qku 0172&2696891] 09988160484 -...

11

Qksu 0172& 2696891] 09988160484Qksu 0172& 2696891] 09988160484

va' k& (10)

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

http://www.novapdf.com/


22

i "B l a[ ; kfo"k; & l wfp

1- Hkwfed k

2- i "B Hkwfe

i zFke vè; k;

3- i zd k' k

4- ckY; d ky

5- i f. Mr f' konÙk t h

6- xksfcUn j k; d h fuHkhZd r k

7- l ksHkX; or h j kuh fo' oEHkjk

8- xq: i fj okj d h i at kc oki l h

9- i hj vkjQnhu t h

10- i zkj fEHkd f' k{kk

11- vkSjaxt sc }kj k fgUnqvksa i j vR; kpkj

12- xq: nj ckj esa d ' ehjh i f. Mr ksa d h i qd kj

13- Hk; d kgw d kS nsr ufga] ufga Hk; ekur vkuA

14- HkkbZ er h nkl t h d h ' kghnh

15- ' kghnh HkkbZ n; kyk t h

16- ' kghnh HkkbZ l r h nkl t h

17- xq: r sx cgknqj l kgc t h d h ' kghnh

f} r h; vè; k;

18- xq# xíh vyad r l ekj ksg

19- j kt k j ke fl ag }kj k ?kksM+s HksaV




33

20 HkkbZ y[ kh ' kkg

21- xksfcUn j k; t h d k l e; vkSj i fj fLFkfr ; ka

22- t y ØhM+k, a

23 xq: d h f=kos. kh

24 jkt k j r u j k;

25 fookg

26 j . kt hr uxkjk

27 vÝxkfuLr ku d h l axr

28 HkhepUn d h nqfo/ k

29 ' ksj d k f' kd kj

30 HkhepUn d k v l Qy Ny

31- d kyl h d k ½f"k

32- ukgu uxj esa i nki Z. k

33- i hj cq¼ ' kkg

34- l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k d k t Ue

35- fueZyk vfHk; ku

36- j ke jk; d s l ax HksaV

37- d i ky ekspu

38- j ke j k; d h eR; q

39- ujs' k Qr sg' kkg d h yM+d h d s fookg d k fueU=k. k

40- d kyl h ½f"k d k fu/ u

41- ckj kr d k i zLFkku

42- i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa l kfgR; d h mRi fÙk




44

43- Hkaxk. kh* j . k{ks=k cu x; k

44- Hkaxk. kh* j . k{ks=k cu x; k

45- j k; i qj d h j kuh

46- ukMw ' kkg

r r h; vè; k;

47- vkuUni qj esa i zos' k

48- HkhepUn us eS=kh d k i zLr ko Hkst k

49- gksyk& egyk

50- Bkd qj d k i zd ksi

51- HkkbZ uUnyky t h xks; k*

52- xq: nso d k fo| k nj ckj

53- d fo; ksa r Fkk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k d s l aokn

54- yaxj d h i j h{kk

55- d M+kg i zl kn d ks ywVus d k vkns' k

56- Kku d h jgL; e; d qat h

57- l e¼ ; qod d ks l sok d jus d h i zsj . kk

58 fouksnh xq: nso t h d k mfpr fu. kZ;

59 ykgkSjk fl a?k d h ' kqf¼

60- ct : M+ d k m¼kj

61- HkkbZ t ; fl a?k

62- Hkkyw d ks eks{k i znku

63- d kt +h l ykjnhu d h vk' kad k fuoÙk

64- [ kkyl s d h ekr k




55

65- el an Js. kh i j i zfr cU/

66- uknkSu d k ; q¼

67- xqysj d s ; q¼ esa xq: nso d k l g; ksx

68 eqvt +e (cgknqj ' kkg) d k i oZr h; uj s' kksa i j vkØe. k

69- j kt k Hkhe pUn d k nsgkUr vkSj nsohpUn

70- nknh eka ukud h t h d k fu/ u

71- nsoh i zd V d jus d h foMEcuk

72- xq: nso d k eq[ ; y{;

73- [ kkyl k i aFk d h l t uk

74- vki s xq: psyk

75- j fgr e; kZnk d k egÙo

76- nEHkh fl D[ kksa }kj k foj ks/

77- l S¼kfUr d n"VkUr

78- HkkbZ t ksxk fl a?k t h

79- czkã. k nsonkl

80- nhi d kSj

81- gfj uke d h efgek

82- ' kq¼ ok. kh mPpkj . k i j cy

83- vkè; kfRed l eL; k d k l ek/ ku

84- pfj=k fuekZ. k i j fo' ks"k cy

85- fo| kr k i j vVwV8 vkLFkk

86- <ky d h i j h{kk

87- i oZr h; uj s' kksa d ks i zsj . kk




66

88- vkuUni qj d k i zFke ; q¼

89- vkuUni qj d k f} r h; ; q¼

90- nquhpUn el Un

91- mn; fl a?k vkSj fofp=k fl a?k

92- HkkbZ d UgS; k t h

93- vkuUni qj l kfgc d k r r h; ; q¼

94- l Sn [ kku

95- vkuUni qj d h pkSFkh vkSj vfUr e yM+kbZ

96- vkuUnx<+ d k R; kx

pkSFkk (pr qFkZ) vè; k;

97- vkuUni qj l s i zLFkku

98- ped kSj d k ; q¼

99- ped kSj d h j . kHkwfe l s ekNhokM+k {ks=k esa

100- ekNhokM+s {ks=k l s i yk; u

101- vYi vk; q d s ' kghn

102- eqxyksa l s vfUr e ; q¼ d s fy, mfpr {ks=k d h [ kkst

103- eqxyksa l s vfUr e ; q¼

104- eqDr l j d k ; q¼

i k¡pok vè; k;

105- ekyok {ks=k esa i zpkj

106- gkt +jh eu d h vFkok r u d h

107- l Ppk i zse gh i zHkq pj . kksa esa i zoku

108- t kxhjnkj MYys d s l Sfud ksa d h i j h{kk




77

109- l j fgUn l s t xhjnkj MYys d ks / ed h

110- / eZi Ruh l s feyki

111- xq: xzaFk l kgc d s u; s Lo: i d h l ai knuk

112- xq: pj . kksa esa i h<+h ft r uk LFkku

113- d fo nj ckj

114- i zpkj d k v l j

v fUr e (NVk) vè; k;

115- vkSjaxt sc d h eR; q vkSj ml d s mÙkjkf/ d kfj ; ksa esa ; q¼

116- mTt oy vkpj . k gh Js"Br k d k i zr hd

117- i hj d ks l h[ k

118- d s' k vfuok; Z D; ksa\

119- [ kkyl k l Ei w. kZ

120- HkkbZ eku fl a?k t h d h gR; k

121- ek/ ks nkl oSjkxh

122- r Eckd w d k fu"ks/

123- l g; k d k f' kd kj

124-ekr k l kgc nsoka (d kSj ) d k fnYyh i zLFkku

125- l ezkV }kj k cgqewY; uxhuk HksaV

126- / uq fo| k d h i zfr ; ksfxr k d k vk; kst u

127- Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h i j ?kkr d vkØe. k

128- HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h d k fu/ u

129- xzaFk l kgc d ks xq: i noh i znku d h

130- l p[ k. M xeu




88

t hou oÙkkar Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h

eSaus ckY; dky esa Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk t hou orkUr dbZ l zksrksa vFkok

ekè; eksa }kjk i <+k vkSj l quk i jUrq i zR; sd oDrk rFkk ys[ kdksa dh ys[ ku esa fHkUurk gh

feyrhA bl rF; esa okLr fodrk ; g Hkh gks l drh gS fd ' kk; n ; s yksx mudh cgqeq[ kh

i zfrHkk dks vi uh vi uh : fp vuqdwy gh fpf=kr djrs gksaxsA vr% eq>s l Hkh dqN

v/ wjk l k i zrhr gksrkA gka] ; g ckr Hkh Bhd gS fd ,sl h egku foHkwfr ds t hou

pfj=k&fp=k.k ds i z; kl i w.kZr% l Qy dHkh Hkh ugha gks l drs D;ksafd muds fo"k; esa

fy[ kuk vFkok dguk l kxj dks xkxj esa Hkjus ds l eku gksxk t ks dHkh l EHko gh ughaA

vc fofp=k l h fLFkfr gS dqN dg Hkh ugha l drs vkSj dgs fcuk jg Hkh ugha l drsA [ kSj

&&& esjk i z; kl ft Kkl wvksa dks dbZ nf"Vdks.kksa l s muds n'kZu djokuk gS & t Sl s i zHkq

esa vHksn egki q: "k ( l r~xq: )] jkt uhfrK] t juSy ( l suki fr )] dfo ( l kfgR; dkj)]

l kekft d ØkfUrdkjh] l ar&fl i kgh] n"Vneu bR; kfn ds : i esaA

vc ns[ kuk vki us gS fd eSa bl dk; Z esa fdruk l Qy gqvk gw¡A

ys[ kd

t l chj fl a?k

i "B Hkwfe

vkSjaxt s+c cgqr dqfVy rFkk / ekZU/ rk esa pwj (t t wuh) l ezkV Fkk ml us fgUnw

jkt kvksa dh ' kfDr dks l ekIr djus ds fy, ; qfDr l s dke ysuk i zkjEHk dj fn; k vr%

ml us f' kokt h ejkBk dh ' kfDr dks {kh.k djus ds fy, t ks/ i qj ds jkt k jke fl ag dks

egkjk"Vª esa Hkst kA i jUrq jkt k jke fl ag us f' kokt h dks vkSjaxt s+c ds l kFk l af/ djus ds

fy, l ger dj fy; k vkSj ml s vi us l kFk vkSjaxt s+c ds njckj esa fnYyh gkft +j fd; k

fdUrq dqfVy vkSjaxt s+c us ml s cUnh cuk dj dkjkokl esa Mky fn; kA ,d fnu f' kokt h

vi us i q=k ds l kFk feBkbZ ds Vksdjksa esa cSBdj djkokl l s Hkkxus esa l Qy gks x; kA

Hkwfed k




99

f' kokt h dks Hkkxus esa l gk; rk dk vkjksi jke fl ag i j e<+k x; kA bl vkjksi l s NqVdkjk

i zkIr djus ds fy, ml s vkl ke ujs' k pØèot dks i jkft r djus dk dk; Z l kSi k x; kA

pØèot vgkseh dchys l s l EcfU/ r Fkk ft l us l ezkV ' kkg t gk¡ i j fot ; i zkIr djus

ds fy, dbZ i z; kl fd; s Fks i jUrq ml s l Qyrk ugha feyh FkhA var esa l u~ 1638 bZ0 esa

nksuksa i {kksa us ,d l af/ dj yh Fkh t ks l u~ 1663 rd cuh jghA fdUrq 1663 esa ml l af/

rksM+ dj vkSjaxt s+c us mu i j dbZ vkØe.k fd; s ft l esa ml s l Qyrk ugha feyhA var

esa ml us fgUnw dks fgUnw l s ejokus dh ; qfDr vi ukbZ gq, jkt k jke fl ag dks ogk¡

vfHk; ku ds fy, Hkst kA bl vfHk; ku esa jkt k jke fl ag dks pkj gt kj vi us l Sfud ysus

i M+s vkSj Ms<+ gt +kj l Sfud l ezkV us ml s vksj fn; sA jkt k jke fl ag ; g l suk i ; kZIr ugha

l e> jgk Fkk D; ksafd vfHk; ku dfBu Fkk ogka ml l s i gys Hksst s x; s ofj"B l Sfud vf/

dkjh i jkft r gksdj ekjs t k pqds FksA vr% og l Sfud l gk; r k dh vi s{kk

:gkuh(vkè; kfRed) l gk; rk dh bPNk j[ krk FkkA ft l l s l Sfudksa dks eukscy feysA

t c og i Vuk ( l kgc) i gqapk rks ml s ogka i j ekyqe gqvk fd ogka i j xq: ukud nso

t h ds mÙkjkf/ dkjh xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc i zpkj nkSjs i j vk; s gq,s FksaaA og mul s rqjUr

feyk vkSj i zkFkZuk dh fd ¶os ml dh l gk; r ds fy, ml ds l kFk vkl ke pys ft l l s

ml dh l suk dks mudk ekxZ n'kZu feysxk vkSj muds eukscy esa of¼ gksxh bl i zdkj

og ; q¼ esa fot ; h gks l dsxkA

xq:nso i zpkj nkSjs i j FksA mUgksus jkt k jke fl ag dk vuqjks/ Lohdkj dj fy; k

i jUrq mudh t hou l axuh (ekrk) xqt jh t h ml l e; xHkZorh Fkh ft l dkj.k og

dfBu ; k=kkvksa ds ; ksX; ugha FkhA vr% ; g fu.kZ; fd; k x; k fd i fjokj dks i Vuk

(l kgc) esa gh fuokl djus fn; k t k; sA xq:nso us vi us fudV l EcU/ h di ky pUn

rFkk dqN vU; fl D[ kksa dks i fjokj dh ns[ kHkky ds fy, i hNs NksM+ fn; k vkSj Lo; a jkt k

jke fl ag ds l kFk vkl ke py i M+sA

jkt k jke fl ag dh l suk vkl ke ds ?kus t xyksa l s vi fjfpr Fkh vr% jkt k ' kfDr

l Urqyu eas t qV x; k vkSj ml us vi uk f' koj / qcjh uxj esa cuk; kA bl h l e; nkSjku

Jh xq: rsxcgknqj t h dks vi us i fjokj t uksa l s i Vuk ( l kgc) l s l ans'k i zkIr gqvk fd




1010

muds ; gka ,d i q=k us t Ue fy; k gSA bl ' kqHk l ekpkj l s jkt k jke fl ag rFkk xq:nso ds

f' kojksa esa [ kq'kh dh ygj nkSaM+ xbZ vkSj ogka i j / qe&/ ke l s l ekjksg dk vk; kst u fd; k

x; kA xq:nso us l ans'k okgd dks ,d i =k fn; k ft l esa mUgksus vkns'k Hkst k fd f' k' kq dk

uke xksfcUn jk; j[ kk t k, vkSj mudss ykSVus dh i zrh{kk dh t k, vkSj bl chp f' k' kq

ds ykyu i kyu i j è; ku dsfUnzr j[ kk t k; sA

jkt k jke fl ag vkSj vkgkseh dchys ds jkt k pØèot esa yEcs l e; rd ; q¼

pyrk jgk fdUrq dksbZ i fj.kke ugha fudyk var esa xq:nso us mu nksuksa esa ubZ l af/

djok nhA bl l af/ esa nksuksa i {k l Urq"V Fks ft l dkj.k jkt k pØèot us xq: rsxcgknqj

l kgc dks cgqr vknj&l Eeku fn; kA xq:nso us vi us eq[ ; y{; ds vuql kj ogka i j

xq: ukud nso t h ds fl ¼kUrksa dk cgqr i zpkj fd; k] ml ds i ' pkr~ og vkl ke ds

uxjksa l s gksrs gq, ] caxky ds uxjksa esa i zpkj djus esa O; Lr gks x; sA okLro esa os rks i zpkj

nkSjs i j FksA mUgksaus ?kj ykSVus dh bPNk R; kx dj <kdk uxj dks dsUnz cukdj nwj&nwj

rd l sodksa }kjk xq: ukud nso t h dh f' k{kkvksa dk i zpkj fd; kA bl i zdkj yxHkx

<+kbZ o"kZ ds i ' pkr os i zpkj djrs gq, oki l i Vuk ( l kgc) uxj vi us i fjokj ds i kl

i gqaps vkSj mudh vi us i q=k xksfcUn jk; l s i gyh HksaV gqbZA

i zFke vè; k;

i zd k' k

l kgc Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk i zdk'k(t Ue) i kS"k l qnh l Ireh (23 i kS"k)

l aor 1723 fcØeh (22 fnl Ecj l u~ 1666 bZú) dks fcgkj i zkar dh jkt / kuh i Vuk

(l kgc) esa ekrk xqt jh dh dks[ k l s] fi rk Jh xq: rsx cgknqj l kgc t h ds xg esa

gqvkA

i at kc esa ft ys fl jfgUn ds xzke ?kqM+ke esa ,d l wQh Q+dhj Hkh[ ku ' kkg t h ,d

fnu v/ Zjk=kh ds l e; i zHkq pj.kksa esa è; ku eXu Fks rks ml l e; mUgsa vkHkkl gqvk fd




1111

i zHkq l s fnO; T; ksfr i zkIr dj ,d egku foHkwfr ekuo : i / kj.k dj i zdk'keku gks jgh

gSaA mUgksusa rqjUr T; ksfr i qat dh vksj l t nk (eLrd >qdkuk) fd; kA vkSj rRdky

fu.kZ; fy; k fd os ml cky xksfcan : i i jkØeh O; fDr ds nhnkj djus pysxsaA i zkr%

dky t c muds eqjhnksa us mu i j i z'u fd; k] ¶gs! i hj t h vki us v/ Zjk=kh dks l t nk

i zFkk ds vuql kj i f'pe fn'kk dh vksj ugha fd; k cfYd ml ds foi jhr i qoZ fn'kk esa

fd; k gS ,sl k D; ks\ ¸ mÙkj esa i hj t h us dgk] ¶eSa ft l ' kfDr dh vjk/ uk djrk gw¡

og Lo; a ekuo : i esa bl i Foh i j i zdk'keku gks jgh Fkh rks eq>s mudh vksj l t nk

djuk gh FkkA eqjhnksa dh ft Kkl k c<+ xbZ mUgksaus i hj t h l s vuqjks/ fd; k fd mUgsaa Hkh

ml cky xksfcan ds nhnkj djok,A cl fQj D; k Fkk i hj t h us vi uh fnO; nf"V l s ml

LFkku dk i Ùkk yxk; k vkSj eqjhnksa dks ysdj i Vuk ( l kgc) dh r jQ i zLFkku dj x; sA

t c os yksx i Vuk(l kgc) uxj i gqaps rks cky xksfcan ,d ekg l s vf/ d dk gks pqdk

FkkA i hj t h us xq: rsxcgknwj l kgc ds i fjokj dks l ans'k Hkst k fd og i at kc l s cky

xksfcan ds nhnkj djus ds fy; s vk; k gSa vr% ml s nhnkj djok; s t k; sA xq:nso ds

l aEc/ h ekek di ky pUn t h us dqN 'kadk i zdV dh vkSj dg Hkst k fd l nhZ cgqr gS

cky xksfcan vHkh cgqr NksVk gS ?kj l s ckgj ykuk dfBu gSA fdUrq Hkh[ ku ' kkg Q+dhj

t h us dgk fd os rks nhnkj ds Hkq[ ks gSa t c rd mUgsa cky xksfcan ds nhnkj ugha gksrs rc

rd os vUu t y xzg.k ugha djsaxsA bl i j di ky pUn t h us ekrk ukudh t h dks

Q+dhj t h dh gB/ ehZ dh ckr crkbZ vkSj fopkj foe'kZ ds i 'pkr vxys fnu ds fy,

vkus dks dgkA

bl chp Q+dhj t h ds ân~; esa ,d l aDyi mRi Uu gqvk fd og f' k' kq fdl

l ai znk; dk i {k/ j gksxk\ t kuuk pkfg,A mUgksaus nks NksVs dqYgM+ fy, ] ,d esa nw/ vkSj

nwl js es i kuh fy; k] eu esa ; g / kj.kk cukbZ fd ; fn f' k' kq nw/ okys dqYgM+ dks Li ' kZ

djsxk rks og fgUnw l Ei znk; dh i {k/ j gksxk vU; kFkk eqfLye l ei znk; dkA

t c os vxys fnu cky xksfcan ds n'kZuksa dks i gqaps rks ekek di ky pUn t h us

mudks cky xksfcan ds n'kZu djok,A cky xksfcan us rqjUr dEacy l s nksuksa gkFk ckgj

fudky dj mu nksuksa dqYgM+ksa i j / j fn; s t ks Q+dhj Hkh[ ku ' kkg t h cky xksfcan ds




1212

l Eeq[ k i zLrqr dj jgs FksA ; g ns[ kdj Hkh[ ku ' kkg us cky xksfcan dks M.Mor i z.kke

fd; k vkSj t ku fy; k fd cky xksfcan : i esa i jkØeh i q: "k] dsoy ekuork dk

i {k/ j gksxk ml ds fy, l Ei znk; ksa dk dksbZ egÙo ugha gksxk vkSj os oki l ykSV x; sA

ckY; d ky

Jh xq: ukud nso t h vi us i gys i zpkj nkSjs ds var jxr i Vuk ( l kgc) uxj

vk; s Fks vkSj mUgksaus l kyl jk; t kSgjh dks i Vuk ( l kgc) {ks=k dk i zpkjd fu; qDr fd; k

FkkA l kyl jk; us vi us t hou ds vafre fnukssa esa vi uh gosyh dks / eZ'kkyk esa i jofrZr

dj fn; k ft l esa i zfr fnu l Rl ax gksus yxkA ml h gosyh esa Jh xq: rsx cgknqj l kgc ds

; gka i q=k t Ue gqvk gSA ; g l ekpkj t axy dh vkx dh r jg pkjksa vksj i Vuk ( l kgc)

uxj esa QSy x; kA uxjokl h] nknh eka ukudh t h rFkk ekek di ky pan t h dks c/ kbZ; ka

nsus meM+ i M+sA ekrk xqt jh t h vfr i zl Uu Fkh vr% mudk l adsr i krs gh fl D[ kksa us [ kwc

feBkb; ka ckaVh vkSj l Hkh vH; kxrksa dks nku fn; kA rnksi jkar ,d fo'ks"k l sod dks ,d

i =k nsdj xq:nso dks l ans'k nsus gsrq vkl ke Hkst k x; k fd mu ds ; gka ,d i q=k us t Ue

fy; k gSA mÙkj esa xq:nso t h us l ans'k Hkst k fd ckyd dk uke xksfcUn jk; j[ kk t k; sa

vkSj ml ds ykyu i kyu i j è; ku dsfUnzr j[ kk t k; s D; ksafd mUgsaa ykSVus esa nsjh gks

l drh gSaA

yxHkx <+kbZ o"kZ i 'pkr~ xq:nso vkl ke&caxky l s ykSV vk; s vkSj mUgksaus i gyh

ckj vi us ckyd xksfcUn jk; dks vi us vkfyaxu esa fy; k vkSj i zHkq dks / U; okn fn; kA

xq: t h dqN fnu i Vus ( l kgc) esa Bgjs jgs i jUrq t Ynh gh i at kc ykSV x; s D; ksafd os

i at kc esa ek[ kksoky uked {ks=k esa ,d u; k uxj cl kus dk dk; Z i zkjEHk dj pqds Fks

ft l s l Ei w.kZ djuk FkkA oki l t krs l e; l sodksa vkSj ekek di ky pUn t h dks vkns'k

ns x; s fd os ogka i j i Vuk(l kgc) cky xksfcan rFkk i fjokj dh ns[ kHkky djsa] mi ; qDr

l e; vkus i j os Lo;a mu l Hkh dks i at kc cqyk ysxsA

Jh xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc ds l i q=k ds t Ue LFky] ( l kyl jk; dh gosyh) dks

LFkkuh; l axr us ,d HkO; Hkou esa i fjofrZr dj fn; kA




1313

/ hjs&/ hjs cky xksfcan dk fodkl gqvk vkSj os vi uh vk; q ds cPpksa ds l kFk

[ ksyus yxsA fdUrq rhu&pkj o"kZ dh vk; q ds cPpksa esa xksfcUn jk; vuks[ ksa [ ksy gh

[ ksyrsA os vf/ dka'k xaxk ds fdukjs jsr ds eSnku esa [ ksyuk i l an djrsA os ogka i j cPpksa

dh Vksfy; ka cukdj eYy ; q¼ djrs vFkok ,d nwl js dks i jkft r dj ; q¼ dk vH; kl

djrs] bl i zdkj xksfcUn jk; l Sno uk; d dh Hkwfedk esa gksrs ckdh cPpsa muds vkns'k

vuql kj dk; Zjr jgrsA

; wa rks ckyd l Hkh papy&pi y gksrs gSa i jUrq xksfcUn jk; dh cky&l qyHk

'kjkjrs vuks[ kh FkhA budh l Hkh fØM+kvksa esa dksbZ u dksbZ jgL; vo' ; gh fNi k jgrk

FkkA

ogha eqgYys esa ,d dqvka FkkA ml dk i kuh ehBk vkSj Lokfn"V gksus ds dkj.k

nwj&nwj l s fL=k; ka i kuh Hkjus vkrh FkhA xksfcUn jk; t c ckydks ds l kFk [ ksyus fudyrs

rks os vf/ dka'k l e; ckx&cxhpksa esa Qy&Qwy rksM+us esa O; Lr jgrsA Qyksa dk Å¡ps

i M+ksa i j gksuk muds fy, l eL; k gksrhA bl dk; Z dks l gt esa l qy>k ysus ds fy,A cPpksa

us feydj xqysy dk fuekZ.k dj fu'kkuk yxkus dk vH; kl i zkjEHk dj fn; kA fQj D; k

Fkk cPpksa dks ubZ&ubZ ' kjkjrsa l q>rha os vki l esa ' kjrsa yxkrs] fd fdl dk fu'kkuk

vpwd gS cl bl h chp mUgksusa i u?kV dh fL=k;ksa ds ,d ?kM+s dks fu'kkuk cuk MkykA ?kM+k

QwV x; kA os fL=k; ka fcxM+ xbZa vkSj yxh xkfy; ka nsusA cPpksa dks mudh xkfy; ksa esa

vkUun vkus yxkA bl r jg os vkSj papy gks x; sA t Sl s gh fL=k; ka i kuh Hkj dj ?kj dks

ykSVrha] rc cPps fNi dj xqysy l s mu ds ?kM+ks dks fu'kkuk cuk nsrs ft l l s ?kM+s es fNnz

gks t krk vkSj i kuh dh / kjk cg fudyrh] ft l s ns[ k cPpsa [ kqc [ kq'k gksdj ukpusa yxrsA

bl i j i fugkjus NVi Vkrha vksj cPpksa dk i hNk djrhaA i jUrq cPps Hkkx t krs] bl

i zdkj ; g Nqi k&Nqi h dk [ ksy pyrk jgrkA ,d fnu mu fL=k; ksa us ekrk xqt jh t h

rFkk nknh eka ukudh t h dks f' kdk; r dh fd mudk csVk xksfcUn jk; cPpksa l s feydj

mudss ?kM+s QksM+ nsrk gSaA bl i j ekrk t h us mu i fugkfju fL=k; ksa dks l kaRouk nsrs gq,

i hry dh xkxjs ysdj ns nh fdUrq xksfcUn jk; t h dks rks fu'kkuk yxkus vkSj i ugkfjuksa

dks l rkus esa vkUun feyrk FkkA os / uq"k&ck.k cukdj ys vk; s Fks vkSj fNi dj i hry




1414

dh xkxjksa esa fu'kkuk l k/ us yxs FksaA xksfcUn jk; dk fu'kku ckdh cPpksa dh vi s{kk

vpwd gksrk ft l l s i hry dh xkxjkssa esa Hkh fNnz gks t krs vkSj i kuh / kjk cudj i zokfgr

gks t krkA i fugkjus fQj feydj ekrk t h dks f' kdk; r djus vkbZ fd mudk yky

cgqr uV[ kV gS ekurk gh ugha vkSj mUgsaa l rkus esa ml s vkUun feyrk gSaA ekrk t h rFkk

nknh eka us ckyd xksfcUn jk; dks [ kwc l e>; k fd i fugkfjuksa dks l rkuk Bhd ugha] rks

mÙkj esa xksfcUn jk; dgrs& fd o rks mu dh xkxjs ugha Nsduk pkgrs i jUrq os gh

ml s fp<+krh gSa vkSj dgrh gSa yks QksM+ys ?kM+k mUgsa rks i hry dh xkxj feysxhA bl i j

ekrk t h xEHkhj gks xbZ vkSj mUgksaus l eL; k dk dksbZ gy u i kdj i zHkq pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk

dh fd ml dq,a dk i kuh [ kkjk gks t kuk pkfg,A i zkFkZuk Lohdkj gqbZ i kuh [ kkjk gks x; kA

i kuh [ kkjk gks t kus ds dkj.k i fugkfj; ksa us vkuk cUn dj fn; k ft l l s Lo; a gh l eL; k

dk l ek/ ku gks x; kA

,d fnu ,d J¼kyq i q: "k us ,d Lo.kZ ds daxuksa dk t ksM+k ckyd xksfcUn jk;

ds fy, nknh eka ukudh t h dks HksaV esa fn; k t ks ml h l e; mudks i fguk fn; s x; sA bl

i ' pkr ,d fnu xksfcUn jk; t h us vU; ckydksa ds gkFkksa esa daxu u i kdj Lo; a ds

daxuksa dks O; FkZ t kuk vkSj xaxk fdukjs [ ksyus pys x; sA [ ksyrs&[ ksyrs l Hkh cPps xaxk

esa i RFkj&dadj vkfn t ksj l s Qsadus yxsA rc xksfcUn jk; t h us vi us gkFkksa dk ,d

daxu mÙkkj dj t ksj l s xaxk esa Qsad fn; kA ?kj ykSVus i j ekrk xqt jh t h rFkk nknh

eka ukudh t h us xksfcUn jk; dk ,d gkFk dk dax+u u i kdj i z'u fd; k ¶csVk daxu

dgka gS\ ¸ bl i j xksfcUn jk; t h us l gt esa mÙkj fn; k] ¶xaxk ?kkV i j ' kfDr i jh{k.k

esa daxu l s fu' kkuk l k/ k FkkA rc ekrk t h xksfcUn jk; l s : "V gqbZ i jUrq muds

vuks[ ks vankt dks ns[ k vkRek foHkksj gksus yxh vkSj nksckjk i wNk] ¶og LFkku crk l drs

gks t gka rqeus daxu Qsadk gS bl i j xksfcUn jk; dgus yxs] ¶gka! D;ks ugha] esjs l kFk

pyks] vHkh crk nsrk gwaA bl i j ekrk t h us vi us l kFk xksrk[ kksj fy; s vkSj xaxk ?kkV

i j i gqapsA t c xksrk [ kksj i kuh esa mr js rks xksfcUn jk; us nwl jk daxu gkFk l s mrkjdj

ekrk t h dks fn[ kk; k vkSj ml s i wjh ' kfDr ds l kFk i kuh esa ogha Qsadk t gka i gyk daxu

Qsadk Fkk vkSj cksys] ¶ns[ kks! ekrk t h eSaus daxu ogka Qsadk FkkA ; g papYrk ns[ kdj

ekrk t h eqLdjk nha vkSj xksrk [ kksjks dks oki l cqyk fy; kA




1515

i f. Mr f' konÙk t h

xksfcUn jk; vi uh vk; q ds cPpksa ds l kFk i zk; % xaxk fdukjs gh [ ksyrs FksA eq[ ;

?kkV i j vH; kxrksa vFkok l k/ q&l arks dk Hkh vkokxeu cuk jgrk FkkA ml ?kkV ds

fudV] ,d ,dkar LFkku i j ,d o{k ds uhps ,d jke&HkDr i f.M+r f' konr t h Hkh

fuR; i zfr vkl u t ekrs FksA os i f.M+r t h T; ksfr"k fo| k es i jaxr Fks vr% buds i kl

Hkh ft Kkl w vkrs t krs jgrs Fks vkSj budh t hfodk J¼kyqvksa dh nf{k.kk l s pyrh FkhA

l aè; k l e; t c i f.M+r t h vodk'k i krs rks i wt k&vpZuk esa O; l r gks t krsA i f.Mr t h

vi us l e{k jke t h dh ,d ewfrZ j[ krs vkSj ml dks yMwvksa dk i zl kn HksV+ p<+krs vkSj

eu esa i zk; % fopkj djrs] fd ml s Hkxoku dh i wt k djrs gq, vusd o"kZ xqt j pqds gSaA

i jUrq Hkxoku us i zR; {k n'kZu nsus dk d"V rd ugha fd; kA bl i j os i fo=k ân; l s

cky : i eksfguh eqfrZ jke pUn rFkk y{e.k bR; kfn HkkbZ; ksa dks ; kn dj us=k nzfor dj

ysrs vkSj bl i zdkj og è; ku eXu gks t krsA ,d fnu mu dh vjk/ uk jax ykbZA cky

xksfcUn rFkk vU; ckyd [ ksyrs&[ ksyrs ogha vk x; s vkSj mUgksus pqi ds l s i f.Mr t h

ds vkxs l s yMwvksa dk fi Vkjk mBk; k vkSj l Hkh cPpksa us vki l esa ckaV fy; kA t Sl s gh

cPpksa dh pgpgkV i f.Mr t h us l quh og l ko/ ku gq, fdUrq cPps ogka [ kkyh fi Vkjh

NksM+ gqM+nax epkrs py fn; sA i f.Mr t h muds i hNs Hkkxs fdUrq os l c Nq ea=k gks x; sA

i f.Mr t h mudks foLe; fLFkfr esa ns[ krs gh jg x; sA vxys fnu i f.Mr t h i qu% fuR;

deZ vuql kj fQj Hkxoku ds n'kZuksa dh vfHkyk"kk fy, i zkFkZuk esa yhu gks x; s rHkh

xksfcUn jk; fQj vi uh Vksyh ds l kFk vk x; s vkSj fQj feBkbZ dh fi Vkjh mBk yhA

rHkh i f.Mr t h dh l ekf/ Hkax gqbZ og yxs NVi Vkus vkSj mUgksus cPpksa dks MkV yxkbZ

fdUrq xksfcUn jk; cksys ¶Lo; a gh ; kn djrs gks vkSj cqykrs gksA t c ge vkrs gS rks

fr jLdj i woZd O; ogkj djrs gksA i f.Mr t h us cky xksfcUn dks è; ku i woZd ns[ kk rks

mudks vpEHkk gqvk muds l keus xksfcUn] jke : i esa i fj.kr gks x,A mUgsa xksfcUn eas

jke ds n'kZu gksus yxsA os i je vkuan ds jl esa l jkcksj gks x,A v¡k[ k >i dh] rks fQj

ogha ckyd xksfcUn dh eqLdjkrh Nfo l keus FkhA i f.Mr J¼k l s Hkjdj nzfor us=kksa l s

xn~xn~ gksdj] ureLrd gks ckj&ckj i z.kke djus yxkA




1616

xksfcUn j k; d h fuHkhZd r k

,d fnu i Vuk ( l kgc) uxj ds eq[ ; ckt kj esa LFkkuh; uokc dh l okjh

xqt juh FkhA mu fnuksa dh i jEi jk vuql kj vkxs&vkxs uxkM+ph Å¡ps Loj esa fpYyk jgk

Fkk & ck&bTt r ] ck&eqykfgt k gksf' k; kj i Vuk ( l kgc) ds uokc l kgc r ' kjhQ yk

jgs gSaA ; g okD; l qurs gh LFkkuh; yksx vi us&vi us LFkku i j i afDrc¼ gksdj fl j

>qdk i z.kke djus dh eqnzk esa [ kM+s gks x; sA fdUrq xksfcUn jk; dks ; g l c cgqr fofp=k

l k yxk fd t u&l k/ kj.k ,d O; fDr fo'ks"k ds l Eeku esa vdkj.k ur&eLrd gks

i jk/ hurk i zdV djsa mUgkssaus rqjUr vki us l kFkh cPpksa dks bl ds foi jhr ØhM+k djus dk

funsZ'k fn; kA rc D;k Fkk] l Hkh ckyd vax&j{kdks dk eqag fp<+kus yxs vkSj mudk

i fjgkl djrs gq, Å/ e epkus yxsA t c mudks vax&j{kd i dM+us nkSM+s rks os

b/ j&Å/ j Hkkx x; sA

uokc jghe c[ ' k us i qNrkN dh fd os ckyd dkSu Fks\ D; ksafd i gys dHkh

,sl k ugha gqvk Fkk fd dksbZ O; fDr vFkok ckyd vuds vax j{kdks dh vogsyuk djs

vkSj mudks pqukSrh nsA t c ml s Kkr gqvk fd mu ckydksa dh vxqokbZ xq: rsx cgknqj

t h dk l qi q=k xksfcUn jk; dj jgk gS rks og mudh fuHk; Zrk ds dkj.k J¼k esa vk x; k

vkSj ml us og mi ou (l qUnj okfVdk) xq: ?kj dks l efi Zr dj fn; k ft l esa dqN o"kZ

i qoZ xq: rsx cgknqj t h us foJke fd; k FkkA

l ksHkX; or h j kuh fo' oEHkjk

eS.kh xks=k&[ k=kh t kxhjnkj] jkt k mi kf/ l s foHkqf"kr Qrsg pUn] i Vuk ( l kgc)

uxj dh ?kuh vkcknh esa ,d fo'ks"k gosyh esa fuokl djrs FksA i zHkq dk fn; k buds i kl

l Hkh dqN Fkk i jUrq l Urku l q[ k ugha FkkA mudh i Ruh jkuh fo'oEHkjk cl bl h fpUrk

esa [ kksbZ jgrh FkhA t c og ckyd xksfcUn jk; dks vU; cPpksa ds l kFk [ ksy&dqn esa

O; Lr ns[ krh rks ml dk eu Hkj vkrk vkSj ml ds gn; esa eerk vxaMkb; ka ysus yxrh

i jUrq og l kgl ugha cVksj i krh Fkh fd xkfcUn jk; dks vi us vkaxu es cqyk; sA fdUrq




1717

ml ds ân; esa xksfcUn jk; dh eksfguh eqfrZ mrjrh gh t krh Fkh og u pkg dj Hkh

xkfcUn jk; dh vksj f[ kph pyh t krhA xksfcUn jk; dk vkd"kZ.k ml dh eerk dh Hkw[ k

dks vksj mHkkjrk jgrkA vr% og eka cuus ds mi k; sa [ kkst us esa] ,d fnu vi us i fr

jkt k QrsgpUn dks l kFk ysdj xaxk ds ?kkV i j i f.Mr f' ko nÙk ds i kl i gqaphA

fo'oEHkjk us vi uh n;uh; O; Fkk i f.Mr t h dks l qukbZ vkSj dgk&fd os T; ksfr"k fo| k

ds egku~ Kkrk gS os dI; k crk; s fd ml dks dks[ k dc gjh gksxhA i f.Mr t h us cgqr

è; ku i qoZd jkuh t h dk gkFk ns[ kk vkSj Hkfo"; i <+k vkSj crk; k fd ml ds HkkX; esa

l arku l q[ k ugha gSaA bl i j jkuh t h : nu djus yxhA n; k nf"V l s i fji q.kZ i f.Mr t h

cksys gka ,d mi k; gS ; fn xq: ukud nso t h ds uksosa mÙkjkf/ dkjh rsxcgknqj t h ds

i q=k xksfcUn jk; ] t ks fd vHkh uUgha vk; q ds gS vki dh i zkFkZuk l qu ysrs gS rks vki dks

i q=k i zkfIr dk ojnku fey l drk gS D; ksafd og cky : i esa i w.kZi q: "k gSaA ;g l qudj

jkt k Qrsg pUn us i z'u fd; k fd mudkss dSl s vuqHko gqvk fd og ckyd i jkØeh

ckyd gSaA mÙkj esa i afM+r t h us dgk & fd os rks t kurs gSa fd os ' kq¼ jke HkDr gSaA

os t c&t c jke pUn t h dh vjk/ uk eSa cSBrk gSa rks ; gh uV[ kV ckyd mudss è; ku

esa jke : i gks i zdV gks t krk gSA vr% og ckyd ugha] ml dss fy, l k{kkr~ i je i q: "kksre

jke gh gSA

rc jkuh fo'oEHkjk us i f.Mr t h dh ckr dk l eFkZu fd; k vkSj dgk i f.Mr

t h fcydqy Bhd dgrs gSa og ckyd xksfcan jk; dksbZ fnO; T; ksfr gSaA

bl i zdkj ; g nEi fr ubZ maex ysdj ?kj ykSV vkbZA

jkuh fo'oEHkjk eu gh eu xksfcUn jk; dh Nfo dk è; ku dj vkRe&foHkksj

gksus yxhA ,d fnu ml us fo'ks"k : i esa eu ,dkxj dj i zHkq pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk i zkjEHk dj

nhA rHkh ml ds dkuksa esa e/ qj Loj xqat k eka&eka eq>s Hkw[ k yxh gS vkSj nks uUgha ckgsa

ml ds xys esa Mkys vkfyxau djrs gq, xksfcUn jk; cksys eka eSa vk x; k gw¡ vk¡[ ks [ kksyks

vkSj i yd >i drs gh os ml dh xksnh esa t k cSBsA jkuh fo'oEHkjk vi uh dYi uk l kdkj

gksrs ns[ kdj gf"kZr gks mBhA ml dk jkse&jkse ekrÙo l s i qyfdr gks x; kA ml s ,sgl kl

gqvk og fpj fl afpr dkeuk i k xbZ gSA ml us xkfcUn dks vi us o{k l s yxk; k vkSj I; kj




1818

esa rYyhu gks xbZA ml ds us=k esa Lusg Hkjh vkal w / kjk cg fudyhA ml s dqN gks'k vkbZ

rks xksfcUn jk; dk efLr "d pwek vkSj I; kj l s l ksgjkus yxhA fQj i wNk csVk D; k [ kkvksxs

vHkh rS; kj fd; s nsrh gw¡ mÙkj esa xksfcUn jk; us dgk&eka vki us t ks jl ksbZ esa rS;kj j[ kk

gS ogh i wjh&pus Bhd jgsxsaA vc ekrk dks vk'p; Z gqvk fd mUgsa dSl sa ekyqe fd ml uss

vkt i wfj; ka&pus cuk;s gSaA mÙkj esa xksfcUn jk; dgus yxs fd mUgsa mu i Dokuksa dh

l qxU/ t ks vk jgh gSaA t Sl s gh ekrk t h i doku ysus jl ksbZ esa xbZA oSl s gh xksfcUn jk;

us ckgj vkaxu esa [ kM+s cPpksa dks l adsr l s Hkhr j cqyk fy; kA cPpsa Å¼e epkus yxsA

ekrk fo'oEHkjk dh gosyh esa ,d NksVk l k ckx Hkh Fkk ft l esa Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds

Qy l e; vuql kj yxrs jgrs FksA mu fnuksa ve:n rFkk caj dk ekSl e Fkk ft l s cPps

fu'kkuk l k/ dj xqysy vFkok rhj l s rksM+us dh dyk es O; Lr jgrs FksA vkt l at ksx l s

xksfcUn jk; vi uh fe=k e.Myh ds l kFk ogka vk fudys vkSj vjk/ uk esa yhu eka dh

xksnh esa t k fojkt sA

rHkh ekrk i wjh; k¡&pus ykbZ vkSj l Hkh cPpksa esa ckaV fn; kA xksfcUn jk; us ekrk

t h l s dgk & eka vki fpUrk u djsa eSa vki dk i q=k gwaA eSa i zfr fnu vki ds i kl vkrk

jgwxkaA vkSj og vU; ckydksa ds l kFk vkeksn&i zeksn djrs xaxk fdukjs dh vksj pys

x; s vkSj eka mudk vykSfdd l kSan;Z fugkjrh gh jg xbZA

Jh xq: rsx cgknqj l kgc dks i at kc x; s cgqr yEck l e; gksus i j ckyd

xksfcUn jk; t h dks fi rk t h dh ; kn l rkus yxh os t c Hkh ?kj yksVrs ekrk t h l s i z'u

djrs& ekrk t h vc rks cgqr fnu gks x; s gSa fi rk t h dk dksbZ l ans'k ugha vk; k os gesa

dc oki l cqyk jgs gSa\ bl i j ekrk xqt jh t h vFkok nknh eka ukudh t h dg nsrh csVk

rqEgkjs fi rk t h u; k uxj cl kus esa O; Lr gS t Sl s gh l Hkh dk; Z l Ei u gks t k,axs os rqjUr

vi us i kl cqyk ysxsaA bl chp xq:nso dh vksj l s l e; &l e; i j i =k vkrs jgrs i jUrq

mu esa dqN l e; vksj i zfr {kk djus dks dgk t krk bl i zdkj ckyd xksfcUn jk; dh

vk; q yxHkx N% o"kZ gksus yxh rks mudks i at kc l s fi rk t h dk i =k i zkIr gqvk fd os

l c l sodksa l fgr i at kc yksV vk; sA

ekek di ky pUn t h us l Hkh l sodksa dks vkns'k fn; k fd ¶rS; kjh dh t k; s




1919

D; ksafd os i at kc t k jgs gSaA ; g l ekpkj QSyrs gh xq:nso dk i fjokj i at kc t k jgk

gS jkuh fo'oEHkjk rFkk ml dk i fr QrsgpUn fo; ksx ds ,gl kl esa :nu djus yxsA

rHkh ckyd xksfcUn jk; fuR; dh r jg vkdj ekrk fo'oEHkjk dh xksnh esa cSB x; s

vksj cksys ¶eka] rw esjs fy, bruh D; ksa cspSu gS\ eSa rq> l s vyx dHkh Hkh ugha gks

l drk] eSa rks rsjs ân; ] eu] efLr"kd ds dksus&dksus esa jek jgw¡xkA eka bl l al kj esa eq>s

cgqrsjs dk; Z djus gSaA nq[ kh ekuork dk m¼kj djuk gS] bl fy, eSa t k jgka gwaA rw fpUrk

u djA eka xn~&xn~ gksdj vkal w cgkus yxh vkSj csVs xksfcUn jk; dk l qUnj eq[ k pwerh

