preference, etc. Analytical results and
an evaluation of the study design will be described in the final project report.
15.0 References
DNR, 2011. Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Management Plan. Accessed March 24, 2013 at
http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/aqr_nisqually_reserve_finalplan_2011.pdf.
Lee, T. and E. Cain, 2016. 2016 South Sound Pigeon Guillemot Survey Colonies.
Mills and Joyce, 2014. Pigeon Guillemot Foraging and Breeding Survey in and Near the Nisqually Reach
Aquatic Reserve. Final 2013 Monitoring Report.
Nysewander, D.R., J.R. Evenson, B.L. Murphie, and T.A. Cyra. 2005. Report of marine bird and mammal
component, Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program, for July 1992 to December 1999 period
[Unpublished report]. Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife
Management Program. 181 pp.
Opperman, H., Kelly M. Cassidy, Tom Aversa, Eugene S. Hunn, and Brenda Senturia. 2006. Sound to
Sage: Breeding Bird Atlas of Island, King, Kitsap, and Kittitas Counties, Washington. Published at
http://www.soundtosage.org by the Seattle Audubon Society. Version 1.1, September 2006 (accessed
April 4, 2013).
Puget Sound Seabird Survey, 2012. Map of observations of Pigeon Guillemots in Puget Sound October-
April. Available at http://seattleaudubon.org/seabirdsurvey/bird_detail.aspx?bird_id=222 (accessed
April 4, 2013).
Pearson, S.F. and N.J. Hamel. 2012. Marine and terrestrial bird indicators for Puget Sound. Washington
State Department of Fish and Wildlife and Puget Sound Partnership, Olympia, WA, 48 pp.
SOW, 2016. SOW #16-302. Citizen Science and Stewardship of Aquatic Reserves. Grant # 15-05467.
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Appendix A: Data Sheet and Reference Materials
The field ID card used for prey identification, provided by the Whidbey Island Guillemot
Research Group, is shown in Figure 4. The data sheet used in this 2016 Pigeon Guillemot Study
is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4: Fish identification card used to identify guillemot prey species.
Photos by Craig Johnson and Govinda Rosling
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Figure 5: 2016 NRNC pigeon guillemot survey data sheet
Notes:_____________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve
Citizen Stewardship Committee
Pigeon Guillemot Survey
Data Sheet 2016
Colony:___________________ Site:___
Observer(s):________________________
________________________
Phone:_____________________________
Email:_____________________________
Date:______________________________
Start:___________ End:_______________
Weather: Please circle all that apply:
Sunny Mostly Sunny Partly Sunny
Heavy Wind Moderate Wind Light Wind
Heavy Rain Moderate Rain Light Rain
Overcast Mostly Cloudy Partly Cloudy Foggy
Please return completed form to:
Terence Lee
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
4949 D'Milluhr Rd. NE
Olympia, WA 98516
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SITE WIDE ACTIVITY
Highest Total Count Today:_____
Start:_____ Middle:_____ End:_____
Disturbances:
1). Type:___________________________
Start Time:_____ End Time:_____
Resulting change in PIGU behavior:
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2.) Type:___________________________
Start Time:_____ End Time:_____
Resulting change in PIGU behavior:
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3.) Type: ___________________________
Start Time:_____ End Time:_____
Resulting change in PIGU behavior:
___________________________________________________
_________________
4.) Type:___________________________
Start Time:_____ End Time:_____
Resulting change in PIGU behavior:
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
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BURROW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY
(Note the time of VB or FB)
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/ Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/ Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
Burrow: _________
VB: __________________________
FB: Sculpin ___________________
Gunnels__________________
Other/Unknown___________
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Appendix B: Whidbey Island Guillemot Research Group—Procedures for 2016 Season
Provided by Francis Wood of the Whidbey Audubon Society
1. The procedures and field card have been revised for 2016 to reflect changes in
procedures. Please use the 2016 field card and discard any old field cards.
2. Safety is our first priority. If you can’t go with a partner, take a cell phone and/or be sure
someone knows you are on the beach and when you’re planning to return.
3. It is expected that for each field card record you will sit quietly at your study area for one
hour and observe the activity. Arrive early and let the birds settle into normal behavior
before you begin the survey.
4. The earlier you can get to your colony the better chance of seeing more activity. You
may begin your survey at any time before 8:45 am. We need a total count of birds
before 9:00 each time you visit.
5. We ask that you visit your site at least ten times this season. One visit should fall during
each week beginning with the week of June 6th and continuing until there has been two
consecutive weeks with no fish deliveries or no adults with fish (excludes birds feeding
themselves).
