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QUALITY ASSURANCE AND MONITORING IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD

By K M Chanda, HUDCO

HUMAN SETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTEHUDCO HOUSE, LODHI ROAD

NEW DELHI-110003

Quality Control

regulates and measures:

Adequacy of the construction procedureQuality of selected materialsQuality of workmanshipSafety managementResults of each completed task comply with the

requirementsfor project specifications and design

HUMAN SETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) devised three-tier Quality control & Quality monitoring mechanism:

Tier-1 : Quality Assurance & Quality Control (Implementing Agency)

Tier-2 : Periodic Inspection of the work by SLNA

Tier-3 : Third party Inspection & Monitoring through independent agencies to be approved by state

Central level monitoring in addition to three tiers

Community participation through interaction during construction stage

Duties & Responsibilities of implementing agency (Engineer-in-charge

Selecting and implementing management strategyOverall control of performance, cost and timeSetting up and maintaining interparty information flows and planningAppointing and instructing other members of the teamDefinition and achievement of the client’s objectiveConduct QC, QAP tests whenever required at either site laboratory or at outside approved test laboratories. 10% of tests should be carried out at outside Laboratory.Test should be carried out at outside laboratories finalized by the DepartmentMonitor the execution work in light of QAPRecord results in format provided

• Identify the defects if anyInstruct the contractor to correct defects and get it corrected


Responsibilities of SLNAInspection of the work with respect to Design & specificationProvisions made in estimates with respect to site requirementManagement of the contract, deployment of qualified staff by thecontractor and establishment of a functional quality control laboratory by the contractorConstruction programme and progress of workRecord of quality control tests and its accuracyInspection of departmental officer/PIUs and compliance of their instructionsInvolvement of beneficiaries during progress of work, their satisfactionTo hold meetings with ULBs/PIUs and contractorsTo interact with State Technical Agencies in matters relating tothe design, testing and execution


Responsibilities of TPIM Agency

Monitoring of works pertaining to pre-construction stage, construction stage, project completion stage & post-construction stageDesk review of documents and periodical site visitsFilling and uploading of all inspection reports in the online monitoring system of the Mission Directorate etc.Communicating project strategy, outcomes, rights and responsibilities of all stakeholdersTo assess beneficiaries’ strategiesTo obtain feedbackTo furnish progress report as per the appropriate stage of the project under development


Major items of Civil & Structural work during construction are :

Excavation and plain cement concreteAnti termite treatment and backfillConcreting and ReinforcementBrickwork, including mortar and plastering Water proofingFlooringPlumbing & Water supplyElectrical works (external & internal)PaintingDrainage works


Major control points for various items of civil works

Excavation and plain cement concrete

Pre-excavation :

Dressing, Marking ,Accuracy, Stepping, Stacking ,Disposal, Obstruction, Serviceable Materials ,Leveling, Checking etcSignal post, signal lamps, etc should be provided throughout the period of works as safety precautions against accidentExisting sewer line and other services, if any, located in the layout should be identified.Proper remedial measures to be taken to prevent entry of water into the construction site as well as dewatering arrangement to be made Leveling and setting out of works including all intermediate levels should be checked properly.Provision for proper lighting arrangement, site office, temporary shed for workers, storage of building materials etc are to be made


Post excavation

Excavated materials should be staked away from the foundation edge (at least 1 meter) and loose packets of soils, if any, should be identified and marked.No vehicles should be allowed to ply/park within 1 meter of excavated areaExcess excavation carried out if any should be filled by PCC as per instruction of Engineer in ChargeAppropriate shoring and shuttering arrangements for excavated areas, as required/specified should be made to avoid collapse ofthe site


Plain Cement ConcreteShuttering, if required, to be provided properly without any gap in between and should be checked for water tightnessAnti-termite treatment should be finished before commencement of concretingAll materials should be of specified brand and grade and should be accompanied with manufacturer’s test certificateSand and aggregate should be free from any impurities and should be washed before useProper storage methods should be ensured to prevent possible deterioration and periodical visual inspection & usual site laboratory test to be conducted before putting them into worksConcreting should be in line and level and curing should be doneas per specification


Anti-termite treatment and Backfill

Chemicals for ATT are as per specification and within expiry dateRecord of stock and consumption of materials are to be maintained at sitesMixing is done as per manufacturer’s specified proportionATT should be finished before commencement of backfilling with the specified soil onlyBackfilling should be done in layers of 300 mm with proper watering and compaction