I; kj djrh cksyh ¶csVk xksfcUn] eq> l s jgk ugha t k,xkA eSa t h ugha l dwaxhA ;g l qudj

xksfcUn jk; Hkh nzfor us=kksa l s eka ds xys fyi V x; s vkSj cksys&eka rw fo'okl j[ k eSa

fuR; rsjs vkaxu esa ckydks dh e.Myh l fgr vk; k d:xka vkSj mUgha esa rw eq>s i k,axhA

bl i zdkj jkuh fo'oEHkjk vk'oLr gks xbZ vkSj xksfcUn jk; i at kc ds fy, i zLFkku dj

x; saA

xq: i fj okj d h i at kc oki l h

t c xq: rsx cgknqj t h dk l kjk i fjokj i Vuk ( l kgc) l s pyk rks i Vuk

(l kgc) dh l axr Hkh l kFk gh meM+ i M+hA cgqr l e>kus i j os yksx 14 dksl nwj nkuki qj

l s oki l fonk gq,A ogka i j ,d o¼ ekrk us Lusg Hkjs gn; l s xksfcUn jk; dks f[ kpM+h

cukdj f[ kykbZA ogka i j vkt ekrk dh ; kn esa gkM+h l kgc uked / eZ'kkyk gSA dqN o"kZ

i qoZ xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc Hkh bl h ekxZ l s i zpkj djrs gq, i Vus l s gksrs gq, i at kc x; s FksA

vr% jkLrs esa t ks Hkh cM+s uxj Fks mu uxjksa esa i gys l s gh xq: ?kj ds J¼kyqvks dh cgqr

fo'kky l a[ ; k Fkh bl fy, t c uxj okfl ; kass dks Kkr gksrk fd xq:nso dk i fjokj oki l

i at kc t k jgk gS rks os J¼ko'k ogka dqN fnu Bgjus dks ckè; djrs vkSj ckyd

xksfcUn jk; ds n'kZuksa ds fy, l axr meM+ i M+rhA ogka nhoku dk vk; kst u fd; k t krk

vkSj dhrZu dFkk dk i zokg pyrkA nkuki qj {ks=k esa HkDr fxfj uke ds ,d fl [ k Fks t ks

xqjefr dk i zpkj fd; k djrs FksA os i gys cks¼ l aU;kl h (fHk{kqd) gqvk djrs FksA fdUrq

xq: gfjjk; l kgc t h l s fl D[ kh / kj.k djds fl [ k / eZ ds i zpkj esa yhu gks x; s FksA os




2020

Hkh xq: i fjokj dk Lokxr djus ds fy, i gaqpsA bl i zdkj nkuki qj l s vk, ] Mqejk vkSj

cdl j vkfn fBdkuksa i j Bgjrs gq, xq:&i fjokj NksVs fejt +ki qj i gqapkA ogka i j xq: dh

fl D[ kh dkQ+h QSyh gqbZ FkhA l axr esa cM+k mRl kg FkkA vr% mUgksus vkxzg fd; k fd os

dqN fnu os mUgsa Hkh l sok dk vol j i znku djsa vkSj l Rl ax l s mUgsa drkFkZ djsaA ekek

di ky pUn t h l axr dks cgqr eku nsrs FksA vr% os l axr ds vkxzg i j rhu fnu ogh

l aRl x }kjk LFkkuh; t urk dks fugky djrs jgsaA rn~ i ' pkr xq: i fjokj pydj cukjl

(dka'kh) i gqapkA ogka fl D[ kksa dh Hkkjh l a[ ; k FkhA HkkbZ t osgjh ey t h ogha i j fl D[ kh

dk i zpkj djrs FksA os n'kZuksa dks vk,A ogha i j t kSui qj dh l axr Hkh n'kZu dks vk xbZA

t kSui qj esa HkkbZ xqjc[ ' k t h el an xqjefr i zpkj dh l sok fuHkk jgs FksA bl i zdkj xq:

i fjokj uxj&uxj i M+ko djrk bykgkckn(i z; kx) vk; ksè; k] y[ kuÅ vkfn LFkkuksa i j

i gqapkA fdUrq t Sl s t Sl s fudV ds uxjks esa l ans'k i gqaprk fd xq: i fjokj i at kc t k jgk

gS rks ogka dh l axr ds i zfr fuf/ fourh djus i gqap t krs fd xq: i fjokj muds Hkh uxj

vo' ; i / kjsa D; ksafd xq:nso ds l kgct +kns ds n'kZuksa dks l axr yykbZr jgrh gSaA l axr

ds Lusg dks ns[ krs gq, ekek t h us fu.kZ; fy; k fd mUgksusa l axr dk vuqjk/ Lohdkj

djuk gS Hkys gh mUgsa l e; vf/ d yxs vFkok jkLrk yEck gksA

bl i zdkj xq: i fjokj I; kj dk ck/ k l axr ds vuqjks/ i j dkui qj i gqap x; k

ogka i j l axr dks drkFkZ djrs gq, czgkzojr ] cuqj] vkxjk] eFkqjk gksrs gq, vk,A

i hyhHkhr vkSj ukud erkas ds fuokl h vi us i zfr fuf/ }kjk vuqjks/ djus esa l Qy gks

x; s fd xq: i fjokj muds uxj esa l s gksdj t k,A ekek di ky pUn t h fnYyh gkssdj

l h/ k i at kc t kuk pkgrs Fks fdUrq l axr dk vuqjks/ mUgksaus Lohdkj fd; k vkSj l Hkh

LFkkuksa i j i gq¡p dj gfj; ' k djrs gq, i at kc ykSVus dk dk;ZØe fuf'pr dj fy; kA

fQj / hjs&/ hjs gfj}kj]vEckyk ft ys ds dLcs y[ kukSj ( l kgc) i gqaps ogka vkuani qj

( l kgc) l s xq: rsxcgknwj t h dh r jQ l s ekrk ukudh t h dks l ans'k feyk fd i fjokj

dqN fnu y[ kukSj ( l kgc) esa gh i M+ko MkysA os mfpr l e; ns[ kdj mudkss vkuani qj

( l kgc) vkus dk vkns'k Hkst saxsA

ekek di ky pUn t h us xq:nso dh vkKk vuql kj y[ kukSj ( l kgc) esa gh Msjk




2121

Mky fn; kA ogka i j t sBk uked xq: dk ,d el an(i zpkfjd)jgrk FkkA ml s xq:

rsxcgknwj l kgc t h dh vkKk feyh Fkh fd og l kgct knk vkSj i fjokj dks vHkh

y[ kukSj ( l kgc) esa gh j[ ksA bl h i zseh HkkbZ t sBk us xq: i fjokj dss Bgjus dk vknj

l Eeku Hkjk i zca/ fd; kA ogka i j mudks ?kj t Sl h l q[ k&l qfo/ k; sa i znku dh vkl i kl ds

xkao ds fl D[ k rFkk LFkkuh; t urk J¼k HkfDr l s n'kZuksa dks vkus yxhA l ka> vkSj

i zkr%dky dhrZu&nhoku vkfn vk; ksft r gksus yxsA l kjk fnu pgy&i gy yxh jgrhA

xksfcUn jk; t h ?kksM+ l kokjh djrs] ckyd bDV~Bs djds] rhj vankt h ds [ ksy [ ksys

t krsA bl i zdkj fnu O; rhr gksus yxsA ogka i j vankt u l Hkh dqvksa dk t y [ kkjk FkkA

yksx ehBas t y ds fy, dksl ks i Sny pyrs FksA yksxksa dk d"V ns[ kdj ,d fnu ekrk

xqt jh t h us ,d fo'ks"k LFkku pqudj ogka i j dqavk [ kksnus dk vkns'k fn; kA t Sl s gh

et nwjksa us LFkku [ kksnk rks uhps l s ,d i zkphu dky l s nck gqvk dqavk fudykA bl i j

l s feV~Vh gVkbZ xbZ rks bl esa l s i zHkq di k l s ehBk t y i zkIr gqvkA bl dqa, dk uke ogka

dh t urk us ekrk t h ds uke i j gh j[ k fn; kA

i hj vkjQnhu t h

,d fnu ckyd xksfcUn jk; vi uh vk; q ds cPpksa ds l kFk [ ksy jgs Fks fd rHkh

ogka l s ,d i hj t h dh l okjh fudyh ft u dk uke vkjQnhu FkkA mUgksaus xqt jrs l e;

vki dks i gpku fy; kA og rqjUr i kydh esa l s uhps mÙkjsA muds l kFk muds eqjhnksa dh

HkhM+ FkhA i hj vkjQnhu] xksfcUn jk; t h ds i kl vk; s vkSj pj.k canuk (fl t nk) djus

yxsA xksfcUn jk; t h dk efLr"d fnO; T; ksfr l s l q'kksfHkr gks jgk FkkA ml us Lrqfr esa

okg&okg mPpkj.k fd; k vkSj n'kZu&nhnkj djds vi us dks / U; ekuus yxsA fQj

gkFkt ksM+dj vki dks ,d vksj ys t kdj dgk & fd ml i j Hkh os di k nf"V djsa vkSj

opu ysdj fonk yhA t gka rd xksfcUn jk; fn[ kkbZ i M+rs jgs ogka rd os i Sny x; s vkSj

fQj i kydh i j cSBdj vi uh jkg pys x; sA vkJe ds eqjhnksa esa ,d us mul s i z'u

fd; k fd os xSj eqfLye ds vkxs D; ksa >qds\ dI; k bl ckr dk jgL; crk, ! t cfd

os Lo; a [ kqnk i zl r ' kjg okys egku i hj gS\ bl i j i hj vkjQnhu t h cksys fd os




2222

LokHkkfod vnc esa Hkj x; s FksA ; g l Pph ckr gS fd t ks dqN mUgksauss ns[ kk gS ogha l quk

jgk gw¡ %& dHkh&dHkh t c osa varè;kZu gksdj l ekf/ fLFkr gqvk djrs gSa vkSj njxkg

esa i gaqp cukrs gSaA rks mUgsa ogh ckyd uwjkuh&t kek i gus t xexkrk gqvk vuqHko gksrk

gS ft l s : gkuh uwj gh uwj QSyrk py t k jgk gSaA vkSj ft l dk t yky (rst Lo) l gu

ugha gks i k jgk gksA mudh i gqap vYykg dh fudVrk esa gSaA eSaus ml s ogka ns[ kk gS vkSj

vkt ; gka : c: ( i zR; {k) ns[ kdj beku yk; k gw¡ D; ksafd vYykg us ml s Lo; a Hkst k gSaA

; gha dqi zÚ&t qYe feVk; sxkA bl fy, rqe l c vnc esa vkvksA

y[ kukSj dLcs esa xq:nso ds i fjokj dks jgrs yxHkx nks ekg O; rhr gks x; s rc

Jh xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc us mudks u; s uxj vkuani qj ( l kgc) esa vkus dk vkns'k Hkst kA

bl vrajky esa xq: t h us vki us i fjokj rFkk l kgct kns ds vkxeu ds fy, Lokxr dh

rS; kfj; ka l Ei w.kZ dj yh FkhA vc xksfcUn jk; t h dh vk; q yxHkx 7 o"kZ dh gks pqdh

FkhA i fjokj y[ kukSj l s pydj jk.kksa ekt jk] dykSM+] jksi M+ vkfn uxjksa l s gksrk gqvk

dhjr i qj ( l kgc) i gqapsA ogka i j xq: gfjxksfcan l kgc t h ds l kfgct kns ckck l wjt ey

t h ds ;gka BgjsA ckck t h ds i fjokj us vki t h ds vkxeu i j cgqr i zl Urk i zdV dhA

vkuani qj ( l kgc) l s dbZ el an vkSj i zeq[ k fl [ k vxokuh djus vk,A vkuani qj

( l kgc) i gqpaus i j l axr us i fjokj dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k vkSj l eLr uxj esa g"kZ vkSj

mYykl Nk x; kA i fjokj i Vuk ( l kgc) l s pydj l u~ 1673 ekpZ dks vkuani qj

( l kgc) i gqap i k; kA

i zkj fEHkd f' k{kk

vkuan i qj ( l kgc) uxj esa l Hkh vko' ; drkvksa ds fy, yxHkx fuek.kZ dk; Z

gks pqdk FkkA vr% xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc t h us cky xksfcUn jk; ds fy, Hkk"kk&Kku dk

l qpk: i zcU/ fd; kA ,d gh l e; mUgsa nsoukxjh] xq:eq[ kh rFkk Qkjl h fyfi ; ksa dk Kku

djokus ds fy, fo' ks"k vè; ki dksa dh fu; qfDr dh xbZA bu esa Qkjl h ds fy, eqa'kh ehj

eqgEn] l aLdr ds fy, i f.M+r di k jke t h (eVu fuokl h) rFkk xq:eq[ kh v{kj Kku




2323

ds fy, xq: ?kj ds xzaFkh eqa'kh l kfgc pUn t h dks pquk x; kA xq:nso ds l e{k fo"ke

i fjfLFkfr ; ka Fkh vr% mUgksaus vodk'k ds l e; xksfcUn jk; dkss [ ksy&[ ksy esa ;q¼ fo| k

esa Hkh fui q.k djus dk fu.kZ; fy; kA bl fy, mUgksaus ckyd xksfcUn dks rSjkdh] ?kqM+

l okjh] Hkkyk pykuk] fu' kkuk yxkuk bR; kfn i zR; sd i zdkj dh ' kL=k fo| k fl [ kkbZA

ckyd xksfcUn jk; cgqr gh i zfrHkk'kkyh FksA vr% muds vè;ki d mudh i zfrHkk l s

cgqr i zHkkfor gksrs FksA bl fy, mUgsa fo'okl gks x; k Fkk fd xksfcUn jk; Hkfo"; esa

mPp&dksfV ds ys[ kd rFkk ' kL=k&fo| k es i zoh.k l sukuh cusxsA ckY; oLFkk dk dqN

Hkkx i Vuk ( l kgc) fcgkj esa fcrkus ds dkj.k mudh Hkk"kk esa fcgkjh mPpkj.k dk

l ekos'k Hkh gks x; k FkkA

vkSjaxt sc }kj k fgUnqvksa i j vR; kpkj

vkSjaxt sc us l ezkV curs gh fgUnqvksa i j vR; kpkj i zkjEHk dj fn; sA vkSj l jdkjh

vkns'k i zl kfjr fd; k x; k fd fgUnqvksa ds efUnjksa dks 'kh?kz / jk' kkgh dj fn; k t k; sA 2

uoEcj 1665 bZLoh dks ' kkgh Qjeku }kjk vkSjaxt sc us gqDe fn; k fd vgenkckn vkSj

xqt jkr ds i jxuksa esa ml dss fl agkl u:< gksus ds i gys dbZ efUnj ml dh vkKk l s

rgl &ugl fd; s x, Fks] mudk i qufuekZ.k dj fy; k x; k gS vkSj ewfrZ&i wt k i qu% 'kq:

gks xbZ gSA vr% ml ds i gys gqDe dh gh rkehy gksA

vkKk feyus dh nsj gh Fkh fd efUnj fQj l s / M+k/ M+ fxjk; s t kus yxs eFkqjk dk

ds'kojk; dk i zfl ¼ efUnj] cukjl dk xksi hukFk efUnj] mn; i qj ds 235 efUnj]

vEcj ds 66] t ; i qj] mTt Su] xksydqaMk] fot ; i qj vkSj egkjk"Vª ds vusdksa efUnj <kg

fn; s x,A efUnj rgl &ugl djus i j gh cl ugha gqbZA 1665 gh ds ,d vU; Qjeku

}kjk fnYyh ds fgUnqvksa dks ; equk fdukjs erdksa dk nkg&l aLdkj djus dh Hkh eukgh

dj nh xbZA fgUnqvksa ds / kfeZd jhfr fjokt ksa i j vkSjaxt sc dk ; g l h/ k geyk FkkA

bl ds l kFk gh fo'ks"k vkns'k bl i zdkj t kjh fd; s x; s fd l Hkh fgUnqvksa dks ,d fo'ks"k

dj (VSDl ) i qu% nsuk gksxkA ft l s t ft +; k dgrs FksA dqN ujs' kksa dks NksM+dj l Hkh




2424

fgUnqvksa dks ?kksM+k vFkok gkFkh dh l okjh l s oft Zr dj fn; k x; kA bl i zdkj ds dqN

vU; Qjeku Hkh t kjh fd; s x; s ft l l s fgUnqvksa ds vkRe xkSjo dks Bsl i gqapsA bu l Hkh

ckrksa dk rkRi ; Z Fkk fd fgUnw yksx rax vkdj Lo; a gh bLyke Lohdkj dj yasA rc

fgUnqvksa dh vksj l s bl i zdkj ds vkns'kksa l s dbZ LFkkuksa i j fonzksg gq, bu esa eè; Hkkjr

ds LFkku vf/ d FksA l jdkjh l suk us fonzksg dqpy Mkys vkSj fgUnqvksa dk dpqej dj

MkykA i jUrq l suk dks Hkh dqN {krh mBkuh i M+hA vr% vkSjaxt sc dks vi uh uhfr dks

ykxw djus ds fy, ubZ ; qfDr ; ksa l s dke ysus dh l w>h vkSj ml us dwVuhfr dk jkLrk

vi uk; kA l u~ 1669&70 esa ml us i wjh r jg eu cuk fy; k Fkk fd bLyke ds i zpkj ds

fy, ,d vksj l s fl yfl ys ckj gkFk Mkyk t k,A ml us bl mís' ; ds fy, d'ehj dks

pqukA D; ksafd mu fnuksa d'ehj fgUnw l H; rk l aLdfr dk x<+ FkkA ogka ds i f.Mr fgUnw

/ eZ ds fo¼kuksa ds : i esa fo[ ; kr FksA vkSjaxt sc us l kspk fd ; fn os yksx bLyke / kj.k

dj ysa rks ckdh vui <+ o eq<+ t urk dks bLyke esa ykuk l gt gks t k; sxk vkSj ,sl sa

fo}ku] l e; vkus i j bLyke ds i zpkj esa l gk; d cusxs vkSj t u&l k/ kj.k dks nhu ds

nk; js esa ykus dk i z; Ru djsaxsA vr% ml us bQ+r [ kkj [ k+ku dks ' ksj vQxku dk f[ krko

nsdj d'ehj Hkst fn; k vkSj ml ds LFkku i j ykgkSj dk jkT; i ky (xouZj) fQnk; j&[ kku

dks fu; qDr fd; kA

xq: njckj esa d ' ehjh i f. Mr ksa d h i qd kj

bQ+r[ kkj&[ kku us i f.Mrksa i j vR; kpkj djus vkjEHk dj fn; sA fgUnqvksa dks

cy i woZd eql yeku cuk;k t kus yxkA budkj djus okys ds fy, eR; q&n.M fn; k

t krkA bu vR; kpkjksa ds fo:¼ d'ehj ds yksxksa dh i qdkj l quus okyk dksbZ u FkkA

i f.Mrksa us vi us / kfeZd fo'okl ksa ds vuql kj nsoh&nsorkvksa dh vkjk/ uk dh vkSj

muds vkxs fgUnw / eZ dh j{kk ds fy, l gk; rk ds fy, i zkFkZuk dh i jUrq mudh

i zkFkZukvksa dk dksbZ i zHkko u gqvkA fdl h Hkh nSoh ' kfDr us mudh l gk; rk u dhA

vUrr% ykpkj gksdj fgUnqvksa us ,d l Hkk cqykbZ vkSj bl l adV dk dksbZ mi k;




2525

fudkyus dh ; qfDr l kspus yxsA rkfd fdl h r jg / eZ l qjf{kr fd; k t k l dsA vUr esa

os bl fu.kZ; i j i gqaps fd xq: ukud nsot h ds ukSoas mÙkjkf/ dkjh xq: rsxcgknqj t h

ds i kl t kdj ; g l eL; k j[ kh t k, ] D; ksafd ml l e; ogh ,d ek=k ekuork ,oa

/ eZ fuji s{krk ds i {k/ j FksA vr% eVu fuokl h di k jke t ks fd xksfcUn jk; t h dks

l aLdr i <+krs Fks vkSj mu fnuksa Nqfêð; ka ysdj ?kj vk; s gq, Fks] ml ds usrRo esa dk'ehjh

i f.M+rks dk ,d i zfr fuf/ e.My i at kc esa vkuani qj ( l kgc) i gqapkA okLro esa os dksbZ

l jy l eL; k ysdj vk; s rks ugha FksaA dk'ehjh xSj&eqfLyeksa i j gksus okys vR; kpkjksa dk

fooj.k i kdj xq: rsx cgknqj fl gj mBs vksj d: .kk esa i l ht x; sA xq:nso dks i zfr fuf/

e.My us dgk & mUgsa vkSjaxt sc ds dgj l s rFkk fgUnw / eZ dh Mwc jgh uS; k dks cpk; sA

xq:nso Hkh cyi woZd o vR; kpkj }kjk fdl h dk / eZ i fjorZu djus ds l [ r fo:¼ FksA

os Lo; a t u&l k/ kj.k esa t kxfr ykus ds fy, mi ns'k ns jgs Fks fd & u Mjks vkSj u

Mjkvks vFkkZr

Hk; d kgw d kS nsr ufga] ufga Hk; ekur vkuA

bl fy, i zfr fuf/ e.My dh fourh i j ukSosa xq:nso fopkj eXu gks x; sA rHkh

xq:nso ds 9 o"khZ; i q=k xksfcUn jk; t h njckj esa mi fLFkr gq,A t c mUgksaus i zfr fnu ds]

g"kZ&mYykl ds foi jhr ml LFkku i j l UukVk rFkk xEHkhj okrkoj.k i k; k rks cky

xksfcUn jk; us vi us fi rk t h l s i z'u fd; k & ¶fi rk t h] vkt D; k ckr gS] vki ds

njckj esa Hkt u dhrZu ds LFkku i j ; g fujk' kk dSl h\ ¸ xq:nso us ml l e; ckyd

xksfcUn jk; dks Vkyus dk i z; Ru fd; k vkSj dgk& ¶i q=k! rqe [ ksyus t kvksA i jUrq

xksfcUn jk; dgka ekuus okys FksA vi us i z'u dks nksgjkrs gq, og dgus yxs & ¶fi rk

t h [ ksy rks gksrk gh jgrk gSA eSa rks cl bruk t kuuk pkgrk gw¡ fd ; s l Tt u dkSu gSa\

rFkk bu ds psgjksa i j bruh mnkl h D; ksa\ ¸

xq:nso us crk; k] ¶; s yksx dk'ehj ds i f.Mr gSaA bu dk / eZ l adV esa gS] ; s

pkgrs gSa fd dksbZ ,sl k mi k; [ kkst fudkyk t k, ft l l s vkSjaxt sc bu fgUnqvksa dks




2626

eql yeku cukus dk vi uk vkns'k oki l ys ysAxksfcUn jk; t h rc xq:nso l s i wNus

yxs] ¶vki us fQj D; k l kspk gSa\ ¸ xq:nso us dgk & csVk ,sl k rHkh l EHko gks l drk

gS t c vkSjaxt sc dh bl uhfr ds fojks/ esa dksbZ egku O; fDrRo vi uk cfynku nsa!¸

; g l qudj xksfcUn jk; t h cksys] ¶fQj nsj fdl ckr dh gS\ vki l s cM+k / eZ j{kd

o yksd fi z; l r~i q: "k vkSj dkSu gks l drk gSa\ ; sa i f.Mr t c vki dh ' kj.k esa vk; s gSa

rks vki buds / eZ dh j{kk djsaA D; ksafd xq: ukud nso t h ds mÙkkf/ dkjh gksus ds

ukrs] muds fl ¼kUrksa i j i gjk nsuk vki dk drZO; gSaA mudk dFku gS& t ks ' kj.k vk; s

fr l daB yk; sA* ; gh mudh fcjn gSA xksfcUn jk; ds eq[ k l s ; g opu l qudj xq:

rsx cgknqj t h vfr i zl Uu gq, rFkk cksys] ¶csVk rqel s eq>s ; gh vk'kk FkhA cl eSa ; gh

l quus dh i zrh{kk dj jgk FkkA l axr Hkh xksfcUn jk; ds fopkj l qudj vokd~ vkSj

Hkkoqd gks xbZA

xq:nso us rc dk'ehjh i f.Mrksa dks vkSjaxt sc ds i kl l ans'k nsdj fnYyh Hkst k fd

ml ds / eZ i fjorZu vfHk; ku ds fo"k; esa xq: ukud nso ds ukSosa mÙkkjkf/ dkjh xq:

rsxcgknqj t h ml l s ckr&phr djuk pkgrs gSaA ; fn xq: rsxcgknqj t h ml ds vfHk; ku

dk l eFkZu djrs gSa rks os Lo; a gh bLyke / kj.k dj ysaxsA cl fQj D; k FkkA bl l ans'k

ds i zkIr gksrs gh vkSjaxt sc vfr i zl Uu gqvkA ml dk fopkj Fkk fd l eLr i af.Mrksa o

fgUnqvksa dks bLyke esa ykus dh jkg fey xbZ gSA

eqxy l ezkV vkSjaxt sc ds eu esa ,d fopkj mRi u gqvk fd ; fn og l eLr

Hkkjr dh cgqer fgUnw t urk dks bLyke Lohdkj djus ds fy, foo'k dj nas rks ml

dk l kezkT; dHkh Hkh l ekIr ugha gksxkA bl fopkj dks l kdkj djus ds fy, og cgqr

l s mi k; l kspus yxkA y{; dh i zkfIr ds fy, ml us l oZ i zFke t ksj t +cjnLrh dh] rFkk

yksxksa dks eqLyeku cukus ds fy, cgqr l s gFkd.Mksa dks bLrseky fd; kA QyLo: i dbZ

LFkkuksa i j fonzksg Hkh gq,A bl neu pØ esa cgqr l s l Sfud Hkh ekjs x; sA bl i j ml ds

eaf=k; ksa us ml s i jke'kZ fn; k fd cy&i z; ksx }kjk / eZ i fjorZu i j [ kr js vf/ d gSaA bl l s

i z; kst u dh l Qyrk esa Hkh ' kadk cuh jgsxhA vr% mUgsa ; qfDr l s dke ysuk pkfg, vkSj

; g uhfr cukbZ xbZ fd fgUnw l H; rk ds ewy l zksr dk'ehj ds ; fn fgUnw fo}kuksa us




2727

bLyke / kj.k dj fy; k rks muds vuq; k; h Lo; a gh eql yeku gks t k,axsA ft l l s og

yEck t ksf[ ke Hkjk dk;Z cgqr l jy gks t k,xkA

fdUrq nwl jh vksj fgUnw / eZ esa QwV vkSj nwcZyrk bruh vf/ d Fkh fd mudh

l q[ k&'kkafr l ekIr gks pqdh FkhA D;ksafd muesa ,drk vkSj l g; ksx dk cy Fkk gh ughaA

ft l l s os vi us dks cpko ds mi k; l ksp l dsaA vr% bLyke esa nkf[ ky gksdj os fot ; h

vkSj ' kkl d l eqg ds l nL; cu t krs FksA mUgsa fgUnw / eZ dh nqcZyrkvksa] Å¡p&uhp ds

Hksn&Hkko] ?k.kk vkfn l s l nk ds fy, NqVdkjk fey t krk FkkA bl h dkj.k ' kqnz t kfr ; ksa

us fgUnw / eZ dh rqyuk esa bLyke dks jger l e>k vkSj i zl Uurk ds l kFk bLyke esa

i zos'k djus yxsA bu i zofr ; ksa ds dkj.k mudks cykr~ eql yeku cukus dh vksj

vkSjaxt sc dk dksbZ fo'ks"k è; ku u FkkA os rks vi uh bPNk l s gh vi uh i jra=krk l s

LorU=krk i zkIr djus ds fy, pys vkrs FksA vr% vkSjaxt +sc rks dsoy mPp oxZ (LoZ.k)

t kfr ; ksa dks cykr~ eqLyeku cukuk pkgrk FkkA

; g gh dkj.k Fkk fd ml us dk'ehj esa eql yeku cukus ds fy, l kjh ' kfDr [ kpZ

dj nhA ml l e; rd fl D[ kksa dh n'kk i z; kIr ek=kk esa vPNh vkSj et cwr gks pqdh FkhA

mudk dqN ncnck Hkh cu x; k FkkA mudk vi uk / eZ i zpkj Hkh dk; e FkkA xq:

gfjxksfcUn l kfgc] l e; dh l jdkj l s VDdj ysdj foi {kh l sukvksa dks dbZ ckj gjk Hkh

pqds FksA ' kk; n bl h dkj.k dk'ehjh czkgkze.k vi uh nq%[ ke;h dFkk ysdj xq: rsx

cgknwj t h ds i kl vk; s FksA

vkSjaxt s+c us rqjUr vkUni qj ( l kgc) esa vi us nwr Hkst s vkSj xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc

dks fnYyh ysdj vkus dks dgkA mu nwrksa us xq:nso dks vkSjaxt +sc dk l ans'k l quk; k vkSj

dgk os mudss l kFk fnYyh r ' kjhQ ys pysA mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk & muds }kjk

vkSjaxt s+c dk l ans'k mUgsaa fey x; k gS os Lo; a gh fnYyh i gqap t k,axsA vHkh mUgsaa vkJe

ds dqN vko' ; d dk; Z fui Vkus gSa bl l s nwr nqfo/ k esa i M+ x; s fdUrq dqN i zeq[ k fl [ kksa

us mUgsa l e>k; k fd xq:nso opu ds i wjs gSa os fpark u djsa os t Ynh gh fnYyh i gqapsxsA

; g vk'okl u ysdj os yksV x; sA rn~i 'pkr xq:nso us i zeq[ k fl D[ kksa dh l Hkk cqykbZ

vkSj ml esa fu.kZ; fy; k x; k fd xq:nso i gys mu LFkkuksa i j t k, ] t gka vkSjaxt s+c }kjk




2828

t urk i j neu pØ pyk; k t k jgk gS Hk; Hkhr t urk dks t kxr fd; k t k, vkSj muds

l kFk l gkuqHkwfr i zdV dj mudk euksacy c<+k; k t k,aA bl i j xq:nso us ?kks"k.kk dh] fd

muds i 'pkr xq: ukud nso t h dh xíh ds mÙkjkf/ dkjh xksfcUn jk; t h gksxsaA i jUrq

vkSi pkfjdrk,a l e; vkus i j dj nh t k,xhA

t c xq:nso fnYyh i zLFkku djus yxs rks mUgksaus vi us l kFk i kap fo'ks"k fl D[ kksa

dks l kFk fy; k] HkkbZ erh nkl t h] HkkbZ nk;kyk t h] HkkbZ l rh nkl t h] HkkbZ xqjfnrk t h

rFkk HkkbZ mn/ s t hA fdUrq ekrk ukudh t h vkSj i Ruh xqt jh t h cgqr oSjkX; djus

yxhA rc xq:nso us mUgsa czgkzKku dh ckrsa crkbZ vkSj muds foosd dks t kxr fd; kA

i jUrq cgqr l h l axr l kFk pyus yxhA bl i j xq:nso us ,d js[ kk [ khap dj l Hkh dks

vkns'k fn; k fd os ?kjksa dks yksV t k, vkSj ml js[ kk l s vkxs u vk; sA bl i zdkj l axr

oki l pyh xbZ vkSj xq:nso vkuani qj ( l kgc) l s i kap fl D[ kksa l esr jksi M+ i gaqpsA

xq:nso t c fnYyh ds fy, pyus okys Fks rks ns'k Hkj esa ; g ckr QSy xbZA ; fn

ckn'kkg xq: rsx cgknqj t h dks eql yeku cuk ys] rks ns'k ds l Hkh xSj eql yeku vi uk

et gc cny ysaxsA bl h ckr dk Li "Vhdj.k djrs gq, xq:nso yksxksa dks l kaRouk nsrs gq,

vkxs c<+us yxsA xq:nso jksi M+ l s l SQkckn i gqapsA ogka mUgksaus yksxksa dh xyr Qgfe;kaa nwj

djrs gq, mudks / hjt ca/ k; k vkSj i zHkq i j Hkjksl k j[ kus dks dgkA ogka i j vki ds ,d

J¼kyq O; fDr l S; n l SQmy [ kkut h fuokl j[ krs FksA vki muds Lusg ds cU/ s dqN

fnu ogha Bgjs jgsA fQj l SQkckn l s l ek.kk rFkk dSFky] t han] dukSM+ gksrs gq, vkxs c<+us

yxsA vki mu l Hkh LFkkuksa i j i gqaps t gka dh t urk i j vkSjaxt +sc ds vkns'kkas ds vuql kj

' kkl d oxZ us vR; kpkj fd; s FksA bu vR; kpkjksa l s i hfM+r dbZ LFkkuksa i j ogka ds dchyksa

us fonzksg fd; k FkkA mu yksxksa us xq:nso dks crk; k fd i z' kkl u dh r jQ l s vkns'k gS

fd t ks fgUnw bLyke Lohdkj ugha djrs muds [ ksr t Cr dj fy; s t k, vkSj fgUnqvksa dks

l jdkjh ukSdfj; ksa l s fudky fn; k t k, ml ds foi jhr ; fn dksbZ fgUnw bLyke Lohdkj

djrk gS rks ml s l jdkjh ukSdfj; ka rFkk mUufr ds l Hkh l k/ u mi yC/ djok, t krs gSA

; fn bl uhfr ds fojks/ esa dksbZ fonzksg djrk gS rks ml s eR; q n.M fn; k t krk gSaA i fj.kke

Lo: i neu pØ esa cgqr yksx ekjs x; sA xq:nso us ogka dh Hk; Hkhr t urk dks vkRe




2929

Kku nsdj mRl kfgr fd; kA vkSj t kxfr vfHk; ku cgqr l Qy jgk t u&l k/ kj.k esa ubZ

psruk meM+ i M+h vkSj eR; q dks os ,d [ ksy l e>us yxsA

xq:nso dks vkuani qj ( l kgc) l s i zLFkku fd; s cgqr fnu gks x; s FksA fnYyh esa

vkSjaxt +sc mudh cgqr cs&l cjh l s i zrh{kk dj jgk FkkA t c os ugha i gqaps rks ml us

xq:nso dks [ kkst dj fxzQrkj djds ykus dk vkns'k fn; k vkSj mudk i Ùkk Bhdkuk

crkus okys dks i qjLdr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA

vkxjs esa ,d fu/ Zu O; fDr ft l dk uke l ; n gl u vYyh FkkA ml us fopkj

fd; k fd ; fn ckn'kkg }kjk ?kksf"kr i qjLdkj dh jk' kh ml s fey t k, rks ml dh xjhch

vkSj ?kjsyw et cwfj; ka l ekIr gks t k; sA vr% og ân; l s xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc dh vjk/

uk djus yxk fd! ; fn og l Ppk eqf' kZn gS rks ml dh i qdkj l qus vkSj ; g fxzQrkjh

ml ds gkFkksa djok,a rkfd og vi uh i ksrh dk fookg l Ei u dj l dsA cl fQj D; k Fkk

xq:nso Lo; a gh l Õ; n gl u ds ?kj i gqap x; s i jUrq og xq:nso ds nhnkj djds vi uk

y{; Hkwy x; k og i zse esa l sok djus esa O; Lr gks x; kA xq:nso us ml s dgk fd vc os

ml dss gkFkksa fxzQrkjh nsuk pkgrs gSa rkfd ml ss ,d gt kj : i ; s dh jk' kh i zkIr gks l ds

i jUrq og xq:nso ds pj.kksa es fxj i M+k vkSj fourh djus yxk fd vc ml l s ; g xqukg

er djok,a og rks dsoy fu/ Zurk ds dkj.k fopfyr gks x; k FkkA bl i j xq:nso us

; qfDr l s dke fy; k vkSj ml dss i ksrs dks cqyk; k t ks fd HksM+ksa dks pjkus dk dk;Z djrk

FkkA ml s ,d nq'kkyk vkSj ,d ghjs dh vaxwBh nh vkSj dgk fd uxj esa t kdj gyokbZ

l s feBkbZ [ kjhn ykvksA og Hkksyk xMfj; k] gyokbZ l s t c feBkbZ [ kjhnus yxk rks

gyokbZ us dherh oLrq,a xMfj; s ds i kl ns[ kdj ml s Fkkus esa i dM+ok fn; kA Fkkusnkj us

ckyd xM+fj; s dks / edk dj jgL; t ku fy; k vkSj xq:nso dks l Õ; n gl u vYyh ds

; gka l sa dh fxzQrkj dj fy; kA bl i zdkj i qjLdkj dh jk' kh gl u vYyh dks fnyok nh

xbZA fxzQrkjh ds l e; rhu l sodksa us Hkh vi uh fxzQrkjh nhA vU; l sodksa dks xq:nso

us vkns'k fn; k fd os ckgj jg dj t u&l k/ kj.k esa t kxfr ykus dk dk; Z djsa rFkk

vkuani qj ( l kgc) esa i fjokj ds l kFk l wpukvksa ds vknku&i znku l s l Ei Zd cuk; s j[ ksaA

xq:nso dh fxzQrkjh dk l ans'k t c vkSjaxt +sc dks i zkIr gqvk rks ml us vi uh l suk




3030

ds ofj"V vf/ dkfj; ksa dks vkns'k fn; k fd xq: rsxcgknqj t h dks ck&bTt +r] i jUrq

dM+s i gjs esa fnYyh yk; k t k,A ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA xq:nso dks muds l kFkh fl D[ kksa l fgr

,d Hkwr caxys esa Bgjk; k x; kA fo'okl fd; k t krk Fkk fd og Hkou ' kkfi r Fkk vkSj

ml esa i zsr vkRek,a jgrh Fkh t ks fd ogka Bgjus okyks dks ekj M+kyrh Fkh v/ Z jk=kh dks

ogka ,d dk.kk rFkk d: i O; fDr Qy ysdj vk; k vkSj ml us vi us ?kj i j vkxUrqdksa

dks i kdj mudks Hk; Hkhr djus dk vl Qy i z; kl fd; kA t c ml dk o'k ugha pyk

rks ml us ' kkUr fpr ] vM+ksy xq:nso ds l e{k i jkt ; Lohdkj dj yhA rFkk fe=krk

LFkkfi r djus ds fy, xq:nso dks Qy HksaV fd; sA xq:nso us ml dh i zse HksaV Lohdkj

djrs gq, ] Qyksa dks i kap Hkkxksa esa ckaV dj l sou fd; kA xq:nso us ml O; fDr l s i wNk

fd og ogk¡ D; ksa jgrk gSa vkSj ogka vkus okyks dh gR; k D; ksa djrk gSa mÙkj esa ml us

crk; k & fd ml dk psgjk Hkík gSa vkSj ,d vk¡[ k l s dk.kk gSa bl fy, yksx ml l s ?k.kk

djrs gS bl hfy, gh og ,dkUr okl esa l ekt l s nwj jgrk gSaA og fdl h dh gR; k ugha

djrk dsoy vi us i zfr }Unh dks Hk; Hkhr djrk gSa rkfd og ml ds fuokl i j dCt k u

djsa fdUrq yksx vdl j Mj vFkok Hk; Hkhr gksdj ej t krs gSA D; ksafd mudh ân; xfr

vkrad l s : d t krh gSaA xq:nso us ml ds dY; k.k ds fy, ml s Hkt u djus dk mi ns'k

fn; k vkSj dgk fd ekuork dh l sok djksa rc ml l s dksbZ ?k.kk ugha djsxkaA i zkr%

i gjsnkjksa us t c xq:nso rFkk muds l kfFk; ksa dks i zl Uufpr i k; k rks muds vk'p; Z dk

fBdkuk u jgkA nwl js fnu xq:nso rFkk vU; fl D[ kksa dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k x; k vkSj

vkSjaxt +sc us ,d fo'ks"k xksf"V dk vk; kst u fd; kA ft l esa eqYykvksa dkft +; ksa rFkk

mejkvksa us xq:nso ds l ax fopkj foe'kZ es Hkkx fy; kA

vkSjaxt s+c us Hkh Lo; a ml xksf"B ds l a; kst d ds : i esa Hkkx fy; k vkSj xq:nso

l s dgk fd og fuosnu i =k ml s fgUnw t urk ds i zeq[ kksa l s i zkIr gqvk gS fd vki mudk

usrRo djsaxsA t cfd vki Lo; a cqr&i zLr (ewfrZi wt d) vFkok nsoh&nsorkvksa ds

mi kl d ugha gSaA vkSj mudh r jg ,d [ kqnk dks gh ekuus okys gksA fQj vki vi us

fl ¼kUrksa ds fo: / bu dkfQjksa dk i {k D; ksa ys jgs gks\ xq:nso us bl ds mÙkj esa dgk

fd ¶fgUnqvksa dk i {k ysus dh dksbZ ckr ugha] ; g rks dsoy ekuork ds ewy fl ¼kUrksa




3131

dh r jQnkjh gSaA vr% 'kkl d oxZ dks i zt k ds O; fDrxr t hou es dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha

djuk pkfg,A dksbZ jkes t i ; k jghe bu ckrksa l s i z' kkl u dks dksbZ l jksdkj ugha gksuk

pkfg,A ; fn ' kkl u O;oLFkk esa dksbZ ck/ k Mkyrk gSa rks ogh O; fDr n.Muh; gksuk

pkfg,A i jUrq fcuk fdl h dkj.k dsoy vi us et +gch t uwu es vkdj i zt k dk neu

djuk mfpr ughaA bl i j vkSjaxt s+c us dgk fd og pkgrk gSa fd vjc ns'kksa dh r jg

Hkkjr o"kZ esa Hkh ,d l Ei znk; ] dsoy nhu* gh gksA ft l l s l Hkh i zdkj ds vki l h erHksn

l nSo ds fy, l ekIr gks t k,axsA okLro esa i Saxcj gTt jr eqgEn l kgc dk ; g vkns'k

gS fd l Hkh dkfQjksa dks cyi woZd ekseu cukuk pkfg, ,sl k djus okys dks cfg'kr

(LoxZ) vFkok l Cc ( i q.; ) i zkIr gksxkA vr% ml sa bu dkfQjksa i j n; k vkrh gS vkSj

fopkj mRi u gksrk gS fd bu dkfQjksa (ukfLrdkas) dks [ kqnk i zLr (vfLrd) cukdj

budk t Ue l Qy dj nsaA bl fy, ml us i zfrKk dh gS t ks eqgEenh cusxk ml dks l Hkh

i zdkj dh l q[ k l qfo/ k,a mi yC/ djkbZ t k,xh vU; Fkk bl ds foi jhr eR; q n.M Hkh

fn; k t k l drk gSA

xq:nso us mÙkj fn; k ft l {ks=k esa dsoy eqgEenh gh jgrs gS D; k ogka f' k; k

l qUuh >xM+s ugha gksrs\ t Sl s ,d cxhps esa HkkfUr&HkkfUr ds Qwy f[ kys gq, gksus i j ml

dk l kSUn; Z c<+ t krk gS Bhd bl h i zdkj ; g fo'o ml i zHkq dh l qUnj okfVdk gS ft l esa

Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds fopkjksa okys euq"; ml ds gqDe vFkok ml dh bPNk l s mRi Uu gksrs gSA

; fn i zdfr dks rqEgkjh ckr Lohdkj gksrh rks og fgUnqvksa ds ; gka l Urku gh u i Snk

djrhA bl ds foi jhr eql yekuksa ds ; gka gh l arku mRi u gksrha ft l s l Hkh vi us vki

eql yeku gks t krs vkSj ; g fu.kZ; vi us vki ykxw gks t krkA

eqYykvksa us dgk fd fgUnw yksx vdr?ku gSaA os muds fy, vi us i zk.kksa dh

vkgqfr ns nsa rks Hkh os l e; vkus i j i hB gh fn[ kk; sxsA D; ksafd ; g fdl h dk i jksi dkj

ekurs gh ughaA mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk fd os rks fuLokFkZ rFkk fu"dke ekuork ds fgr

ds fy, dk; Z djrs gS ; fn t wYe fgUnw djrsA rks os ml ds i {k/ j gksrs] t ks et +ywe gksrk

vFkkZr os nhu&ghu vkSj v' kDr O; fDr; ksa i j vkR; kpkjksa ds l [ r fojks/ h gSaA Hkys gh

og fgUnw gks vFkok eqfLyeA




3232

vUr esa vkSjaxt sc us xq:nso ds l e{k bLyke Lohdkj djus dk i zLrko j[ kk vkSj

dgk fd ; fn os bLyke Lohdkj dj ysrs gS rks og l c mu ds eqjhn cu t k; saxsA

vU; Fkk og] mudh gR; k djok nsxkA bl ds mÙkj esa xq:nso us Qjek; k fd mudks

fdl h i zdkj dk Hk; ugha] D; ksafd 'kjhj rks u'oj gS] ml dk D;k eksg! eR; q rks ,d

vVy l PpkbZ gSaA vr% t Ue&ej.k l c ,d [ ksy ek=k gSaA bl i j eqYykvksa us dgka fd

; fn os dksbZ djkekr fn[ kkrs gSaA rks eR; q n.M c[ k'kk t k l drk gSA mÙkj esa xq:nso us

dgk fd os i zdfr ds dk; ksZ esa gLrs{ki ugha djrs vr% peRdkjh ' kfDr ; ksa dk i zn'kZu

,d enkjh dh r jg ugha djrsA eqYykvksa us dgk fd i hj Qdhj vFkok xq:&eqjf' knksa

esa peRdkjh ' kfDr ; ksa dk gksuk] mudk vko' ; d vax gSa fQj vki dSl s xq:&i hj gS\

bl i j xq:nso us dgk mudh gR; k dj ds ns[ k ys os ejsaxs ughaA cl ; gh mudh

djkekr gksxhA eqYyk xq:nso ds bl dFku ds jgL; dks u l e> l dsA os fopkj djuss

yxs ' kk; n mu dh xnZu bruh dM+h gks t k,xh fd ryokj ds okj l s ugha dVsxh

bR; kfn ------------------- os l e; dh i zfrKk djus yxsA

vkSjaxt sc dk ewy y{; rks xq:nso dks bLyke Lohdkj djokuk Fkk u fd

mudh gR; k djokuk vr% og mu dks ; kruk,a nsus dk dk; ZØe rS; kj djus yxk

ft l l s i hfM+r gksdj og Lo; a gh bLyke Lohdkj dj ysaA bl i zdkj ml us xq:nso rFkk

muds l kFk rhu fl D[ kksa dks dkjkokl esa fo'ks"k dky dksBfM+; ksa esa cUnh cukdj j[ kkA

t gka mudks Hkw[ kk&I; kl j[ kk t kus yxkA ; g l ekpkj dkjkokl ds l QkbZ deZpkjh }kjk

ckgj ds l Ei Zd j[ kus okys fl D[ kksa dks i zkIr gqvk rks mUgksaus LFkkuh; fl D[ kksa dks ; g

ckr crkbZA mu fl D[ kksa us feydj xq:nso ds fy, yaxj (Hkkst u) rS; kj fd; k vkSj

i zkFkZuk dh fd xq:nso vki l eFkZ gS dI; k mudk i zl kn Lohdkj djsaA i zkFkZuk l ekIr gksus

i j xq:nso rFkk vU; f' k"; sa muds }kj i j [ kM+s FksA mu fl D[ kksa us t h Hkj ds xq:nso dh

l sok dhA fudV gh ekSyoh dk ?kj Fkk ; g l wpuk t c ekSyoh dks feyh fd xq:

rsxcgknj i M+ksl h fl D[ kksa ds ; gka Hkkst u dj jgs gS rks og Lo; a ns[ kus vk; k vkSj ns[ kdj

vkSjaxt +sc dks l wfpr fd; k fd cUnh [ kkus dh O; oLFkk Bhd ugha gSa ml i j è; ku nksA

i jUrq t kap&i M+rky i j xq:nso rFkk vU; f' k"; ogha i k; s x; sA bl i j i z' kkl u dh vksj




3333

l s vkSj vf/ d dM+kbZ dh t kus yxhA vkSjaxt sc ds vkns'k l s ,d fo'ks"k i zdkj dk

fi at jk eaxok; k x; kA ft l dh uksdhyh l yk[ ks vUnj dks eqM+h gqbZ FkhA bl esa dSnh

fgy&t qy ugha l drk Fkk D; ksafd l yk[ kksa dh uksd dSnh ds ' kjhj dks Hksnrh FkhA vc

bl h fi at js esa xq:nso dks cUn dj fn; k x; kA ft l l s xq:nso ds 'kjhj i j cgqr l s ?kko

gks x; sA ogka ds l ar fj; ksa dks vkns'k fn; k x; k fd mu ?kko i j fi l k gqvk ued dk

fNM+dko fd; k t k,A ft l l s dSnh dks t yu gks vkSj og i hM+k ds d"V dks u l gu dj

i k,a fdUrq xq:nso ' kkUr fpar vM+ksy FksA bl i zdkj dh ; kruk,a ns[ k dj ogka i j rhuksa

dSnh fl D[ k eu gh eu cgqr nq[ kh gks jgs FksA mUgksaus i zkFkZuk dh fd gs i zHkq mUgsa cy nks

fd vkR;kpkj ds fo: / dqN dj l dsA vxys fnu l QkbZ deZpkjh xq:nso ds fy, HksaV

ds : i esa ,d xUuk ysdj vk; kA xq:nso us ml ds Lusg ds dkj.k og xUuk nkarks l s

Nhydj l sou fd; k vkSj fNyds ogha fi at js ds ckgj Qsad fn; s ft Ugsa mBkdj mu

fNydks dks i qu% mu fl D[ kksa us i zl kn : i esa l sou fd; kA t ks fi at js ds ckgj ogha dSn

FksA l hr i zl kn l sou ds rqjUr ckn os fl D[ k vi us esa vFkkg vkfRed cy dk vuqHko

djus yxsA rHkh mUgksaus vki l esa fopkj foe'kZ dj xq:nso l s i zkFkZuk dh fd ; fn os Lo; a

ml vkR;kpkjh ' kkl u ds fo: / dqN ugha djuk pkgrs rks dI; k mUgsaa vkKk i znku djsa

os vkRecy l s vR; kpkfj; ksa dk fouk'k dj MkysaA ; g l qudj xq:nso eqLdqjk,a vksj i wNus

yxs ; g vkRe cy muesa dgka l s vk; k gSA mÙkj esa fl D[ kksa us crk; k fd muds l hr

i zl kn l sou djus ek=k l s og fl f¼ i zkIr gqbZ gSaA bl i j mUgksaus dgk vPNk fudV

vkdj vk'khZokn i zkIr djksaA t Sl s gh mUgksaus fudV gksdj efLr "d >qdk; k xq:nso us

muds fl j i j gkFk / j dj mudks fnO; nf"V i znku dhA ml l e; fl D[ kksa us vuqHko

fd; k xq:nso vUur ' kfDr ; ksa ds Lokeh fo'kky l eFkkZ okys i gkM+ dh r jg vMksy i zHkq

vkns'k dh i zfr {kk esa vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus ds fy, rRi j [ kM+s gSA ; g n' ; ns[ kdj

os xq:nso l s {kek ; kpuk djus yxs fd os rqPN i zk.kh mudh dyk dks i fgpku ugha

i k; s vkSj fopfyr gksdj eu&ekuh djus dh vkoKk djus yxs FksA

; g l c dqN ogka i j [ kM+s l ar jh vkSj njksxk bR;kfn yksx l qu jgs Fks mUgksaus bl

?kVuk dk fooj.k vkSjaxt +sc rd i gqapk fn; kA vkSjaxt +sc us mu rhuksa fl D[ kksa dks vxys




3434

fnu njckj esa eaxok; k vkSj ml ?kVuk dh l PpkbZ t kuh vkSj dgk fd os yksx bLyke

Lohdkj dj ys ugha rks vi us dFku vuql kj fouk'k dj fn[ kkvksaA ugha rks ekSr ds fy,

rS; kj gks t kvksaA fl D[ kksa us mÙkj fn; k fd mUgksauss rks xq:nso l s vkKk ekaxh Fkh fdUrq

mUgksaus vkKk nh ugha vU; Fkk os dqN Hkh djus esa l eFkZ gS fdUrq vc os eR; w n.M ds

fy, rS; kj gSaA bl i j l ezkV us mu rhuksa dks vyx&vyx fof/ l s ekSr ds ?kkV

mrkjus dk vkns'k fn; kA

HkkbZ er h nkl t h d h ' kghnh

vxys fnu HkkbZ erh nkl dks ; kst uk vuqql kj pk¡nuh pkSd ds Bhd chpks chp

gFkdfM+; ksa csfM+; ksa rFkk t at hjksa l s t dM+ dj yk; k x; kA t gka i j vkt dy QOokjk gSaA

i z'kkl u dh Øwjrk okys n' ; ksa dks ns[ kus ds fy, yksxksa dh HkhM+ ,df=kr gks pqdh FkhA

HkkbZ erh nkl dk psgjk fnO; vkHkk l s ned jgk FkkA HkkbZ l kgc ' kkafr fpr vkSj vM+ksy

i zHkq Hkt u esa O; Lr FksA eR; q dk i wokZHkkl gksrs gq, Hkh muds psgjs i j Hk; dk dksbZ fpUg

u FkkA rHkh dkt +h us mudks pqukSrh nh vkSj dgk fd HkkbZ erh nkl D;ksa O; FkZ esa vi us

i zk.k xaok jgs gksA gB/ ehZ NksM+ks vkSj bLyke dks Lohdkj dj yks ft l l s og ,s'o; Z dk

t hou O; rhr dj l dksxs i z' kkl u dh r jQ l s l Hkh i zdkj dh l q[ k l qfo/ k, ¡ ml ssa

mi yC/ djkbZ t k,xhA bl ds vfr fjDr cgqr l s i qjLdkjksa l s l Eekfur fd; k t k; sxkA

; fn og eql yeku gks t k, rks gt +jr eqgEen l kgc ml dh xokgh ns dj ml s [ kqnk l s

cfg' r fnyok; saxsA vU; Fkk ml s ; kruk, ¡ ns&ns dj ekj fn; k t k; sxkaA

HkkbZ erh nkl t h us mÙkj fn; k] D;ksa vi uk l e; u"V djrs gks\ og rks

fl D[ k fl ¼krksa vkSj ml i j vVy fo'okl l s gt +kjks cfg' r U;kSNkoj dj l drk gSaA

xq# ds J¼koku f' k"; vi us xq#nso ds vknZ'kksa dh i kyuk djuk gh l c l q[ kksa dk ewy

l e>rk gSaA vr% t ks Js"V vkSj fueZy / eZ ml s ml ds xq# us i znku fd; k gSA og ml s

vi us i zk.kksa l s vf/ d fi z; gSaA bl i j dkt +h us i wNk fd Bhd gSaA ejus l s i gys ml dh

dksbZ vfrae bPNk gSa rks crk nksA erh nkl t h us mÙkj fn; k fd ml dk eqag ml ds xq#

dh vksj j[ kuk rkfd og muds var l e; rd n'kZu djrk gqvk ' kjhj R;kx l dsA




3535

ydM+h ds nks ' kgrhjksa ds i kV esa HkkbZ erh nkl t h dks t dM+ fn; k x; kA vkSj

mudk psgjk Jh xq# rsx cgknqj t h ds fi at M+s dh vksj dj fn; k x; kA rHkh nks t YYkknksa

us HkkbZ l kgc ds fl j i j vkjk j[ k fn; kA dkt +h us fQj HkkbZ l kgc dks bLyke Lohdkj

djus dh ckr nqgjkbZ fdUrq HkkbZ erh nkl t h ml l e; xq:ok.kh mPpkj.k dj jgs Fks

vkSj i zHkq pj.kksa esa yhu FksA vr% mUgksaus dksbZ mÙkj u fn; kA bl i j dkt h dh vksj l s

t Yyknksa dks vkjk pykus dk l adsr fn; k x; kA ns[ krs gh ns[ krs [ kwu dk QOokjk py

i M+k vkSj HkkbZ erh nkl ds ' kjhj ds nks QkM+ gks x; sA bl Hk; Hkhr rFkk Øwj n' ; dks

ns[ kdj cgqr l s usd bul kuksa us vka[ kks l s vkal w cgk; s fdUrq i RFkj ân; gkfde bLyke

ds i zpkj gsrq fd; s t k jgs vkR; kpkj dks mfpr crkrs jgsaA

HkkbZ erh nkl t h us vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsdj l nk ds fy, og vej gks

x; sA mudh vkRek i je T; ksfr es t k l ekbZ vkSj mudk cfynku fl D[ kksa rFkk fo'o ds

vU; / ekZoykfEc; ksa dk i Fk i zn'kZd cu x; kA HkkbZ erh nkl xq: ?kj esa dks"kkè; {k

(nhokuk) dh i noh i j dk; Z djrs Fks vkSj xq:nso ds i je Lusgh fl [ k HkkbZ i jkxk t h

ds i q=k FksA

' kghnh HkkbZ n; kyk t h

l e; dh gdwer }kjk pykbZ gqbZ vkR; kpkj dh bl vka/ h ds nwl js f' kdkj Fks

HkkbZ n; kyk t hA vxys fnu HkkbZ n; kyk t h dks cUnh[ kkus l s ckgj] pkSd esa ykdj mUgsa

dkt +h }kjk Qrok (n.M) l quk; k x; k fd ; fn os bLyke dks Lohdkj dj ysa rks mUgas

t hou nku fn; k t k; s vU; Fkk mcyrs gq, i kuh dh nsx esa mcky dj ekj fn; k t k; sA

dkft +; ks us HkkbZ l kgc dks bLyke ds xq.kksa i j C; k[ ; ku l quk;k vkSj ,s' kksa vkjke

ds t hou rFkk LoxksZ es gwjksa dh i zkfIr ds ckjs esa vusdksa >kal s fn; s fdUrq HkkbZ l kgc

vi us fl [ kh fo'okl esa vMksy jgs bl i j mUgksaus Mjkuk& / ekdkuk i zkjEHk fd; k vkSj

dgk fd mUgksaus ml ds l kFkh dks bLyke u Lohdkj djus i j funZ; rk l s ekSr ds ?kkV

mrkj fn; k gSA vc ml dh ml l s Hkh vf/ d nqnZ'kk dh t k; sxhA




3636

HkkbZ n; kyk t h us mÙkj fn; k] HkkbZ erh nkl t h dks ejk er l e>ks cfYd os

rks eR; w l s fBBksyh djds] nwl jksa ds fy, i zsj.kk nk; d fn'kk funsZ'k nsdj l nk ds fy,

vej gks x; s gSaA vkSj vdky i q: "k ds pj.kksa esa Lohdkjh; gks pqds gSaA dkt +h l kgc t Ynh

djks og Hkh HkkbZ erh nkl ds i kl i gqapus ds fy, ykyf; r gks jgk gSaA ml dh vfUre

bPNk Hkh vi us xq: ] Jh xq: rsxcgknwj l kgc ds l e{k ' kghn gksus dh gSA rHkh dkt +h

ds Qros ds vuql kj t Yyknksa us nsx (cgqr cM+k crZu) esa i kuh Mkydj HkkbZ n; kyk t h

dks fcBk fn; k vkSj pwYgs esa vkx t yk nhA T; ksa&T; ksa i kuh xeZ gksrk x; k] R; ksa&R; ksa

HkkbZ t h xqjok.kh mPpkj.k djrs gq, vi us xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k vdky i q: "k ds fpUru

esa foyhu gksrs x; sA i kuh mcyus yxkA HkkbZ t h ds pgjs i j fnO; T; ksfr NkbZ vkSj og

'kkar&fpr ] vfMx T; ksfr&T; ksr l ek x; s vkSj vi us fo'okl dks vk¡p ugha vkus nhA

t u&l k/ kj.k us ns[ kk fd brus cM+s n.M dks ' kjhj i j Hksyrs gq, HkkbZ t h us dksbZ

dM+ok okD; ugha dgk vkSj vki us / kfeZd fu'p; esa dgha Hkh dksbZ f' kfFkyrk ugha vkus

nhA ; g Hk; Hkhr n' ; ns[ kdj dqN yksxksa us vkal w cgk; s vkSj dqN us vkgsa Hkjh vkSj

vR; kpkjh i z' kkl u ds fouk'k gsrq eu&gh&eu i zekRek l s i zkFkZuk djrs gq, ?kjksa dks

pys x; sA

' kghnh HkkbZ l r h nkl t h

rhl js fnu HkkbZ l rh nkl t h dks cUnh [ kkus l s ckgj pkanuh pkSd esa l oZt fud: i es dkt +h us pqukSrh nh vkSj dgk& fd og bLyke Lohdkj dj yks vkSj nqfu; ka dhl Hkh l q[ k l qfo/ k,a i zkIr djys vU;Fkk eR; q n.M ds fy, rS; kj gks t k,A bl i j HkkbZl rh nkl t h us mÙkj fn; k fd og eR; q : i h nqYgu dh cM+h cs&l cjh l s i zrh{kk dj jgkgSa vkSj dkt +h i j O; ax djrs gq, eqLdqjk fn; sA dkt +h cks[ kyk x; k vkSj ml us mudks :bZes yi sV dj t yk Mkyus dk vkns'k fn; kA ml dk fopkj Fkk fd t hfor t yus l s O; fDrdh vkRek nkst +d (ujd) dks t krh gSaA

bl i zdkj xq:nso ds rhuksa fl [ k l kFkh g¡l &g¡l dj ' kghnh i kdj fl [ k bfrgklesa u; s fn'kk&funsZ'k o dhfrZeku dh LFkki uk dj x; sA vkSj vkus okyh i hf<+; ksa ds fy,

i zsj.kknk; d ekxZ NksM+ x; sA HkkbZ l rh nkl t h xq: ?kj esa ys[ ku dk dk; Z djrs FksA




3737

xq: r sx cgknqj l kgc t h d h ' kghnh

t c vkSjaxt s+c vFkok dkt +h] xq: rsx cgknqj l kgc dks ckrksa l s i zHkkfor u dj

l ds rks mUgksaus xq:nso rFkk vU; f' k"; ksa dks dbZ i zdkj ds ykyp fn; s ckr rc Hkh u

curh ns[ k dj mUgksaus dbZ i zdkj dh ; kruk,a nh vkSj eR; q dk Hk; fn[ kk; k bl i j

mUgksaus vey Hkh fd; kA xq:nso dks Hk; Hkhr djus ds fy, muds l ax rhuksa fl D[ kksa dks

Øe'k% vkjs l s phj dj] i kuh esa mcky dj rFkk #bZ fyi sV dj ft ank t ykdj] xq: t h

dh vk¡[ kks ds l keus ' kghn dj fn; k fdUrq bu ?kVukvksa dk xq:nso i j dksbZ i zHkko u

gksrk ns[ kdj vkSjaxt +sc ckS[ kyk x; k vkSj ml us xq:nso dks ' kghn djus dh ?kks"k.kk

djok nhA bu ' kghnh ?kVuk Øeksa dks ns[ krs gq, xq#nso ds vU; l sodksa us] xkao jdkc

xat ds HkkbZ yD[ kh 'kkg l s fey dj ,d ; kst uk cukbZ fd xq# nso ds ' kghn gks t kus

i j mu ds i kfFkZd ' kjhj dh l sok l EHkky rqjUr dh t k, vkSj bl ; kst uk ds vuql kj

mUgksaus ,d fo'ks"k cSy xkM+h rS;kj dhA ft l ds uhps ,d l Unwd cuk; k x; k] ft l dk

<Ddu Åi j l s [ kqyrk FkkA HkkbZ TkSrk t h uked fl D[ k xq#nso ds ' kh'k dh l EHkky

djus ds fy, vyx l s rS;kj gqvkA

vkSjaxt s+c ds bl Qjeku ds l kFk gh i z' kkl u us l eLr fnYyh uxj esa MkSaMh

fi Vok nh fd fgUn ds i hj* xq# rsxcgknqj dks e| j l qnh i apeh l aor 1732 dks 11

uoEcj l u~ 1675 bZ0 pkUnuh pkSd pcwr js i j dRy dj fn; k t k,xkA bl n' ; dks

ns[ kus ogka fo'kky t u l eqg meM+ i M+k t ks fd cscl gksus ds dkj.k ewd n'kZd cuk jgkA

fuf'pr l e; xq#nso dks pcwr js i j cSBk; k x; kA xq#t h rks ekufl d : i l s

i gys gh vkRe cfynku ds fy, rS; kj gksdj vk; s FksA l Pps vkè;kfRed egki q#"k gksus

ds dkj.k l eFkZ gksrs gq, Hkh] peRdkj fn[ kkdj i jekRek dk ' kjhd(i zfr }Unh) cuus

dh vuhfr ugha pkgrs FksA vr% dkft ; ksa dks gB l s eqfDr i kus ds fy, xq#nso us mUgsa

ew[ kZ cukus dh BkuhA mUgksaus dkx+t i j Qkjl h esa dqN fy[ kdj vi uh xnZu l s ckU/

fy; k vkSj dkft +; ksa l s cksys yks esjk peRdkj ns[ kksA eSaus ; g rkoht + fy[ kdj xys esa cka/

fy; k gSA vc rqEgkjk t Yykn eq>s ekj ugha l drkA dkt h pdes esa vk x,A mUgksusa




3838

t Yykn dks xq: t h dh xnZu i j ryokj dk okj t jk t ksj l s pykus dks vkns'k fn; k

i fj.kker% xnZu rks dVuh gh Fkh] i jUrq ml rkcht esa D; k fy[ kk gS] ; g ns[ kus ds fy,

dkt +h yi dsA fy[ kk Fkk&'kghn dHkh ejrk ugha ml ds ,d&,d cwUn [ kwu l s vusdkas

'kghn i Snk gksrs gSaA dkt +h vi uk&l k eqag ysdj jg x; sA i jUrq dkft ; ksa dh ft Kkl k dk

ykHk mBkrs gq, ogka fudV l V dj [ kM+s HkkbZ t Srk us yi d dj QqrhZ l s xq:nso dk

'kh'k mBkdj vi uh >ksyh esa Mkyk vkSj HkhM+ es vyksi gks x; k rFkk fcuk :ds] uxj

ds ckgj i zrh{kk esa [ kM+s HkkbZ Ånk t h l s t k feykA ml l e; mu nksuksa fl D[ kksa us vi uh

os"k&Hkw"kk eqxyksa t Sl h cukbZ gqbZ FkhA ft l dkj.k budks vkuan i qj ( l kgc) dh r jQ

c<+us esa l gk; rk feyhA

'kh'k ds yki rk gks t kus i j vSkjaxt +sc us ' kgj Hkj esa <ksaMh fi VokbZ fd ; fn dksbZ

xq: dk fl [ k (f' k"; ) gS rks mu ds ' kjhj dk vfUre l aLdkj djus ds fy, vkxs vk,A

i jUrq vSkjaxt +sc ds Hk; ds dkj.k xq:nso dh vaR; sf"V fØ; k ds fy, Hkh dksbZ l keus ugha

vk,A i jUrq ; kst uk ds vuql kj] HkkbZ yD[ kh ' kkg vi uh cSy xkfM;ksa ds dkQys ds l kFk

pkUnuh pkSad l s xqt js t ks fd yky fdys esa l jdkjh l eku NksM+ dj oki l ykSV jgs FksA

i zdfr us Hkh mu dk l kFk fn; kA ml l e; ogka t ksjksa l s vka/ h pyus yxh FkhA vka/ h dk

ykHk mBkrs gq, mUgksaus xq#nso ds ' ko i j pknj Mkydj >V l s mBk fy; k vkSj l Unwd

okyh csy xkM+h esa j[ kdj Åi j l s <Ddu can dj ml i j pVkbZ fcNk nhA vkSj xkM+h

gkadrs gq, vkxs c<+ x,A vka/ h ds dkj.k] ogka i j [ kM+s fl i kgh ' ko dks mBkrs l e;

fdl h dks Hkh u ns[ k l dsA {k.k Hkj esa ' ko ds [ kks t kus i j l ar fj; ksa us cgqr [ kkst chu

dh i jUrq os vl Qy jgsA bl i zdkj HkkbZ yD[ kh 'kkg dk dkQyk xq#nso dk 'ko xqIr

: i l s ys t kus esa l Qy gks x; kA mu fl D[ kksa us rc xq#nso ds ' ko dks vi us ?kj ds

Hkhr j gh j[ kdj fprk dks vkx yxk nh rFkk gYyk epk fn; k fd mu ds ?kj dks vkx

yx xbZ gSaA bl i zdkj vkSjaxt s+c ds Hk; ds gksrs gq, Hkh xq# ds fl D[ kksa us xq#nso dk

vfUre l aLdkj ; qfDr l s xqIr : i esa l Ei u dj fn; kA (vkt dy ml LFkku i j jdkc

xat uked xq#¼kjk gSaaA)

nwl jh vksj HkkbZ t Srk t h vkSj mu ds l kFkh yEch ; k=kk djrs gq, dhrZi qj




3939

( l kgc) i gqpsA t Sl s gh ; g l ans'k ekrk ukudh t h rFkk i fjokj dks feyk fd xq#nso us

vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr ekuork ds ewy vf/ dkjksa dh l qj{kk gsrq ns nh gS vkSj mu dk

'kh'k ,d fl D[ k dhrZi qj ( l kgc) ysdj i g¡qp x; k gS rks os l Hkh fl D[ kksa l fgr

vxokuh djus dhrZi qj ( l kgc) i gq¡ps ml l e; Hkys gh okrkoj.k esa nq%[ k vkSj ' kksd

dh ygj Fkh i jUrq xksfcUn jk; l Hkh dks / S; Z dk i kB i <+k jgs Fks vkSj mUgksasus vi uh

nknh ek¡ o ekrk xqt jh t h l s dgk fd xq#ok.kh ekxZ n'kZu djrs gq, l ans'k nsrh gSA&

t ue eju nqggw efg ukgh] t u i j mi d kjh vk, AA

t hv nkuq ns Hkxr h ykbfu] gfj fl m ySu feyk, AA i "B 749

dhrZi qj ( l kgc) i gq¡p dj HkkbZ t Srk t h l s Lo; a xksfcUn jk; t h us vi us fi rkJh xq# rsx cgknqj l kgc dk ' kh'k i zkIr fd; k vkSj HkkbZ t Srk t ks jaxjsVk dchys ds l kFkl EcfU/ r FksA mu dks vi us vfyaxu esa fy; k vkSj ojnku fn; k ^ jaxjsVk xq# dkcsVk**A fopkj gqvk fd xq#nso t h ds ' kh'k dk vfUre l aLdkj dgka fd; k t k,A nknheka o ekrk xqt jh us i jke'kZ fn; k fd vkuani qj ( l kgc) dh uxjh xq#nso t h us Lo; acl kbZ gSa vr% mu ds ' kh'k dh vaR; sf"V ogh dh t k,A bl i j ' kh'k dks i kydh esavkauni qj ( l kgc) yk; k x; k vkSj ogka ' kh'k dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k x; k l Hkh us xq#nsods i kfFkZd ' kh'k dks J¼k l qeu vfi Zr fd, rn~i 'pkr fof/ or~ nkg l aLdkj fd; kx; kA

dqN fnuksa ds i ' pkr HkkbZ xq#fnrk t h Hkh xq#nso dk vfUre gqDeukek ysdjvkauni qj ( l kgc) i gq¡p x; sA og gqDeukek mUgsa cUnh [ kkus ds l QkbZ dZepkjh }kjki zkIr gqvk FkkA gqDe ukes esa xq#nso t h dk vkns'k Fkk fd t Sl s fd mUgkasaus vkauni qj( l kgc) l s pyrs l e; ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh fd mudss i ' pkr xq# ukud nso t h ds nl osamÙkjkf/ dkjh xksfcUn jk; gksaxsA Bhd ml h bPNk vuql kj xq# xíh dh l Hkh vkSi pkfjrk,al Ei u dj nh t k,A ml gqDeukes i j i fjokj ds l Hkh l nL; ksa vkSj vU; i zeq[ k fl D[ kksaus ' kh'k >wdk; k vkSj fu'p; fd; k fd vkus okyk cSl k[ kh dks ,d fo'ks"k l ekjksg dk

v; kst u dj xksfcUn jk; t h dks xqfjvkbZ l kSai us dh fof/ or~ ?kks"k.kk djrs gq, l Hkh

/ kfeZd i kjEi fjd jhfr ; ka i w.kZ dj nh t k,xhA




4040

xq:nso ds ' kh'k ds nkg&l aLdkj ds i ' pkr ] xq:nso ds ufer i zHkq pj.kksa es

vfUre vjnkl ds fy, ' kksd l Hkk dk v; kst u fd; k x; kA t gka xq: ?kj ds i zoDrkvksa

us xq:nso t h ds fu"dke] fu"LokFkZ rFkk i jfgr ds fy, cfynku i j vi uh vi uh

J¼kat fy vfi Zr djrs gq, dgk & Jh x: rsxcgknqj l kgc t h okLro esa opu ds

'kwjchj Fks mUgksaus et +yweksas ds / eZ&j{kk gsrq vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsdj ,d vf}rh;

cfynku fn; k gS t ks i qdkj&i qdkj dj muds bl egku ekuoh; fl ¼kUr dh i q"Vh dj

jgk gSA

¶ckag ft Ugkanh i d fM+; s] fl j nht S ckag u NksfM+; sA

i zoDrk us dgk & ; gka ; g crkuk vko' ; d gS fd xq:nso us dk'ehjh i afMrksa

dh ckag bl fy, ugha Fkkeh fd os fgUnw Fks] os bl fy, fd os ' kfDr ghu Fks] vR;kpkjksa

ds f' kdkj FksA uk gh vkSjaxt sc ds l kFk xq:nso dks bl dkj.k oSj Fkk fd og eqLyeku

FkkA t cfd bl dkj.k fd og nhu&ghu vkSj v' kDr O; fDr ; ksa i j vR; kpkj djrk

FkkA ; fn HkkX; o'k vkSjaxt +sc] i afMrksa ds LFkku i j gksrk vkSj i f.Mr ] vkSjaxt s+c ds LFkku

i j gksrs rks xq:nso dh l gk; rk vkSjxat +sc dh vksj gksrh i zoDrk us dgk & xq:nso us

ekuo l ekt ds l e{k vn~Hkqr mnkgj.k i zLrqr fd; s gSA ; g ckr bfrgkl esa i gyh ckj

?kfVr gqbZ gS fd edrqy ( ' kghn gksus okyk) dkfry (gR; k djus okyk) ds i kl

vi uh bPNk l s x; kA ,sl k djds xq:nso us mYVh xaxk cgk nhA var esa xksfcUn jk; t h

us Hkh vi us fi rk Jh xq: rsx cgknqj t h dks vi uh J¼kat fy vfi Zr djrs gq, dgk gSa %&

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •




4141

fr yd t ××kw j k[ kk i zHk r kd kA

d huks cMks d yw ekfg l kd kA

l k/ fu gsfr br h ft fu d jhA

l hl q nh; k i # l h u mpjhA

/ je gsfr l kd k ft fu d hvkA

l hl q nhvk i : fl j : u nhvkA

ukVd psVd d h, d qd kt kA

i zHk yksxu d g vkor ykt kA

Bhd fj Qksfj fnyhfl fl fj i zHk i qj d h; k i ; kuA

r sx cgknqj l h fØvk d jh u fd ugw vkuA

r sx cgknwj d s pyr Hk; ks t xr d ks l ksd A

gS gS gS l Hk t x Hk; ks t S t S t S l qj yksd A fofp=k ukVd

vFkkZr & xq: rsx cgknwj t h us bl dkfy; qx esa fryd ,oa t usÅ dh j{kk gsrq

vi uk ' kjhj : i h Bhdjk fnYyh i fr vkSjaxt +sc ds fl j i j QksM+ fn; k gSA ft l dkj.k ekr

yksd esa yksx vk'p; Z esa gS gh fdUrq nso yksx esa Hkh bl vn~Hkqr ?kVuk i j mu dh Lrqfr

gks jgh gSA D; ksafd bl i zdkj i jgfr ds fy, bl l s i gys dHkh fdl h us Hkh vi us i zk.kksa

dh vkgqfr ugha nh FkhA

t c xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h dks HkkbZ xqjfnÙkk t h }kjk Kkr gqvk fd xq:

rsxcgknqj l kgc t h ds i kfFkZd ' kjhj dh vaR; kf"V fd; k xqIr : i esa l Ei u dh xbZ

D; ksafd vkSjaxt +c }kjk MkSaMh fi Vk dj pqukSfr nh xbZ Fkh fd gS dksbZ xq: dk f' k"; ! t ks

muds ' ko dk vfUre l aLdkj djds fn[ kk, !!! bl ?kVuk i j mudks cgqr Xykfu gqbZA

vr% og dg mBs&ft u yksxksa dh j{kk gsrq fi rk t h us vi uk cfynku fn; k ogh yksx

ogka i j ewd n'kZd cudj rek'kk ns[ krs jgsA muds ' kghn gks t kus i j Hkh fdl h us

l kgl dj mudh vaR; ksf"V Hkh ml h l e; Li "V : i esa ugha dh rFkk fdl h us Hkh




4242

' kkl dksa ds fo:¼ jks"k i zdV djus gsrq dksbZ ukjk&ckt h ugha dhA l e; vkus i j l c ds

l c fl j fNi kdj Hkkx [ kM+s gq,A bl h dkj.k ekuork ds i {k/ j dk ' ko ogka i j i M+k

jgkA Hkyk ,sl s fl D[ kksa (f' k"; ksa) dh D; k vko' ; drk gS t ks i jh{kk dh ?kM+h vkus i j

t ku cpkdj Hkkx x; s gksa\ fl D[ k rks ogh gS t ks l e; vkus i j vi us l hus i j gkFk

/ j dj dgs fd og xq:nso dk fl D[ k gSa rFkk mu ds ,d l adsr i j vi uk ru] eu]

/ u U; kSNkokj dj l drk gSA f' k"; rks ,sl k gksuk pkfg, t ks yk[ kksa yksxksa esa ,d Hkh [ kM+k

gks rks og vi us U;kjsi u ds dkj.k Li "V vkSj fHkUu fn[ kkb nsA

vkSjaxt s+c us rks l e>k fd xq: rsxcgknqj dh gR; k djokds ml ds ekxZ dk jksM+k

l nSo ds fy, gV x; k gS i jUrq bl ' kgknr us l eLr Hkkjr okfl ; ksa dk l huk

Nyuh&Nyuh dj fn; kA Øks/ ] ?k.kk vkSj cnys dh Hkouk dh ,sl h vfXu i zTofyr gqbZ

fd xq: ukud ds i aFk dks ' kkafr vkSj vfgal k dk ekxZ R; kx dj ryokj mBkuh i M+hA

bl l c dk i fj.kke HkfDr esa ' kfDr vk feyhA

xq:nso dh bl vkf}rh; ' kgknr dh ,d fo'ks"krk ; g gSa fd ' ks"k nqfu; ka ds

'kghnksa dks rks et +cwju vFkok cyi woZd ' kghn fd; k t krk gSA i jUrq xq:nso Lo; a vi us

gR; kjs ds i kl vi uh bPNk l s ' kghn gksus ds fy, vkuani qj ( l kgc) l s fnYyh vk,A bl

fuysZi vkSj i jekFkZ cfynku ds i fj.kke Hkh rks vf}rh; gh mi yC/ gksus FksA xq: xksfcUn

fl a?k dks et cwjh esa ryokj dk l gkjk ysuk i M+kA bl fl ¼kUr dks mUgksaus Li "V djus ds

fy, Qkjl h Hkk"kk esa fo'o ds l e{k ,d ,sl k fu;e i zLrqr fd; k t ks t Ue t UekUr j ds

fy, l R; fl ¼ gksrk jgsxkA

pwad kj vt + ges ghyr s nj xt +' kr ]

gyky vLr cqjnu c& ' ke' khj nLr A ( t +Qj ukek)

HkkokFkZ ft l dk Hkko gS] t c dksbZ vU; l k/ u ' ks"k u jgs rks O; fDr dk / eZ gS

fd ryokj gkFk esa mBk ysA rkdr ds vgadkj esa va/ h gqbZ eqx+y l Ùkk i j ekuoh;

ncko dkbZ i zHkko u Mky l drk FkkA ' kfDr dk mÙkj ' kfDr gh FkhA

vi us i wT; fi rk Jh xq: rsxcgknqj t h dh ' kgknr l s xq: xkfcUn fl a?k dks nks




4343

ckrsa Li "V i zdV gks pdh FkhA ,d rks ; g fd vk'kDr O; fDr dk dksbZ / eZ ugha gksrkA

nqfu; ka ds ykyp vFkok ekSr dk Mj nsdj mUgsa Qql yk; k t k l drk gS vkSj / eZ l s

i fr r fd; k t k l drk gSA vkSjaxt sc ds et +gch ncko ds uhps vl a[ ; fgUnqvksa dk

/ eZ i fjorZu dj nsuk bl ckr dk l cwr gSaA bu ckrksa dks eq[ ; j[ kdj xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

t h us 'kfDr ds l kFk VDdj ysus gsrq ryokj mBk yhA bl fy, ugha fd os dksbZ i zkUr

i j fot ; i zkIr dj vi uk jkT; LFkkfi r djuk pkgrs gSaA u gh bl fy, fd bLyke l s

mUgsa fdl h i zdkj dk oSj vFkok fojks/ FkkA l a; ksxo'k l e; dh l jdkj eql yekuksa dh

FkhA ; fn vR; kpkj fgUnqvksa dh vksj l s gksrk rks ryokj dk : [ k mudh vksj gksrkA ; g

ryokj rks / eZ ; q¼ ds fy, mBkbZ xbZA fdl h fo'ks"k et +gc ds fo: / vFkok vf/ dkj

ds fy, ughaA dsoy U;k; vkSj ekuork ds gsrq xq:nso us vi us t hou dk y{; i znf' kZr

djrs gq, Lo; a fofp=k ukVd* esa fy[ kk gSa

ge bg d kt t xr eks vk, AA

/ je gsr xqjnso mBk, AA

t gka r gka r qe / j e fc/ kj ksAA

nql V nks[ khvu i d fj i NkjksAA42AA

bgS d kt / j k ge t uee~]

l e> ysgq l k/ w l Hk eueaA

/ je pykou l ar mckju]

nq"V l eu d kS ewy mi kjuAA43AA

nq"Vksa dk uk'k vkSj l Urksa dh j{kk gh muds t hou dk euksjFk gSaA

• l ekIr •Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



4444

f} r h; vè; k;

xq# xíh vyad r l ekjksg

xksfcUn jk; t h dks xq# xíh l efi Zr djus ds fy, ,d fo' ks"k l ekjksg dk

vk; kst u fd; k x; kA ft l esa x.kekU; vfr fFk; ksa dks vkeaf=kr djds l Hkh i zdkj dh

vkSi pkfjdrk,a i wjh djus ds fy, ,d HkO; l ekxe jpk x; kA xq: e; kZnk vuql kj ckck

cqM~<k t h ds i kS=k HkkbZ jke dqoj t h }kjk ; g dqyjhfr l Ei Uu dj nh xbZ vkSj Jh xq:

rsx cgknqj l kgc ds vkns'k vuql kj fof/ or ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ fd Jh xq: ukud nso t h

ds nl osa mÙkjkf/ dkjh vkt l s xksfcUn jk; t h gksaxsA bl l ekjksg esa cgqr nwj&nwj l s

l axrksa us Hkkx fy; kA ft l l s l ekjksg dh ppkZ pkjksa vksj QSy xbZA bl i zdkj xksfcUn

jk; t h xq: i noh l s foHkwf"kr dj fn; s x; sA

vkuUni qj dk uxj] fcykl i qj ds ujs' k HkhepUn ds jkT; esa FkkA ; g LFkku xq:

rsx cgknqj t h us ewY; nsdj HkhepUn ds fi rk jkt k nhi pUn l s [ kjhnk FkkA t c ml dks

xq: t h ds fryd l ekjksg dk i rk pyk] rc og vi us eU=kh dks cqykdj vkSj xqIr

LFkku i j cSB dj i wNus yxk & ea=kh t h ! l quk gS fd gekjs jkT; esa ,d ,sl h xíh

u'khuh gqbZ gS t Sl k fd bl l s i woZ gekjs ; gk¡ dHkh ugha gqvkA bl ns'k dh bruh i zt k

gekjs ; gk¡ dHkh Hkh ugha vkbZ D; k ; s l ekpkj fnYyh i fr vkSjaxt +sc ds i kl ugha i gqapsxs

\ vkSj ft l us ns'k dks d¡i k j[ kk gSA ft l us muds fi rk dh gR; k djokbZ gS] D; k og

ge l s ugha i wNsxk fd rqeus vi us jkT; esa ,sl k D; ksa gksus fn; k \ * ea=kh t h us

uezrki woZd mÙkj fn; k & jkt k ! eq>s l eLr l ekpkjksa dk i rk gSA eSaus vi us i q=k dks

ogk¡ i j Hkst k Fkk fd eq>s i wjk fooj.k fey t k; sA vr% og i zR; {kn'khZ gSA jkt u ! og

xíh xq: ukud dh gSA ft uds fl D[ k nf{k.k esa fl agynhi rd] i woZ esa vkl ke rd]

i f' pe esa cy[ k&cq[ kkjs rd vkSj mr j esa yík[ k&frCcr rd QSys gq, gSaA mudh xíh

ds l ekjksg ds l e; HkhM+ rks vo' ; gh gksuh FkhA D; ksafd og i wT; gSA jgh ckr mudh

fopkj/ kjk dh rks og fuHkZ; gSA vkSjaxt +sc us uosa xq: dh gR; k djokbZ gS] bl l s muds