6. The focus of this year’s study is to determine five things:
a. The maximum birds present during your survey. We suggest that you count the
birds when you first arrive, about half way through your survey and again at the
end. Also count if there seems to be an increase in the birds. Select the largest
number.
b. The number of active burrows.
c. The frequency of fish deliveries to young.
d. The type of fish delivered.
e. The disturbances that change the guillemot’s behavior.
7. First locate and identify the active/occupied burrows. Make a drawing or take a photo so
that you can locate, number and remember the burrows. Make a duplicate drawing or
photo and send it to Frances, so that we can more easily fill in substitutes and so that we
can understand your colony more completely.
8. A burrow is considered “active/occupied” when:
You see birds disappear into or emerge from the burrow (VB)
(A “ledge sit” is not valid, nor is fresh guano.)
9. For each active/occupied burrow, tally the behaviors noted. These will include VB
(Visiting Burrow), FB (Fish to Burrow). Note time for each VB and FB. (See field card.)
10. Most fish delivered will be either sculpin or gunnels. If you can identify the fish
delivered, please indicate the type of fish. If you can’t, tally under “Other/Unknown.” (If
you see a perch, cod or shrimp mark that under “Other/Unknown.” Identify the prey if
possible.)
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11. Under “Colony Wide Activity”, tally the total number of birds, volunteer hours
(including travel, survey and data entry for all members of the team) and disturbances.
12. A Disturbance should be noted if the birds vacate the burrows, fly off the water, leave
land for the water, stay in the water rather than tending burrows or seem disturbed by
people, dogs, boats or predators, etc. Number and identify the disturbances and use the
number to indicate the resulting change in behavior.
13. Either before or afer your survey walk under the burrows and look for dead chicks, egg
shells, rejected prey, etc. We encourage you to mark down any unusual behavior or
anything that seems noteworthy. Just write in the margins or on the back of the field card.
14. If your colony has moved substantially, let us know so we can get new GPS readings.
15. Make a decision. Question marks or number ranges are difficult to interpret.
16. A. Be sure to copy your field cards (or keep good notes) and snail mail them to Frances
Wood within one week of completing the survey. We don’t want to lose any surveys and
later we may ask you to check computer output against your records.
B. Designate someone on your team to enter your data on line. The data for each survey
should be entered within one week of the survey.
17. If for any reason you must miss a week, or your plans change and you are not able
to complete the study, contact the co-ordinator assigned to your site immediately.
For a planned vacation, please let your site contact know at least one week ahead of
your absence so that a substitute can go out with you and shadow your survey to
learn about the colony.
18. Please snail mail field cards within one week of your survey. Send to:
Frances Wood
P.O. Box 1254
Langley, WA 98260
Thank you for your time and effort given to this study. It is deeply appreciated. Please don’t
hesitate to call or e-mail any questions or concerns you may have.
Frances Wood 360-630-4208 wood@whidbey,com
Phyllis Kind 360-331-6337 [email protected]
Govinda Rosling 360-481-6971 [email protected]
Ann Casey 360-331-4679 [email protected]
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Appendix C: Nisqually Reach Nature Center—Procedures for 2016 Season
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
Pigeon Guillemot Study 2016 Protocol
1. The procedures and data sheets have been revised for 2016 to reflect changes in
procedures. Please use the 2016 data sheets and discard any old data sheets.
2. Safety is our first priority. If you can’t go with a partner, take a cell phone and/or be sure
someone knows you are on the beach and when you’re planning to return.
3. It is expected that for each data sheet you will sit quietly (set your phone to vibrate) at
your study area for one hour observing and recording the activity. Arrive 15 minutes
early and let the birds settle into normal behavior before you begin the survey. Position
yourself on the beach so that you can see both the burrows and the water at the same
time. Avoid being out in the open if possible.
4. The earlier you can get to your colony the better chance of seeing more activity. You
may begin your survey at any time before 7:45 am. We need a total count of birds
before 9:00 (survey must be completed by this time) each time you visit.
We ask that you visit your site weekly at least ten times this season starting the week of
June 6th and continuing until there has been two consecutive weeks with no fish
deliveries or no adults with fish (excludes birds feeding themselves).
5. The focus of this study is to determine:
a. The maximum birds present during your survey. We suggest that you count the
birds when you first arrive, about half way through your survey and again at the
end. At any time, if there appears to be an increase in the birds, count again.
Select the largest number.
b. The number of active burrows.
c. The type of fish delivered.
d. The disturbances that disrupt breeding behavior.
6. First locate and identify the active/occupied burrows. Make a drawing or take a photo so
that you can locate, number and remember the burrows. Make a duplicate drawing or
photo and send it to Terence, so that we know where everything is and coordinate better
with substitutes.