Reinforced Cement Concrete

All materials should be as per specification and should be accompanied with manufacturer’s test certificate and checked for complianceProper storage methods are to be ensured to prevent possible deteriorationForm-work should be as per required profile, line, level & finish and should be sturdy to withstand weight of wet concrete, steel & live load & to be tested for water tightnessProper water cement ratio, vibration, deposition of concrete, location of construction joint should be ensuredConduction of usual slump test, cube test, specified period of curing, striking of forms etc are to be maintained as per specification

contd


Bar length should be as per bar bending scheduleReinforcement should be placed as per specified spacing and diameterLap length should be provided as per codal specificationConcreting should be done continuously and compaction of concrete should be carried out continuously including proper maintenance of construction jointRemoval of shuttering should be as per provision of IS : 456 –2000Line and level of concrete surface should be checked continuouslyDefects, if any, to be identified and proper action to be taken for rectification instantly


Brick masonry work

Bricks shall be of specified quality & size of bricks should conform to standardsBricks are soaked in water before use, for a period, for the water to just penetrate the whole depth of the bricks. Alternatively, clean water spraying to be done to bricks soaked in stacks for a period not less than six hoursOnly skin-dry bricks are to be laid. Unless otherwise specified, English bond is to be followed and for half brick wall - stretcher bondBrick work should be cured for at least 7 days and at least 3 days before starting of plastering works.Raking of joints to receive plaster and curing for the period as specified should be followed.


Plastering Masonry and concrete surface to which plaster is to be applied is clear, free from efflorescence, damp and sufficiently rough and hacked, washed and well watered before plaster is applied.Preparation of mortar of specified ratio and in requisite amount should be done.Provision of thickness pad and chicken mesh at masonry RCC junction shall be madeAll chasing, installation of conduit, boxes etc are ensured before commencement of plastering work.Curing is started as soon as the plaster has hardened sufficiently and is kept continuously damp for proper curing for at least 7 days.


Tile FlooringSub grade concrete or RCC slab on which the tiles are laid are cleaned, wetted and mopped.Mortar is spread, tamped and corrected to proper levels and allowed to harden sufficiently to offer a fairly rigid cushion for the tiles to setOver the mortar bedding, neat grey cement slurry (1.5 bags of cement in 100 lits of water) of honey like consistency is spreadTiles are soaked in water , washed, cleaned and are fixed in thegrout one after anotherJoints are kept as thin as possible and in straight lines or to suit required patternThe surface of the flooring during laying is frequently checked with a straight edge about 2 mtrs long, so as to obtain a true surface with the required slope

contd


Curing shall be done for at least 7 days & fixing of skirting should be done only after curing period is overSkirting is fixed using 1:1 mortar proportion and skirting joints are matched with joints of flooringFinished floor level of bathrooms and WC should be lower than the adjacent floor level by approximately 18 mmThe finished work should not sound hollow when tapped with a wooden mallet


Plumbing and water supply

GI PLUMBING ON WALLSTake measurements of required lengths of pipe, make an assembly of pipes as per layout. Fix it on the wall and ensure all heights and measurementsLeakages to be checked through pressure testing

GI DOWNTAKEMark all the GI lines on the wall in plumb as per layout and design, on completion of external plasteringFix all the vertical GI pipes in line and level with proper clampingMinimum 3 clamps should be fixed one at centre and one at each joint for each pipe using drill machine onlyProvide control valves for all the toilets, kitchen and master valve at terrace level as per design, location and specification

contd


TERRACEGI work on the terrace should be done after water proofing of the terrace is completedIt should be laid as per given layout and designPreferably terrace looping pipes to be run 0.6 m above the water proofing level, on the parapet wall with clamping

SUPPLY OF WATER TO AND FROM UNDERGROUND WATER TANKBefore doing the roadwork, lay the required water supply lines from the source such as, municipal line, bore well, open well, treatment plant, up to the underground water tankLay the delivery lines from UGR to OHRCheck the position of delivery lines, air vents, washout, drain pipes, manholes for both the tanks


Drainage system

Drainage line to be constructed as per the design & layoutExcavation to be done considering the invert level of chambersThe joints of the chambers should be packed with packing rope, soaked in cement slurry and seated with cement mortar to the cemented jointsProper curing should be done at least for 7 days.Testing of drainage line should be done as per IS standards and defects found if any should be repaired instantly and back filling work should be done only after confirmation of no leakage in the line.