4545

vuq; k; h vkSj vf/ d nysj vkSj l kgl h gks x; s gSa] ncs ughaA bl fy, eSaus fopkj fd; k

gS budks NsM+dj xys u i M+us fn; k t k; sA t Sl s fd vkSjaxt +sc us uosa xq:nso ds l kFk fd; k

gSA bl ds foi jhr ; fn ; s c<s rks og Lo; a l e> ysxkA n'ke xq: vHkh cPpk gSA l e;

gh crk; sxk fd og fdruk i zfrHkkoku fudyrk gS \ vHkh vk;q gS gh fdruh \ ; fn

vkSjaxt +sc gel s i wNsxk rks ge dgsaxs fd gt wj dh vksj l s dksbZ gqDe vk; k gh ugha Fkk

bl fy, vki dh jkt uSfrd pky dk i rk u gksus ds dkj.k geus Lo; a dqN ugha fd; k

bl fy, gs jkt u ! eSaus vki dh vksj l s nLrkj ugha Hkst h rkfd ge vi uh mnkl hurk ml

l e; Li "V dj l dsA ;g l qudj ujs' k l Urq"V gks x; kA

xq: xíh i j fojkt rs gh xq: xksfcan jk; (fl a?k) t h us xq: i jEi jk dh fopkj/kjk dks HkfDr l s ' kfDr ds i fjos'k esa cny ysus dk fu.kZ; dj fy; kA ; ksa Hkh vR; kpkjh'kkl u ds fo:¼ mUgsa ?k.kk gksuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA cpi u l s gh vL=k&'kL=kksa rFkk'kL=k fo| k l s mUgsa i zse FkkA mudh cky&ØhM+k,a ,sl s gh vk; kst uksa l s l EcfU/ r gksrh FkhAvc Lo;a l kf/ dkj gksus i j mUgksaus vi us l sodksa esa Hkh ' kkS; Z] mRl kg] l eLr ekuork dsi zfr i zse dh Hkkouk,a Hkjuk vkjEHk dj fn; k 1 xq:nso us l Hkh i zdkj ds ' kL=k bR; kfn,df=kr djus ds fy, l eLr fl [ k l axrksa ds fy, ,d fo' ks"k vkns'k t kjh dj fn; k fdgekjh i zl Uurk dsoy mu J¼kyqvksa i j gksxh t ks j.k{ks=k esa dke vkus okyh oLrq,a HksaVdjsaxsA bl i zdkj xq: xíh i j fojkt eku gksrs gh xksfcUn jk; t h us Hkfo"; esa vkus okyhl Hkh i zdkj dh l eL; kvksa dk l keuk djus ds fy, rS; kfj; ka i zkjEHk dj nhA ft l dsvUrxZr mUgksaus vi us fl [ k ; qodksa ds Hkhr j ' kL=k fo| k] ?kqM+&l okjh] f' kdkj] rSjkdhvkfn i q: "kRoksa ds [ ksyksa dh vksj : fp c<+kuk ' kq: dj fn; kA l axr dks rS; kj cj rS; kjjgus] 'kL=k / kj.k djus vkSj ' kL=kksa dk vH; kl djus dks dgkA bu vkns'kksa dks l qudjxqjfl [ k ; qod vi us ' kL=k vkSj vi uk ; kSou xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa l efi Zr djus ds fy,vkuani qj l kgc i gqapus yxsA vkuUni qj esa xq:nso us ; q¼ i zf' k{k.k dsUnz LFkkfi r dj fn; sAl kgl Hkjus ds fy, dbZ i zdkj dh i zfr ; ksfxrkvksa dk vk; kst u djus yxs vkSj fot ; h; qodksa dks i zksRl kgu nsus ds fy, i qjLdkjksa l s l e; l e; i j l Eekfur djrsA bl dsvfr fjDr vkRefuHkZj cuus ds fy, vkuUni qj esa gh ' kL=k o canwdsa <kyus dk dkj[ kkuk

Hkh yxk fy; k ft l ds fy, nwl js i zkUrksa l s dq'ky dkjhxj eaxok,aA




4646

xq:nso us njckj esa cSBus ds u; s fu; e cuk,A t gka i gys ekyk ysdj l axr

cSBrh Fkh vc ; ks¼kvksa dks ' kL=k / kj.k djds cSBus dk vkns'k fn; k x; k vkSj Lo; a Hkh

rkt &dyxh bR; kfn jkt kvksa t Sl h os'k&Hkw"kk i gu dj fl agkl u i j fojkt eku gksus

yxsA vki ohj&jl dh dforkvksa esa : fp ysus yxsA bl i zdkj vki dk vf/ dr j

l e; ' kwjohjksa dh okjsa l quus esa O; rhr gksus yxkA

j kt k j ke fl ag }kj k ?kksM+s HksaV

jkt k jke fl ag vHkh vkl ke esa gh Fkk fd Jh xq: rsxcgknqj t h dh ' kgknr gks

xbZA t c og fnYyh i gqapk rks ml dks xq:nso dh ' kghnh ds fo"k; esa Kkr gqvk vkSj ml s

vkSjaxt +sc i j cgqr Xykfu gqbZA og xq:nso ds i jksi dkjksa dks Hkyk dSl s Hkqyk l drk FkkA

vkSjaxt +sc vt esj dh vksj i zkFkZuk djus pyk x; k rHkh jkt k jke fl ag Jh xq: xksfcan

jk; t h ds n'kZukFkZ vkuani qj vk; kA ml us i k¡p cf<+; k ?kksM+s HkasV fd; s vkSj xq: rsxcgknqj

t h dks J¼kt ayh vfi Zr djrs gq, 'kksd O; Dr fd; kA fdUrq xksfcUn jk; t h us l eLr

?kVukØe dks i jes'oj dk gqDe dg dj l kekU; fLFkfr cuk; s j[ khA

HkkbZ y[ kh ' kkg

vkuani qj esa i zfr fnu jkSud c<+ jgh FkhA fl D[ k l axrsa i zfr fnu nwj nwj l s n'kZuksa

dks vkus yxhA ,d fnu fnYyh dh l axr vkbZ muesa yqok.kk dchys dk fl D[ k HkkbZ

yD[ kh 'kkg o.kt kjk Hkh FkkA nhoku esa t c vkl k dh okj dh l ekfIr gqbZ] l axrksa dh

r jQ l s HksaVsa i zLrqr dh xbZ rc fd'kksj ewfrZ xksfcUn jk; t h us HkkbZ y[ kh l s i wNk] gs

esjs i je Lusgh fl D[ k ! vki us fdl i zdkj l rxq: t h dh nsg l aHkkyh Fkh vkSj nkg

l aLdkj fd; k Fkk \ * bl i j y[ kh ' kkg us nzfor us=kksa l s l eLr ?kVuk foLrkji woZd dg

l qukbZ fd fdl i zdkj os yksx ; kst ukc¼ fu; e l s ' ko dh l sok l aHkky djus esa l Qy

gq,A ;g orkUr l Hkh i gys Hkh l qu pqds FksA fdUrq Hkko vkos'k esa l Hkh us i qu% d: .kke;

xkFkk l quhA y[ kh ' kkg us crk; k fd ge rks ,d l k/ uek=k Fks okLro esa gekjh i x&i x




4747

i j i zdfr l gk; rk dj jgh FkhA i gys vk¡/ h rwQku ds : i esa fQj l ar fj; ksa dks Hkze esa

Mky djA bl hfy, ge yksxksa us ml h l e; fprk vi us edku esa gh cukdj ml s vkx

yxk nhA ckn esa l eLr foHkwfr dks ,d rkacs dh xkxj esa Hkj dj ogha ml h LFkku i j

nck fn; k gSA bl i j xq:nso us dgk vHkh ogk¡ i j i Ddk pcwr jk cuk nks vkSj fu' kku

dk; e dj nksA l e; vk; sxk t c gekjs fl [ k fnYyh i j fot ; i zkIr djsaxs rks ogk¡ HkO;

Hkou dk fuekZ.k dj ' kghnksa dk l ekjd mt kxj djsaxsA

xksfcUn jk; t h us y[ kh'kkg l s i wNk & y[ kh ! fnYyh esa rks fl D[ kksa dh fxurh

cgqr gSA ml l e; os D; ksa ugha l keus vk; s \ mÙkj esa HkkbZ y[ kh'kkg us dgk & gs

xq:nso ! fnYyh esa fur u; s mi nzo gksrs gh jgrs gSaA bl fy, i zt k l geh gqbZ gSA ckn'kkg

dk cM+k =kkl gSA fl D[ k cgqr de gSa vkSj xjhc gSaA Hk; Hkhr djus ds fy, dbZ fl D[ kksa

dks Hkh d"V fn; s x; s gSaA bl fy, dksbZ l kgl cVksj dj l keus ugha vk i k; kA buesa eSa

Hkh l fEefyr gw¡A cl ; g l sok vki dh di k l s djus esa l Qy gks i k; k gw¡A l kjs fl D[ k

nq[ kh gSaA fdUrq Hk; l s fopfyr gSaA ; g l qu xq:nso esa ,d rst e; fnO; vkHkk t xexk

mBh vkSj og ohj jl esa dg mBs & eSa ,sl s yksxksa dk xq: dgyokuk gh ugha pkgrk

t ks foi fÙkdky esa fNi t k,aA eSa rks ,sl s fl D[ k (f' k"; ) dk fuekZ.k d: ¡xk t ks vi us

U; kjsi u l s yk[ kksa esa nf"Veku gksxk vkSj og dg mBsxk fd eSa vi us xq:nso ds ,d

l adsr i j vi uk ru] eu] / u l eLr U; kSNkoj djus dks rRi j gwaA

uUgha vk; q l s gh xq:nso dks ?kksM+s dh l okjh vkSj / uq"k ck.k pykus dk ' kkSd Fkk]

t ks vc c<+ dj t uwu dk : i / kj.k dj x; kA vki vc vi uk vf/ dka'k l e; ' kL=k

fo| k ds vH; kl esa O; rhr djrsA vki ds fuR; deZ esa ver csyk esa vkl k dh okj*

dk dhrZu vMksy vkl u yxkdj l qurs vkSj dhrZu dh l ekfIr i j Lo; a l axrksa dks

l Ecks/ u dj i zopu djrsA vjnkl l qudj vuqdai k Hkh djrs vkSj l axrksa ds l ax mu

ds l q[ k nq[ k i j fopkj foe'kZ Hkh djrsA rn~i 'pkr Hkkst u ds fy, mBdj ?kj pys t krs

; gk¡ vki t h vi uh ekrk xqt jh t h }kjk rS; kj Hkkst u xzg.k djrsA dqN foJke ds

i 'pkr i kB'kkyk i gqap t krs] ; gk¡ vki vi uh vk; q ds fd'kkjksa ds l kFk fo| k vè; ; u

esa O;Lr jgrsA nksi gj dks vi us ; ks¼kvksa dk ; q¼ vH; kl ns[ krs vkSj vi us ck.kksa l s u; s




4848

u; s dkS'ky fn[ kkrs] bl dk; Z ds fy, vki t h ykgkSj l s fo' ks"k i zdkj ds rhj eaxokrsA

vki us vi uh cqvk] chch ohjks t h ds i q=kksa rFkk vi us rkÅ l qjt ey ds i ksrs t ks rhjankt h

?kqM+l okjh vkSj cUnwd pykus esa cgqr i zoh.k FksA mudks vi us i kl j[ k fy; k vkSj buds

l kFk feydj fuR; vL=k ' kL=k pykus ds vH; kl esa yhu jgus yxsA rhl js i gj vki

f' kdkj dks t krsA

xksfcUn j k; t h d k l e; vkSj i fj fLFkfr ; ka

vi us i wT; fi rk Jh xq: rsxcgknqj l kgc dh ' kgknr l s xq: xksfcUn jk; t h dks

nks ckrsa Li "V i zdV gks pqdh FkhA ,d rks ; g fd v' kDr O; fDr dk dksbZ / eZ ugha

gksrkA nqfu; ka ds ykyp vFkok ekSr dk Mj nsdj mUgsa Qql yk; k t k l drk gSA / eZ l s

i fr r fd; k t k l drk gSA vkSjaxt +sc ds et +gch ncko ds uhps vl a[ ; fgUnqvksa dk

/ eZ i fjorZu dj ysuk bl ckr dk l cwr FkkA nwl jk v' kDr O; fDr ; ksa dk / eZ i k[ k.Mksa]

Hkzeksa vkSj LokFkZo'k dh xbZ pkykfd; ksa] / ks[ kk] Qjsc vkSj xjhc vui <+ t urk dks

[ kks[ kys jhfr&fjokt ksa ds pØO;wg esa Qal kus dk uke gSA ; g ckr vkuUni qj ds i M+ksl esa

cl us okys i gkM+h jkt kvksa ds O; ogkj l s fl ¼ gks pqdh FkhA ,d vksj rks og

t kfr&i kfr ] Nwr&Nkr] ewfrZ i wt k ds gd esa Fks vkSj nwl jh vksj vkSjaxt +sc ds fi êòwA xq:

xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t Sl s LorU=k fopkjoku] dsoy ,d i zHkq dks ekuus okys vkSj t kfr

i kfr ds HksnHkko l s Åi j mBdj Hkzeksa ds t at kyksa dk [ k.Mu djus okys O; fDr dk /

eZ bUgsa dgk¡ Hkk l drk FkkA bl l anHkZ esa i oZrh; ujs' kksa us fopkjk fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

ds gksrs gq, mudh nky ugha xyus dhA l kFk gh xq: l kgc rks eqx+y l ezkV l s VDdj

ysus dh rS; kfj; ka dj jgs gSaA mudk l kFk nsuk eqxyksa dks vi uk ' k=kq cuk ysus dh ckr

gSA

bu dkj.kksa l s os xq: xksfcUn fl a?k l s Hk; vuqHko djrs gq, mUgsa vkuani qj l s

fudkyus dh ; qfDr ; ka <w¡<us yxsA vr% os O; FkZ dh NsM+[ kkuh djus yxsA

el an i zFkk d h l ekfIr• • • • • • • • • •




4949

el an* ' kCn vjch ds el un l s cuk gS ft l dk Hkko gS & r fd; k] xíh] r [ r

vFkok fl agkl uA vr% el an dk xq: ?kj esa vFkZ Fkk og euq"; t ks xq: xíh i j

fojkt eku l rxq: t h dk i zfr fu/ ?kksf"kr gqvk gksA t ks xqjfl [ k l axr l s vk; dk

n'kekal (nl oa/ )vFkok dkj HksaV ,d=k djrs vkSj fl D[ kh dk i zpkj i zl kj djrs FksA

mudks el an dgk t krk FkkA el an i zFkk pkSFks xq:nso Jh xq: jkenkl t h us pykbZ FkhA

bu el anksa us mu fnuksa fl D[ kh i zpkj o i zl kj esa fo'ks"k ; ksxnku fn; k i jUrq l e; O; rhr

gksus ds l kFk l kFk dbZ el an ek; k ds yksHk esa Q¡l dj vekur esa [ ; kur djus yxs FksA

i wt k ds / u l s os vi us fy, l q[ k l qfo/ k ds l k/ u ,d=k djus yxsA ; s yksx foykl h

gks t kus ds dkj.k vkyl h vkSj uhp i zofr ds gks x; sA ; s yksx ugha pkgrs Fks fd jkT;

' kfDr vFkok LFkkuh; i z' kkl u l s vucu gks ; k erHksn mRi Uu dj Vdjko dk dkj.k

cusA i jUrq m/ j xq:nso l Ùkk/ kfj; ksa dh dqVy uhfr ds fojks/ esa VDdj ysus dh

rS; kfj; ka dj jgs FksA vr% el anksa us ,sl k i zpkj djuk i zkjEHk fd; k fd VDdj ysus dh

jkg u vi ukbZ t k l ds D; ksafd muds fopkj l s i gys gh uosa xq: rsxcgknqj t h dks

vkSjaxt s+c us ' kghn djok fn; k Fkk vkSj vc ml ds l kFk VDdj ysuk eR; q dks fueaf=kr

djuk gSA dqN mnkl hu ofÙk ds fl [ k bl i zdkj ds xyr i zpkj o i zHkko esa Hkh vk x; sA

,sl s fopkjksa okys dqN fl D[ kksa us ekrk xqt jh t h dks Hkh i jke'kZ fn; k fd og xq:nso dks

l e>k,a fd fl D[ kksa dks dsoy uke l qfeju esa gh yxk; k t k, vkSj eqx+y ' kkl u esa fdl h

r jg ' kkfUr i woZd fnu dkVs t k,aA t c ,sl h ckrsa xq:nso rd i gqaph rks mUgksaus dgk &

bu el anksa dh vkRek i wt k dk / u [ kk [ kk dj eyhu gks xbZ gSA ; s vkyl h vkSj udkjk

gks x; s gSaA vkSjaxt s+c pkgrk gS fd yksx xqykeh ds Hkko esa fl j >qdk dj pysaA ge pkgrs

gSa fd fl D[ k fl j mBk dj pysaA geus rks fl D[ kksa dks bl ; ksX; cukuk gS fd os

vR; kpkjksa ds fo:¼ nhokj cudj [ kM+s gks t k,a] xqykeh dh t at hjksa dks rksM+ nsa vkSj bl

ns'k dh fdLer ds Lo; ¡ ekfyd cusaA* bUgha fnuksa ,d el an ft l dk uke nqypk FkkA

xq:nso ds n'kZuksa dks dkj HksaV ysdj mi fLFkr gqvkA fdUrq ml ds ân; esa fd'kksj

voLFkk okys xq: t h dks ns[ kdj l a' k; mRi Uu gqvkA og nqfo/ k esa fo'okl &vfo'okl

dh yM+kbZ yM+us yxkA ft l ds vUrxZr ml us l eLr dkj HksaV xq:nso dks ugha vfi Zr dh

vkSj ,d Lo.kZ ds daxuksa dk t ksM+k vi uh i xM+h esa fNi k fy; kA i jUrq xq:nso us ml s




5050

l ej.k djk; k fd ml s ,d gekjs i je Lusgh fl D[ k us dksbZ fo'ks"k oLrq dsoy gekjs

fy, nh gS t ks ml us vHkh rd ugha l kSai hA mÙkj esa el an nqypk dgus yxk & ugha

xq:nso ! eSaus ,d&,d oLrq vki dks l efi Zr dj nh gSaA bl i j xq:nso us ml s i xM+h

mrkjus dks dgk] ft l esa l s daxu fudy vk; sA ; g dkSrqd ns[ kdj l axr vk'p; Z esa i M+

xbZ vkSj nqypk {kek ; kpuk djus yxkA xq:nso us ml s {kek djrs gq, dgk & vki

yksx vc Hkz"V gks pqds gksA vr% gesa vc ; g i qjkuh i zFkk l ekIr dj l axr ds l kFk

l h/ k l Ei dZ LFkkfi r djuk gksxk vkSj xq:nso us ml h fnu el an i zFkk l ekIr djus dh

?kks"k.kk djok nhA

okLro esa [ kkyl k fuekZ.k dh dYi uk ds l kFk gh xq:nso us i aFk dh O; oLFkk esa

l a'kks/ u dk dk; Z Hkh i zkjEHk fd; kA bl l s i woZ fofHkUu i zns'kksa esa xq: ds el anksa dh

fu; qfDr; ka gqvk djrh FkhA os el an fl D[ kksa l s l sok HksaV ,d=k djus xq: njckj rd

i gq¡pkus dk dk; Z djrs FksA l sok esa bDV~Bk gqvk / u i zk; % muesa yksHk&ykyl k dh

Hkkouk,a mi t k nsrh FkhA i fj.kker% os fl D[ kksa dh dekbZ dk / u xq: pj.kksa rd

i gq¡pkus dh vi s{kk Lo; ¡ i z; ksx esa ys vkrs FksA yksHko'k l sok esa ?ki yk gksrk FkkA ,df=kr

gq, HksaV ds / u l s vk/ k gh xq: l sok esa i gqap i krk FkkA vr% xq:nso us fl D[ kksa

([ kkyl k) dks oS'kk[ kh ds ml i oZ i j vkns'k fn; k fd os l sok HksaV dk / u el anksa ds

gokys djus dh ct k; vi us gh i kl l EHkky dj j[ k NksM+s vkSj t c Hkh mUgsa xq: n'kZuksa

dk vol j i zkIr gks rHkh l kFk ysdj vkosa vkSj vi us gkFkksa xq:nso dks l efi Zr djsaA ,sl s

vkns'kksa l s el an i zFkk l ekIr gks xbZ vkSj l eLr / u xq: ds yaxj rd i gq¡pus yxkA

t y ØhM+k, a

ckY; dky voLFkk esa xksfcUn jk; t h dks i Vus uxj esa xaxk t h ds t yl s ØhM+k

djus dk ' kkSd FkkA og vkuUni qj vkdj vkSj c<+ x; kA dbZ ckj vki us vi uh vk; q ds

l kfFk; ksa ds l kFk l ryqt unh esa Luku djrs gq, nks ny LFkkfi r dj fy, vkSj rSjkdh

dh i zfr ; ksfxrk,a vk; ksft r dhA ,d ckj dh ?kVuk bl i zdkj gS fd i zfr }anh ny dk

usrk xqykc jk; i jkft r gks x; k i jUrq og vi uh i jkt ; Lohdkj ugha dj jgk FkkA ft l




5151

dkj.k xq:nso xksfcUn jk; t h us ml ds us=kksa i j t ksj t ksj l s i kuh ds NhaVs ekjus ' kq:

dj fn; sA og i kuh ds osx dks u l gu dj i k; k vkSj unh l s ckgj fudy dj Hkkx

[ kM+k gqvkA t Ynh esa ckgj njh l s vi us oL=k mBk; s vkSj i guus yxkA bl chp ml us

xyrh l s xq:nso dh i xM+h mBk dj fl j esa cka/ yhA rHkh l ar jh us crk; k fd ; g i xM+h

vki dh ugha ; g rks xq:nso dh gSA og t Ynh l s Hkwy l q/ kjus ds fopkj l s i xM+h cnyus

yxkA rHkh xq:nso Hkh ykSV vk; s vkSj mUgksaus dgk & xqykc jk; vc ; gh i xM+h

cka/ s jgksA l e; vk; sxk t c rqEgkjh Hkh i wt k gksxhA rqe Hkh dqN vkè; kfed i zkfIr ; ka

djksxsA i jUrq uezrk / kj.k djukA ft l l s l nSo l Eeku cuk jgsxkA xqykc jk; fj' rs&ukrs

esa xq:nso dk QqQsjk HkkbZ yxrk FkkA

xq: d h f=kos. kh

,d fnu xksfcUn jk; vi us QqQqjs HkkbZ; ksa rFkk l sodksa ds l ax Hkkyk QSadus dk

vH; kl dj jgs Fks rks xehZ ds dkj.k l Hkh dks I; kl l rkus yxhA fdUrq i kuh dk l zkksr

dgha fn[ kkbZ ugha fn; kA bl i j l axksg'kkg us dgk ; fn ; gha dgha t ydq.M gksrk rks

fdruk vPNk gksrkA HkkbZ dh ; g bPNk l qudj xq:nso cksys ; g dksbZ c<+h ckr ugha gSA

[ kkst us i j D; k ugha fey l drkA rHkh vki us ,d Vhys i j l adsr fd; k vkSj dgk ; gk¡

i kuh vo' ; gh feysxkA fdUrq ogka i kuh rks Fkk ughaA rHkh xq:nso us vi us Hkkys dks

l Ei w.kZ cy l s / jrh esa ns ekjk vkSj dgk & bl s fudkyks] ; gka l s rqEgkjh I; kl cq>sxhA

l Hkh us ckjh ckjh Hkkyk m[ kkM+us dh ps"Vk dh i jUrq vl Qy jgsA rn~i 'pkr Lo; a gh

xq:nso us ?kksM+s i j cSBs cSBs ml s m[ kkM+kA ml Hkkys ds / jrh l s ckgj vkrs gh ogka l s ,d

ehBs t y dh / kjk cg fudyhA ; g ns[ kdj l Hkh vfr i zl Uu gq, vkSj l Hkh us I; kl

cq>kbZ fdUrq xqykc jk; ds eu esa ,d ckr vkbZ fd ; fn eSa ; g Hkkyk m[ kkM+ fn[ kkrk

rks p'es dk Js; eq>s feyuk FkkA rHkh xq:nso us i qu% dqN nwjh i j Hkkyk / jrh i j QSadk

vkSj gqDe fd; k xqykc jk; bl s m[ kkM+ ykvksA ml us vkns'k i krs gh l eLr cy yxk

fn; k fdUrq Hkkyk ckgj ugha [ khapk t k l dkA vUr esa fQj l s Hkkyk xq:nso dks gh

fudkyuk i M+kA Hkkyk t Sl s gh / jrh l s ckgj vk; k ogka l s Hkh i kuh dk QOokjk QwV




5252

fudykA ; g ns[ k xqykc jk; eu gh eu ' kfeZank gqvk fdUrq vkxzg djus yxk gekjs i kl

vc nks / kjk,a gSaA ; fn ,d / kjk vkSj mRi Uu gks t k, rks f=kos.kh gh cu t k,A ml dh

; g ea'kk ns[ kdj xq:nso us ,d vU; LFkku i j Hkkyk QSadk vkSj m[ kkM+k vkSj ogk¡ l s ,d

i kuh ds p'esa dh mRi fÙk gqbZA bu rhuksa t y / kjkvksa ds l axe ds LFkku dks xq: dh

f=kos.kh dgk t kus yxkA

j kt k j r u j k;

f=ki qjk dk ; qod jkt dqekj ,d fnu i zkr%dky ' kh'ks ds l e{k ds'kksa esa da?kk dj

jgk Fkk fd ml dh nf"V vi us ekFks ds Åi j Hkkx esa ,d nkxuqek fu'kku i j i M+hA ; g

nkx dksbZ v{kj l k i zrhr gks jgk FkkA ; qojkt us dkSrqyo'k vi uh ekrk l s bl v{kjuqek

fu'kku ds fo"k; esa i wNk & mÙkj esa egkjkuh Lo.kZerh us dgk & csVk bl fu'kku esa

rqEgkjs t Ue dk jgL; fNi k gqvk gSA ; g Kkr gksrs gh ; qojkt ds ân; esa ft Kkl k

mRi Uu gqbZ vkSj og cgqr mRl qdrk l s i wNus yxk & ekrk t h eq>s i wjk orkUr l qukvks

fd ; g nkx esjs t Ue l s D; k l acU/ j[ krk gSA bl i j ekrk Lo.kZerh us dgk & i at kc

l s Jh xq: ukud nso t h ds ukSosa mÙkjkf/ dkjh Jh xq: rsxcgknqj t h jkt k jke fl ag ds

l kFk vkl ke esa eqx+y l ezkV dk >xM+k fui Vkus vk; s FksA og Lo;a xq: ukud nso t h ds

mi ns'kksa o fl ¼kUrksa dk i zpkj i zl kj dj jgs Fks fd mudh HksaV rsjs fi rk t h ds l kFk

xksjhuxj esa gqbZA rsjs fi rk i gys l s gh xq: ukud erkoyEch Fks ft l dkj.k mUgksaus rsx

cgknqj t h dk cgqr l Eeku fd; k vkSj muds vuq;k; h gks x,A ,d fnu rsjs fi rk t h

us xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k vi us ân; dh ekax j[ kh fd muds xg] i q=k dh deh gSA vr%

mUgsa vki bl nkr l s fuokt saA xq:nso mu dh l sokHkko l s cgqr l Urq"V FksA vr% mUgksaus

vi us gkFk dh vaxqBh mrkj dj rsjs fi rk t h dks nhA ft l i j i at kch Hkk"kk esa ,d

vksadkj dk v{kj (ý) Lo.kZdkj us cuk; k gqvk Fkk vkSj mUgksaus dgk fd dqN l e;

i ' pkr vki dh ; g dkeuk Hkh i wjh gksxhA vki ds ; gka ,d i q=k t Ue ysxk ft l ds

efLr"d ds ,d fdukjs ; g v{kj cuk gqvk gksxkA ,sl k gh gqvk rsjs t Ue i j geus t c

rq>s ns[ kk rks rsjs efLr "d i j ; g fu' kku vafdr FkkA ; g orkUr l qurs gh ; qojkt ds




5353

ân; esa J¼k dh ygj mBh og dgus yxk eSa muds n'kZu djus i at kc t kuk pkgrk

gw¡A bl i j egkjkuh Lo.kZerh us dgk & i jUrq og vc ugha gaS D; ksafd eqx+y l ezkV

vkSjaxt +sc us mUgsa / ekZU/ rk ds t uwu esa ' kghn djok fn; k gSA fdUrq vc muds i q=k t ks

rsjh vk; q ds yXkHkx gSa vkSj ft udk uke xksfcUn jk; gSA og mudh xíh i j fojkt eku

gSA ; fn rqe muds n'kZuksa dks i at kc pyks rks eq>s cgqr i zl Uurk gksxh vkSj eSa Hkh rsjs l kFk

pywaxhA

xq: n'kZuksa dh ckr fuf'pr djds ; qojkt jru jk; rS; kjh esa O; Lr gks x; kA

vc ml ds l e{k l eL; k ; g mRi Uu gqbZ fd xq:nso dks dkSu dkSu l h oLrq,a HksaV dh

t k, t ks vn~Hkqr rFkk vueksy gksaA ml s Kkr gqvk fd xq:nso ; q¼ l kexzh bR; kfn i j

i zl Uurk O; Dr djrs gSa rks ml us dqN fo'ks"k dkjhxjksa dks cqykdj ' kL=k fuekZ.k dk

vkns'k fn; kA bl i zdkj ,d uohu ' kL=k dks mRi fÙk gqbZA t ks i k¡p i zdkj ds dk; Z dj

l drk Fkk vFkkZr og l e; l e; i j u; s : i ksa esa i fjofrZr fd; k t k l drk FkkA mUgksaus

bl s i kap dyk ' kL=k uke fn; kA bl i zdkj ml us ,d fo'ks"k gkFkh eaxok; k t ks NksVs dn

dk Fkk i jUrq Fkk cgqr xq.koku] ml dks fo'ks"k i zf' k{k.k nsdj rS; kj fd; k x; k Fkk vkSj

og cgqr vkKkdkjh gksdj dk; Zjr jgrk FkkA bl ds vfr fjDr ,d pkSdh Fkh ft l i j

i qr fy; ka Lo; a pkSi M+ [ ksyrh FkhaA

f=ki qjk l s yEch ; k=kk djrk gqvk ; g jkt dqekj vi uh ekrk Lo.kZerh ds l kFk

i at kc i gq¡pkA xq:nso us mu dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k vkSj jrujk; dks daB l s yxk; kA

jru jk; us l Hkh mi gkj xq:nso dks l efi Zr fd; sA xq:nso us i apdyk ' kL=k vkSj gkFkh

ds fy, cgqr i zl Uurk O; Dr dhA gkFkh ds xq.kksa dks ns[ krs gq, xq:nso us ml dk uke

i zl knh gkFkh j[ kkA jru jk; vkè; kfRed i zofÙk dk Lokeh FkkA vr% ml ds l kFk xq:nso

dh cgqr l h fopkj xksf"V; k gqbaZA t c os l a' k; fuoÙk gks x; s rks ml us xq:nso l s xq: nh{kk

i zkIr dhA jkt dqekj xq:nso ds i kl vkdj cgqr l Urqf"V vuqHko djus yxkA t Sl k ml us

l kspk FkkA ml l s Hkh dgha vf/ d i fo=k okrkoj.k i k; kA ml dk xq:nso ds i kl eu

je x; kA ,d rks xq:nso ml ds vk; q ds FksA nwl jk xq:nso ds ; gk¡ l Hkh jkt l h BkB ckB

FkkA xq:nso ml s f'kdkj i j ouksa esa ys t krsA ohj jl dh ckrsa l qukrs t ks ml s cgqr vPNh




5454

yxrhA okLro esa xq:nso ds nks Lo: i ml s ns[ kus dks feyrs] i gyk l ar nwl jk fl i kghA

; gh dkj.k Fkk fd og xq:nso ds O; fDrRo i j ea=keqX/ gks x; k vkSj oki l t kuk Hkwy

x; kA bl fy, dbZ eghus xq:nso ds vfr fFk ds : i esa Bgjk jgkA ml dh ekrk rFkk

ml ds eaf=k; ksa us t c oki l ykSVus dk vkxzg fd; k rks og foo'krk esa xq:nso l s vkKk

ysdj ykSV i M+k fdUrq ml dk eu xq: pj.kksa esa gh jgkA

fookg

l u~ 1684 esa ykgkSj uxj l s cgqr l h l axr ,d dkfQys ds : i esa xq: n'kZuksa dks

vkuani qj l kgc i gq¡phA bu esa jke'kj.k uke dk xq: fl D[ k] ; qod xksfcUn jk; t h ds

l kSUn; Z rFkk i zfrHkk dks ns[ kdj cgqr i zHkkfor gqvkA ml ds ân; esa bPNk mRi Uu gqbZ

fd ; fn og vi uh i q=kh t hrks* dk ukrk xq:nso l s dj ns rks ; s t ksM+h vn~Hkqr jgsxhA

; g dYi uk ysdj og ekrk xqt jh t h rFkk nknh eka ukudh t h ds l e{k mi fLFkr gqvkA

ekrk t h us cgqr i zl Uurk l s ml dh fouez fourh l quh vkSj ; qorh t hrks dks Hkh ns[ kk

t ks fd l kFk esa gh n'kZuksa ds fy, vkbZ gqbZ FkhA ; qorh t hrks dks ns[ kdj ekrk t h ml ds

l kSUn; Z i j ea=keqX/ gks x; sA mUgksaus ml l e; vi uh l kl ukudh t h l s fopkjfoe'kZ

fd; k vkSj dgk gesa ; g fj' rk Lohdkj gSA Lohdfr i zkIr gksrs gh jke'kj.k t h us vkxzg

fd; k eSa l xkbZ dh jhfr l Ei w.kZ djuk pkgrk gw¡A ; g vuqjks/ Hkh Lohdkj dj fy; k x; k

D; ksafd ykgkSj dh l axr dh ; gh bPNk FkhA l xkbZ dh jLe xq: e; kZnk dks è; ku esa

j[ kdj cgqr ' kkUr okrkoj.k esa dj nh xbZ dksbZ fo'ks"k l ekjksg dk vk; kst u ugha fd; k

x; kA rn~i 'pkr jke'kj.k t h us i zLrko j[ kk fd vki ykgkSj esa ckjkr ysdj vk; asA fdUrq

xq:nso t h us dgk gekjk ogka t kuk dfBu gS] di ; k vki ; gka vk t k,a vkSj ; gka

fookg l Ei Uu fd; k t k,A bl i j jke'kj.k us vi uh dqN dfBukbZ; ka crkbZ fd eSa

nqfo/ k esa gw¡ D; ksafd esjh ea'kk ykgkSj esa gh vki dk Lokxr djus dh gSA xq:nso us dgk

ge vki dh Hkkoukvksa dk è; ku j[ krs gq, ; gka ,d u; k ykgkSj uxj cl k nsrs gSa] ft l l s

vki dh my>u l ekIr gks t k,xhA bl i j jke'kj.k t h us dgk & ; fn ,sl k gks l drk

gS rks eq>s dksbZ vki fÙk ugha gSA cl fQj D; k Fkk nksuksa i {k fookg dh fr fFk i j l ger




5555

gks x; s vkSj jke'kj.k t h ykgkSj dh l axr ds l kFk oki l rS;kjh ds fy, pys x; sA

b/ j xq:nso t h us vkuUni qj ds fudV 7 dksl dh nwjh i j ,d u; s uxj dh jpuk ds

fy, f' kykU; kl fd; k vkSj uxj dk uke xq: dk ykgkSj j[ kkA dqN gh fnuksa esa uxj esa

pgy i gy gks xbZA nwj nwj l s O; ki kjh ogha vkdj cl us yxsA uxj ds rS; kj gksus i j

ykgkSj l s l i fjokj jke'kj.k t h ; gha vkdj cl x; sA fQj mUgksaus ekrk xqt jh l s vuqjks/

fd; k fd vki fuf'pr l e; i j ckjkr ysdj vk; saA ,sl k gh fd; k x; k] xksfcUn jk; t h

nwYgk cus vkSj ckjkr ysdj u; s ykgkSj uxj esa vi us l l qjky i gqapsA ogka dqy jhfr ds

vuql kj xq:nso dk fookg l Ei Uu dj fn; k x; kA bl i zdkj nqYgu ysdj ckjkr ykSV

vkbZA ekrk xqt jh t h dh i q=ko/ q t gka xq.korh Fkh ogha vfr l qUnj Hkh FkhaA ml us vkrs

gh vi uh l kl q eka dk eu eksg fy; kA og uez vkSj e/ qjHkk"kh FkhA bl fy, xq:nso ds eu

dks Hkh cgqr Hkk xbZA nknh eka ukudh t h rks ml ds : i i j eqX/ gks xbZA mUgksaus

o/ q dks l qUnjh dguk i zkjEHk dj fn; k ft l l s / hjs / hjs ; qorh t hrks dk uke l l qjky esa

l qUnjh i zfl ¼ gks x; kA

j . kt hr uxkjk

xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h ds ofj"B l SU; vf/ dkjh uUnpUn us xq:nso l s ,d

fnu vuqjks/ fd; k & gs xq:nso ! gesa l suk dk eukscy c<+kus ds fy, ,d uxkjk (,d

fo'ks"k i zdkj dk <ksy) cukuk pkfg,A fcuk uxkjk ct k, l suk dk i zf' k{k.k v/ wjk jgrk

gSA cl fQj D; k Fkk rqjUr xq:nso us vkns'k fn; k fd vkdkj esa c<+s l s c<+k uxkjk

cuokvks vkSj bl ds vfr fjDr f' kdkj [ ksyrs l e; ouksa esa t axyh i ' kqvksa dks Hk; Hkhr

djus ds fy, Hkh dqN NksVs vkdkj ds uxkjs cuokvks t ks l kFk fy, t k l ds vkSj

f' kdkj djus esa l gk;d fl ¼ gksA vkns'k ds feyrs gh dq'ky dkjhxjksa us ,d cgqr c<+s

vkdkj dk uxkjk cuk; k ft l dh xwat vkSj ddZ'k èofu xxupqEch FkhA bl s ns[ kdj

xq:nso us i zl Uurk O; Dr dh vkSj bl uxkjs dk uke j.kt hr uxkjk j[ kk vkSj bl s

vkuUnx<+ dh ,d fo'ks"k Å¡ph ehukj esa LFkkfi r dj fn; k x; kA j.kt hr uxkjs dks

vko' ; drk vuql kj fnu esa dbZ ckj ct k; k t kus yxkA ft l l s vkl i kl ds {ks=k ngy




5656

t krsA bl u; s dk; Z l s dqN el an [ kq'k ugha gq, vfi rq dqN vk'kadk; s i zdV djus yxsA

xq:nso us bu yksxksa dh ckrksa i j è; ku ugha fn; kA i jUrq os Hkfo"; esa foi fÙk; ksa dh

l EHkkouk crkus yxs vkSj os yksx ,d=k gksdj ekrk xqt jh t h ds l e{k i zkFkZuk djus

yxs fd xq:nso vHkh vYi k; q ds gSaA budks bu ckrksa ds i fj.kke ekyweughaA l ezkV

vkSjaxt s+c i gys l s gh gekjk ' k=kq gS rFkk i oZrh; fgUnw ujs' kksa dk Hkh dksbZ Hkjksl k ughaA

u t kus os dc cny t k,aA os i gys l s gh gekjh l SU; rS; kfj; ksa l s vl Urq"V gSaA os ' kfDr

l Urqyu ds Hk; l s Hkh fpfUrr jgrs gSaA vr% vc uxkjksa i j gj l e; dh pksVsa l qudj

dgha gekjs fojks/ h gh u cu t k,A ; fn LFkkuh; ujs' kksa l s bUgha ckrksa l s Bu t krh gS rks

os gekjs fo:¼ l ezkV l s l gk; rk Hkh i zkIr dj l drs gSaA ,sl h fLFkfr esa ge D; k djsaxs

\ t cfd ,d r jQ l eLr ns'k dh l Sfud ' kfDr vkSj nwl jh vksj ge t ks dsoy

eqV~BhHkj Lo; a l sodksa dh l SU; VqdM+h j[ ks gq, gSa] i zfrLi / kZ ds vuqi kr esa ux.; gSaA

Bhd bl h i zdkj ,d r jQ jk"Vªh; dks"k gS vkSj gekjs i kl dsoy fl D[ k l axrksa }kjk

J¼ko'k HksaV fd; k gqvk l hfer / u] l k/ uA l eLr i fjfLFkfr ; ksa dks ,d nf"V l s

vkadyu dj gh ysuk pkfg,A

ekrk t h dks bu ckrksa esa rF; i zrhr gqvkA mUgksaus el anksa dks vk'okl u fn; k fd

og xksfcUn jk; t h dks bu rF; ksa l s voxr djok; asxhA jkf=k ds Hkkst u ds mi jkUr

vodk'k ds l e; ekrk xqt jh t h us rFkk nknh ek¡ ukudh t h us xq:nso dks cgqr i zse

l s bu dM+os l R; l s i fjfpr djok; k rks og eqLdqjk fn; s vkSj dgus yxs fd vkt fQj

dgha el anksa us vki ds eu esa Hkze mRi Uu dj fn; k gS t Sl k fd vki t kurh gSa] t ks Hkh

gksrk gS og l oZ'kfDreku i kjczã ds gqDe l s gh gksrk gS fQj vki fpUrk D; ksa djrh

gSa \ gesa ml fnO; T;ksfr us Hkst k gS vkSj gekjk ,d y{; gS / eZ dh LFkki uk vkSj bl ds

foi jhr nq"Vksa dk neu djukA bl dk; Z ds fy, og gekjs vax&l ax gSa dsoy fo'okl

dh vko' ; drkA bl rdZ dks l qudj ekrk t h xEHkhj gks xbZ vkSj mUgksaus fQj dHkh

bl fo"k; i j ppkZ ugha dhA




5757

vÝxkfuLr ku d h l axr

vÝxkfuLrku ds fHkUu fHkUu {ks=k l s i zk; % l axr xq: n'kZuksa dks vkrh jgrh FkhA

bl i j el an n; kynkl t h dh i zsj.kk vkSj mudh ; kst uk ds vUrxZr ogka dh l axr ,d

fo'kky dkfQys ds : i esa ,df=kr gksdj xq: n'kZuksa ds fy, vkbZA buesa dkcqy]

da/ kj] cy[ k cq[ kkjs rFkk xt uh vkfn uxjksa dh l axr cgqr i zse rFkk J¼k ds l kFk

dqN fo'ks"k mi gkj ysdj mi fLFkr gqbZA dkcqy ds l sB nquhpUn us ,d fo'ks"k e[ keyh

rEcw HksaV fd; k ; g ml us cgqr J¼k ds l kFk dbZ o"kksZ esa nks yk[ k : i ; s dh ykxr l s

rS; kj djok; k FkkA bl i j vfr l qUnj ehukdkjh djokbZ xbZ Fkh] ft l dh NVk vuwi

FkhA xq:nso bl s ns[ kdj vfr i zl Uu gq,A vU; J¼kyqvksa us Hkh vn~Hkqr oLrq,a HksaV dh

ft l l s oLrqvksa ds vEckj yx x; sA buesa dqN mi gkj , sl s Fks t ks ; q¼ ds l e; j.k{ks=k

esa dke vkrs Fks] bl fy, xq:nso us mu fl D[ kksa dks fo'ks"k : i esa l Eekfur fd; k t ks ; q¼

l kexzh yk; s FksA

HkhepUn d h nqfo/ k

xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h ds dk; Z{ks=k esa cgqr my>usa vkSj dfBukb; k¡ FkhA og

ml l e; cpi u dks i hNs NksM+dj ; kSou esa i nkZi .k dj jgs FksA xq: xíh i j fojkt eku

gksus ds dkj.k muds vi us gh dbZ l EcU/ h mul s bZ"; kZ vkSj fojks/ j[ krs FksA fl D[ kksa

dks rRdkyhu l jdkj l ansg dh nf"V l s ns[ krh Fkh fdUrq xksfcUn jk; t h dks ,sl k

fo'kky ân; i zkIr gqvk Fkk t ks l kjs d"Vksa] dys'kksa rFkk dfBukb; ksa dks rqPN l e>rk

FkkA vr% og fuR; i zfr vH; kl djrs] cfYd vi us fl D[ kksa dks Hkh bl h esa l nSo O; Lr

j[ krsA mudk vf/ dr j l e; ' kwjohjksa dh xkFkk,a (okjsa) xkus vkSj l quus] f' kdkj [ ksyus]

/ uq"k ck.k ds y{; csa/ us] ?kqM+nkSM+ bR; kfn ,sl s gh vU; vusd dk; ksZ esa O; rhr gksrkA