7. A burrow is considered “active/occupied” when:
You see birds disappear into or emerge from the burrow (VB)
(A “ledge sit” doesn't count, nor does fresh guano or excavation marks)
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8. For each active/occupied burrow, tally the behaviors noted. These will include VB
(Visiting Burrow), FB (Fish to Burrow). Note time for each VB and FB.
9. Most fish delivered will be either sculpin or gunnels. If you can identify the fish
delivered, please indicate the type of fish. If you can’t, tally under “Other/Unknown.” (If
you see a perch, cod or shrimp mark that under “Other/Unknown.” Identify the prey if
possible.) Pictures of this activity are very valuable, so have your camera at the ready...
you never know when you're going to get a good photo op.
10. A Disturbance should be noted if the birds vacate the burrows, fly off the water, leave
land for the water, stay in the water rather than tending burrows or seem disturbed by
people, dogs, boats or predators, etc. Number and identify the disturbances and use the
number to indicate the resulting change in behavior.
11. Either before or after your survey walk under the burrows and look for dead chicks, egg
shells, rejected prey, etc. We encourage you to record notes on any unusual behavior or
anything that seems noteworthy. (Great photo op!)
12. Make a decision when recording data. Question marks or number ranges are difficult to
interpret.
13. A. Be sure to send a copy your field cards (or keep good notes) and email or snail mail
within one week of completing the survey. We don’t want to lose any data and may need
to get clarification about something on the data sheet.
B. Designate someone on your team to enter your data on line. The data for each survey
should be entered within one week of the survey.
14. If for any reason you must miss a week, or your plans change and you are not able
to complete the study, contact the coordinator assigned to your site immediately.
For a planned vacation, please let your site contact know at least one week ahead of
your absence so that a substitute can go out with you and shadow your survey to
learn about the site.
Thank you for dedicating your time and effort to this study. It is deeply appreciated for the
scientific value it provides. Please don’t hesitate to call or e-mail any questions or concerns you
may have.
Terence Lee, 360-556-2738, [email protected]
Anne Mills, 360-867-1487, [email protected]
Mailing Address:
Nisqually Reach Nature Center
4949 D'Milluhr Rd. NW
Olympia, WA 98516
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Private Property and Site Access Protocol 1. Let us know when you are doing your site visit so that we can take appropriate action in case
of an emergency, which we hope will not happen.
2. When possible, carpool to the site to avoid overwhelming the site with vehicles.
3. Never park on any lawn or private property unless the landowner instructs you to. Do not
park on soft surfaces when ground is wet to avoid making ruts. Use landowner driveways
only with landowner permission and without blocking access. When parking by the side of
the road observe and provide access for mail vehicle, garbage trucks, fire hydrants, and other
service and construction vehicles.
4. Be sure to inform substitute volunteers about areas to park.
5. Put laminated PIGU parking sign/label on the dash or under windshield wiper.
6. Go directly to the beach when passing through people’s property and yards (to avoid
appearance of casing property). When walking the beach, leave similar space between
yourselves and people’s property. Landowners are sensitive about the potential for theft. We
encourage you to pack out any trash you find. Landowners will appreciate it and likely be
happy to see you next time.
7. Always notify landowners of your survey plans ahead of time so they know who is coming,
on what date, at what time.
8. Carry info outreach sheets and be courteous when you meet people while you are on the job.
(we want people to be supportive of this work)
Please remember that if we wish to continue doing surveys, we need to be respectful of private
property and maintain good relationships. Otherwise we may not have access in the future. Do
unto others as you want others to do unto you.
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Appendix D: Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations
Glossary – General Terms Site: The burrows on a bluff that can be observed by one team of volunteers from one observation spot. Colony: A group of birds (breeding and non-breeding) and the reach of beach bluffs/nearshore they frequent/ and/or use for breeding during pre-breeding and breeding season. One colony may consist of more than one site.
Reach: A specific portion or segment of a stream.
Acronyms and Abbreviations Following are acronyms and abbreviations used frequently in this report.
AR Aquatic Reserve
e.g. For example
Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
et al. And others
GPS Global Positioning System
i.e. In other words
NRAR Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve
NRARCSC Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Citizen Stewardship Committee
NRNC Nisqually Reach Nature Center
Pers. com. Personal communication
PSP Puget Sound Partnership
QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SOW Statement of Work
WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
WDNR Washington Department of Natural Resources
WIPGRG Whidbey Island Guillemot Research Group
Units of Measurement ft feet
g gram, a unit of mass
kg kilograms, a unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams.
km kilometer, a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters.
m meter