PaintingGreat skill of workmanship is required as painting affects the total appearance of the building from inside and outsideSurface should be cleared with wire brush for dust, loose scales, etc and should be completely driedAll gaps, cracks and undulations shall be filled and smoothened After preparation of surface, apply thick coat of primer to walls and ceilings followed by filler (putty) in horizontal and vertical directionsApply first coat of paints after 24 hours on cleaning the surfaceSecond coat and subsequent coats of paints if required, should be applied at an interval of minimum 24 hours.For external painting, normally cement paint is used with sand faced finished wallFor external painting, second coat is cured for 7 days with a spray pump or water pipe.


Building material tests for Quality control

WATER

PH value - IS : 3025Concentration of solids in water - IS : 3025Sulphate impurities - IS : 3025Organic/Inorganic solids - IS : 3025Chloride content - IS : 3025



Cement

Fineness - IS : 4031 : 1996Soundness - IS : 4031 : 1988Setting time - IS : 4031 : 1966Compressive strength - IS : 4031 : 1988Consistency - IS : 4031 : 1996Specific gravity - IS : 4031 : 1968



SandFineness modulus - IS : 1607 : 1960

- IS : 383 : 1970Silt content - IS : 2386 : 1963

- IS : 383 : 1970Bulkage of sand - IS : 2386 : 190Specific gravity & waterabsorption - IS : 2386 : 1963Organic impurities - IS : 383 : 1988



Coarse AggregateSieve analysis for grading - IS : 383 -1963Specific gravity & water Absorption - IS : 2386-1963Soundness - IS : 2386-1963Impact value - IS : 2386-1990Crushing value - IS : 2386-1990Stone metal-Abrasion test - IS : 2386-1990Flaking index - IS : 2386-1963



BricksTest for water absorption -IS:3425-1992Compressive strength -IS:3495-1992Test for efflorescence -IS:3495-1992

SteelMechanical properties such as 0.2% proof stress, % elongation, tensile strength of reinforcing T.M.T. bars -IS:1608-1995Reinforcing steel- Bend test - IS:1608-1995


Building material tests for Quality controlConcrete

Slump test - CPWD specificationCompaction Factor -CPWD specificationWeight, Cement factor and air content test

- CPWD specification

Reinforcement

Tensile Strength - IS 1608Rebound test - IS:1786Elongation test - IS 1786Proof Stress - IS 1786Bend test - IS 1786


Quality control test for road works

Los Angeles test for coarse aggregates - IS 4386Abrasion value of aggregate - IS 4386Impact value - IS 5640Flakiness index - IS 2386Grading requirement - IS 2386Test for deleterious material - IS 2386


Suggested list of equipments for Quality Control Lab

Cube testing Machine 2000KN Capacity 1 No

Mortar Cube casting Machine 1 No

Thermometer 1000C 1 No

Brass sieves of 200 dia-10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 0.6000 mm, 0.300 mm, 0.150 mm, pan and lid

1 No each

GI Sieves of 300 dia-80 mm, 63 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, pan and lid