/ eZ ; q¼ dh rS; kjh esa xq:nso i w.kZr% O; Lr jgus yxsA bl i zdkj mUgksaus vi uk

l SU; cy c<+kus i j è; ku dsfUnzr dj fn; kA vr% mUgksaus l eLr fl D[ kksa dks vkns'k fn; k

fd og i zR; sd i fjokj l s ,d csVk xq: dh l suk esa vo' ; HkrhZ djok; sA mu fnuksa




5858

fl D[ k ; qod fd'kksj voLFkk esa gh ' kL=k fo| k l h[ krs Fks ft l dkj.k muds ân; esa ,d

vPNs l Sfud cuus dh mRl qdrk cuh jgrh FkhA bl fy, xq:nso dks LoLFk ; qodksa dh

deh dHkh vkM+s ugha vkbZA

xq:nso vodk'k ds l e; dqN l q; ksX; ; ks¼kvksa dks vi us l kFk f' kdkj i j ys

t krsA f' kdkj dh [ kkst esa dHkh dHkh nwj dfgywj uxj ds fudV i gqap t krs vkSj ogka

uxkjs t ksjksa l s ct krs ft l s l qudj jkt k HkhepUnz fopfyr gks x; kA ml us uxkjs dh èofu

dks vi us fy, pqukSrh ds : i esa fy; k vkSj eaf=k; ksa dh l Hkk cqykdj i jke'kZ fd; kA bl

i j i qjksfgr i jekuan (i Eek) us l e; dk ykHk mBkrs gq, jkt k HkhepUn dks euksdfYi r

' kadk,a O; Dr dj&dj ds Hk; Hkhr djuk i zkjEHk dj fn; kA ml us dgk & xq: dh

c<+rh gqbZ l SU; ' kfDr dHkh Hkh gekjs fy, [ k+r jk cu l drh gS D; ksafd l ezkV vkSjaxt s+c

ds ; s yksx ' k=kq gSaA vr% og gesa bl dk mÙkjnk; h ekusxk D;ksafd vkuUni qj gekjk

Hkw&Hkkx gS i jUrq bl ds foi jhr egkea=kh nsohpUn us dgk & xksfcUn jk; t h xq:

ukudnso t h ds mÙkjkf/ dkjh gS t ks ns'k fons'kksa esa i wT; gSA vHkh 10 o"kZ i woZ gh buds

fi rk rsxcgknqj t h us ekuork dk i {k ysdj t usÅ fryd dh j{kk gsrq vi us i zk.kksa dh

vkgqfr nh gSA ; g l Hkh rS; kfj; ka vkRefuHkZj cuus ds fy, gSa u fd fdl h i j vkØe.k

djus ds fy, ] bl fy, gesa fpfUrr gksus dh dksbZ vko' ; drk ughaA fQj og gekjs ' k=kq

D; ksa cusaxs \ bl dk eq>s dksbZ dkj.k fn[ kkbZ ugha nsrkA ,sl k rks gks l drk gS fd ge

mul s foi fÙkdky esa l Sfud l gk; rk ysA mudk gekjh Hkwfe i j gksuk] gekjs fy, fgrdj

gSA ge bl i zdkj l cy gh gq, gSaA oSl s Hkh muds i woZt ksa ds vki ds i woZt ksa i j cgqr cM+s

mi dkj gSaA vki dks ekywe gh gS vki ds nknk t h jkt k rkjkpUn t h dks l ezkV t gkaxhj

us Xokfy; j ds fdys esa vU; 52 jkt kvksa ds l kFk dkjkokl esa cUnh cuk j[ kk Fkk

ft udks xksfcUn jk; t h ds nknk Jh xq: gfjxksfcUn l kgc us gh LorU=krk fnyokbZ FkhA

jkt k HkhepUn dks ea=kh nsohpUn ds l Hkh rdksZ esa l R; i zrhr gqvkA og dg

mBk] Bhd gS & eSa muds i zR; {k n'kZu djuk pkgrk gw¡] vki t kdj HksaV okrkZ dk

l e; o fr fFk fuf'pr djsaA

i qjksfgr i jekuan rFkk egkea=kh nsohpUn dfgywj l s jkt k HkhepUn ds nwr cudj




5959

xq:nso ds n'kZuksa dks vk; s vkSj mUgksaus l c i zdkj l s vkuUni qj dk fujh{k.k fd; kA

nsohpUn us xq:nso ds l e{k HkhepUn ds fy, HksaV okrkZ dk l e; fuf'pr djus dk

vkxzg fd; kA xq:nso us l g"kZ mUgsa vkus dk fueU=k.k fn; k vkSj ,d fo'ks"k fr fFk

fuf'pr dj yh xbZA

jkt k HkhepUn fo'ks"k rS; kjh djds xq: njckj esa mi fLFkfr gqvkA ml us xq:nso

ds l e{k ' kh'k >qdk dj i z.kke fd; k vkSj cgqr l s cgqewY; mi gkj HksaV fd; sA xq:nso ds

l kFk ml dh ; g i zFke HksaV FkhA og xq:nso ds ; kSou vkSj rst kse; vkHkk l s cgqr

i zHkkfor gqvkA xq:nso t h us Hkh ml dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k vkSj ml ds Lokxr esa dksbZ

dksj&dl j u j[ khA ;gk¡ rd dh] ml dks ml h rEcw esa Bgjk; k x; k t ks dkcqy dh

l axr nquhpUn }kjk HksaV fd; k x; k Fkk vkSj ml s vi us J¼kyqvksa dh vksj l s i zLrqr dh

xbZA vU; HksaV l kexzh Hkh fn[ kkbZA ft uesa ,d 'osr eLrd okyk cM+k l / k gqvk gkFkh]

l qugjs l kt &l keku l s l t s gq, i kap ?kksM+s] ,d gfFk; kj t ks i k¡p ' kL=kksa dk vyx vyx

: i / kj.k dj l drk Fkk ft l dk uke i apdyk ' kL=k FkkA ,d r [ r ft l esa l s cVu

nckus i j i qr fy; ka fudy dj pkSi M+ [ ksy l drh Fkh] bR; kfnA ; g l c ' kkgh BkB&ckV

ns[ kdj jkt k HkhepUn gDdk&cDdk jg x; k vkSj og eu gh eu t y mBkA ml ds

eq¡g esa i kuh Hkj vk; k vkSj vUnj gh vUnj bZ"; kZ dh Tokyk esa t y mBk fd ,sl h

vuqi e oLrq,a xq:nso ds i kl gaS] t ks ge jkt kvksa vFkok eqx+y l ezkV dks Hkh ul hc ughaA

og eu gh eu bu vueksy oLrqvksa dks i zkIr djus dh ; qfDr i j fopkj djus yxkA

; g rks og t ku x; k Fkk fd cyi woZd ; g oLrq,a i zkIr ugha dh t k l drh D; ksafd

xq:nso ds i kl Hkh fo'kky l SU; cy gSA vr% ml us bu oLrqvksa dks Ny l s i zkIr djus

dk eu cuk fy; kA jkf=k esa ml s uhan ugha vkbZ og ml 'osr vn~Hkqr i zl knh* gkFkh dks

LoIu esa gh ns[ krk jgk t ks ml us Lokxr }kj i j Qwyksa dh o"kkZ djrs gq, ns[ kk FkkA

okLro esa jkt k HkhepUn xq:nso i j vi uh ' kku&'kkSdr fn[ kkus vkSj vi uh l Ei Uurk

dh / kd fcBkus ds fy, vk; k Fkk fdUrq gqvk bl ds Bhd foi jhr ] og vi uh l ef¼

Hkwy x; k vkSj vi us dks rqPN l e>us yxk] ft l dkj.k ml s ghuHkkouk dk vgl kl

gksus yxkA




6060

' ksj d k f' kd kj

vxyh l qcg xq:nso us esgeku jkt k HkhepUn dks f'kdkj ds fy, fuefU=kr

fd; kA jkt k rks vi uh ohjrk dh / kd fcBkus ds fy, gh vk; k FkkA m/ j l Ei Uurk

i zn'kZu esa rks og mUuhl jgk Fkk] bl fy, Hkh vc ohjrk fn[ kkus dk ml s pko FkkA ml us

fueU=k.k Lohdkj dj fy; kA HkhepUn ds pqus gq, ohj rks ml ds l ax vk, Fks] f' kdkj esa

Hkh l kFk gks fy,A xq:nso ds i k¡p fl D[ k Hkkys&ryokjsa fy, l kFk l kFk pysA dqN

fl D[ kksa us vkxs vkxs t axy esa gkadk fd; kA f' kdkj ny us dbZ fgju vkSj uhy xk; sa ekj

yh] t axyh l wvj Hkh ekjs x, ] fdUrq ft l fl ag dh ryk'k esa ny vk; k Fkk] ml dk dgha

i rk u pykA l ka> <y vkbZA jkt k HkhepUn FkdkoV egl wl djus yxk FkkA ykSVus dh

ckr gksus yxhA xq: t h vHkh fl ag dh Vksg esa Fks] os f' kdkj dk y{; i wjk fd, fcuk

ykSVuk ugha pkgrs FksA fl ag us ml i zns'k esa dbZ gR; k,a dj nh Fkh] xzkeh.kksa us xq: t h

ds i kl f' kdk; r dh FkhA HkhepUn Hkhr j l s ?kcjk jgk FkkA jkf=k ds l e; ] fcuk epku

cka/ s fl ag l s VDdj ysuk vi uh ekSr dks vkeaf=kr djus ds l eku FkkA fdUrq ; g ckr

xq:nso dks crkus esa gsBh l e>rk Fkk] bl fy, pqi FkkA xq:nso l cdks ysdj vkSj Hkh

chgM+ ou esa ?kql i M+sA jkt k HkhepUn jksdrk gh jgk] fdUrq xq:nso dks rks ml dk ?ke.M

rksM+uk FkkA os vUr ; kZeh Fks vkSj HkhepUn ds eu dks l e>rs FksA ryk'k l Qy gqbZA chgM+

>kfM+; ksa esa ,d t xg ' ksj cM+s et +s l s foJke dj jgk FkkA ml dh yEch nqe gh >kfM+; ksa

l s ckgj nl eku FkhA nqe dh yEckbZ vkSj eksVkbZ l s l gt gh vuqeku gksrk Fkk fd ' ksj

Hkhedk; vkSj cM+k 'kfDr ' kkyh gSA t axy dk ,dN=k l ezkV gksus ds ukrs og l cdh

mi s{kk djrk gqvk ysVk FkkA ml dk i wjk fo'okl Fkk fd ml ds foJke esa gLr{ksi dk

l kgl fdl h dks Hkh ugha gks l drkA xq: t h us >kM+h ds fudV vkdj fl ag dks

yydkjuk pkgk] fdUrq HkhepUn us ,sl k dne mBkus l s mudk fu"ks/ fd; kA ,sl s esa

fl ag dh >i V t kuysok gks l drh gS] ge l c fcuk fdl h l qj{kk l k/ u ds / jrh i j [ kM+s

gSaA ml dk ,d gh okj ?kkrd fl ¼ gksxkA ,sl h ckrsa HkhepUn ds eq[ k l s l qudj xq: t h

dks gal h vk xbZA ohjrk dh / kd fcBkus dh bPNk j[ kus okyk O; fDr vdLekr




6161

dk; jrk dh ckrsa djus yxk FkkA xq:nso us jkt k ds ohj l Sfudksa dks l kFk vkus ds fy,

vkg~oku fd; kA ml l e; l aè; k ds >qVi qVs esa fl ag ds fudV t kus dk fdl h dks l kgl

ugha gqvkA

l p gS] fl agksa ds ny ugha gksrsA f' kdkjh ny esa ,d gh fl ag Fkk vkSj og t axy

ds fl ag l s fHkM+us dks mrkoyk FkkA xq:nso us nwj l s canwd }kjk fl ag i j xksyh pykuk Hkh

vuqfpr l e>kA jkt k vkSj ml dk ny rks xq:nso dh mrkoyh ns[ k ' kh?kzrk l s i sM+ksa ds

i hNs l qj{kk <w¡<us yxk] m/ j xq:nso gkFk esa [ kM+x ysdj ml ?kuh >kM+h dh vksj pys]

ft l esa l s fl ag dh nqe fn[ kkbZ i M+ jgh FkhA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k us fudV i gq¡p dj ,d cM+k

i RFkj >kM+h esa yq<+dk fn; kA fl ag us vi us foJke esa [ kyy egl wl fd; k vkSj xq: us

xEHkhj vkokt esa xt Zu fd; k] fdUrq ; gka l s fgyk ughaA ml dk fny ngyk nsus okyk

?kksj&xt Zu l qudj jkt k ny ds jkSaxVs [ kM+s gks x,A xq:nso us i qu% >kfM+; ksa dks i dM+ dj

t ksj l s fgyk; k Mqyk;kA fl ag dks vpEHkk gks jgk Fkk fd ; g fdl dh ekSr vkbZ gS] t ks

ml ds l kFk l hax yM+k jgk gSA vkf[ kj mBuk gh i M+k ml sA fl ag foJke eqnzk l s Øks/ eqnzk

esa vk x; k vkSj mBdj >kM+h l s ckgj [ kM+k gqvkA yEch vaxM+kbZ yh] brus Hk;adj <ax

l s ml us eqag [ kksyk fd ml dh nk<+sa ekSr ds vuqpjksa dh r jg ' kjhj ds Hkhr j rd jksekap

dh ' khryrk i znku djus yxhA xq:nso ds l g; ksxh fl D[ k Hkh / hjs / hjs fc[ kjus yxs]

fdUrq xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dh vi yd nf"V fl ag dh nf"V l s ,sl h feyh Fkha fd nksuksa i qryh

dks Hkh fgyk ugha jgs FksA fl ag ' kk; n l ksp jgk Fkk fd ; g dkSu l kgl h O; fDr gks l drk

gS t ks vi us dneksa i j , sl k MVk gS fd vka[ k >i dus rd dk uke Hkh ugha ysrkA og

Øks/ esa xqjkZ; k vkSj ml us t ksj l s i waN dks QVdkjkA xq:nso us Hkh ml s i qu% yydkjk vkSj

og vc yi dus dks rS;kj FkkA xq:nso ml dk okj l EHkkyus dks n<+ l adYi FksA fl ag

mNyk vkSj xt Zuk djrk gqvk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h i j >i VkA HkhepUn vkSj ml ds ny

ds ohjksa dh vka[ ksa cUn gks xbZA ysfdu xq:nso us vi us nknk xq: gjxksfcUn t h dh r jg

fl ag ds vxys i at ksa vkSj eq[ k dk okj vi us fl j ds fudV <ky i j jksdkA i Sjksa dks

et cwr j[ krs gq, vi uh ryokj dk ,d Hkji wj okj fl ag ds ' kjhj i j fd; kA bl l s i woZ

fd fl ag i hNs gV dj nksckjk yi drk] ml dk ' kjhj chp l s dVdj yVd x; k vkSj og




6262

ogha gok esa fl gj dj / jrh i j vk fxjkA i kap l kr {k.k ml ds vkxs ds i at s fgys] eq[ k

l s xEHkhj vkSj Hk; kog Loj fudyk rFkk ml dk ' kjhj vMksy gks x; kA fl ag ej pqdk Fkk]

ml dk fo'kky ' kjhj jDr&jaft r / jrh i j csl q/ i M+k FkkA jkt k HkhepUn us l kjh ?kVuk

vi uh vka[ kksa l s ns[ kh FkhA ml s fo'okl gh ugha gks jgk Fkk fd dksbZ i q: "k brus cM+s fl ag

dks dsoy <ky&ryokj dh l gk; rk l s ekj l drk gSA og rks xq:nso i j vi uh

'kwjohjrk dk fl Ddk fcBkus vk; k Fkk] fdUrq xq:nso dh fl ag l s gqbZ bl eqBHksM+ dks

ns[ kdj og fopfyr FkkA og xq:nso dh ohjrk dks ekuuk ugha pkgrk Fkk] i zR; {k

?kVuk dks udkj Hkh ugha l drk FkkA vr% pqi pki ] fcuk xq: t h ds ' kS; Z dh i z' kal k esa

,d Hkh ' kCn cksys] og xq:nso ds fudV pyk vk; kA l sodksa us fl ag ds er ' kjhj dks

l EHkkyk vkSj f' kdkjh ny t axy l s ykSV i M+kA ou esa vU/ sjk xgjkus yxk FkkA

HkhepUn d k vl Qy Ny

jkt k HkhepUn xq: njckj dh ' kku ns[ kdj cks[ kyk x; kA og vkuUni qj fVdugha i k; kA t Ynh gh vkKk ysdj oki l dfgywj i g¡pkA vc ml dks ,d gh / qu l okjgks xbZ fd fdl i zdkj xq:nso l s ; s vueksy oLrq,a gfFk; kbZ t k,A ml s bl dk; Z ds fy,,d cgkuk l w>kA ml ds jkt dqekj vt esjpUn dh l xkbZ ft yk x<+oky ds jkt kQrsg'kkg dh jkt dqekjh ds l kFk gksus okyh FkhA bl ' kqHk vol j i j l eLr i oZrh;ujs' kksa dks Hkh vkefU=kr fd; k x; k FkkA HkhepUn us vi us odhy i qjksfgr i jekuUn dksxq:nso ds i kl ; g dg dj Hkst k fd l xkbZ ds vol j i j ; fn i zl knh gkFkh* rFkkdkcyh ' kfe; kuk bR;kfn oLrq,a m/ kj fey t k, rks HkhepUn dh vU; jkt kvksa dsl e{k ' kku cu t k,xhA xq:nso vo' ; gh vyi vk; q esa Fks fdUrq l c ckr l e>rs FksAmUgksaus odhy i jekuUn dh fpduh pqi M+h ckrksa dks Hkkai fy; k fd m/ kj dk rks cgkukgSA vl y esa rks ; g i gkM+h jkt k gesa Nyuk pkgrk gSA mÙkj esa xq:nso us i jekuUn dksdg fn; k fd gkFkh bR;kfn oLrq,a rks J¼kyqvksa }kjk vi us xq: dks fut h HksaV nh gqbZgksrh gSaA vr% ; g xq: e; kZnk ds fo:¼ gS fd i zsei woZd HksaV dh xbZ fdl h dh dksbZ oLrq

mudh vkKk ds fcuk vkxs fdl h dks l koZt fud mi ; ksx ds fy, ns nh t k,A ; g ckr

HksaV dk fujknj Hkh gksxhA




6363

HkhepUn dh Ny di V okyh pky vl Qy jghA bl i j ml ds l kys jkt k

dsl jhpUn t l okfy; k us ; kst uk cukbZ fd ge ; g oLrq,a xq:nso dks / edk dj i zkIr

dj yk,axsA vr% og dqN pqus gq, jkt uhfrK vFkok odhy l kFk esa ys x; kA i gys os

l c xq:nso ds l e{k pki ywl hi w.kZ O;ogkj djrs jgs vkSj vkxzg djrs jgs fd os oLrq,a

gesa dqN fnuksa ds fy, m/ kj nh t k, i jUrq xq:nso ds l kQ bUdkj i j os xq:nso i j jksc

Mkyus yxk vkSj vf' k"Vrk i j mr j vk; kA rHkh xq:nso dk l adsr i krs gh fl D[ kksa us ml s

vHknzrk ds dkj.k / Dds ekj dj vkuUni qj l s ckgj Hkxk fn; kA vc fLFkfr i ; kZIr

foLQksVd gks xbZ FkhA bl i zdkj nksuksa i {kksa esa ruko i zkjEHk gks x; k vkSj jkt k HkhepUn

xq:nso dks vi uk ' k=kq ekuus yxkA jkt k HkhepUn us i oZrh; ujs'kksa dh l Hkk cqykbZA

mudh l ykg i wNh fd xq:nso ds fo:¼ vxyk dne D; k mBk; k t k; sA l eLr i oZrh;

jkt kvksa us feydj i jke'kZ fn; k fd vHkh l e; mi ; qZDr ugha gSA l oZi zFke jkt dqekj dk

fookg l Ei Uu gksus nks fQj feydj xksfcUn jk; i j vkØe.k dj nsaxs] ft l l s l ezkV dh

nf"V esa Hkh l Eeku i zkIr gksxkA vHkh l ksrs ' ksj dks t xkuk Bhd ughaA dgha l h/ s ; q¼ esa

jkt dqekj ds fookg esa fo?u u mRi Uu gks t k,A

mi jksDr ?kVukØe dks ns[ krs gq, fl D[ k egl wl dj jgs Fks fd fdl h Hkh fnu

jkt k HkhepUn mu i j vkØe.k dj l drk gSA ekrk xqt jh t h Hkh ,sl k gh ekurh Fkh

fdUrq og pkgrh Fkh fd fdl h Hkh i zdkj l ' kL=k ; q¼ dks Vkyk t kuk pkfg,A

d kyl h d k ½f"k

,d nh?kZ vk; q dk r i Loh ; equk ds fdukjs i oZrh; {ks=kksa esa cl s dLcs dkyl h*

esa jgrk FkkA og t hou Hkj i zHkq dh fu"dke vkjk/ uk esa O; Lr jgkA ft l dkj.k ml dks

fnO; nf"V i zkIr gks xbZA fdUrq mudk ,d ek=k y{; i zHkq pj.kksa esa vHksn gksuk FkkA og

l k¡l kfjd ckrksa esa dksbZ : fp ugha j[ krs FksA vr% ,dkUrokl gh mudk t hou Fkk fdUrq

i zHkq dh fudVrk i zkIr gksus ds dkj.k mudh Lrqfr Hkh dLrwjh dh r jg QSyh gqbZ FkhA

t c ukgu ds ujs' k dks ekywe gqvk fd esjs i M+kSl h rFkk i zfr }Unh ujs' k Qrsg'kkg dh




6464

yM+dh dh l xkbZ dfgywj ds ujs' k HkhepUn ds yM+ds ds l kFk fuf'pr gks xbZ gS rks og

cgqr fpfUrr gqvkA ml dks Hk; gks x; k fd dgha Qrsg'kkg dh ' kfDr c<+ xbZ rks ' kfDr

l Urqyu ds fcxM+us i j og esjs i j gkoh gks t k,xkA vr% og dksbZ mi k; l kspus yxkA

ml ds ,d ea=kh us ml s i jke'kZ fn; k fd bl h xq:&i hj l s bl xEHkhj fo"k; esa fopkj

dj fy; k t k; s ' kk; n og dksbZ ; qfDr crk nsA ujs'k us i jUrq vi us fudVorhZ dks ,sl s

i w.kZ i q: "k dh [ kkst djus dks dgk & bl i j ,d O; fDr us crk; k fd ; equk ds ml

i kj pdjksrk ds fudV dkyl h dl cs esa ,d o¼ ½f"k jgrs gSa t ks vPNs vPNs l q>ko

vkSj mfpr fu.kZ; nsdj l eL; k dk l ek/ ku crk nsrs gSaA

ujs'k essnuh i zdk'k vi us efU=k; ksa ds l kFk dkyl h ½f"k ds i kl i gq¡pkA ½f"k t h

yxHkx 100 o"kZ dh vk; q ds gks pqds FksA vr% og ' kjhj ds t jt +jk gksus ds dkj.k

fdl h l s HksaV bR; kfn ugha djuk pkgrs Fks fdUrq esnuh i zdk'k dks mul s HksaV dh vuqefr

fey xbZA ujs' k us vi uk l adV crk; k vkSj l ek/ ku i wNkA mÙkj esa ½f"k us dgk &

vki dks fdl h i jkØeh i q: "k dh l gk; rk pkfg,A ; g bu fnuksa ; qokoLFkk esa ' kL=k/ kjh

; ks¼k ds : i esa bu i oZrh; {ks=k esa gh fopj.k dj jgs gSaA ns[ kus esa cgqr rst Loh] l qUnj

vkSj dqyhu i fjokj l s gSA vki mu dh ' kj.k esa t kvksA ujs' k us i wNk vki bUgsa dSl s

t kurs gSaA mÙkj esa ½f"k us crk; k] eSa t c i zHkq vkjk/ uk esa i zHkq dh fudVrk i zkIr djrk

gw¡ rks egk vkufUnr gksrk gw¡A dHkh dHkh esjs fopkj esa vkrk gS fd i zHkq l kdkj gks] n'kZu

nsa rks eq>s ,d vfr l qUnj] rst Loh] ' kL=k/ kjh ds'kksa okyk ; qod fn[ kkbZ nsrk gSA eSa ml h

ds n'kZu djrk jgrk gw¡A vc i z'u mBk] ; g ; qod dkSu gS vkSj dgk¡ feysxk \ l Hkh

us t c è; ku dsfUnzr djds fopkjk rks mudks ,d gh O; fDr nf"Vxkspj gqvkA og Fkk

xq: rsxcgknqj t h dk csVk xksfcUn jk; vkuan i qjh dk okl hA

ujs'k esnuh i zdk'k us l eLr l g; ksfx; ksa l s fopkj foe'kZ ds i ' pkr xq:nso dks

vi uh uxjh ukgu vkus dk fueU=k.k Hkst kA t ks Lohdkj dj fy; k x; k vkSj ; equk

fdukjs u; k uxj i kÅ¡Vk cl k dj jgus yxsA




6565

ukgu uxj esa i nki Z. k

fgekpy i zns'k ds fcydqy i woZ esa l jekSj uke dh i oZrh; fj; kl r gSA ft l dh

jkt / kuh ukgu uxj FkhA ukgu vkuUni qj l s i woZ nf{k.k dh vksj yxHkx 100 dksl dh

nwjh i j fLFkr gSA ; gka i j mu fnuksa esnuh i zdk'k uke dk ujs' k jkT; djrk FkkA l jekSj

{ks=k ds i wohZ l hek i j ; equk unh cgrh gSA ; equk ds ml i kj x<+oky fj; kl r (i zns'k)

gS] t gka i j ujs' k Qrsg'kkg jkT; djrk FkkA bu nksuksa jkt kvksa esa l hek fookn ds dkj.k

rhoz erHksn py jgk FkkA Qrsg'kkg us Hksnuh i zdk'k ds dqN HkwHkkx i j voS/ dCt k

dj j[ kk FkkA t c bl dh i q=kh dh l xkbZ dfgywj ds ujs' k HkhepUn ds i q=k ds l ax gqbZ

rks ; g vi uk i {k l SU; nf"V l s Hkkjh egl wl djus yxk vkSj esnuh i zdk'k dks vk¡[ ksa

fn[ kkus yxkA t c esnuh i zdk'k dks bl jgL; dk i rk yxk rks og xq: xksfcUn jk;

(fl a?k) t h dh l gk; rk ysus vkuUni qj i gq¡pkA ml dks ekywe gqvk] xq:nso vki l h >xM+ksa

dk dM+k fojks/ djrs gSa vkSj erHksnksa dk dksbZ l Eeku t ud gy [ kkst fudkyrs gSaA

vr% ml us xq:nso ds l e{k i zkFkZuk dh fd vki esjs ; gka ukgu uxj i / kjs ogka cgqr

je.khd LFky gS vkSj ?kus t axyksa esa f' kdkj Hkh cgqr gS] ft l l s vki dks gj i zdkj dh

l qfo/ k gh gksxhA ; g fueU=k.k i kdj ekrk xqt jh t h us Hkh xq:nso dks ukgu pyus dk

i jke'kZ fn; kA og dfgywj dh foLQksVd fLFkfr l s dqN l e; ds fy, nwj pys t kus ds

i {k esa FkhA xq:nso us ekrk t h dk vkns'k ekudj ukgu i zLFkku dj x; s fdUrq

vkuUni qj dh l qj{kk ds fy, vi uh l Sfud VqdfM+; ka i hNs NksM+ x,A

ukgu esa i nki Z.k djus i j esnuh i zdk'k us xq:nso dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k vkSj

vki dks je.khd LFky fn[ kk; s] ft u esa l s ; equk unh ds fdukjs dk Å¡pk {ks=k vki ds

eu dks Hkk x; kA ; g LFkku l kefjd nf"V l s Hkh vfr mÙke FkkA t c vki us ; gk¡ i kao

fVDdk fn; k rks LFkkuh; t urk us bl LFkku dk uke i kamVk j[ k fn; k vFkkZr i kao j[ kus

okyk LFkkuA vki us ;gka vDVwcj] 1684 esa uxj fuekZ.k dk vkns'k fn; kA xq:nso ds

l kFk gt kjksa Lo; a l sod l Sfud : i esa FksA bl fy, ujs' k esnuh i zdk'k dh ' kfDr vpkud

cgqr vf/ d gks xbZA vr% bl ds foi jhr ujs' k Qrsg'kkg Lo; a dks dqN ncko esa egl wl




6666

djus yxkA fdUrq xq:nso rks i zse dk l ans'k i zl kfjr djus okys FksA ;q¼ rks og pkgrs gh

ugha Fks i jUrq ' kfDr l Urqyu dh nf"V l s l SU; cy cuk; s j[ kuk mudk ,d ek=k mís' ;

FkkA xq:nso us ,d i zfr fuf/ e.My Hkst dj ujs' k Qrsg'kkg dks cqyk fy; kA Qrsg'kkg

dks xq:nso us l e>k; k&cq>k; kA og xq:nso ds opuksa l s bruk i zHkkfor gqvk fd vi us

i qjkus ' k=kq esnuh i zdk'k dks Hkkxdj xys yxk fy; k vkSj ,d fo'ks"k l af/ ds vUrxZr

ml dk {ks=k ml dks ykSVk fn; kA

l e; dh vko' ; drkvksa dks è; ku esa j[ kdj xq:nso us i k¡mVk esa ,d fdys dk

fuekZ.k djok; kA l suk dh HkrhZ dh r jQ è; ku dsfUnzr fd; k vkSj ; q¼ vH; kl esa rhozrk

ykus ds fy, vi uh l suk dk i quZxBu fd; kA

i hj cq¼ ' kkg

i kÅ¡Vk l kgc* ds i f' pe dh vksj yxHkx 15 dksl dh nwjh i j l <kSjk uke dk

,d dLck gSA ; g vEckyk uxj l s yxHkx 15 dksl i woZ esa fLFkr gSA ; gka ds l wQh l ar ]

i hj cq¼ ' kkg t h dh bl {ks=k esa dkQh ekU; rk FkhA mu dk vl yh uke

'ks[ k&cnj&mn&nhu FkkA mnkjoknh fopkjksa ds gksus ds dkj.k t gka muds gt kjksa

eql yeku eqjhn Fks] ogha ml {ks=k ds fgUnw Hkh mudk cgqr l Eeku djrs FksA vkè; kfRed

nqfu; k ds i ka/ h gksus ds dkj.k og xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl ag) t h dks t c feys rks mUgha

ds gksdj jg x; sA vki t h i zk; % xq:nso ds n'kZuksa dks i kÅ¡Vk vkrs jgrs vkSj vi uh

vkè; kfRed my>uksa dk l ek/ ku i k dj l Urqf"V i zkIr djrsA ; s xksf"B; ka vki ds

t hou esa ØkfUr ykrh pyh xbZA ,d ckj l <kSjk esa dqN i Bku l Sfud vki dks feyus

vk; s vkSj mUgksaus vki l s fourh dh fd gesa vkSjaxt +sc us vi uh l suk l s fudkfl r dj

fn; k gSA vr% ge csjkst xkj gSa] gesa dke pkfg,A i hj cq¼ 'kkg t h dks mu i Bkuksa dh

n; uh; n'kk i j n; k vk xbZ vkSj mUgksaus mu l Sfudksa dks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds i kl

fl Qkfj'k djrs gq, Hkst k fd budks vki vi uh l suk esa HkrhZ dj ysA xq:nso us i hj t h

dk eku j[ krs gq, bu i k¡p l kS l Sfudksa dks vi uh l suk esa HkrhZ dj fy; k vkSj vPNs

osrueku fuf'pr dj fn; sA okLro esa vkSjaxt s+c us bu l Sfudksa dks gqDe&gnqyh* dh




6767

/ kjk i j nf.Mr fd; k FkkA bu l Sfudksa ds l jnkjksa ds uke Øe'k% dkyk [ kku] Hkh[ ku

[ kku] g; kr [ kku] mej [ k+ku vkSj t okgj [ k+ku FkkA

l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k d k t Ue

i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa 7 t uojh 1687 (l aor 1743) dks xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h

ds ?kj i zFke l i q=k vt hr fl a?k us ekrk l qUnjh t h dh dks[ k l s t Ue fy; kA bl ' kqHk

vol j i j i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa g"kksZYykl Nk x; k vkSj fo' ks"k dk; ZØeksa dk vk; kst u fd; k

x; kA xq:nso dks l Hkh yksxksa l s c/ kb; ka feyus yxhA bl i j vki us Hkh l Hkh dks mi gkj

fn; s vkSj feBkb; ka ckaVhA

fueZyk vfHk; ku

Hkkjrh; l ekt esa i Bu&i kBu o vè; ;u ds dke dks czkã.kksa us vi uh /

jksgj cuk j[ kk FkkA czkã.k l ¡Ldr Hkk"kk dks nso ok.kh dgrs Fks vkSj vU; fdl h dks ; g

Hkk"kk i <+us dh vuqefr ugha i znku djrs FksA xq:nso us fu.kZ; fy; k fd czkã.kksa ds bl

,dkf/ dkj dks l ekIr djuk vko' ; d gSA l eLr t u l k/ kj.k dks l ¡Ldr o vU;

Hkk"kk,a i <+us dk vf/ dkj gksuk pkfg,A bl i zfrcU/ l s eqfDr fnyokus ds fy, xq:nso

us i kÅ¡Vk l kgc esa vki dk vkJ; fy; s gq, ,d i f.Mr j?kqukFk dks dgk fd og

fl D[ kksa dks l ¡Ldr i <+k,A ml us ,sl k djus l s l kQ bUdkj dj fn; kA og czkã.kksa ds

vfr fjDr t ul k/ kj.k dks l ¡Ldr i <+kuk] czkã.kksa ds vf/ dkjksa i j Nki k ekjuk l e>rk

FkkA bl ?kVuk ds dkj.k xq:nso us vi us fu.kZ; dks ' kh?kz gh O; ogkfjd : i ns fn; kA

mUgksaus j?kqukFk czkã.k dks rks dqN ugha dgk] i jUrq vi us l sodksa esa l s i k¡p l q; ksX;

fl D[ kksa dk pquko fd; kA bl pquko esa xq:nso us muds fo| k i zse vkSj f' k{kk vt Zu ds

l keF; Z dks i j[ kk vkSj mudks xs: , oL=k i guk dj cukjl l ¡Ldr dk vè; ;u djus

Hkst fn; kA os dbZ o"kZ l ¡Ldr i <+rs jgsA t gk¡ bu fl D[ kksa us fo| k xzg.k dh] ogk¡ vc

psru eB uked xq: dh l axr gSA cukjl l s ykSVrs gh bUgksaus xq:nso dh bPNk ds




6868

vuql kj ver / kj.k fd; k vkSj fl D[ k jfgr e; kZnk esa jgus yxsA l ¡Ldr dk vè; ; u

djus x; s fl D[ kksa dk uke Øe'k% bl i zdkj Fkk & jkefl a?k] dje fl a?k] x.Mk fl a?k] ohj

fl a?k vkSj l ksHkk fl a?kA

xq:dky esa gh bu l ¡Ldr fo| k i zkIr fl D[ kksa us ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=k esa xq:er

l ¡Ldkj o f' k{kk dk i zpkj vkjEHk dj fn; kA os fl D[ k i aFk ds ewy i zpkjd dgyk; sA

ckn esa mUgha dh i jEi jk esa fueZys egarksa us i zpkj dks l qpk: <ax l s pykus ds fy,

v[ kkM+ksa dh LFkki uk dhA l oZi zFke v[ kkM+k i z; kx esa LFkkfi r fd; k x; k] rn~i 'pkr

du[ ky] dk'kh] ½f"kds'k] ver l j bR; kfn LFkkuksa i j Hkh v[ kkM+s cuk; s x; s t ks ckn esa

fo| k i zl kj dh nf"V l s cgqr ykHknk; d gq,A bu fl D[ kksa l s gh fueZyk l Ei znk; i zkjEHk

gqvk ft Ugksaus xqjefr fo| k dk i zpkj ,oa i zl kj ds fy, dbZ vueksy xqjer n'kZu dh

i qLrdksa dh jpuk dhA l e; ds vUr jky ds l kFk i at kc ds ujs' kksa us i fV; kyk] ukHkk

vkSj t hUn bR; kfn us / u ,df=kr dj fueZyksa dk ,d l qi zfl ¼ v[ kkM+k / eZ èot *

uke l s LFkkfi r fd; kA bu fj; kl rksa us feydj bl v[ kkM+s dh 30 l w=kh; ,d fo'ks"k

fu; ekoyh rS; kj dh t ks vkt rd bl / eZ èot * v[ kkM+s vkSj bl dh ' kk[ kkvksa dks

dk; Zjr j[ ks gq, gSA

j ke jk; d s l ax HksaV

l krosa xq: Jh xq: gfj jk; l kgc t h us vi us t sBs l qi q=k jke jk; dks vkSjaxt +sc

ds i kl ml ds vkxzg i j ml ds l a'k; fuoÙk djus Hkst k Fkk vkSj pyrs l e; l ko/

ku fd; k Fkk fd csVk dgha l Ùkk/ kfj; ksa ds oSHko vFkok ncko esa u vkuk] fdUrq jkejk;

t h ,s'o; Z dh pdkpkSa/ esa ; g opu Hkwy x; s vkSj mUgksaus xq:ok.kh dh i afDr; ka cny

MkyhA cl bl Hk; adj Hkwy ds dkj.k ml dks] fi rk gfjjk; t h us] xq: ?kj esa l s

fu"dkfl r dj fn; kA vkSjaxt +sc us bl vol j dk ykHk mBkrs gq, QwV Mkyus ds fopkj

l s jke jk; dks ,d t kxhj ns nh ft l dk uke ckn esa nsgjknwu i zfl ¼ gqvkA mUgha fnuksa

x<+oky ds jkt k Qrsg'kkg us Hkh i k¡p xk¡o dh Hkwfe mUgsa vi uh vksj l s HksaV dhA vr%

jke jk; t h ; gha Msjk cuk dj LFkkbZ : i esa fuokl djus yxsA ; g LFkku i kÅ¡Vk uxj




6969

ds i woZ 20 dksl i j gSA t c jke jk; t h dks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds ukgu esa vkus vkSj

i kÅ¡Vk uxj cl kus dh l wpuk feyh rks muds ân; esa xq:nso l s HksaV djus dh mRl qdrk

mRi Uu gqbZA okLro esa og vi us el anksa l s rax vk; s gq, Fks D;ksafd el an mudh vkKk

ds fo:¼ euekuh djrs FksA el anksa ds foi jhr vkpj.k ds dkj.k og vc i hfM+r Fks

D; ksafd ft u el anksa dh l gk; rk l s mUgksaus vi uk xq:Me pyk; k gqvk Fkk os gh muds

fy, ?kkrd fl ¼ gks jgs FksA jke jk; t h dh o¼koLFkk ds dkj.k os vc vi us vki dks

Msjs ds Lokeh l e>us yxs Fks vkSj ek; k (/ u&l Ei nk) esa ywV epk j[ kh FkhA jkejk; t h

us xq:nso t h dks l ans'k Hkst k fd og mu l s xqIr : i esa feyuk pkgrs gSaA xq:nso us mUgsa

cqyk fy; k vkSj ; equk unh ds chp i kV esa ,d fo'ks"k uko esa HksaV okrkZ gqbZA jke jk;

t h vk;q esa cM+s Fks fdUrq fj' rs esa xq:nso muds pkpk yxrs FksA feyus ds l e; jke jk;

t h u xq:nso dks ' kh'k >qdk dj uezrki woZd i z.kke fd; k vkSj fourh dh fd esjh

fi Nyh Hkwyas {kek dh t k, vkSj mudh eR; q ds i ' pkr muds i fjokj dh j{kk dh t k; sA

xq:nso us opu fn; k ,sl k gh gksxkA vki fdl h i zdkj dh fpUrk u djsa vkSj mudks

drkFkZ fd; kA

d i ky ekspu

t xk/ jh l s i k¡p dksl mÙkj fn' kk dh vksj l <+kSjk uked LFkku ds l ehi di ky

ekspu rhFkZ LFky gSA ; gk¡ dkfrZd i wue ds fnu ,d fo'ks"k esys dk vk; kst u fd; k

t krk gSA fdonfUr ; ksa ds vuql kj Jh jkepUn t h us ,d nSR; dk fl j dkVk FkkA og

fl j egksnj ½f"k dh Vkaxksa l s fpi d x; kA t c ml us bl rhFkZ i j vkdj Luku fd; k

rks dgha t kdj fl j ml dh Vkax l s i Fkd gqvkA l u~ 1685 esa xq:nso t h i kÅ¡Vk uxj

l s ; gk¡ ekuo dY; k.k ds fy, i / kjsA mUgksaus yksxksa dks ; gk¡ dqcqf¼ djrs gq, gh i k; kA

; gk¡ rd fd di ky ekspu l jksoj ds fudV gh dbZ O; fDr eyew=k R; kxus yx t krs

FksA ft l l s l jksoj dh i fo=krk rks Hkax gksrh gh Fkh vfi rq i znw"k.k ds dkj.k yksxksa ds

LokLF; i j Hkh cqjk i zHkko gks jgk Fkk vkSj gSt k bR; kfn jksx QSyus dk Hk; mRi Uu gks

x; kA t c xq:nso us dqO; oLFkk ns[ kh rks og cgqr fpfUrr gq,A mUgksaus rqjUr bl i ; ZVd




7070

LFky ds i ; kZoj.k dks LoPN cukus dk fu.kZ; fy; kA vki us vi us l eLr ' kL=k/ kjh

l sodksa dks l jksoj ds pkjksa vksj rSukr dj fn; k vkSj vkns'k fn; k fd ; fn dksbZ O; fDr

; gk¡ ' kkSp djrk gqvk i k; k t krk gS rks ml dh i xM+h mrkj dj n.M : i esa j[ kyh t k,A

l sodksa us ,sl k gh fd; kA cgqr l s yksx i dM+ fy; s x; s] yxHkx ft udh l a[ ; k l kr l kS

FkhA l Hkh dh i xM+h vFkok i xM+h dh dher vuql kj jkf' k ol wy dh xbZA ,sl k djus i j

l Hkh yksx l rdZ gks x; sA xq:nso dk ,sl k djus dk ,dek=k mís' ; Fkk fd yksxksa dks

l jksoj dh i fo=krk dk vgl kl gks t k,A mu fnuksa yxHkx l Hkh yksx i xM+h / kj.k djrs

Fks vkSj i xM+h O; fDr dk l Eekfur fpUg gqvk djrk FkkA i xM+h dk t Cr gksuk vFkkZr

bTt r dk [ kksuk ekuk t krk FkkA bl i zdkj xq:nso us yksxksa esa t kx:drk ykus ds

nf"Vdks.k l s dqN u;s fu; e cuk; s ft l l s l nSo i fo=krk vFkok LoPNrk cuh jgsA ; gk¡

l s ykSVrs l e; bu i xfM+; ksa dks / qyk dj dqN l Eekfur l Tt uksa dks mi gkj Lo: i HksaV

dj nhA

j ke j k; d h eR; q

ckck jke jk; t h ds Msjs esa muds fcxM+s gq, el anksa dh pyrh FkhA ckck t h

mudh dBi qryh cudj jg x; s FksA ,d fnu jke jk; t h l ekf/ yxkdj i ou vkgkjh

gks x; s vFkok mUgksaus nl e }kj 'okl p<+k fy; sA ft l l s mudh ân; xfr vfr / heh gks

xbZA el anksa us mudks er ?kksf"kr dj fn; k i jUrq mudh i Ruh i ¡t kc dkSj us bl ckr dk

l [ r fojks/ fd; k vkSj dgk fd og vHkh t hfor gSa vkSj eq>s crk dj l ekf/ yhu gq,

gSa fdUrq el anksa us cyi owZd mu dh fprk jp nh vkSj l ¡Ldkj dj fn; kA bl ckr dh

l wpuk i ¡t kc dkSj us xq:nso dks i kÅ¡Vk uxj Hkst hA xq:nso rqjUr ' kksd l ekpkj i krs gh

nsgjknwu i gq¡psA okLro esa el anksa us vol j i krs gh jke jk; dks t hfor t ykdj mudh

gR; k dj nh Fkh vkSj og vkJe ds p<+kos dk l kjk / u Lo; ¡ gfFk; kuk pkgrs FksA bl h

l anHkZ esa ekrk i ¡t kc dkSj us xq:nso l s l gk; rk ekaxh FkhA vr% xq:nso us vi us opu

vuql kj mudh l gk; rk djus i gq¡p x; sA xq:nso us ; qfDr l s dke fy; kA l Hkh el anksa dks

'kksd l Hkk esa vkefU=kr fd; k x; k vkSj l Hkh dks i qjLdr djus dk >kal k fn; k x; kA t c




7171

l Hkh bDV~Bs gq, rks xq:nso ds ' kwjohjksa us vi jkf/ ; ksa dks / j nckspk vkSj ekrk i ¡t kc dkSj

ds dFku vuql kj dBksj n.M fn; sA dqN dks canh xg esa Mky fn; kA xq:nso us mUgsa

l Ecksf/ r djrs gq, Li "V fd; k fd os nsgjknwu ?kkVh l s nwj ugha] dqN gh ?kaVksa esa os

ykSVdj ; gk¡ i gq¡p l drs gSaA ; fn fdl h el an dh f' kdk; r nksckjk mu rd i gq¡ph rks

ml dks eR; q n.M Hkh fn; k t k l drk gSA bl i zdkj xq:nso ekrk i ¡t kc dkSj dh l gk; rk

djds ykSV vk; sA

ujs' k Qr sg' kkg d h yM+d h d s fookg d k fueU=k. k

x<+oky Jhuxj ds ujs' k us xq:nso dks vi uh i q=kh ds ' kqHk fookg i j vkefU=kr

fd; kA xq:nso dks HkhepUn ds eu ds [ kksV dk vkHkkl Fkk] vr% mUgksaus Lo; ¡ ogk¡t kuk mfpr ugha l e>k vkSj vi us nhoku uUnpUn ds gkFk csVh ds fy, vusdewY; oku mi gkj Qrsg'kkg ds i kl rEcksy ds : i esa fHkt ok fn; sA jkt k Qrsg'kkg usfl D[ kksa dh ' kwjohj l Sfud VqdM+h dks l Eeku l s uxj l s ckgj ,d vPNs LFkku i jBgjk; kA

xq:nso }kjk Hkst s x; s mi gkjksa dks t c l cds ns[ kus ds fy, j[ kk x; k rksHkhepUn dks xq:nso dk rEcksy cgqr v[ kjkA xq:nso dks og vi uk ' k=kq ekuus yxk FkkvkSj vi uh gksus okyh i q=k&o/ w ds fy, ' k=kq }kjk Hkst s x; s yk[ kksa ds mi gkj ml sLohdkj ugha FksA ; ksa Hkh og ugha pkgrk Fkk fd ml dk l e/ h Qrsg'kkg xq:nso l s eS=khj[ ksA vr% jax esa Hkax Mkyus ds fy, ml us ogk¡ Hkh ' k=kqrk ds cht cks fn; sA Qrsg'kkgl s ml us Li "V dg fn; k fd xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) ml dk i je ' k=kq gSA og vi us ' k=kqds fe=k ds ?kj vi us yM+ds dh ' kknh ugha djsxkA bl i j Qrsg'kkg ?kcjk x; s vkSj mumi gkjksa dks ysuk pkgdj Hkh [ kqys esa Lohdkj ugha dj i k; kA uUnpUn dks fLFkfr esafoLQksV dh xa/ feyhA vr% ml us l e; jgrs vi uk l keku ,d=k dj ogk¡ l s pys t kusesa gh vi uh dq'kyrk ns[ kh vkSj og oki l py i M+sA HkhepUn dh l suk us rEcksy ywVusdk nqLl kgl fd; k fdUrq nhoku uUn pUn us mUgsa ,sl s djkjs gkFk fn[ kyk, fd ogvi uh t ku cpkdj HkkxsA i kÅ¡Vk i gq¡p dj ml us xq:nso dks l kjh fLFkfr l s voxr

djok fn; kA




7272

m/ j Qrsg'kkg dh yM+dh dk fookg gks t kus ds mi jkUr l eLr i oZrh; ujs' kksa

us] ft uesa fo'ks"k dj pEck] l qdsr] e.Mh t l oky] gaMwj Hkacksj] dqVyksM] uwji qj]

fd' rokj] unkS.k] dfgywj] x<+oky] <Moky] pankSj bR; kfn Fks] dks ,df=kr fd; k vkSj

l Hkk cqykbZA bl l Hkk esa ; g i zLrko i kfjr fd; k x; k vkSj xq:nso dks fy[ kdj Hkst k

x; kA os mudh v/ hurk dks Lohdkj dj ysaA

geus vc rd vki dks dqN dguk Bhd ugha l e>k D; ksafd vki xq: ukud

nso t h dh xíh i j fojkt eku gks] i jUrq vki us mudh l Hkh i jEi jk,a cny nh gSaA vr%

gekjs l s vki dk jkt l h vkpj.k vkSj T; knk l gu djuk dfBu gks x; k gSA ; fn vki

l q[ kh jguk pkgrs gks rks vkKkdkjh i zt k dh Hkkafr jgsA fi Nys dR; ksa dh {kek ekaxks vkSj

vkxs l s gekjs vkns'k i kyu djus dk i z.k djsaA ; fn ,sl k ugha djuk rks vkuUni qj NksM+

dj pys t kvksA ; fn LFkku NksM+us ds fy, rS; kj ugha rks ; q¼ djds ge ; g LFkku NqM+ok

ysaxsA*

bl i =k ds mÙkj esa xq:nso t h us l ans'k Hkst k & ge fdl h dh gfFk; kbZ t ehu

i j ugha jgrsA fi rk t h (Jh xq: rsx cgknqj t h) us bl LFkku dks ewY; nsdj [ kjhnk

gSA ge fdl h dh i zt k ughaA ; q¼ dh / efd; k¡ O; FkZ gSA ; fn rqEgsa ; q¼ djus dk cgqr

gh pko gS rks ge Hkh ml ds fy, rS; kj gSaA*

l eLr fLFkfr dks è; ku esa j[ krs gq, xq:nso us ; q¼ ds fy, rS; kfj; ka vkjEHk dj

nh vkSj vkØe.k dk eq¡grksM+ mÙkj nsus ds fy, dfVc¼ gq,A j.kuhfr dks è; ku esa j[ krs

gq, mUgksaus i kÅ¡Vk uxj ds mÙkj dh fn'kk esa 6 dksl dh nwjh i j Hkaxk.kh uked LFkku

dks l kefjd nf"V l s ; q¼ ds fy, mi ; qDr t kudj ekspsZ cukus yxsA ; gh og LFkku gS]

t gk¡ l s i zkphudky esa ukgu vkSj nsgjknwu dk l M+d l s l EcU/ LFkkfi r gksrk Fkk vkSj

t gk¡ l s fdf' r ; ksa }kjk ; equk i kj dh t krh FkhA ;equk ds ml i kj pwgM+i qj uked xkao

gS




7373

d kyl h ½f"k d k fu/ u

dkyl h ds ½f"k us t c vi uk vfUre l e; fudV t kuk rks vkjk/ uk dh fd

i zHkq ! eq>s l kdkj : i esa ,d ckj i zR; {k n'kZu ns dj drkFkZ djsaA m/ j i kÅ¡Vk uxj

esa xksfcUn jk; t h Hkh O; kdqy fn[ kkbZ nsus yxsA mUgksaus rqjUr ukgu l s esnuh i zdk'k dks

cqyk Hkst k vkSj dgk gekjs l kFk ; equk ds ml i kj f' kdkj djus pyksA ujs' k Qrsg'kkg

ds {ks=k esa t kus dks vc dksbZ Hk; ugha Fkk D; ksafd ml ds l ax vc eS=kh dh l af/ gks pqdh

FkhA xq:nso f' kdkj [ ksyrs [ ksyrs dkyl h ds fudV i gq¡p x; sA

½f"k us vi uk vfUre l e; fudV t kudj vi us l sod l s dgk & t kvks]

t Ynh l s ml ; qod dks <w¡< dj ykvks t ks bu fnuksa ; gha fopj.k dj jgs gSaA l sod pkUnks

us i wNk vki mudk i fjp; ns vFkok dksbZ i gpku crk nsa ft l l s mudks feyus esa vkSj

i gpkuus esa l gt rk gks t k,A bl i j ½f"k us dgk & og l qUnj] ' kL=k/ kjh] yEcs rFkk

rst Loh ; qod gS] ft udh fo'ks"k i gpku muds ckt w l h/ s djus i j brus vf/ d yEcs

gSa fd og ?kqVuksa l s Li ' kZ djrs gSaA t Sl s gh og feys esjk mudks l ans'k nsuk fd eSa eR; q

'kSÕ; k i j gw¡ vkSj vfUre nhnkj dh pkgr j[ krk gw¡A

l sod mudk l ans'k ysdj vkl &i kl ds ouksa esa ,sl s ; qod dh [ kkst esa t qV

x; kA t Ynh gh ml dk i fjJe jax yk; k] ml s ?kksM+ksa dh Vki ksa ds fpUg fn[ kkbZ fn; sA og

bu Vki ksa ds i hNs py i M+k] dqN gh nwj t kus i j ml s jkt l h i ks'kkdksa esa dqN f' kdkjh

fn[ kkbZ fn; sA og rqjUr ogha i gq¡pk i jUrq nqfo/ k esa Fkk fd og ; qod bu esa l s dkSu gS

\ dSl s i gpkuk t k, ] t c rd fd og vi us ckt w l h/ s ugha djrsA dqN l e; i zrh{kk

djus ds i ' pkr pkUnks* ½f"k t h }kjk crk; s i fjp; ds vuqeku vuql kj xksfcUn jk;

(fl a?k) t h ds i kl i gq¡pk vkSj fourh djus yxk fd di ; k vki vi us ckt w l h/ s dj

ds fn[ kk, rkfd eSa t ku l dw¡ fd vki ogha gS] ft l s esjs xq: t h us [ kkst us Hkst k gSA

xq:nso eqLdqjk fn; s vkSj ckt w l h/ s djds ml s fn[ kk,A okLro esa og ?kqVuksa dks Li ' kZ dj

jgs FksA og ; g ns[ krs gh [ kq'kh l s fpYyk mBkA vki ogha gS] ft l ds fy, esjs xq: t h us

l ans'k Hkst k gSA mÙkj esa xq:nso dgus yxs & gk¡ rqeus Bhd i gpkuk gSA ge mUgsa gh




7474

feyus vk; s gSaA rHkh ujs' k esnuh i zdk'k dks Lej.k gks vk; k fd ; gk¡ i j rks ,d nh?kZ

vk; q ds ½f"k t h dk vkJe gS t gk¡ ge dqN l e; i gys muds n'kZuksa dks vk; s FksA

l sod pkUnksa us xq:nso dks ½f"k dk l Uns'k l quk; k vkSj dgk og dsoy ,d ckj vki

ds n'kZu djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa vki ds n'kZuksa ds fy, gh muds i zk.k ' kjhj esa

vVds gq, gSa] t Sl s gh vki mudks n'kZu nsdj drkFkZ djsaxs rks og ' kjhj R; kx nsaxsA

xq:nso rFkk muds l axh l Hkh ½f"k ds vkJe i gq¡psA ml l e; og / wi esa ysVs

csl q/ i M+s Fks] ' khr ½rq dh l aè; k gksus dks FkhA xq:nso us mudks vi uh xksnh esa fy; k

vkSj t y eaxokdj fi yk; k] t Sl s gh ½f"k t h l qpsr gq, og [ kq'kh l s f[ ky mBk vkSj

xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa ysV x; k vkSj dgus yxk & cl vc esjh vfUre bPNk i w.kZ gqbZ]

vc esjs 'okl ksa dh i wat h l ekIr gS* vkSj ns[ krs gh ns[ krs ml us ' kjhj R; kx fn; kA xq:nso

us ogha mudh vaR; sf"V mudh bPNk vuql kj l Ei Uu dj nh vkSj okfi l ykSV vk; sA

ckjkr d k i zLFkku

bUgha fnuksa HkhepUn ds yM+ds vt esj pUn dk fookg fuf'pr gks x; kA

HkhepUn ckjkr ysdj Jhuxj (x<+oky) dh vksj pykA jkLrs esa i kÅ¡aVk uxj i M+rk FkkA

bl fy, HkhepUn ds eu dk pksj ,d ckj fQj [ kqjki kr i j vkeknk gqvkA ckjkr esa

ml ds l kFk nl ckgj vU; i gkM+h jkt kvksa dh l suk,a Hkh FkhA HkhepUn dh vi uh l suk

rks Fkh gh] bl i zdkj dfgywj ujs' k bl l e; vi us dks vf/ d l cy vkSj ' kfDr ' kkyh

l e> jgk FkkA vr% ml us bjknk cuk; k fd ekxZ esa fcuk yydkjs og l sukvksa dh

l gk; rk l s i kÅ¡Vk uxj o xq:nso dk vkJe ywV ysxkA ; fn xq:nso dh vksj l s l Sfud

fojks/ gqvk Hkh rks mUgsa i jkft r djuk l gt gksxk D; ksafd 'kfDr l Urqyu ml ds i {k

esa gSA

nq"V dh nq"Vrk dks i gys l s gh t kudj neu dj nsuk egki q: "kksa dh fof' k"Vrk

gksrh gSA xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h us HkhepUn ds eu dk pksj t ku fy; k] vr% ml s

l Uns'k fHkt ok fn; k fd rqEgs ukgu jkT; l s xqt j dj Jhuxj t kus dh NwV ugha nh t k

l drhA ; fn rqe t cjnLrh ,sl k djksxs rks rqEgsa gekjh l sukvksa ds l kFk ; q¼ djds gh




7575

vkxs c<+uk gksxkA xq:nso ds l qpsr gksus dh l wpuk i krs gh HkhepUn ?kcjk x; kA ; ksa Hkh

fookg l s i woZ gh ckjkr dk fdl h ; q¼ esa my>uk ml s vi ' ku i zrhr gqvkA ml dh

; kst uk ds vuql kj ywVi kV dk dk;ZØe Fkk fdUrq xq:nso dh / edh i kdj grkgr l k

HkhepUn ckjkr dk ekxZ cny ysus dks foo'k gqvkA ; g nwl jk ekxZ ; equkuxj l s gfj}kj

gksrk gqvk Jhuxj dks t krk Fkk t ks fd yxHkx 50 dksl yEck FkkA

i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa l kfgR; d h mRi fÙk

bLyke esa l axhr dks gjke ekuk x; k gSA vr% vkSjaxt s+c us vi us ' kkl udky esa

vkns'k t kjh djds jkx&xk; u oft Zr dj fn; k vkSj jkT; dks l Ei w.kZ bLykeh i z' kkl u

?kksf"kr dj fn; kA dyk&l axhr i j i zfrcU/ yxrs gh] cgqr l s l axhrdkj] dfo]

l kfgR; dkj bR; kfn csjkst xkj gks x; sA t c mUgsa ekywe gqvk fd xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k)

cgqr cM+s dyki zseh gSa vkSj dfo; ksa rFkk l axhrKksa dk l Eeku djrs gSa vFkok / u nkSyr

nsdj fuokt rs gSa rks cgqr l s dfo] l axhrdkj vkSj l kfgR; dkj vki dks [ kkst rs [ kkst rs

vki dh 'kj.k esa i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa vk x; sA b/ j xq: ukud ds ?kj esa dhrZu (/ kfeZd

l axhr) dks i zeq[ krk i zkIr FkhA xq:nso dhrZu dks i zHkq l s l qesy dk l oksZre l k/ u ekurs

Fks vkSj og Lo; ¡ enax] rcyk o fl jank cgqr l qUnj ct krs Fks] t Sl s gh ns'k esa jkx l quus

o xk; u djus okyksa dks nf.Mr fd; k t kus yxk rks dbZ jkxh i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa vki ds

njckj dh ' kksHkk c<+kus yxsA

xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h t gk¡ ' kL=k fo| k esa fui q.k Fks] ogha dhrZu ds Hkh

vkf' kd FksA vki t h l ¡Ldr ] fgUnh] vjch] Qkjl h rFkk i ¡t kch Hkk"kkvksa ds mPp dksfV

ds fo}ku gksus ds dkj.k vU; fo}kuksa dks cgqr i zksRl kfgr djrs FksA bl fy, vki ds

njckj esa 52 dfo Fks t ks fd vki dks l e; l e; i j ohj jl dh dfork,a l qukus dk

dk; Z djrs jgrs FksA vki us t u l k/ kj.k rFkk vi us l Sfudksa esa ohjrk ds l apkj ds fy,

u; k l kfgR; jpus ds vkns'k fn; s vkSj dqN i qjkru yksd dFkkvksa dks u; s vUnkt esa jp

dj ; ks¼kvksa esa u; s l k/ u* ,d u; s i z; ksx ds : i esa mi yC/ djk; s ft l l s ohjrk dh

i szj.kk fey l dsA




7676

vki dks i kÅ¡Vk dh Hkwfe ds je.khd LFky t ks fd ; equk ds rV i j ,dkUrokl

dk vH; kl djokrs Fks] cgqr Hkkrs] ; gha cSBdj vki Lo; ¡ ,dkxj gksdj i zHkq pj.kksa esa

yhu gksrs rks vki ds vUr%dj.k esa l s dkO; QwV fudyrk & ; gha vki t h us vdky

Lrqfr ] t ki l kgc bR; kfn cgqr l h jpuk,a jphA

xq:nso us l eLr 52 dfo; ksa dh vkt hfodk dh l kjh ft Eesokjh vi us Åi j yh

gqbZ FkhA vki t c fdl h dfo dh jpuk i j i zl Uu gks t krs rks ml dks buke ds rkSj i j

[ kqys fny l s nkSyr nsrsA bu dfo; ksa esa vki ds i kl dqN eql yeku dfo Hkh dk; Zjr FksA

xq:nso dh mnkj ekufl drk rFkk fo| k i zse dks ns[ krs gq, Hkkjr ds fofHkUu fo| k dsUnzksa

l s vusd fo}ku vkSj dkO; i zoh.k O; fDrÙo xq: njckj esa yxkrkj vkus yxsA dqN

dfo rks xq:nso ds vkJe esa LFkk; h rkSj i j jgus yxsA dqN FkksM+s l e; ds fy, vkdj

i kÅ¡Vk uxj esa jgs vkSj xq: bPNk ds vuq: i Kku l adyu fd; kA xq:nso dk fo| k

njckj bruk fo[ ; kr gks x; k Fkk fd dqN dfox.k dsoy rhFkZ dh r jg njckj esa vkrs]

Kku&ppsZ djrs vkSj ykSV t krsA rkRi ; Z ; g fd xq: njckj ds LFkk; h jgus okys dfo; ksa

ds vfr fjDr Hkh ogk¡ dfo; ksa dk fujUr j vkokxeu cuk jgrk FkkA njckj l s dksbZ

[ kkyh gkFk ugha ykSVrk FkkA xq: t h mUgsa vo' ; gh / u] oL=k] dksbZ cgqewY; oLrq

bR; kfn nku esa nsrs vkSj mUgsa l Eekfur djrsA bu dfo; ksa dh l a[ ; k 52 l s 125 ds chp

rd ekuh xbZ gSA l kFk gh ; g Hkh dgk t krk gS fd vusd vU; dfo vLFkkh; rkSj i j

Hkh cqyk, t krs FksA

bu l cus feydj bruh fo'kky jpuk,a fy[ kh fd i kaMqfyfi ; ksa dk l a;qDr ot u

ukS eu cks> gks x; k vkSj xzaFk dk uke fo| k/ j j[ kk x; kA vkuUni qj i j eqx+y vkØe.k

ds mi jkUr t c xq:nso us vi us i jke'kZnkrkvksa ds ncko esa vkdj vkuUnx<+* fdyk

NksM+k vkSj ckn esa ' kkgh l sukvksa us fo'okl ?kkr fd; k rks fo| k/ j xzaFk ' k=kqvksa ds dCt s

esa pyk x; k vkSj mUgksaus ml s u"V dj fn; kA




7777

Hkaxk. kh* j . k{ks=k cu x; k

vkf[ kj i oZrh; ujs'kksa dk fVM~Mh ny Hkaxk.kh ds eSnku esa vk i gq¡pkA ,d

vuqeku ds vuql kj yxHkx nl gt kj l suk ysdj ; g i oZrh; ujs' kksa dk ny vkxs c<+kA

ft l esa Hkkx ysus okys HkhepUn] di ky pUn dVksp] dsl jh pUn t Sl oky] l q[ kn; ky

t l jsr ] gjhpUn ukykx<+] i FkhpUn <<oky] Hkwi ky pUn eqysj bR;kfn FksA i Unzg vi zSy

1687 dks nksuksa l sukvksa esa ?kekl ku ; q¼ i zkjEHk gqvkA xq:nso dh vksj l s l Sfud VqdfM+; ksa

dh vxqokbZ xq:nso dh cqvk ohjksa t h* ds i k¡pksa l qi q=k HkkbZ l axks'kkg] t hrey]

eksgjhpUn] xqykc jk; vkSj xaxk jke dj jgs FksA xq:nso ds ekek di ky pUn t h us Hkh

; q¼ esa Hkkx fy; kA nhokupUn] i qjksfgr n; kjke vkSj vU; vusdksa fl D[ kksa us vi us vi us

t RFkksa dh deku l EHkkyhA jkt k esnuh i zdk'k us vi us pquhank fl i kgh xq:nso dh l suk

esa Hkst fn; sA bl i zdkj xq:nso ds i kl ; ks¼kvksa dh l a[ ; k 2500 l s Åi j gks xbZA bl

vol j i j ,d dk'kh dk c<+bZ fl D[ k xq: n'kZuksa dks vk; k t ks xq: HksaV ds : i esa ,d

fo'ks"k dykdfr }kjk rS; kj ydM+h dh rksi yk; kA bl dh fo'ks"krk ; g Fkh fd bl dk

ckgjh [ kksy ydM+h dk rFkk Hkhr jh fgLl k ,d fo'ks"k / krq }kjk rS; kj fd; k x; k Fkk t ks

ckj ckj i z; ksx djus i j xeZ ugha gksrk FkkA

; s l jnkj i Bku vi us l okjksa l fgr osru i zkjEHk l s ysrs jgs vkSj ; q¼ ds djrc

djrs jgsA vkt t c nyksa esa rS; kjh dk gqdqe gqvk rc bUgksaus feydj l ykg dh fd ge

; q¼ esa u Hkkx ysa vkSj f[ kl d pysaA vr% "kM~; U=k djds vxys fnu xq:nso dh l sok esa

gkft j gq, vkSj NqV~Vh ek¡xus yxsA bl l e; ; g [ kcj fdl h r jg Hkh l q[ knkbZ ugha gks

l drh Fkh] i j xq:nso dh vksj l s bUgsa l e>k; k x; k vkSj osru c<+kus dk Hkjksl k fn; k

x; k] ; gk¡ rd osru i kap xq.kk c<+k nsus dks dgk x; k i j mUgksaus ,d u ekuhA l axks'kkg

us vUr esa ; g Hkh dg fn; k fd ; fn t hrdj vk x; s rks eksgjksa dh ,d ,d <ky

Hkjdj nsaxs] rc Hkh u ekusA rc l axks'kkg us vkdj xq:nso l s dgk fd vc bUgsa j[ kuk

Bhd ugha] ; fn vki dh vkKk gks rks bUgsa ywV i hVdj fudky nsaA rc l Rxq: t h us

dgk] bUgsa ywVks i hVks ugha vkSj oSl s gh t kus nksA varr% ; ksa os pys x; sA ; gk¡ l s rks ; g




7878

dg dj pys Fks fd ?kjksa dks t k jgs gSa] i j FkksM+h nwj t kdj ; equk ds i kj pys x; s vkSj

x<+oky ds ekxZ i j i M+ x; s vkSj jkt kvksa l s t kdj feysA buesa l s ,d dkys [ kka gh

vi uh VqdM+h l fgr jg x; kA ; g vi us l kfFk; ksa dks Hkh ued gjke cuus l s jksdrk jgk]

t c os u ekus] rc ; g muds l kFk u x; k vkSj Lokeh HkfDr ds fy, xq:nso dh ' kj.k

esa gh jgkA t c xq:nso us ; g ckr l quh]rc ml s Hkh pys t kus dk l Uns'k Hkst k] i j og

u x; k] rc xq:nso us l Eeq[ k cqykdj ml s dqN buke fn; k vkSj dgk fd rq>s i zl Uurk

l s Hkst jgs gSa] rq> i j fdl h r jg Hkh ukjkxh ugha gSA l ks og xq: t h dh vkKk ekudj

fdl h nwl js LFkku i j pyk x; k i j ' k=kq dh l suk ds l kFk t kdj og ugha feykA t ks

i Bku Qrsg'kkg dh l suk esa t kdj fey x; s Fks] muds l kFk Qrsg'kkg us ok; nk dj

fy; k Fkk fd osru rFkk nwl js buke ds bykok] ; fn Qrg gks xbZ rks rqEgsa ywV dk eky

Hkh ns fn; k t k; sxkA bl r jg ywVekj dk ykyp i zk; % l ¡l kj ds bfrgkl esa t axh t ksjkojksa

us cjrk gS] ft l l s fuEu Hkkoksa l s t ks'k esa of¼ gksrh gSA i Bkuksa dks vc rd xq: ?kj dk

l kjk i rk py pqdk Fkk vkSj os [ kq'k Fks fd t krs gh l kjs [ kt kus dks nck ysaxs vkSj

vkt hou / uh cudj ?kjksa dks ykSVsaxsA

b/ j rks ; s fonk gq, ] m/ j xq:nso ds i kl mnkl h egar di ky t h r i h i q: "k Fkk

vkSj i k¡p l kS mnkl h l k/ qvksa ds l kFk xq:nso ds i kl jgrk Fkk ml l e; ; s mnkl h l k/

q dHkh dHkh dl jr Hkh djrs Fks vkSj yM+kbZ ds djrc Hkh t kurs FksA l k/ qvksa ds <sjksa dk

uke v[ kkM+k* Hkh bu dl jr djus okys v[ kkM+ksa l s gh i M+k gSA ; s i k¡p l kS t oku rxM+s

yM+us okys FksA i j t c bUgksaus ns[ kk fd i k¡p l kS i Bku pydj nwl jh vksj t k feys gSa vkSj

' ks"k t kfr ; ksa ds yksx ft Ugsa ;q¼ fo| k fl [ kkbZ xbZ gS] u; s gSa vkSj fu'p; gh gkj gksxh

D; ksafd m/ j i gys gh cgqr rkdr gS vkSj vc brus ; ks¼k vkSj t kdj fey x; s gSa] rc

os Hkh jkrksajkr f[ kl d x; sA l osjs t c vki t h ds i kl [ kcj i gq¡ph fd mnkl h l k/ q Hkh

jkr dks pys x; s gSa rc vki t h us i wNk] D; k l kjs gh pys x; s gSa dksbZ jg Hkh x; k gS

\ rc fdl h us crk; k fd e.Myh rks pyh xbZ gS] i j egar t h cSBs gSaA rc l rxq: t h

eqLdqjk; s vkSj cksys & okgok] ; fn t M+ jg xbZ rks l c dqN jg x; kA ; fn i zk.k cp jgs

gSa rks l c dqN cp jgk gSA ; fn egar Hkh pyk t krk rks xq: ds ?kj l s budk l EcU/




7979

VwV t krk] vc l EcU/ cuk jgsxkA ,sl s psyksa dk D;k gS t ks vi us egar dks NksM+dj pys

x; s gSa] psys vkSj cu t k; saxsA t kvks di ky dks cqyk ykvksA t c egar t h vk; s vkSj ' kh'k

>qdk dj cSB x; s] rc xq:nso us eqLdqjk dj i wNk & egar t h ! psys dgk¡ gSa \ rc

vki cksys & ge vYi K gSa vki dh efgek ugha t ku l drsA vr% nqfu; knkjh dh nf"V

j[ kus okys fopfyr gksdj Hkkx x; s gSaA ; fn vki dh di k nf"V gks rks D; k ugha gks

l drkA bl ckr dk eq>s i w.kZ Hkjksl k gSA

l kspus dh ckr ; g gS fd ft l l suk esa l s i zfl ¼ i k¡p l kS ; ks¼k i hB fn[ kkdj

pys t k; sa vkSj ' k=kq dh l suk l s t kdj fey t k; sa] ml dk vl j ' ks"k l suk i j fdruk fny

<+gkus okyk rFkk fujk' kk okyk gksrk gSA fQj ft l esa l s i k¡p l kS vkSj pys t k; sa rks l kgl

vkSj mRl kg dks vkSj vk?kkr i gq¡prk gSA ,d gt kj dh deh vkSj og Hkh fcYdqy ; q¼

ds l e; dksbZ NksVh ckr ugha i j xq:nso dk vi uk u >qdus okyk eu mRl kg esa gS vkSj

vi us l sukfu; ksa esa ,sl k mRl kg Hkj j[ kk gS fd mUgksaus fny ugha NksM+kA l Hkh dej dl dj

rS; kj gSaA gjh Hkjh Hkaxk.kh dks t k jgs gSa] eksjps cka/ dj fBdkuksa dks l EHkky jgs gSaA l p

dh uhao dh uhfr i j Vsd j[ kus okys uhfrK vkSj usrk xq:nso us ,d fpV~Bh cq/ w'kkg

dks fy[ khA ml esa fy[ kk fd t ks i Bku vkSjaxt s+c dh vksj l s gVk; s t kus i j gekjs ; gk¡

ukSdj gq, Fks] os vc i gkM+h jkt kvksa l s t k feys gSaA bl r jg dh fpV~Bh Hkst dj vki

Hkaxk.kh dks t kus dh rS; kjh i j fopkj djus yxsA dqN l suk vkSj t RFksnkj fdys esa j[ ks

vkSj mUgsa ogka dh Hkyh HkkfUr j{kk djus dh vkKk nhA m/ j Hkaxk.kh esa t ks i zcU/ i gys

Hkst h xbZ l suk dh VqdM+h us djus Fks] muds eqdEey gks t kus dh [ kcj vk xbZA xq:nso

dh cqvk ds i q=k i k¡p HkkbZ cM+s ' kwjohj Fks vkSj xq: t h dh l suk esa l sukuh t RFksnkj cudj

jgrs FksA i k¡pksa gh cM+s ' kwjohj vkSj ; q¼ fo| k esa fui q.k FksA i k¡pksa dk gh xq:nso ds l kFk

vR; Ur I; kj FkkA l cl s cM+k l axks'kkg Fkk] t ks fd vk; q¼ fo| k dk fui q.k mLrkn Fkk]

nwl jk t hrey rhl jk xqykcpUn] pkSFkk x¡xkjke vkSj i k¡pok ekgjh pUn Fkk] ; s cM+s

mRl kg esa Fks vkSj budh l suk cM+s pko esa FkhA vc ; s l kjs rS; kj Fks fd [ kcj feyh fd

Qrsg'kkg dh l suk fudV vk jgh gSA xq: t h dh vkKk i kdj i k¡pksa HkkbZ vi uh vi uh

l suk dks ysdj Hkaxk.kh dh vksj py fn; sA bl r jg l kjk l keku djds xq:nso vki Hkh

?kksM+s i j p<+dj py fn; s vkSj i hNs i hNs vki dh vi uh l suk Hkh py i M+hA




8080

HkaxkM+h i gq¡pdj xq:nso us l kjh rS; kjh ns[ kh vkSj vi uh l suk dh ; kst uk ck¡/ h

vkSj VqdfM+; k¡ ckaVdj ekspksZ i j fVdk fn; kA

'k=kq ds nyksa esa ; q¼ dk ewy vkØe.kdkjh bl l e; Qrsg'kkg Fkk D; ksafd ml h

ds {ks=k l s ujs' k HkhepUn dh i zsj.kk i j ; q¼ Fkksi k t k jgk FkkA Qrsg'kkg / uoku vkSj

uhfrK rFkk [ kwc cy'kkyh jkt k Fkk vkSj HkhepUn ; q¼ dk i zsjd Fkk] t ks fd rhjnkat h

rFkk vU; ' kL=k fo| kvksa esa i zohu vi us l e; dk cyh ; ks¼k FkkA jkt k gjhpUn Hkh ml

l e; rhjankt h dk mLrkn FkkA ' k=kq dh l suk esa ml l e; , sl s ,sl s ' kwjohj Fks] ft uds l kFk

; q¼ djuk dksbZ vkl ku [ ksy ugha FkkA xq: l kgc bl l e; p<+rh gqbZ t okuh esa yxHkx

chl o"kZ dh vk; q ds Fks] i j vki esa ; q¼ dk mRl kg vl he FkkA / uq"k fo| k esa deky

dh i zoh.krk Fkh vkSj vi uh l suk esa] t ks ' kjhj ds l kFk l kFk fny dk cy* Hkjk Fkk] og

mudh ,d vuks[ kh l Qyrk Fkh

'k=kq dh l suk,a vc ; equk ds i kj i gq¡p pqdh Fkh vkSj bl i kj vkdj ekspsZ cka/

s [ kM+h FkhA xq:nso us n; kjke dks l kFk ysdj ' k=kq dh l suk dh O; wg jpuk dks t k¡pkA ckabZ

vksj i Bkuh l suk Fkh] nkabZ vksj jkt kvksa dh l suk FkhA Qrsg'kkg i hNs Fkk t ks l kjk i zcU/

dj jgk FkkA gjhpUn gaMwfj; k l cl s vkxs okyh VqdM+h esa [ kM+k FkkA bl r jg dh i M+rky

vHkh l ekIr gqbZ Fkh fd nf{k.k fn' kk dh vksj dqN nwjh i j / wy mM+rh gqbZ fn[ kkbZ nhA

bl s ns[ kdj uUn pUn us vkdj [ kcj nh fd ,d l suk vk jgh yxrh gSA i gys rks eSa

l ksp esa i M+ x; k Fkk] i j ,d nwr [ kcj yk; k gS fd cq/ w'kkg pkj i q=k vkSj l kr l kS t oku

ysdj vk; k gSA vki ; g [ kcj l qudj cgqr i zl Uu gq, vkSj l axks'kkg dks gqDe fn; k x; k

fd vi uh ckaV esa ubZ l suk ds i zcU/ dk fopkj djds cq/ w'kkg dks bl dk C; kSjk crk nsaA

cq/ w'kkg dh dqed dh [ kcj l kjs fl [ k ny esa >Vi V QSy xbZ] bl l s l cds fnyksa esa

nqxquh meax Hkj xbZA l axks'kkg us xq:nso dh jk; l s vi us nkc ?kkc ds i zcU/ dj j[ ks

FksA j.kLrEHk xkM+ fn; k FkkA vc bl ckr i j fopkj gks jgk Fkk fd i gys ge p<+kbZ djsa

vFkok 'k=kq dk i gyk okj ns[ ksaA brus esa m/ j l s vpkud okj gks x; kA vc l axks'kkg

dh vksj l s cUnwdksa dh Hkjekj gqbZ] i j os cM+s osx l s meM+sa vk jgs Fks vkSj gok mudh

vksj osx l s t k jgh Fkh] b/ j dh cUnwdksa vkSj t acwjksa ds / w,a mUgsa vU/ sjk dj jgs FksA




8181

muds rhj vkSj xksfy; ka fu'kkus i j cgqr de cSBrs FksA b/ j l s cgqr fu' kkus cSBrs Fks]

i j os c<+rs c<+rs ,d ,sl s fBdkus i j vk x; s t gk¡ i j ,d uhps LFkku i j l axks'kkg ds

canwdph fNi s cSBs FksA budh Hkjh gqbZ rksM+snkj cUnwdksa us ,d ckj >M+h yxk nhA rhu pkj

l kS i gkfM+; s ml h LFkku i j grkgr gks x; sA bl l s t ks l Sfud c<+s vk jgs Fks os fBBd x; s

vkSj b/ j l s fQj xksfy; ka pyus yxhaA bl r jg nks rhu l kS vkSj i gkfM+; s grkgr gks x; sA

rc gjhpUn us l suk dks i hNs gVk fy; k vkSj ckabZ vksj dks pyk x; kA Qrsg'kkg us i wNk

& gjhpUn ! xq: ds i kl , sl h l h[ kh gqbZ l suk dgk¡ l s vk xbZ gS \ i Bku rks mUgsa

NksM+dj b/ j vk x; s gSaA gjhpUn us dgk] bu i Bkuksa dks l kjs Hksn dk i rk gS] bUgsa vkxs

fd; k t k; sA l ks Qrsg'kkg us Hkh[ ku'kkg dks cqykdj dgk fd rqEgsa l kjh fl D[ k l suk dk

i rk gS] rqe vkxs c<+ks vkSj mUgsa gkFkksa gkFk ys yksA xq: ds [ kt kus dh l kjh ywV rks

rqEgkjh gksxh] ; g ckr rks i gys gh dgh t k pqdh gS] ge ml esa l s Hkkx ugha ekaxsxsA bl

r jg dk yksHk nsdj og i Bkuksa dks vkxs c<+kdj ys vk; k vkSj l axks'kkg dh VqdM+h i j

vk >i VkA i Bkuksa dh l suk vc l axks'kkg dh VqdM+h i j c<+s t ks'k vkSj osx ds l kFk

>i VhA vkxs l axks'kkg Hkh ,d egku 'kwjohj Fkk] i Bkuksa ds vkrs gh ml us xksfy; ksa dh

ckSNkj l s eq¡g rksM+dj mudh [ kkfr j dhA i Bku ft l rst h l s vkdj i Sj fgyk nsus dh

l ksp jgs Fks] os fgyk u l dsA vc nksuksa vksj l s ?kekl ku dk ;q¼ ep x; kA bl s ns[ kdj

xq:nso us uUn pUn vkSj n; kjke dks dqN l suk nsdj l axks'kkg dh dqed ds fy, Hkst

fn; kA bUgksaus ,sl s rhj pyk; s fd t ks rhj ft l s yxk] og ugha cpkA bl LFkku i j l axzke

dk cgqr l [ r t ksj gks x; kA xq:nso ds i kl yky pUn ekgh [ kM+k Fkk] og cM+k i gyoku

vkSj cyoku O; fDr Fkk] l rxq: t h l s vkKk ysdj og Hkh l axks'kkg okys LFkku i j t k

i gq¡pkA bl us i gyokuh cy l s rhj pykdj c<+s t okuksa dks ekjkA bl ds rhjksa dh ekj

ns[ kdj nksuksa i {k ds yksx okg okg djus yxsA

yky pUn dk ; q¼ ns[ kdj ,d yky pUn uked gyokbZ Hkh ' kL=k ysdj ml h

fBdkus i j t k i gq¡pkA i Bkuksa dks ;g i rk Fkk fd i gyk rks eNqvk gS vkSj nwl jk gyokbZ

gS] fQj ; g ' kwjohj dSl s gks x; s gSaA vc ekgjh pUn vkxs c<+k] bl rst h l s fd 'k=kq dh

l suk esa f?kj x; kA bl us vi us cy vkSj Øks/ esa fdrus gh i Bkuksa dk o/ dj fn; kA vc

?kksM+k ?kk; y gks x; k Fkk vkSj vki Hkh ekjk t kus okyk gh Fkk] i j l axks'kkg us ns[ kk fd




8282

HkkbZ ?ksjs esa Q¡l x; k gS] og ,dne l okjksa dk nLrk ysdj t k i gq¡pk vkSj ft l rst h l s

x; k Fkk] ml h rst h l s HkkbZ dks ?ksjs l s fudkydj ys vk; kA bl r jg ml ds cpdj

fudy t kus i j i Bku pfdr gks jgs FksA bl ckr dks nksuksa vksj l s fl D[ kksa dh fot ;

dk i gyk dne l e>k x; kA bl l e; ds ; q¼ ds ' kwjohjksa ds uke vkSj ; q¼ dk l af{kIr

o.kZu Hkh xq:nso us Lo; ¡ fd; k gSA

; q¼ {ks=k ds chpksa chp t Sl k fd Åi j crk; k t k pqdk gS ?kekl ku ; q¼ gks jgk

FkkA uhps dh vksj l s cq/ w'kkg mUgsa jksd dj [ kM+k FkkA unh ds fdukjs fdukjs bl eSnku

dh yEckbZ dkQh nwj rd FkhA dqN i gkM+h jkt kvksa] l suk vkSj nwl js yksxksa dk Hkkjh

t e?kV b/ j Fkk] bl fy, bl uhps dh vksj dks jksduk t : jh FkkA vr% bl vksj l s cq/

w'kkg us jksd j[ kk Fkk fd b/ j l s ' k=kq chp ds ; q¼ dh vksj l gk; rk ds fy, i g¡qp u

l dsA vUr esa bUgksaus ,d xksykbZ esa gksdj bDV~Bk / kok cksy fn; k] ft l s cq/ w'kkg us

vi us cy vkSj ohjrk l s jksdkA i hj ds pkjksa i q=k vi uh vi uh l suk dks prqjkbZ l s yM+ok

jgs FksA bl / kos dks bUgksaus bl ohjrk l s jksdk fd c<+rh vk jgh l suk ds l SadM+ksa t okuksa

dks ekj fn; kA xq: l kgc Lo; ¡ l kjs ekspksZ dk i rk j[ k jgs Fks vkSj vko' ; drk i M+us i j

t xg t xg i j pDdj yxkdj l kjh fLFkfr dks ns[ k jgs FksA os cq/ w'kg vkSj ml ds l qi q=kksa

dh ohjrk dks ns[ kdj i zl Uu gks jgs FksA vc vki vkxs c<+s] rc i gkfM+; s dV x; s vkSj

t c Hkkjh jksd i M+h rc l kjs i hNs gV x; sA bl l e; cq/ w'kkg us nwl jh VqdM+h l s / kok cksy

fn; kA ft l s l gu u dj l dus i j vkl i kl ds vkSj vkxs c<+s gq, i gkfM+; s ?kcjkdj mB

HkkxsA bUgsa Hkkxrs gq, ns[ kdj xqysfj; k xksi ky* ?kcjk; k fd buds Hkkxus l s dgha l c

vksj HkxnM+ u ep t k; sA og vki vkxs c<+k] Hkkxrs gq, l Sfudksa us t ks t xg [ kkyh dh

Fkh] ogk¡ i j i gq¡p dj ml us c<+s vk jgs cq/ w'kkg dh l suk dks jksdkA bl dh rhjankt h vkSj

bl ds fl i kfg; ksa dh ohjrk us cq/ w'kkg dh c<+rh gqbZ VqdM+h ds rhj vkSj cUnwdsa jksd nha

vkSj ryokjksa l s gkFkksa gkFk yM+kbZ gksus yxhA i hj ds eqjhn cM+h ohjrk l s yM+s vkSj t w>sA

?kksj xqRFkexqRFkk gks x; kA nksuksa vksj l s vR; Ur ohjrk fn[ kkbZ xbZA fdl h dk Hkh i Sj i hNs

u i M+kA ?kekl ku ; q¼ gks jgk Fkk fd xq: t h us bl vksj : [ k fd; kA ekek di ky t h dks

cq/ w'kkg dh l gk; rk ds fy, Hkst kA ; g vi us l kfFk; ksa l fgr jkt k xksi ky dh l suk i j

rhjksa dh o"kkZ djrk gqvk dqed i j t k i gq¡psA bu rhjksa dh Hkjekj vkSj muds fu'kkus