1 No each

Cube moulds 15X15X15 cm7.07X7.07X7.07 cm

15 Nos9 Nos

Thermostatically controlled oven 1 No

Vicatt’s apparatus 1 No


Proctor mould for MDD and OMC 2.6 kg capacity 1 No

Slump cone with tampering rod 2 Nos

Measuring cylinder glass 250 ml 3 Nos

Measuring cylinder plastic 500 ml 2 Nos

Measuring cylinder plastic 1000 ml 2 Nos

Gauging trowel 1 Pair

Digital weighing balance 15 kg capacity 1 No

Tray 1 ft X 9 inches 3 Nos

Tray 1 meter X 1 meter 1 No

Aluminum small container 5 Nos


Checklist : Excavation & PCCSl No Items Remarks

1 Good for construction drawings indicating levels available at Site

2 Proper safety precautions taken for site and public

3 Precautions taken for drawing and protecting site from flooding

4 Dumping ground established

5 Setting out and levels as per drawings

6 Intermediate levels checked

7 Post Excavation

8 Characteristics of excavated strata noted and deviations informed

9 Appropriate shoring and shuttering done


Checklist for Plain Cement concrete worksS.No. Items Remarks

1 All levels and dimensions checked for correctness

2 Shuttering is as per plan and has no gaps in between

3 All materials are of specified brand and grade

4 Making of concrete has been done as specified

5 Slump and other tests carried out as specified

6 Honeycombing removed

7 Required number of samples have been taken for carrying out slump tests, cube tests etc

8 Concreting has been done as per specified line and level

9 Curing has been done as specified

10 Compaction has been done properly

11 Remedial measures taken for removal of defects


Checklist for Anti-termite treatment & Backfill

Sl No Items Remarks

1 Chemicals for ATT are as per specification

2 Chemicals in use are within expiry date

3 Sufficient quantities of chemicals are available at site for ATT

4 Safety precautions have been taken for carrying out ATT

5 Record of consumption maintained at site

6 Filling materials/earth is as per specification

7 Anti-termite treatment has been carried out before commencement of backfilling

8 Filling has been done in layers of 300 mm, watered and compacted as per specification

9 Proper compaction method has been adopted

10 Filling has been done to the required levels


Checklist : Reinforced Cement Concrete works

Sl No Items Remarks

1 All specified materials available at site

2 Cement is of the required grade and not more than three months old

3 Shuttering checked for Staging & Propping, line and level, dimensions cleaning etc and its quality approved

4 Application of oil & grease carried out

5 Mixer/Vibrator as specified available at site with adequate means to run them during concretion

6 Cutout & Sleeves/Inserted

7 Surface of reinforcement is clean and free from rust

8 Bars have been provided as per structural drawings

9 Lap length & dowels provided as per codal provisions

10 Pin bars & chairs/cover blocks provided as per requirements


Checklist : Reinforced cement concrete works11 Items Remarks

12 Trying of bars has been done correctly

13 Service lines (Electrical, Plumbing, Others) if any, provided before commencement of concrete

14 Availability/Arrangement of pumps etc, roper access & walkway checked

15 Adequacy of vibrators/needle including diesel vibrator

16 Slump cone test cubes made

17 Safety & health measures taken before commencement

18 All necessary precautions taken before commencement of concreting

19 Samples taken for slump, cube tests etc for each batch


Checklist : Reinforced cement concrete worksSl No Items Remarks

20 Proper compaction done and checks on staging & scaffolding carried out

21 Covering of green concrete carried

22 Surface finish checked

23 Construction joints provided

24 Deshuttering started on vertical faces

25 Proper curing of concrete carried out

26 Defects notified and removed

27 Cubes and other test results will be intimated to the Engineer-in-charge for further action


Masonry, mortar and plasterSl No Items Remark

s1 Availability of material as per daily requirement checked

2 Quality check for bricks/blocks/sand cement carried out

3 Provisions kept for electrical and other services

4 Checking for line/level/right angle carried out

5 Mortar checked for mix proportion

6 Proper raking of joints

7 Seismic bands provided as per zonal requirements

8 Check cleaning of dead mortar and broken bricks/blocks etc

9 Curing carried out as per requirements

10 Mortar for plastering as specified for each side of wall


Masonry, mortar and plaster

S.No. Items Remarks

11 Quality of cement and sand checked

12 Curring work done as per requirement

13 Preparation of surface

14 Curring

15 Check for hollowness

16 Check for cracks

17 Mortar mixing in tray

18 Addition of water proofing compound

19 Proper roughing of first code

20 Check for collection of mortar spills


Masonry, mortar and plaster

S.No. Items Remarks

21 Cleaning of dead mortar

22 Check of waviness

23 Check for grooves/drip moulds

24 Application of cement slurry on concrete surface

25 Curing

26 Check for hollowness

27 Check for cracks

28 Check for diagonal

29 Line wash after 3 days (within 5 days in case of neeru application)

30 Safety and health measures


Checklist – Cement Concrete Roads

S.No. Items Remarks

1 Materials used for construction of sub base, base and cement concreting is as specified

2 Grading of Aggregates is as per specifications

3 Right of Way Maintained as per drawings

4 Aggregates spread uniformity to proper profile

5 Centre line, gradient and camber maintained as specified

6 Cross section levels of precedent layer recorded

7 Tests of aggregates carried out as specified and record

8 Top concrete surface is of required grade and mix

9 All tests carried out as per the relevant BIS Codes


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