8383

i j cSBus ds dkj.k xksi ky dh l suk dks i hNs gVus i j foo'k dj fn; k] i j oSl s bl r jg

l s i hNs gVuk ,d nkao Fkk] i j eqjhnksa dks Hkh rhjankt h dk l e; fey x; kA rhjksa dh

nksgjh ekj us xksi ky dh dksbZ Hkh pky u pyus nhA l kfFk; ksa dks fujk' k nsdj xksi ky us

fu'kkuk ck¡/ dj ekek t h i j rhj NksM+k] t ks fu'kkus i j rks cSBk exj yxk muds ?kksM+s

dksA xksi ky us vkxs c<+dj rhj ekjdj i hNs gVuk pkgk] exj ekek t h us i qdkj dj

dgk & rSaus okj fd; k gS vkSj cnyk nsdj t k vkSj ,d rhj ns[ kdj ekjkA xksi ky

dkQh yM+kdk Fkk] ?kksM+s dks pi yk jgk Fkk] vki rks cp x; k] i j ekek t h dk rhj ?kksM+s

ds dkuQwy i j t k yxk vkSj og yM+[ kM+k dj fxj i M+kA xksi ky ' kh?kzrk l s vi us vki dks

l EHkkydj i hNs l suk esa t k ?kql k vkSj ogk¡ i j fVDdj [ kM+k gks x; kA bl l axzke esa cq/

w'kkg dk ,d i q=k 'kghn gks x; k FkkA b/ j t gk¡ i j l axzke Fkk] og LFkku [ kkyh FkhA ekek

t h vkxs c<+s vkSj cq/ w'kkg ds i q=k ds ' ko dks [ kkst dj ys vk; sA ; ksa xksi ky dh l suk dks

gYdk djds i hNs gVkdj ekek t h fQj xq:nso t h ds i kl t k i gq¡ps vkSj l kjh okrkZ t k

l qukbZA

Qrsg'kkg us] t ks fd l kjs l axzke dk i zcU/ d Fkk] LFkku LFkku i j t kdj vi uh

l suk ds t es gq, i Sj ns[ ks fd vkxs ugha c<+ jgs gSa] cfYd i hNs i M+ jgs gSa] rc ml us g; kr

[ kka vkfn i Bku l jnkjksa dks l ans'k Hkst k fd rqe cgqr <haxs gkad jgs Fks vkSj geus ywV

dk eky ekQ djus dk ok; nk fd; k gS] fQj vc D; k gks x; k gS vkxs D; ksa ugha c<+rsA

; g l qudj gS; kr [ kka vkSj fut kcr[ kka vkfn us vi uh VqdfM+; ksa dks l ¡Hkkydj /

kok cksy fn; k vkSj cM+h rst h l s rhj cjl kus ' kq: dj fn; sA nksuksa i {kksa dh l suk vkeus

l keus gqbZ vkSj ,d nwl js dks yydkjus yxs] / M+k/ M+ ; ks¼k / jrh i j fxjus yxsA mUgksaus

fl D[ k l sukvksa dh ; g n'kk dh] exj m/ j l s Hkh rhjksa dh ,sl h Hkjekj gqbZ fd vusdksa

[ k+ku / jrh i j ysV x; sA gS; kr [ kk¡ cM+s t ksj l s yydkjrk] nkao cpkrk] rhj pykrk vkSj

l kjk t ksj yxkrkA ; g ns[ kdj mnkl h l ar di ky t h xqLl s esa vkdj xq:nso l s i wNus yxs

& l kgc t h! gS; kr [ kk¡ cM+k cy yxk jgk gS] bl ds rhj Hk; i Snk dj jgs gSa ; fn vki

dh vkKk gks rks ued gjkfe; ksa dks n.M fn; k t k; sA l kgc t h us eqLdqjkdj i wNk]

rqEgkjs i kl rks dksbZ ' kL=k ugha gS] dSl s ekjksxs*\ rc l ar us fou; dhA esjs i kl ; g /




8484

ku i hVus okyk l ksVk (dqrdk) gSA ; fn vki dh eq> i j di k gqbZ rks ; gh esjs fy, ' kL=k

dk dke djsxkA bl i j xq:nso eqLdqjk,a vkSj da/ k Fki Fki k; k vkSj Lohdfr i znku dhA

rHkh l k/ q us vi us ?kksM+s dks ,M+ yxkbZ vkSj gok dh Hkkafr mM+rk gqvk gS; kr [ kka

ds i kl t k [ kM+k gqvk vkSj yydkj dj cksyk & vk t k] ; fn rq> esa ohjrk gS rks vk

eq>l s yM+A i hB u eksM+] l Eeq[ k gksdj nks gkFk ns[ k ysaA egar di ky t h dh yydkj

l qudj gS; kr [ kka us mudh g¡l h mM+kbZ fdUrq ryokj ysdj l Eeq[ k gqvkA

; g ut kjk ns[ kdj gj vksj l s rhj vkSj ryokjsa [ kM+h gks xbZ vkSj pfdr gksdj

ns[ kus yxs fd gS; kr [ kka t Sl s ' kwjohj ds l kFk yM+us ds fy, dqrds okyk dkSu vk; k gSA

brus esa gS; kr [ kka ,d nkao ns[ kdj ckt dh Qqjrh l s ?kksM+s dks upkdj l k/ q i j t k

>i Vk vkSj fct yh dh Hkkafr ryokj dk okj fd; k] i j l k/ q us dqrds dks <ky ds LFkku

i j bl r jg l s ryokj ds vkxs fd; k fd ml i j okj >sy fy; k x; kA ryokj VwVdj

fxj i M+h vkSj gS; kr [ kka vi us vki dks l aHkkyus dh fpUrk esa i M+ x; kA rc l k/ q us cM+h

Qqjrh l s dke fd; kA nksuksa jdkcksa esa l Urqyu cukdj [ kM+k gks x; k vkSj vi uk dqrdk

?kqekdj cM+s osx l s gS; kr ds fl j i j ns ekjkA og bl t ksj l s t kdj yxk fd gS; kr [ kka

dk fl j QwV x; kA bl l e; dk gky xq: l kgc t h us Lo; ¡ ; ksa fy[ kk gSA egar di ky

t h us vi uk l ksVk gS; kr [ kka ds fl j i j bl i zdkj cyi woZd ekjk fd ml dk fl j QV

x; k t Sl s dkUgk xksfi ; kas dk ?kM+k QksM+k djrs FksA fl j VqdM+s gks t kus l s gS; kr [ kka ?kksM+s l s

myVdj t ehu i j fxj i M+k vkSj ?kksM+k mBdj Hkkxk rFkk vU; i Bku nkSM+dj l k/ q dks

?ksjus yxsA b/ j t hrey us l okjksa l fgr vkxs c<+dj l k/ q dks vi us ?ksjs esa ysdj cpk

fy; kA

bl l e; t +ksj dh yM+kbZ gks jgh Fkh fd gS; kr [ kka ekjk x; kA bl dh ekSr l s

i Bkuksa ds NDds NwV t krs] i j Hkh[ ke [ kk¡ us l e; dks l aHkkyk vkSj ?kcjkgV ds dkj.k

fgyh gqbZ l suk dks t kdj pqukSrh nh fd ' kwjohj cuks] gkj [ kkdj D; k ; gh dgksxs fd

l k/ qvksa vkSj uhps t kfr ds yksxksa l s i Bku gkj x; s \ vkvks] vkxs c<+ks] eSa rks [ kM+k gw¡]

eq>s vkt vo' ; gh fot ; i zkIr djuh gSA bl i zdkj dh pqukSrh Hkjh ckrsa l qudj gkjs

gq, i Bku l ko/ ku gks x; sA Hkh[ ke [ kk¡ vkxs c<+k vkSj ml ds l kFk gh c<+k fut kor [ kk¡A




8585

m/ j l s gS; kr [ kka dh eR; q dks ns[ kdj Qrsg'kkg us vi uh l suk dks vkxs c<+k; kA vc

fQj ' k=kq dh l suk dk cgqr t ksj gks x; kA gjhpUnz gaMwfj; k cM+s Øks/ esa vk; kA ;g vi us

l e; dk i zfl ¼ rhjankt FkkA ml ds rhjksa l s xq:nso dh l suk dk dkQh uqdl ku gqvk]

ft l l s xq: dh l suk esa gypy ep xbZA xq: l kgc us t c ; g ns[ kk fd l kgcpUn t ks

fd ,d vksj l s cM+s gB ds l kFk t e jgk gS vkSj cM+s cy ds l kFk ; q¼ dj jgk gS i j

vc ml dk o'k ugha py jgk] rc mUgksaus uUn pUn dks dqed ds fy, Hkst k vkSj l kFk

gh n; kjke vi uk rqeqy cM+s pys vk jgs fut kcr* dks jksdus ds fy, ys x; kA bUgksaus

vkSj buds t RFks us ,sl s ck.k ekjs fd c<+s pys vk jgs vusdksa l Sfud fxj x; sA

uUn pUn vkSj n; kjke ds c<+rs pys vkus i j vi uh l suk esa mRl kg c<+ x; k

vkSj fQj l kjs t edj yM+us yxsA uUn pUn us vc / kok cksydj ,d i Bku i j cjNh

pykbZ vkSj ml s ml esa fi jksdj fxjk fy; k] fQj ,d vkSj cjNh pykbZ] i j og ?kksM+s dks

yxh vkSj og ogha i j gh jghA uUn pUn us vc ryokj l EHkkyh] l Eeq[ k gksdj yM+k

vkSj i hNs u gVkA

bl dksi Hkjh yM+kbZ dks yM+rs l e; nks i Bkuksa dks ekjdj] rhl js ds l kFk yM+rs

gq, bl dh ryokj Hkh VwV xbZA 'kh?kzrk l s bl us Nkrh ds l kFk l s t e/ j fudkyk vkSj

ml s ekj fy; kA bl ds gB us ,d rgydk epk fn; kA vc bl dks ?ksjs esa vk t kus vFkok

rhj dk fu'kkuk cu t kus esa dksbZ nsj ugha Fkh fd n; kjke vkxs c<+dj bl ds i kl t k

i gq¡pkA b/ j l s xq:nso us vi us ekek di kypUn t h dks] t ks fd ' kwjohjksa dks ' kku l s Hkj

jgs Fks] l gk; rk ds fy, Hkst fn; k] ft l us vkxs c<+dj ?kekl ku ; q¼ ekpk; kA ekek t h

dks dbZ rhj yxs ?kko vk, i j i zHkq us muds i zk.kksa dh j{kk dhA pksV [ kk [ kkdj Hkh

ekek t h i hNs ugha gVs vkxs c<+ c<+dj yM+sA fdrus gh [ kkuksa dks ?kksM+ksa l s uhps fxjk; k

vkSj fdrus gh ekj fn; sA vr% l kgc pUn t ks fd cM+s gB l s bl fBdkus i j t ek gqvk

Fkk] bu dqedksa ds i gq¡p t kus i j t ek jgkA bl r jg bUgksaus cgqr l s i Bkuksa dk o/

fd; k] dsoy ogh fl i kgh cp jgs t ks i hNs gV x; s FksA bl LFkku i j Hkh ; q¼ esa fl D[ kksa

us vi uk i kl k Hkkjh dj fy; kA vusdksa ' k=kqvksa dks ekjkA t ks c<+dj vk; s Fks os vc i hNs

gV x; sA gjhpUn bl vksj l s FkksM+k l k i hNs gVdj Hkh[ ku [ kk¡ dks fVdkdj vkSj gkSl yk




8686

nsdj l axks'kkg dh vksj ' kh?kzrk l s pyk x; kA xq: l kgc us Lo; ¡ ; q¼ ds bl n' ; dk

bl i zdkj o.kZu fd; k gSA

eSnku cgqr yEck FkkA t xg t xg i j ekjks&ekj gks jgh Fkh] Qrsg'kkg ml i kj

l s b/ j dks vk x; k Fkk] i j yM+ jgh VqdfM+; ksa ds i hNs [ kM+k FkkA grk'k gksdj Hkkxus

okyksa dks nksckjk vkxs Hkst rk] dqedsa Hkst rk vkSj ; q¼ dks l Hkh vksj l s l aHkkyrk FkkA

ft l fBdkus i j l axks'kkg yM+ jgk Fkk] vc m/ j t ksj c<+ jgk FkkA ft l vksj cq/ w'kkg

Fkk] ml vksj Hkh ; q¼ t kjh Fkk vkSj i hj t h dk ,d vkSj i q=k Hkh ' kghn gks pqdk FkkA

i j i hj us l kgl ugha [ kks; k Fkk vkSj mudh VqdM+h ml vksj eSnku esa MVdj ; q¼ dj

jgh FkhA

bl ; q¼ esa dqN ,sl h ?kVuk,a ?kVha t ks fd i Bkuksa vkSj jkt kvksa dks pfdr djus

okyh FkhaA os yksx t ks dHkh t ax esa ugha x; s Fks] mUgksaus Hkh ohjrk fn[ kkbZA xq: t h ds

ohjrk Hkjs t ks'k dk ;g i zHkko Fkk fd n; kjke czkã.k ' kwjohj cu x; k FkkA [ kSj] ; g rks

'kL=k fo| k esa fui q.k gks pqdk FkkA pjokgs rd Hkh ; q¼ djus esa vxqvk cu x; s FksA ,d

l k/ q us mBdj eq[ ; i Bku l jnkj dks ekj fy; k FkkA ykypUn uked ,d gyokbZ dk

ft dj vk; k gS t ks ; q¼ dk jax ns[ kdj eSnku esa dwn i M+k FkkA bl us vehj [ kk¡ uked

,d i Bku dks t kdj pqukSrh nh vkSj gkFkksa gkFk yM+kbZ djds ml s ekj fy; k FkkA

gjhpUn] ut kcr vkfn i Bkuksa dks ,d fBdkus i j [ kM+k djds l axks'kkg dh vksj

t k >i VkA bl s ; g fn[ k jgk Fkk fd ; fn bl vksj t ksj i M+ x; k rks fu'p; gh gekjh

gkj gks t k; sxhA l axks'kkg ; gk¡ i j cM+s t ksj dk ; q¼ dj jgk Fkk vkSj ' k=kqvksa dks ekj jgk

FkkA jkt k xksi ky vHkh rd ' kwjohjrk l s t ek [ kM+k FkkA ; g gky ns[ kdj gh gjhpUn bl

vksj yi dk FkkA m/ j l s e/ qdj' kkg pUnsy Hkh b/ j dks gh vk yi dk FkkA gjhpUn us

vkdj cM+h ohjrk l s rhj pyk, ] ft l s os rhj yxs] ogha ej x; kA bl us xq:nso dh l suk

ds vusdksa ohj grkgr fd; sA rc b/ j l s t hrey t h gjhpUn dks c<+rs gq, ns[ kdj

ml l s t w> i M+s vkSj vkeus l keus nkao&?kko vkSj okj gksus yxsA vc Qrsg'kkg dk l adsr

i kdj ut kcr [ kk¡ Hkh b/ j vk x; k vkSj vkrs gh l axks'kkg ds l kFk VDdj ysus yxkA

t hrey us gjhpUn dks rhj ekjk] i j og rRdky gh ?kksM+s dk i Sar jk cnydj




8787

cp x; kA fQj nkao&?kko yxkrs gq, ] pyrs Vkyrs gq, nksuksa ds rhj pys] nksuksa ds ?kksM+ksa

dks yxs vkSj nksuksa fxj i M+s] fQj l ¡HkysA fQj rhj pys] nksuksa ?kk; y gq, ] i j FkksM+s] fQj

nksuksa ds rhj pys] gjhpUn dk rhj , sl k l [ r yxk fd t hrey t h dk vUr gks x; k]

i j gjhpUn dks ,sl s LFkku i j yxk fd og ewfPNZr gksdj fxjk vkSj ml ds l kFkh ml s

mBkdj ys x; sA b/ j xq:nso ds ; ks¼k t hrey t h ds ' ko dks mBkdj xq:nso ds i kl

ys vk; s] ft l dh ' kwjohjrk dks xq:nso us cgqr gh l jkgk vkSj vk'khokZn fn; kA

m/ j t c gjhpUn dks ewfPNZr n'kk esa mBkdj ys x; s rks ml s ns[ kdj Qrsg'kkg

cgqr nq[ kh gqvkA cgqr l s ' kL=k/ kjh yksxksa us bl s pkjksa vksj l s ?ksj fy; kA HkhepUn Hkh ; gha

dgha Fkk fd xq:nso ds ,d xksy vankt jkefl ag us ,d rksi pykbZ] t ks fd ml us ,d

fo'ks"k dykdfr }kjk rS; kj dh Fkh ft l dk ckgjh [ kksy ydM+h dk Fkk vkSj Hkhr jh Hkkx

,d fo'ks"k / krq dk }kjk cuk; k x; k Fkk t ks ckj ckj i z; ksx djus i j xeZ ugha gksrh FkhA

ml ds xksys l s dqN yksx grkgr gq, vkSj ckdh ds Hk; ds dkj.k Hkkx x; sA rksi ds

i z; ksx l s ; q¼ dk t Ynh gh i kl k i yV x; kA Qrsg'kkg Hkh i hNs gV x; k vkSj unh l s

i kj gksdj ?kksM+s i j p<+dj Hkkx x; kA bl s ; q¼ Hkwfe l s Hkkxrs gq, ns[ kdj e/ qdj ' kkg

M<+okfy; k vkSj t l okfy; k Hkh vi uh l suk ysdj Hkkx x; sA bl l e; dk gky xq:nso

us vi uh dkO; jpuk fofp=k ukVd esa fy[ kk gSA

; s rks dk; j cudj Hkkx x; s] i j gjhpUn ft l dks vc gks'k vk x; k FkkA og

vkSj x+kt hpUn pUnsy ; s ugha Hkkxs Fks cfYd ' kwjohjrk l s ejuk gh l Qy l e> dj vM+

x; sA m/ j i Bku Hkh u Hkkxs] os Hkh j.kHkwfe esa vM+dj [ kM+s jgsA vc bUgksaus bDV~Bs

feydj ,d vkØe.k fd; kA b/ j l s n; kjke] uUn pUn] xqykcjk; ] xaxkjke vkfn

; ks¼k vc c<+s gq, gkSl ys ds l kFk [ kwc yM+s vkSj ?kekl ku ; q¼ gqvkA x+kt hpUn pUnsy

brus Øks/ esa Fkk fd vkxs vkxs c<+rk x; kA bl ds gkFk esa l syk Fkk] ft l l s bl us vusdksa

'kwjohjksa dks fi jks; k vkSj mUgsa ?kk; y djds i NkM+ fn; kA bl r jg c<+rs c<+rs ; g l axks'kkg

i j vk >i Vk] i j ml 'kwjohj ds vkxs bl dk dksbZ o'k u pyk] VqdM+s gksdj / jk i j

vk fxjk vkSj vi us Lokeh / eZ dks i wjk dj x; kA x+kt hpUn dh eR; q us ut kcr[ kka ds

eu esa vR; Ur Øks/ Hkj fn; kA ; g FkksM+s l s i Bkuksa dks ysdj rst h l s vkxs c<+k vkSj




8888

l h/ k l axks'kkg i j] t ks xq: t h dh vkKkuql kj vkt ds ; q¼ dk l suki fr Fkk] t kdj

>i VkA ut kcr [ kka vkSj l axks'kkg xq:nso ds i kl fdl h l e; bDV~Bs jgrs Fks] ,d nwl js

dks i gpkurs Fks] bDV~Bs gh dl jrsa fd; k djrs FksA nksuksa [ kwc yM+sA bruh ohjrk l s ; q¼

gqvk fd nksuksa ds fy, okg okg gks xbZA vUr esa ut kcr [ kk¡ dk ' kL=k fBdkus i j t k

yxk] l axks t h ds l [ r pksV vkbZ] i j os brus t ks'k esa Fks fd cnys dk okj fd; k vkSj

ut kcr [ kk¡ ekjk x; k vkSj m/ j l axks'kkg Hkh fxjk vkSj ohjxfr dks i zkIr gqvkA l axks'kkg

vkt ft l ohjrk l s yM+k Fkk] Qrsg dk dkQh Hkkx ml dh nwjnf' kZrk vkSj fQj vpwd

ohjrk dk Qy FkkA ml i j i zl Uu gksdj xq: l kgc us ml s ' kkg l axzke* dk uke i znku

fd; k FkkA

'kkg l axzke dh eR; q ds i ' pkr~ vc ; q¼ dk usrÙo l kjk xq: l kgc us Lo; ¡

l ¡Hkky fy; k vkSj rhj deku ysdj vkxs c<+sA m/ j l s l axks'kkg ds ekjs t kus ds dkj.k

i Bkuksa dk gkSl yk c<+k vkSj ut kcr dh ekSr ds dkj.k xqLl k Hkh c<+kA os vkxs c<+s vk

jgs FksA ?kkV l s vHkh nwjh i j gh Fks fd Åi j ds eSnku dh] bl ; q¼ Hkwfe dh c<+h gqbZ

,d uqDdM+ i j t kdj xq:nso us rhj pyk; k] t ks vkxs c<+s gq, ,d i Bku l suki fr dks

t kdj yxk vkSj og ej x; kA fQj nwl jk rhj l EHkkydj vki us l h/ ck¡/ h vkSj Hkh[ ku

[ kk¡ ds eq¡g dks rkd dj ekjkA ; g rhj [ kk¡ dks ?kk; y djds ml ds ?kksM+s dks t k yxkA

?kksM+k fxj i M+k vkSj [ kk¡ i hNs dks Hkkx x; kA rhl jk rhj fQj pyk] bl l s Hkh ,d vkSj fxj

i M+k vkSj ?kksM+k Hkh fxj i M+k] brus esa gjhpUn dh csgks'kh VwV xbZ FkhA ml s dksbZ l [ r ?kko

ugha yxk Fkk] fl j esa / ed ds dkj.k csgks'k gks x; k Fkk] i j oSl s ?kk; y FkkA t c ml s

gks'k vk; k rks ml us ns[ kk fd bl vksj gkj gks jgh gS] Qrsg'kkg pyk x; k gS] dyg dk

ewy HkhepUn fcYdqy gh vkxs ugha vkrk] nwl js jkt k i hNs i Sj j[ k jgs gSa] nks rhu i Bku

l jnkj ekjs x; s gSa vkSj Hkh[ ke [ kk¡ ?kk; y gksdj Hkkx dj vk x; k gS] rc bl s ' kwjohjrk

okyk Øks/ vk; k vkSj vi us l okjksa dks ysdj vkxs c<+kA bl us rhjksa dh bruh o"kkZ dh

fd ft l s Hkh bl dk rhj yxk og ugha cp l dkA bl us ,d ckj nks nks ck.k dl &dl

dj ekjsA ' kwjohj dks yxrs vFkok ?kksM+s dks] ft l s Hkh yxrs] ml ds ' kjhj l s i kj gks t krsA

bl yM+kbZ esa nksuksa vksj l s fQj t edj ; q¼ gks jgk FkkA ; ksa ekjrk gqvk vkSj c<+rk gqvk




8989

gjhpUn vc ml LFkku i j vk x; k t gk¡ i j l s ml dk rhj xq:nso dks yx l drk] vr%

ml us fu'kkuk ck¡/ dj rhj ekjk] ; g xq:nso ds ?kksM+s dks t kdj yxkA ml dk nwl jk rhj

vk; k] i j i zHkq dh n; k l s xq:nso ds dku dks Nwdj fudy x; k] mUgsa yxk ughaA vc

QqrhZys gjhpUn us rhl jk ck.k rudj vkSj fu' kkuk ck¡/ dj ekjkA ; g i sVh esa t k pqHkk]

ml ds vUnj l s ' kjhj dks t k Nqvk] i j ml dh uksd gh FkksM+h l h pqHkh] cM+k ?kko ugha

yxkA gjhpUn dks t hou esa vkt i gyh ckj vi uh rhjankt h i j xqLl k v; k fd ml us

rhu vpwd rhj ekjs] i j xq:nso ds nkao cpkus dh pi yrk fdl deky dh gS fd cky

cky cp x, gSaA xq:nso fy[ krs gSa fd t c mUgsa rhl jk ck.k vkdj yxk rc mudk

xqLl k Hkh t xkA ' k=kq ds rhu okj >syuk cM+h fo'kky ân; rk dh ohjrk gSA vc vki us

Hkh dl dl dj rhj ekjsA bl l e; ' kwjohj vkxs c<+s vkSj bDV~Bs gksdj ck.kksa dh o"kkZ

dhA fQj l h/ ck¡/ dj vki us ,d rhj ekjk] t ks gjhpUn dks t k dj yxk vkSj og

t oku ekjk x; kA gjhpUn dh eR; q dks ns[ kdj ml ds l kFkh vkSj 'ks"k [ k+ku vkfn l Hkh

mBdj HkkxsA dksV ysgj dk jkt k Hkh ekjk x; k vkSj xq:nso dh Qrsg gks xbZA

vc HkxnM+ ep xbZ] l kjs jkt i wr ] i Bku] xk¡oksa ds vghj] xwt j vkSj i zt k ds

yksx t ks ywV ds fopkj l s dkQh l ¡[ ; k esa vk; s gq, Fks] l Hkh Hkkxs t k jgs gSaA fdf' r ; ksa

i j l okj gksdj] unh dks i kj djds] ydfM+; k¡ unh ds chp Mky Mky dj ml dk vkJ;

ys ysdj] eVdksa i j rSj dj] rqygksa ds vkJ; ys ysdj] unh ds i kj t k jgs gSaA fl D[ k

l suk vc [ kq'kh l s meM+ dj mudk i hNk djus ds fy, mBh fd mudh jkt / kuh rd

ekj dh t k, ] i j xq:nso us i hNk djus okyksa dks okfi l cqyok fy; kA

vc l cl s i gyk dke l axks'kkg] t hrey rFkk nwl js ' kghn gq, ; ks¼kvksa dh

vUR; sf"V djus dk FkkA cq/ w'kkg ds i q=kksa dks nQukuk Fkk vkSj ' ks"k l Hkh ' kghnksa dh

vUR; sf"V djuh FkhA vr% xq: dh vkKk ds vUrxZr vki ds di kyq uSuksa ds l keus vkSj

vki ds vk'khokZn l s ; g l kjk dk;Z fd; k x; kA ; s l kjs dk; Z djokdj xq:nso vi uh

fot ; h l suk vkSj i hj cq/ w'kkg rFkk vi us ' kwjohjksa l fgr i kÅ¡Vk vk x; s] l Hkh ?kk; yksa dks

Hkh yk; k x; k vkSj muds bykt ' kq: fd; s x; sA




9090

i kÅ¡Vk esa ,d fnu foJke djds fQj nhoku l t kA bl esa xq:nso us vi us mPp

vkn'kZ dk] ' k=kq dh l suk dk] vdkj.k VwVdj vkØe.k djus dk vkSj vkxs l s ' kj.k u

ysus dh ohjrk dk C; kSjk vkfn crkdj ohj jl vkSj ' kkUr jl dk l Eesyu l e>k; kA

vUr jkRek esa T; ksfr ds l kFk ,d T; ksfr gksdj mPp jgdj LoPN vkpj.k esa ohj jl

dk O; ogkj crk; kA fQj muds fy, vk'khokZn fn; s x; s] t ks ' kghn gq, FksA i gys vkl k

dh okj dk dhrZu gqvk] fQj xq: ok.kh ds i kB dh l ekfIr gqbZ vkSj i zl kn ck¡Vk x; kA

vc t ks ' kwjohj ohjrk fn[ kkdj t hfor cpdj vk x; s Fks mu i j vuqdEi k gqbZ]

fl jksi ko fn; s x; sA l suk ds l Hkh ' kwjohjksa dks / u dk nku fn; k x; kA cqvk t h ds rhu

i q=kksa i j] t ks t hfor cp jgs Fks vkSj cgqr ohjrk l s yM+s Fks] vuqdEi k gqbZA nks HkkbZ t ks

fd ' kghn gks x; s Fks mUgsa ojnku vkSj ' kkg l axzke* vkfn uke i znku fd; s x; sA

i kÅ¡Vk esa gh cM+s l kgct kns dk t Ue gqvk FkkA ml dh mez bl l e; pkj&i k¡p

eghus dh FkhA vkt ds nhoku esa mudk uke ; q¼ dh Qrsg i j vt hr fl a?k j[ kk x; kA

rhl js i gj xq:nso t h Luku djds rS; kj gks jgs Fks fd cq/ w'kg us vkdj fonk

ek¡xhA cq/ w'kkg i j cgqr vkè; kfRed di k gqbZ Fkh] muds l kfFk; ksa] eqjhnksa dks feBkbZ ds

fy, i k¡p gt kj : i ; s fn; s x; sA bl l e; vki da?kk dj jgs Fks fd cq/ w'kkg us ; g nku

ek¡x fy; kA rc l rxq: t h us ; g nku ddjst +h nLrkj l fgr ns fn; kA ,d i ks'kkd] ,d

gqDeukek Hkh i znku fd; k x; kA fQj xq: l kgc l kjs ohj cgknqjksa dh l EHkky djds egar

di ky i j i zl Uu gq,A vki us dsl jh j¡x dh nwl jh nLrkj fl j i j ck¡/ us ds fy, eaxokbZ

vkSj ml esa l s vk/ h egar di ky t h dks ns nhA egar t h us ml s vi uh i xM+h ds Åi j

l t k fy; kA bl i zdkj n; kjke dks ,d <ky i znku dhA

'kwjohjksa esa vc pko Hkj x; k FkkA fot ; i zkIr gksus ds dkj.k l kgl c<+ x; k FkkA

vr% os Qrsg'kkg ds {ks=k i j dCt k djuk pkgrs Fks] fdUrq xq:nso us mudk ekxZn'kZu

fd; k vkSj dgk fd gekjk y{; dksbZ jkT; LFkkfi r djuk ugha gS] dsoy ekuo vf/

dkjksa dh j{kk djuk gS vkSj nq"Vksa dk uk'k djuk gekjk l oZi zFke dÙkZO; gSA rc Hkh ge

fdl h i j vkØe.kdkjh ugha gksrsA




9191

i kÅ¡Vk l kgc l s vkuUni qj i zLFkku

Hkaxk.kh ds ; q¼ esa fot ; h gksus ds i ' pkr~ xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h us okfi l

vkuUni qj ds fy, i zokl dh rS; kfj; ka djus yxsA ukgu ujs' k us xq:nso dks jksduk pkgk

fdUrq os ugha :dsA mUgsa ,sl k i zrhr gqvk fd ; fn os vkSj vf/ d l e; i kÅaVk esa jgsaxs]

rks vkuUni qj dk uxj mt M+ t k; sxkA ; g l p Hkh FkkA vr% 'kh?kz gh xq:nso l i fjokj

i kÅ¡Vk l s py fn; sA okLro esa xq:nso ds vkuUni qj l s i kÅ¡Vk vk t kus i j ogk¡ dh

jkSud i wjh t krh jgh FkhA

j k; i qj d h j kuh

vkuUni qj t krs gq, vki jkLrs esa dbZ je.khd LFkkuksa i j i M+ko djrs gq, vkxs

c<+ jgs FksA t c vki jk; i qj dh t xhj esa i gq¡ps rks ogk¡ dk t xhjnkj Hk; ds dkj.k Hkkx

x; kA ml s Hk; Fkk fd HkhepUn dh l gk; rk dh voKk esa dgha xq:nso i zfr ' kks/ u ysA

i jUrq ml dh jkuh cgqr foosd'khy FkhA ml us xq:nso dh cgqr efgek l qu j[ kh Fkh fd

og cgqr mnkjfpr gSaA vr% ml us xq:nso dh di k ds i k=k cuus ds fy, ,d ; kst uk

cukbZA t Sl s gh xq:nso ds vU; ; ks¼k ogk¡ l s xqt jus yxsA og Qwyekyk,a ysdj Lokxr

ds fy, mi fLFkr gqbZ vkSj fourh djus yxh fd vkt vki gekjs ; gk¡ foJke djsa vkSj

ml us vi us ckx esa xq:nso dks Bgjk; k vkSj l Hkh l Sfudksa ds fy, Hkkst u dh O; oLFkk

dhA xq:nso dks ,d fo'ks"k d{k esa Hkkst u djk; k x; kA Hkkst u ds mi jkUr vi us csVs dks

t ks vHkh yxHkx nl o"kZ dh vk; q dk Fkk] xq: pj.kksa esa ureLrd gksdj i z.kke djus

dks dgk vkSj l kFk esa : i ; ksa dh ,d FkSyh Hkh HksaV dhA xq:nso i zl Uu gq, vkSj csVs dks

vk'kh"k nh vkSj xq: ?kj dh di k ds i k=k rqe rHkh cu l drh gks t c gekjs vkns'kksa dk

i kyu djksxsA bl i j jkuh us gkFk t ksM+ dj i zkFkZuk dh fd vki gqDe rks dhft ,A

xq:nso us dgk & yM+ds dks ds'k/ kjh cukvks] ' kL=k fo| k fl [ kkvks vkSj rEckdw dk

i z; ksx ugha djuk gksxkA jkuh nqfo/ k esa i M+ xbZA og dgus yxh fd ds'k / kj.k djus

dfBu gSa D; ksafd eqxyksa dk l kezkT; gS] dgha og gekjs ' k=kq gh u cu t k,A xq:nso us




9292

ml s l kaRouk nh vkSj dgk & vki fdl h ckr dh fpUrk u djsaA ; g vR; kpkjh ' kkl d

ugha jgsaxsA ; gh i zdfr dk fu;e gS vkSj t Ynh gh gekjs [ kkyl s dk bl {ks=k i j cksyckyk

gksxkA oSl k gh gqvk] xq:nso ds nsgkUr ds i ' pkr cUnk cgknqj us bl {ks=k i j dCt k dj

fy; k FkkA xq:nso us jkuh dks 'kL=k fn; s t ks jkuh us xq: i zl kn ds : i esa Lohdkj dj fy,

vkSj mudh i zfr fnu l sok djus yxhA t c dHkh ml s dksbZ dfBukbZ gksrh rks ' kL=kksa dks

i z.kke dj xq: pj.kksa esa vkjk/ uk dj ysrh] ft l l s ml dh l eL; kvksa dk l ek/ ku gks

t krkA

ukMw ' kkg

xq:nso i M+ko djrs gq, vi uh eaft y dh vksj c<+ jgs Fks fd jkLrs esa ?kX?kj unh

i kj djuh FkhA vki us ?kX?kj unh ds bl i kj vi uk f' kfoj yxk fn; k vkSj vxyh

i zkr%dky vkxs t kus dk dk; ZØe cuk; kA ogha ukMw 'kkg ds [ ksr Fks] og J¼ko'k

xq:nso l s i zkFkZuk djus yxk fd esjs / U; HkkX; gSa t ks vki l gt esa gh esjs xjhc ds ; gk¡

i / kjs gSaA ml us vi us xg l s xq:nso dh Hkkst u O; oLFkk dh vkSj cgqr i zse l s Vgy&l sok

dhA xq:nso ml dh l sok l s i zl Uu gq, vkSj ojnku fn; k fd l e; vk; sxk t c rsjs uke

l s ; g LFkku i zfl f¼ i zkIr djsxk vkSj ; gk¡ fnu jkr Hk.Mkjs pyrs jgsaxsA

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •




9393

r r h; vè; k;

vkuUni qj esa i zos' k

i kÅ¡Vk l kgc l s i zLFkku djus ds i ' pkr~ xq:nso / hjs / hjs vi us dkfQys ds l kFk

vDrwcj] 1687 dks vkuUni qj i zos'k dj x; sA ogk¡ vkuUnx<+ ds l Sfudksa us rFkk ogk¡

dh LFkkuh; l axr us vki dh vxokbZ dh vkSj HkO; Lokxr ds fy, l ekjksg dk

vk; kst u fd; kA xq:nso yxHkx rhu o"kZ i ' pkr~ vi uh uxjh vkuUni qj i qu% i / kjs FksA

bl vUrjky esa ; gk¡ dh jkSud l ekIr l h gks xbZ FkhA l Ùkk/ kfj; ksa dss Hk; l s dbZ i fjokj

vkuUni qj R; kxdj pys x; s FksA ,sl k i zrhr gksrk Fkk fd i oZrh; ujs' kksa us t ul k/ kj.k

dks Mjk; k / edk;k gksA

xq:nso ds okfi l vk t kus i j vkuUni qj esa ,d ckj fQj pgy&i gy gks xbZA

u; s u; s Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k i zkjEHk gks x; kA xq:nso dks vkHkkl gks x; k Fkk fd vkxkeh

; q¼ksa ds fy, j.k{ks=k vkuUni qj dk LFkku gh cusxkA vr% vki us nh?kZxkeh ; kst uk,a

cukbZ ft l ds vUrxZr vkuUni qj uxj dks l qjf{kr j[ kus ds fy, vkØe.kdkfj; ksa dh

jksdFkke jkLrs esa gh gks] os vkuUni qj uxj esa u i gq¡p i k; sa] dqN u; s nqxZ cukus dk

dk; ZØe cuk; kA

i kÅ¡Vk l kgc dh fot ; l s xq:nso ds l sodksa esa u; k mRl kg Hkj x; kA os i zR; sd

{k.k ; q¼ vH; kl esa xqt kjus yxsA fot ; ds l ekpkj us pkjksa vksj g"kZ mYykl dk

okrkoj.k mRi Uu dj fn; kA vc nwj nwj l s fl [ k l axr vi us ; qok csVksa dks xq: dh l suk

esa HkrhZ gksus ds fy, Hkst us yxhA bl i zdkj xq:nso ds i kl cgqr cM+h l a[ ; k ' kwjohjksa dh

gks xbZA l a[ ; k dh nf"V l s t Sl s gh l Sfud vf/ d gq, xq:nso us muds fy, vPNs ' kL=k]

Hkkst u] di M+k vkSj fuokl i j è; ku dsfUnzr fd; kA vki us vi uh ubZ l suk dk i quxZBu

fd; k ft l ds vUrxZr N% ny cuk; s vkSj muds fy, vyx vyx Nkofu; ka rS; kj

djokbZA ckn esa bUgha Nkofu; ksa dks nqxZ dk : i ns fn; k ft l l s l suk vkSj ' kL=k&vL=k




9494

l nSo l qjf{kr j[ ks t k l dsA N% nqxksZ ds uke Øe'k% bl i zdkj gSa & fujeksg x<+]

gkSyx<+] yksgx<+] Qrsgx<+] dsl x<+ vkSj vkuUn x<+A vki Lo; ¡ vkuUnx<+ esa fuokl

j[ kus yxs D; ksafd vkuUnx<+ l cl s vf/ d l qjf{kr vkSj dsUnz esa FkkA vkuUni qj esa ' kL=k

fuekZ.k dk dk; Z i gys l s gh py jgk Fkk] ft l s xq:nso us rhoz xfr l s djus dk vkns'k

fn; kA bl dk; Z ds fy, nwj nwj l s dkjhxj cqyk; s x; s] ft l l s vko' ; drkuql kj

vk/ qfud ' kL=kksa dk fuekZ.k fd; k t k l ds vkSj vkRefuHkZj gks l dsA

HkhepUn us eS=kh d k i zLr ko Hkst k

dfgywj ujs' k HkhepUn vc xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h dh ' kfDr l s HkyhHkkfUri fjfpr gks x; k FkkA og vc l e>us yxk fd xq:nso l s fe=krk djus esa gh ml ds jkT;dk dY;k.k gS] D; ksafd xq:nso fdl h Hkh ckgjh vkØe.k ds l e; ml dh l gk; rk djl drs gSaA ; gh fopkj dj HkhepUn us xq:nso dks eS=kh dk l ans'k vi us ea=kh nsohpUn }kjkvkuUni qj Hkst kA xq:nso ds njckj esa ea=kh dk Lokxr gqvkA xq:nso rks i zdfr l s gh mnkjFksA mUgksaus Li "V dj fn; k fd os dksbZ jkT; dh LFkki uk ugha djuk pkgrsA ; g rks jkt kHkhepUn ds eu dk yksHk] Hk; vkSj bZ"; kZ gh Fkh] t ks ' k=kqrk dk : i / kj.k dj xbZAvU; Fkk xq:nso dh vksj l s rks dHkh Hkh fdl h dks i zFke vk?kkr ugha i gq¡pk; k x; kA vcHkh ; fn HkhepUn 'kkfUr i woZd o fe=krki woZd jgus dk opu nsa rks xq:nso ml ds fo:¼l Hkh vi jk/ {kek dj nsaxsA xq:nso us ea=kh }kjk ujs' k HkhepUn dks l ans'k Hkst k fd l ci oZrh; ujs' k fo/ ehZ vkSjaxt s+c l s D; ksa Mjrs gks\ ml dks gt +kjksa : i ; k dj nsrs gks vkSjml h dks i zl Uu djus ds fy, vki l esa yM+rs jgrs gks\ geus ml h fo/ ehZ ds vU; k;vkSj vR; kpkj ds fo:¼ ryokj mBkus dk dk; ZØe cuk; k gSA vr% i oZrh; ujs' kksa dksi kjLi fjd oSj&fojks/ Hkqykdj l axfBr gksuk pkfg, vkSj t ks dj ds : i esa jkf' kvkSjaxt s+c ds jkT; i kyksa dks nsrs gSa] ml h l s vi us jkT; dh i zxfr djuh pkfg,A xq:nsodh bl l n~i zsj.kk dk cM+k vuqdwy i zHkko HkhepUn i j i M+kA ml us opu fn; k fd ogvc l s eqxyksa dks dj ugha nsxkA vi us i zHkko esa jgus okys vU; ujs' kksa l s Hkh og dj

u nsus dks dgsxkA bl i zdkj jkt k HkhepUn vkSj xq:nso esa erHksn l ekIr gq, vkSj nksuksa

i {kksa esa fe=krk LFkkfi r gks xbZA




9595

gksyk&egyk

i kSjkf.kd dFkk i j vk/ kfjr mRl o gksyh l eLr Hkkjro"kZ dk R; ksgkj gSA xq:nso

ds l e; esa bl R; ksgkj dks eukus esa cgqr l h fodfr ; k¡ vk xbZ Fkh] ft l dkj.k xq:nso

cgqr f[ kUu gq,A mUgksaus ml l e; fu.kZ; fy; k fd bl R; ksgkj dks e; kZfnr djds u; k

Lo: i fn; k t k; s vkSj bl dh eyhurk l ekIr djds uo; qodksa dks 'kkS; Z] ohjrk n'kkZus

dk ,d 'kqHk vol j mi yC/ djk; k t k,A vki us vi us t okuksa dks nks nyksa esa foHkkft r

fd; k vkSj mudks ,d y{; fn; k vkSj dgk fot ; h i {k dks i qjLdr fd; k t k; sxkA bl

df=ke ; q¼ ds fy, uxkjs ct kdj ; ks¼kvksa dks ,d fo'ks"k ( i oZr dh pksVh) i j

vkØe.k djuk Fkk vkSj i zfrLi / kZ esa i zfr }U}h i {k dks i jkLr dj fot ; dh ?kks"k.kk

djuh FkhA ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA xq:nso us Lo; ¡ l eLr ; q¼ dk fujh{k.k fd; k vkSj

fot ; h ny dks i qjLdkjksa l s l Eekfur fd; kA bl l eLr [ ksy dks vki us gksyk&egyk

dk uke fn; kA ft l dk rkRi ; Z Fkk fd geyk djuk vkSj egyk dk vFkZ gS y{; i j

fot ; i zkIr djuhA

xq:nso us ; g ubZ jhfr vi us ; ks¼kvksa esa ohj jl Hkjus vkSj mudks vL=k&'kL=k

fo| k esa fui q.k djus gsrq pykbZ ft l l s t oku l e; vkus i j j.kuhfr esa l nSo l Qy gksaA

; g i jEi jk ml l e; l s vkt rd T; ksa dh R; ksa vkuUni qj esa pyh vk jgh gSA

Bkd qj d k i zd ksi

vEckyk uxj ds fudV jk; i qj {ks=k esa ,d l e} nkEi fr l ksgu vkSj eksfguh

jgrs Fks yEcs l e; ds i ' pkr Hkh bu dks l Urku l q[ k i zkIr ugh gqvkA vr% ; g vi us

dks O; Lr j[ kus ds fy, vf/ dka'k l e; Bkdqj t h dks mi kl uk esa yxkrs vkSj l k/ q

l aU; kfl ; ksa ds pDdj esa i M+s jgrsA ,d ckj bu dks ,d oAjkxh l k/ q feyk ft l us budks

,d fo'ks"k Øedk.M }kjk Bkdqj t h dks i zl Uu djus dh fof/ crkbZA ; s Hkksyk nkEi fr

ml h fo'ks"k fof/ }kjk Bkdqj dks i zl Uu djus dh ps"Vk djrs jgrsA ft l ds vUrZxr

fdl h fo'ks"k l jksoj l s t y ykdj Bkdqj dks Luku djk dj Hkksx yxokrs vkSj ml




9696

i zfrek ds l e{k uR; djrsA bl i zdkj dbZ o"kZ O; rhr gks x, i jUrq eu dks ' kkfUr ugha

feyh vfi rq l nSo eu ds HkVduk cuh jgrh fd Qy dh i zkfIr dc gksaxhA

,d fnu Hkksj ds l e; os nkEi fr i fo=k t y dh xkxj ysdj ?kj ykSV jgs Fks rks

jkLrs esa ,d ?kk; y O; fDr muds i kl vk; k vkSj og fouezrk l s fourh djus yxk fd

dI; k eq>s FkksM+k l k i kuh fi yk nsa vU; Fkk esjs i zk.k fudy t k,xsaA fdUrq i fo=k t y rks

Bkdqj t h dks Luku djkus ds fy, FkkA vr% ; g fdl h vU; O; fDr dks dSl s fn; k t k

l drk Fkk\ bl fy, l ksguk eksfguk us ml ?kk; y dh i zkFkZuk vLohdkj dj nh vkSj ?kj

dh vkSj py i M+s rHkh ?kk; y O; fDr us dgk ; fn rqe i hfM+r] t : jrean dh l gk; rk

ugha dj l drs rks ; g t y fdl h dke ugha vk,xkaA

t c nkEi fr ?kj i gaqpk vkSj Bkdqjks dks Luku djokus yxk rks muds dkuksa es

?kk; y ds dgkjus dh vokt + vkrh vkSj og okD; ckj&ckj ; kn vkrk fd rqEgkjk ; g

t y vFkok i jhJe O; FkZ gS ; fn rqe fdl h ds dBhu l e; dke ugha vk l drsA

l ksguk&eksfguk dks vi uh Hkwy dk ,gl kl gksus yxk og rqjUr ?kj l s ykSV i M+s

vkSj ogha i gqaps t gka mu dks ?kk; y feyk FkkA i jUrq bl var jky esa ?kk; y O; fDr us i zk.k

R; kx fn; s FksA ?kk;y dks er ns[ kdj vc l ksgu vkSj eksfguh dk ân; dks cgqr Bsl

yxh fdUrq vc rks l e; gkFk l s fudy pqdk Fkk er dks pkjksa vksj l s HkhM+ us ?ksj j[ kk

FkkA bl HkhM+ esa l s ,d O; fDr us ' ko dh i gpku] ,d fl D[ k O; fDr ds : i esa dj

nh t ks dqN gh l e; i gys ,d Mkdwvksa ds fxjgksa l s yksgk ysrk gqvk ?kk; y gqvk FkkA

l ksguk vkSj eksfguk ds ân; esa i ' pkrki dh Tokyk HkM+d mBh os {kek ; kpuk djuk

pkgrs FksA fdUrq dSl s nks"k l s eqfDr i zkfIr dh t k,A os l e> ugha i k jgsa FksA rHkh mu

dks ,d l q>ko feyk fd bl fl [ k ds xq:nso cgqr gh mnkj ân; ds Lokeh gSaA ; fn mu

l s vki Hkwy dks Lohdkjrs gq, {kek ekaxs rks og vki dks drkFkZ djsaxsA fdUrq

l ksguk&eksfguk dks xq:nso ds l e{k t kus l s vkRe Xykuh vuqHko gksus yxh vr% og

fopkjus yxs fd dksbZ , l h ; qfDr gks ft l l s l gt gh xq:nso dk l keuk gks t k, vkSj

os {kek ds fy, i zkFkZuk djsa rHkh mudks ekyqe gqvk fd Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h i k¡oVk

(l kgc) l s vkuani qj (l kgc) ds fy, i zLFkku dj jgs gSaA vr% og jk; i qj {ks=k l s gksdj




9797

xqt jxsaA ; g Kkr gksrs gh nkEi fr us i zfr {kk i zkjEHk dj nhA ft l jkLrs l s l SU; cy rFkk

i fjokj t k jgk FkkA eq[ ; ekxZ i j l ksguk vkSj eksfguk ?k.Vksa i zfr {kk djrs jgs fdUrq

xq:nso ekxZ cny dj ml {ks=k l s xqt j x; s D; ksfd og l ksguk&eksfguh l s : "V Fks og

ugha t krs Fks ft udks muds fl [ k (f'k"; ) us ' kki fn; k gks mu i j di k nf"V dh t k,aA

t c bl nkEi fr dks ; g Kkr gqvk fd xq:nso mudks n'kZu nsuk ugha pkgrs rks

os dkai mBs vkSj {kek ; kpuk dh ;qfDr <wa<us yxsA vUrr% mUgksaus fu.kZ; fy; k fd

gesa vkuani qj pyuk pkfg, ogha dksbZ fof/ cu t k,axh vkSj xq:nso l s vko' ; gh {kek

i zkIr gks t k,xhA ; g n<+ fu'p; djds nkEi fr xq: uxjh vkuani qj i gqpkA os vi uh

O; Fkk i zeq[ k l sodksa dks crkus yxs vkSj fuosnu djus yxs fd gesa {kek fnyok,aA t c

fl [ k&l sodksa dks Kkr gqvk fd xq#nso bl nkEi fr l s #"B gS rks fdl h dks l kgl ugha

gqvk fd og mudh xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k fl Qkfj' k djsaA l Hkh us mudks l q>ko fn; k fd

vki xq: ?kj dh fu"dke l sok esa vi us dks l efi Zr dj ns dHkh u dHkh xq:nso n; ky

gksaxs vkSj og Lo; a vki dks {kek dj nsxsaA ; g l q>ko mfpr FkkA vr% os l sok esa O; Lr

jgus yxs fdUrq l ksguk&eksfguk ckxokuh dk dk; Z cgqr dq'kyrk l s dj ysrs Fks bUgksaus

vi us ?kj i j ,d l qUnj okfVdk cuk j[ kh Fkh ft l esa HkkfUr HkkfUr ds Qwy mxk; k djrs

Fks vkSj mudks Bkdqjksa dks vfi Zr djrs jgrs FksaA vr% bUgksaus esy&t ksy c<+kdj ekrk

l qUnjh t h l s mudh Qqy&ckM+h dh ns[ k&Hkky dh ft Eesokjh ys yhA budks vk'kk Fkh

fd dHkh u dHkh xq:nso vi uh QwyckM+h esa vo' ; gh vkosaxsA l ksguk&ekfguk cuLi fr

fo' ks"kK gksus ds ukrs u; s&u; s Qwy mxkus yxs vkSj u; s <ax l s ckxokuh djus yxs

mudh yxu l s ekrk l qUnjh t h vfr i zl Uu gqbZA bl nkEi fr us ,d fo'ks"k i zdkj ds

Qwy mxk; s ft u dh NVk vuqi Fkh os pkgrs Fks fd dHkh xq:nso okfVdk esa vk; s vkSj

og mudks ,d fo'ks"k xqynLrk HksaV djssa vkSj mul s i zk; f' pr dh i zkFkZuk dh t k,A

fdUrq xq:nso ogka dHkh Hkh ugha x; sA ,d fnu vkuani qj esa ,d oSjkxh l k/ q xq:nso dh

Lrqfr l qudj muds n'kZuksa dks cgqr nwj l s vk; kA t c og ogka i gqapk rks fopkjus yxk

fd xq:nso t h dks D; k oLrq HksaV dh vk; s ft l l s og mudh vuqdEi k dk i k=k cu

l dsA bl ryk'k esa ml dh nf"V xq:nso t h dh okfVdk i j i M+h t gka l ksguk&eksfguk

fuR; okfVdk dh ns[ k&js[ k fd; k djrs FksaA ; gka l k/ q muds i kl i gqpka vkSj vuqjks/




9898

djus yxk fd vki us t ks og fo'ks"k i zdkj ds Qwy mBk; s gSaA eq>s nsuh dh di k djsa eSamuds vki dks mfpr / ke nwxkaA fdUrq bl nkEi fr us ml ds i zLrko dks Bqdjk fn; kvkSj ml s crk; k fd ; g okfVdk mu dh ugha gSa os rks dsoy l soknkj gSa vkSj t ks Qwyog ekax jgk gSa og rks l qjf{kr j[ ks x; s gSa D; ksafd ; g fdl h fof' k"V O; fDr dks l efi Zrfd; s t k,axsA oSjkxh l k/ q ft l s t u&l k/ kj.k jksMk&t t kyh ds uke l s t kurk Fkk fujk' koki l yksV vk; kA fdUrq og mu Qwyksa dks i zkIr djus yh ykyl k dks R; kx ugha l dkAog vk/ h jkr dks mBk vkSj ml okfVdk esa i gqap dj pqi ds l s ogh Qwy rksM+ yk; k vkSji zkr% dky dh l Hkk esa xq:nso dks l efi Zr dj fn; sA bu fo'ks"k i zdkj ds Qwyksa dks ns[ kdj xq:nso i zl Uu ugha gq, mUgksaus jksMs t ykyh dks ml dh vk'kk ds foi jhr i z'u fd; kfd vki rks oSjkxh l ar gSa LokHkfod gSa vki dk ân; Hkh dksey gksxk fQj vki us ; sdksey Qwy&dfy; ka fdl i zdkj rksM+us dk l gkl fd; k\ ; g i z'u l qurs gh jksM+kt ykyh l k/ q dkai mBk ml s ,gl kl gqvk fd xq:nso us ml dh pkjh i dM+ yh gSaA i jUrqog l rZd gksdj vi uh xyrh i j i jnk Mkyus ds fopkj l s dgus yxk fd xq:nso Qwyrks mRi u gh bl h fy, fd; s t krs gSa fd mudks Mkyh l s rksM+dj nwl jksa dk Jaxkkj cuk; kt k,aA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & fdUrq ; g vf/ dkj rqEgkjk ugha FkkA ft udk vf/ dkj{ks=k Fkk D; k rqeus mudk ân; ugha rksM+k gS\ ; g Hkwy ml l s Hkh vf/ d Hkwy ughaAvc jksMs+&t ykyh ds i kl dksbZ mÙkj ugha FkkA og fl j >wdkdj vi jk/ h cudj [ kM+kgks x; kA xq:nso us dgk&; gka rks J}k&HkfDr l s HksaV dh xbZ gj i zdkj dh oLrqLohdkjh; gSa] dksbZ vo' ; d rks Fkk ugha fd vki Qwy gh yk,aA bl i j jksMk t ykyhcksyk&xq:nso bl l aU; kl h ds i kl daxkyh ds vfr fjDr gS gh D;k t ks vki dks HksaVdjrkA xq:nso ml dh ;g prqjkbZ ns[ kdj eqLdqjk fn; s vkSj ,d fl [ kdks l adsr fd; kfd ml l k/ q dh Vksi h mrkjksA Vksi h mrkjh xbZA ft l esa l s Lo.kZ eqnzk,a fxjus yxhA ; geqnzk,¡ cgqr prqjkbZ l s fof/ i qoZd Vksi h esa fl yh xbZ FkhA fdUrq fl [ k }kjk Vksi h dks[ ku&[ kukus l s ,d&,d djds cgkj fxjus yxhA rHkh l eLr l Hkk esa gkL; &O; ax dkokrkoj.k cu x; kA xq:nso us dFkuh&djuh esa vUr j Li "V dj fn; kA ft l l s l k/ qjksM+k t ykyh cgqr 'kfeZnk gqvk vkSj {kek ; kpuk djus yxkA xq#nso us dgk&vc rks

vki dks mu HkÙkÚksa l s {kek ekaxuh gksxh ft Ugksaus bu Qwyksa dks cgqr Lusg l s l hpk rFkk

i kyk gSaA vkvksa muds i kl pysaA




9999

xq:nso] l k/ q jksMs+&t ykyh ds l kFk okfVdk esa i gqaps t gka l ksguk&eksfguk ekyh

ds : i esa dk; Zjr jgrs FksA ogka dk n' ; gh ân; osnd i k; k x; kA Hkksj l e; t c

l ksguk&eksfguk us ml fo' ks"k Qwyksa dh ds; kjh dks mt M+k gqvk i k; k rks muds ân; dks

xgjk v?kkr i gqapkA mudh vk'kkvksa i j i kuh fQj x; k os pkgrs Fks fd mu Qwyksa ds

ekè; e l s xq:nso rd i gqapk t k, vkSj {kek ; kpuk dh t k,a fdUrq mudh cfx; k rks

yqV pqdh FkhA vr% os csl q/ gks x; sA okfVdk es i gqap dj xq:nso us mudks vi uh xksnh

esa fy; k vkSj muds eq[ k es t yk Mkyk vkSj cgqr Lusg l s dgk&vk¡[ ks [ kksyks eSa vk x; k

gwaA vc og Qwy eq>s i zkIr gks x; s gSa ft Ugsa rqeus dM+s i fjJe l s mRi Uu fd; k Fkk geus

vki nksuksa dks ml Hkwy ds fy, {kek dj fn; k gSaA bl i zdkj mudh ewNkZ VwVh vkSj os

nksuksa l qpsr voLFkk esa vk,aA xq:nso us mUgs vfr Lusg fn; k vkSj mudh ea'kk i w.kZ dhA

HkkbZ uUnyky t h xks; k*

HkkbZ uUnyky t h Qkjl h Hkk"kk ds cgqr cM+s fo}ku FksA vki eqYrku ds uokc ds

i kl ehj eqU'kh dk dk; ZHkkj l EHkkys gq, FksA vki dh i Ruh o l l qjky ds l Hkh l nL; Jh

xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h ds vuq; k; h FksA vr% vki muds l kFk ,d ckj xq:nso ds

n'kZuksa dks vk; s Fks vkSj xq:nso dh cgqeq[ kh i zfrHkk rFkk muds vkè; kfRedokn l s brus

i zHkkfor gq, fd vki l nSo ds fy, xq: ds f' k"; cudj t hou O; rhr djus yxsA

vkSjaxt sc us l u~ 1676 esa ' kgt knk eqvt +e (cgknqj' kkg) dks vÝxkfuLrku dk

xouZj cukdj dkcqy Hkst k rks ml us eqYrku ds l wcs (xouZj) dks dgdj HkkbZ uUn

yky t h dks vi us l kFk ys fy; k vkSj vi uk ehj eqa'kh fu; qDr fd; kA oki l h i j 1678

esa og eqvt +e ds gh l kFk fnYyh vk x,A ,d ckj vkSjaxt sc us ' kkg bjku }kjk Hkst s x; s

i =k dk mÙkj rS; kj djus dks vi us fo'ks"k njckfj; ksa dks dgk & fdUrq l ezkV dks muds

mÙkjksa l s l Urqf"V ugha gqbZA ml us fQj vi us pkjksa csVksa dks i qu% mÙkj fy[ kus dks dgk

& t c dqaoj eqvt +e dk el kSnk l ezkV us ns[ kk rks og cgqr i zl Uu gqvk i jUrq og

fopkjus yxk fd bruh ; ksX; rk eqvt +e esa dgk¡ l s vk xbZ] u gks bl ds i hNs fdl h

vkye dk gkFk gSA og bl jgL; dks t kuus dks bPNqd gqvkA t c ml s ekywe gqvk fd




100100

eqvt +e dk ehj eqU'kh t ks fd ,d fgUnw gS] ; g mÙkj ml }kjk rS; kj fd; k x; k gS rks

ml us rqjUr vkns'k fn; k fd ,sl s vkye&Qkt +y dks nhu esa yk; k t kuk pkfg,A t c

HkkbZ uUn yky t h dks vkSjaxt sc dh bPNk dk i rk pyk rks vki l e; jgrs ogk¡ l s

rqjUr vkuUni qj l kgc ds fy, i zLFkku dj x; s vkSj xq: xksfcUn jk; (fl a?k) t h dh

'kj.k esa i gq¡psA xq:nso us mudk HkO; Lokxr fd; kA ; gk¡ vki xq:nso dh l axr esa jgus

yxsA i zfr fnu l Rl ax djus ds dkj.k og xq:nso ds ' kkSnkbZ gks x; sA Lusg&HkfDr peZ

l hek rd i gq¡p xbZA vki nksuksa oDr xq:nso ds i zopu l qurs ft l l s vki dk ân;

vfr fueZy gks x; kA vki Lo; ¡ Qkjl h Hkk"kk ds egku dfo FksA vr% vki us xqjefr

fl ¼kUrksa dh O; k[ ; k djus okyh dbZ i qLrdksa dh jpuk Hkh dhA bl ds vfr fjDr vki

xq:nso ds I; kj esa ,sl s je x, fd mudh Lrqfr esa mPp Lr j dh dfork,a fy[ kha t ks

vkt Hkh xq: }kjksa esa dhrZu ds : i esa xkbZ t krh gSaA Bhd oSl s gh t Sl s HkkbZ xqjnkl t h

dh / kfeZd jpuk,aA oSl s xq: ?kj esa fo'ks"k funsZ'k gSa fd xq:ok.kh ds vfr fjDr vFkok

bu nksuksa fo}kuksa ds vfr fjDr fdl h vU; dh jpuk dhrZu : i esa ugha xkbZ t k l drhA

HkkbZ uUn yky xks; k* t h dh jfpr nl i qLrdsa mi yC/ gSaA buesa l s l kr

Qkjl h vkSj rhu i at kch Hkk"kk esa gSaA vki vi uh jpukvksa esa xks; k rFkk yky mi ukeksa dk

i z; ksx djrs FksA

Qkjl h dh i qLrdsa & ft anxh ukek] nhokuh xks; k] rkSl hQs&m&l uk] xat ukek]

t ksr foxkl ] nLrw:y&bukl k] vjt qy&vyQkt vkSj i at kch Hkk"kk esa & t ksx foxkl ]

jfgrukek] ru[ kkgukek

xq: nso d k fo| k njckj

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h l Ur&fl i kgh gksus ds l kFk l kFk fo| k i zseh Hkh FksA og

Lo; ¡ rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa dfork fy[ krs FksA i ¡t kch mudh ekrHkk"kk Fkh] fgUnh ml l e;

l kfgR; jpuk esa i z; ksx gksus okyh l okZf/ d fodfl r Hkk"kk FkhA Qkjl h ml l e;

l jdkjh Hkk"kk gksus ds dkj.k ekU; rk i zkIr FkhA vr% vki us bu rhuksa Hkk"kkvksa dks vi us

dkO; esa [ kqydj i z; ksx fd; kA vki dfo; ksa] xqf.k; ksa] i f.Mrksa dks vi us njckj esa




101101

vkefU=kr djrs vkSj mudh Js"B jpukvksa i j i qjLdr djrs jgrs Fks] ft l dkj.k nwjnwj l s vki ds njckj esa fo}ku vkus yxsA dqN dfo rks xq:nso ds vkJ; esa LFkk; h rkSji j jgus yxs FksA dqN FkksM+s l e; ds fy, vkdj vkuUni qj esa jgrs vkSj xq: bPNk dsvuq: i Kku dk vknku&i znku djrsA xq:nso dk fo| k njckj bruk fo[ ; kr gks x; kfd dqN dfox.k dsoy rhFkZ dh r jg vkuUni qj vkdj njckj esa mi fLFkr gksrs]Kku&ppkZ djrs vkSj ykSV t krsA rkRi ; Z ; g fd xq: njckj esa LFkk; h jgus okys dfo; ksads vfr fjDr Hkh ogk¡ dfo; ksa dk fujUr j vkokxeu cuk jgrkA xq:nso fdl h dks Hkh[ kkyh gkFk ugha ykSVkrs] mUgsa / u] oL=k] ?kksM+s&gkFkh bR; kfn nku esa nsrs vkSj mUgsaJs"Brk dk i zek.k i =k Hkh nsrsA bfrgkl 52 dfo; ksa dk xq:njckj esa LFkkbZ : i esa jgukcrkrk gS fdUrq 125 dfo; ksa ds ukeksa dk fooj.k mi yC/ gksrk gS] ' kk; n ; g ckdhdfo vYi dky ds fy, xq: ?kj esa vk; s gksA mu l c dfo; ksa us bruh vf/ d jpuk,ajph fd ft l l s ,d fo'kky xzaFk rS; kj gks x; kA xq:nso us bl l a; qDr jpukvksa dk ukefn; k fo| k/ j vkSj bl dk cks> Fkk ukS euA vkuUni qj ds fdys i j eqx+y vkØe.k dsmi jkUr fdyk [ kkyh djrs l e; ; g xzaFk l EHkkyk ugha t k l dk vkSj u"V gks x; kAft l dkj.k cgqewY; l kfgR; l s fgUnh t xr oafpr jg x; kA fdUrq xq:nso dh jpuk,at ks fd fl D[ kksa }kjk udy djds daB dj yh xbZ Fkh vFkok nwl js uxjksa esa mudk t kivFkok i Bu gksrk Fkk] ' ks"k jg xbZA

xq:nso ds njckj esa dkO; xksf"B; ksa dk vk; kst u i zk; % gksrk jgrk FkkA muxksf"B;ksa esa vusdksa uksad&>ksad ds mnkgj.k mi yC/ gSaA ,d ckj xq:nso ds njckj esapUnu uked dfo mi fLFkr gqvkA ml s vi uh jpukvksa i j vfHkeku FkkA ml dk fopkjFkk fd ml dh jpuk dks dksbZ Hkh Bhd l s O; k[ ; k ugha dj l dsxkA ml us l oS; k i <+kvkSj pqukSrh nh fd bl ds vFkZ djus okys l s eSa i jkt ; eku ywaxkA

bl l oS;s dks l qudj xq:nso us dgk ; g rks dqN Hkh ugha gSA bl l s rks vPNsl oS; s gekjs ?kkfl ; s fy[ k ysrs gSaA pUnu dfo us i zLrko j[ kk] Bhd gS & vki esjs bll oS; s ds fdl h ?kkfl ; s l s vFkZ djokdj fn[ kk nsaA rHkh xq:nso us / Uuk fl a?k dks cqykHkst k t ks ml l e; ?kkl [ kksn dj yk jgk FkkA / Uuk fl a?k us ?kkl dh xk¡B fl j l s mrkjh

vkSj l h/ k njckj esa mi fLFkr gqvkA rc pUnu dfo us vkns'k i kdj ogh l oS; k i qu%

mPpkj.k fd; k &Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



102102

uol kr fr ; s] uol kr fd ; s] uol kr fi ; s uol kr fi ; k, A

uol kr jps uol kr cps] uol kr i ; k i fg : i d i k, A

t hr d yk uol kr u d h] uol kr u d s Hkq[ kj vapj Nk; A

ekuqag es?k d s eaMy esa] d fo panu pan d ysoj Nk, A

/ Uuk fl a?k us nks ckj l oS; s dks è; ku l s l quk vkSj dgk bl esa dksbZ vkè; kfRed

Kku vFkok fdl h vkn'kZ dh ckr rks gS gh ugha dsoy uks vkSj l kr dh fxurh gS]

ft l dk dqy t ksM+ l ksyg gSA ft l dh ckj ckj i quZofr dh t k jgh gSA bl ds vFkZ Hkh l k/

kj.k l s gh gSaA

uo] l kr fr ; s Hkko ukS vkSj l kr o"kZ dh L=kh] l ksyg o"kZ dh i Ruh] l ksyg Jaxkj

djds i fr dh i zfr {kk esa gS] t ks l ksyg ekg ds i ' pkr~ i zns'k l s ?kj ykSV jgk gSA l ksyg

[ kkus okyh ' kr jat (pkSi M+) dh ckt +h yxkbZ xbZA l ksyg nkao yxkus dh ' krZ yxkbZ xbZA

l ksyosa nkao esa i fr fot ; h gks x; kA bl i zdkj l ksyg dyk okyh L=kh i jkft r gksdj

vi uk eq[ k pqujh esa fNi k fy; kA ,sl k ,gl kl gqvk t Sl s cknyksa esa pUnzek yqdk&fNi h

dj jgk gksA

brus l gt rk esa vFkZ ,d xq: ds ?kkfl ; s l s l qudj pUnu dfo dk vfHkeku

t krk jgkA vc / Uuk fl a?k dh ckjh FkhA ml us l oS; k i <+k % &

ehu HkjS t y d s i j l s d cgw u ejS i j i kod i k, A

gkFkh ejS en d s i j l s d cgw¡ u ejS r u r ki d s vk, A

r h; ejS i h; d s i j l s d cgwa u ejS i j ns' k fl / k, A

xw<+ eSa ckr d gh fnt j kt fopkj l d S u fcuk fpr yk, A

d kmy ejS j fo d s i j l s d cgwa u ejS l fl d h Nfo i k, A

fe=k ejS fer d s fefyd s d cgwa u ejS t afc nwj fl ; k, A

fl ag ejS t fc ekl feyS d cgwa u ejS t c gkFk u vk, A

xw<+ eSa ckr d gh fnxj kt fopkj l d S u fcuk fpr yk, A




103103

/ Uuk fl a?k ds bl l oS;s dk vFkZ pUnu dks ugha l w>kA yfTt r gksdj i jkt ;

Lohdkj dj yhA xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k gkFk ck¡/ dj fourh djus yxk] {kek djsaA eSa feF; k

vfHkeku esa vk x; k FkkA rc xq:nso t h us / Uuk fl a?k dks vkns'k fn; k vc yxs gkFkksa

& pUnu dks vFkZ Hkh crk MkyksA rc / Uuk fl a?k t h us dgk & bl esa vFkZ fcYdqy

Li "V gh gS] dsoy ckr v/ Z fojke ds i z; ksx dks l e>us ek=k dk gSA l oS; s esa u ' kCn

dks v/ Z fojke l s i gys i <+uk gS] ckr cu t k,xhA

ehu ejS t y d s i j l s d cgw u] ejS i j i kod i k, A

pUnu dfo us ,sl k gh fd; k vFkZ fcYdqy l h/ s&l k/ s vkSj Li "V Fks dsoy

v/ Z fojke ds dkj.k ekeyk my>k gqvk FkkA ft l l s vFkZ ds vuFkZ gks jgs FksA rHkh

pUnu dfo us vi uh i jkt ; Lohdkj dj yhA

d fo; ksa r Fkk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k d s l aokn

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ,d ckj dfo e.Myh ds l kFk l ryqt unh ds fdukjs

jsrhys eSnku esa fopj.k dj jgs FksA i zk; % mu ds gkFk esa ,d cSar dh NM+h jgrh Fkh] ft l

i j i hry dk nLrk vkSj vUr esa ,d l qugjh Vksi h yxh gqbZ FkhA t ks ml l e; dfo

'kkjnk t h dks ckal qjh l eku i zrhr gqbZA ml dks i zse esa nf"V esa Hkze gks x; kA og xq:nso

dh rqyuk Jh d".k t h l s djus yxkA ml us Hkkoqdrk esa dqN i | ksa dh jpuk dj Mkyh

t ks fd fuEufyf[ kr gSA

d at d at xfyfu ct kbZ cu ck¡l j h l h] mu gh d s l ax l bZ l j nk l fgr gSA

t euk d s r V] cal h cV d s fud V l ksbZ] r V l r nzo vku l kfgch d j r gSA

ns[ ks Hkwi Hkwi u d s Hkwfe d s Hkxr yksxks ! Hkkx l k NVh d s eksl ks d fgos gh cur gSA

d kUg gSo vor j . kksa r ks eq[ k gh j fgr ykxh] xksfcan gSo vor j ; ks r ks gkFk gh j fgr gSA




104104

' kkjnk dfo ds eq[ k l s xq: Lrqfr l qudj l Hkh dfo vkSj Jskrk okg&okg dg mBs

D; ksafd bl i | esa vyadkj ; qDr fo'ks"k.k Fkk t ks fd l Hkh ds eu dks Hkk x; kA bl i j

,d vU; dfo gal jke us dqN vkSj c<+dj jpuk jp MkyhA mUgksaus fy[ kk &

pkjksa pDd l soSa xq: xksfcan fr gkj s i k, ] esj s t kus vkt r wa gh nwt ks d j r kj gSA

t c xq:nso us ; g jpuk,a l quh rks og cgqr ukjt k gq,A mUgksaus dgk & vki us

xqjefr fl ¼kUr dks vFkok esjh fopkj/ kjk dks l e>k gh ugha gSA ugha rks ,sl h Hkwy

vFkok pki ywl h dHkh u djrsA t c fd eSa i gys Li "V dj pqdk gw¡ fd &

t ks ge d ks i j es' oj mPpj gSa r s l Hk ujd d qaM efg i j gSA

xq:nso dk dM+k : [ k ns[ kdj dfot u cgqr ' kkar Hkko l s cksys & gekjk

vfHki zk; dnkfpr pki ywl h djuk ugha gS vkSj uk gh ge ckr dks c<+k&p<+k dj djuk

pkgrs gSaA geus t ks vuqHko fd; k ogh fy[ kk gSA gekjk ,sl k fy[ kus esa xq:ok.kh dh dqN

i afDr ; ka gekjh ckr dh i qf"V djrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, &

l fr xqj fop vki q j f[ kvksu d fj i j xVq vfi l q. kbvkA

; Fkk

xq: i jesl j , d ks t k. k t ks fr l HkkoS l ks i zok. kA

xq:nso dfo; ksa dh gkft +j t okch i j eqLdqjk fn; s vkSj mUgksaus dgk l c dqN

mfpr gksrs gq, Hkh fdl h O; fDr fo'ks"k dh Lrqfr djuk mfpr ugha bl l s vfHkeku

vFkok vga Hkko mRi Uu gksrk gSA l Hkh dks dsoy fujkdkj mi kl uk esa gh è; ku dsfUnzr

djuk pkfg,A bl esa ykHk gh ykHk gS vkSj t Ue l Qy gksus dh 'kr&i zfr ' kr l EHkkouk

cu t k,xhA

yaxj d h i j h{kk

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa l nSo l axrksa dk rkark yxk jgrk FkkA nwj

l s n'kZukFkZ vkbZ l axr ds fy, dbZ LFkkuksa i j yaxj rFkk vU; l q[ k l qfo/ k,a t qVkbZ t krh




105105

FkhA bl dk; Z ds fy, dbZ / uk<; J¼kyw fl D[ kksa us vi uh O; fDrxr yaxj dh l sok; sa

i zLrqr dj j[ kh FkhA dqN / uk<; vi uk uke dekus ds fy, Hkkst u cgqr gh mÙke

vkSj Lokfn"V rS; kj djrs Fks vkSj l axrksa dks vi uh vksj vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, l sok esa

dksbZ pwd ugha jgus nsrs FksA bl i zdkj xq: l axr cgqr i zl Uu Fkh vkSj og dqN fo'ks"k

/ uk<; ksa dh Lrqfr Hkh djrh FkhA xq:nso ds njckj esa i zk; % bl ckr dh ppkZ Hkh cgqr

gksus yxh Fkh fd veqd veqd yaxj vfr i z' kal uh; dk; Z dj jgs gSaA

,d fnu xq:nso ds ân; esa fopkj vk; k fd D; ksa u bu yaxjksa dh i jh{kk yh

t k, fd og okLro esa fu"dke l sok&Hkko j[ krs gSa vFkok dsoy dhfrZ vFkok ; ' k

vft Zr djus ds fopkj l s l axr dks yqHkk jgs gSaA vr% vki us ,d fnu yxHkx v/ Zjkf=k

ds l e; os'k&Hkw"kk fdl kuksa okyh / kj.k djds ckjh ckjh l Hkh / uk<; O; fDr; ksa ds

yaxjksa esa x; s vkSj cgqr fouez Hkko l s vkxzg fd; k fd eSa nwj i zns'k l s vk; k gw¡A eq>s nsj

gks xbZ gS] Hkw[ kk gw¡ di ; k Hkkst u djk nsA l Hkh us Øe'k% ,d gh mÙkj fn; k & [ kk|

l kexzh l ekIr gks xbZ gS] di ; k l qcg i / kjs] vo' ; gh l sokdh t k,xhA vUr esa xq:nso

HkkbZ uUnyky xksok t h ds yaxj esa x; sA og Hkh l ksus t k jgs Fks fdUrq fdl ku dh fourh

l qurs gh l rdZ gq, vkSj ml s cgqr Lusgi woZd cSBk; k vkSj dgk & vki FkksM+h l h i zrh{kk

djsa] eSa vHkh vki ds fy, Hkkst u rS; kj fd; s nsrk gw¡ vkSj og cpk&[ kqpk Hkkt u xeZ

djus yxs vkSj t ks i zkr%dky ds fy, jl n j[ kh gqbZ Fkh ml esa l s jksfV; ka rS; kj djus yxsA

dqN gh nsj esa Hkkst u rS; kj gks x; kA fdl ku dks cgqr vknjHkko l s Hkji sV Hkkst u djk; k

x; k vkSj ml dks l Urq"V djds fonk fd; k x; kA

vxys fnu xq:nso us jkr dh ?kVuk vi us njckj esa l eLr l axr dks l qukbZ fd

dkSu fdl eu l s l sok dj jgk gSA l eLr yaxjksa esa HkkbZ uUnyky t h ds yaxj dks mÙke

?kksf"kr fd; k x; kA©

d M+kg i zl kn d ks ywVus d k vkns' k

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds ân; esa fopkj mRi Uu gqvk fd vkt l eLr l axr

dks Hkkst u ds : i esa i sV Hkj dj dM+kg i zl kn (gyqvk) gh l sou djok; k t k; sA mUgksaus




106106

ykaxjh dks vkns'k fn; k fd yaxj esa dsoy ,d ek=k dM+kg gh rS; kj fd; k t k,A vU;

[ kk| kUu u cuk; s t k; saA cl fQj D; k Fkk] yaxj l s cM+h i jkrs Hkj Hkj dM+kg&i zl kn dh

eq[ ; i aMky esa i gq¡pk nh xbZA t c for j.k dk l e; gqvk rks xq:nso t h us fouksn ds

fopkj l s vkns'k fn; kA vkt l axr esa i zl kn for j.k ugha djuk gS] l eLr l axr i zl kn dks

ywV ys vkSj dksbZ ywV esa i hNs ugha jgsA

l Hkh us vkns'k dk i kyu fd; k vkSj Hkj i sV dM+kg i zl kn ywV dj [ kk; kA xq:nso

Lo; ¡ ywV dk n' ; ns[ krs jgsA vdLekr~ mudh nf"V HkkbZ jkedqaoj t h i j xbZ] og

'kkUr cSBs FksA i zl kn ywV esa Hkkx ugha ys jgs FksA rHkh xq:nso t h us mudks cqykdj i wNk

fd vki us bl ywV esa D; ksa ugha Hkkx fy; k \ rks og ' kkUr Hkko l s cksys] vki dk vkns'k

Fkk ywVksA eSaus Hkh vkns'k dk i kyu fd; k gS] vi uh vko' ; drk vuql kj ,d d.k ek=k

i zkIr dj fy; k vkSj vi us LoHkko ds vuql kj l Urks"k djds cSB x; k gw¡A okLro esa

i zl kn ywVk eSaus Hkh gSA muds mÙkj l s xq:nso cgqr i zl Uu gq, vkSj mudks czãKku i znku

fd; kA

Kku d h jgL; e; d qat h

,d fnu Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa ,d ft Kkl w mi fLFkr gqvkA ml us

xq:nso t h dks crk; k fd og bl ekuo t hou dks l Qy djuk pkgrk gS vkSj l k¡l kfjd

>esyksa dks d"Vksa ds dkj.k vuqHko djrk gSA vr% eq>s vkè; kfRed Kku nsaA xq:nso

ml dh vfHkyk"kk ns[ kdj i zl Uu gq, vkSj ml l s i wNk f' k{kk dgk¡ rd i zkIr dh gS \

ml us crk; k fd eSa l k¡l kfjd f' k{kk i zkIr ugha dj i k; k] fdUrq eu esa vfHkyk"kk gSA

xq:nso us ml s dgk & vkè; kfRed Kku ds fy, Hkh v{kj Kku dk gksuk vfr

vko' ; d gSA ; fn rqe Hkk"kk dk Kku i zkIr dj yks rks / hjs / hjs ge rqEgsa vkè; kfRed

Kku Hkh n<+ djokrs pys t k,axsA ckr bl i zdkj l e> yks fd fo| k ds fcuk l ¡l kj esa

va/ dkj gS] Bhd ml r jg t Sl s va/ s dks fnu esa Hkh fn[ kkbZ ugha nsrk] oSl s gh fcuk fo| k

ds Kku dh nqfu; k esa ft Kkl w va/ k gSA




107107

; g ft Kkl w fl D[ k fo| k i zkfIr ds fy, rS; kj gks x; kA xq:nso t h us ml s i <+kus

ds fy, ,d f' kf{kr l sod dh fu; qfDr dj nh vkSj og ml s fuR; i zfr o.kZ ekyk vkSj

l kekU; Kku i <+kus yxkA t c bl fl D[ k dks v{kj cks/ gks x; k rks og xq:ok.kh dk

vè; ; u djus yxkA ,d fnu vè; ki d us ml s vkuUn l kgc dh ok.kh dh i ksFkh nh

vkSj i gyh i afDr i <+kbZ vkSj dgk & esjs i hNs i <+ksA

¶vkuanq Hkbvk esjh ek, ] l fr xq: eSa i kbvkA

ml ft Kkl w fl D[ k us ; g i afDr cgqr è; ku l s i <+h vkSj ckj ckj ml s nksgjk; k

vkSj vè; ki d l s dgus yxk ckdh dy i <+saxs] dg dj NqV~Vh dj x; k vkSj fQj dHkh

ykSV dj i <+us ugha vk; kA

,d fnu ml ft Kkl w i j xq:nso dh nf"V i M+h rks mUgksaus ml l s i wNk fd rqeus

vi us vè; ki d l s dgk¡ rd f' k{kk i zkIr dj yh gSA bl i j og dgus yxk & xq:nso

t h ! eq>s vè; ki d t h us l eLr Kku dh dqat h gh ns nh gSA vc ckdh dqN i <+us dks

jg gh ugha x; kA xq:nso us vk'p; Z l s i wNk fd og jgL; e; dqat h D; k gS \ gesa Hkh

crkvksA ft Kkl w us dgk & eq>s vè; ki d us i <+k; k gS fd vkuUn Hkbvk esjh ekb]

l frxq: eSa i kbvkA t c l rxq: dh i zkfIr gks xbZ vkSj muds }kjk vkuUne; voLFkk esa

i gq¡p x; s rks vc ckdh D; k i <+uk gSA t ks eq[ ; y{; i zkfIr ds i ' pkr Hkh jg x; k gSA

vr% eSaus i <+uk R; kx fn; k vkSj ml h vkuUne; t hou esa O; Lr jgrk gw¡A ; g O; k[ ; k

l qudj xq:nso vfr i zl Uu gq, vkSj ml ft Kkl w fl D[ k dks daB l s yxk; k vkSj dgk &

rqeus okLr fod fl D[ kh dekbZ gS vkSj ml ds n'kZu fd; s gSaA

l e¼ ; qod d ks l sok d jus d h i zsj . kk

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ; qodksa ds djrc ns[ k jgs FksA l Hkh t oku ckjh ckjh

xq:nso dks vi uh ' kL=k fo| k ds t kSgj fn[ kk jgs FksA rHkh xq:nso us I; kl vuqHko dh]

fdUrq mudk fut h l sod ogk¡ ml l e; mi fLFkr ugha FkkA vki us Å¡ps Loj esa vkns'k

fn; k & dksbZ gS t ks gesa i kuh fi yk; sA ml l e; n'kZdksa esa ,d l e¼ i fjokj dk ; qod




108108

vki ds fudV [ kM+k Fkk] og vkns'k l qudj Hkkxdj i kuh dk fxykl Hkj yk; k vkSj

xq:nso ds l e{k i zLrqr fd; kA xq:nso us ml ds gkFk ns[ ks t ks fd cgqr gh dksey rFkk

l qUnj Fks] i wNus yxs fd csVk D; k ckr gS rqEgkjs gkFk cgqr gh ukt qd gSa \ mÙkj esa

; qod us crk; k & gs xq:nso t h ! ; g i gyh ckj gS t ks eSaus vki dks i kuh fn; k gSA eq>s

dHkh dke djus dk vol j feyrk gh ugha D; ksafd ?kj i j cgqr l s l sod gSa t ks esjh

vkKk i krs gh l Hkh esjs dk; Z rqjUr dj nsrs gSaA eq>s dqN Hkh ugha djuk gksrk D; ksafd

l e¼h ds dkj.k fdl h oLrq dk vHkko esjs t hou esa ugha gSaA ; g l qurs gh xq:nso us og

i kuh fxjk fn; k vkSj dgk & eSa ,sl s O; fDr ds gkFkksa l s i kuh ugha i h l drk t ks nwl jksa

dh l sok ugha djrk vFkok nwl jksa l s vi us dk; Z djokrk gS vFkkZr vkRefuHkZj ughaA bl

QVdkj l s ; qod us xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k ' ki Fk yh fd og l nSo ' kjhj l s Hkh i jksi dkj ds

dk; ksZa esa l ayXu jgsxkA

fouksnh xq: nso t h d k mfpr fu. kZ;

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ,d ckj vi us l Sfud vf/ dkfj; ksa l fgr fdyk

vkuUnx<+* dh fnokjksa dk fujh{k.k dj jgs FksA t c og fnokjksa ds fudV gksdj

xqt jus yxs rks ogk¡ ,d dkgu fl a?k uked ; qod fl D[ k t ks fd jkt feL=kh dk dk; Z

djrk Fkk] nhokj dh eqjEer djus esa O; Lr FkkA og vi us dk; Z esa bruk ,dkxj gksdj

rYyhu Fkk fd ml s ekywe gh ugha gqvk fd dc ogk¡ xq:nso ml ds fudV vk i gq¡psA

ml us nhokjksa dh njkjksa esa cgqr osx l s el kyk o jsrk QSadk] ft l ds NhaVs xq:nso ds

LoPN oL=kksa i j i M+sA oL=k i j / Ccs i M+ x; sA bl i j fouksnh xq:nso us l kFk esa pyus okys

vf/ dkfj; ksa l s dgk & bl s ,d ,d pkaVk yxk; sA cl fQj D; k Fkk] dksbZ Hkh i hNs u

jgkA l Hkh us t ksj&t ksj l s] ml s ,d ,d pkaVk yxk; kA ft l l s ; qod dkgu fl a?k dh

i xM+h [ kqydj fxj i M+hA ; g ns[ kdj xq:nso* dks cgqr jks"k gqvkA mUgkaus rqjUr mUgha

l sod : i h vf/ dkfj; ksa l s i wNk] vki l Hkh us fdl ds vkns'k l s ; qod dks pkaVk ekjk]

l Hkh us mÙkj fn; k fd vki ds vkns'k i j] xq:nso us rqjUr dgk] Bhd gS vc esjk nwl jk

vkns'k gS] rqe esa ,sl k dksbZ O; fDr gS t ks bl ; qod dks vi uh csVh dk fj' rk ns l drk




109109

gks\ l Hkh ' kkUr gksdj bl vuks[ ks i zLrko i j fopkj djus yxsA fdUrq dqN l e;

i ' pkr~ ,d dkcqy ds fuokl h fl D[ k us ; g i zLrko Lohdkj dj fy; k vkSj vi uh

yM+dh dk fj' rk ml ; qod l s dj fn; kA

ykgkSjk fl a?k d h ' kqf¼

,d vksj ohj jl h ; q¼ gks jgs Fks] nwl jh vksj / eZ i zpkj gks jgk FkkA nksuksa jaxksa dh

uhao b[ kykd rFkk l nkpkj i j j[ kh gqbZ FkhA >wB] vl R; ] Qjsc] dql ax] T; knrh]

vkpj.k ghurk okyh l kjh ckr l s Å¡pk j[ krs gq, LoPN l nkpkj esa [ kkyl s dh uhao j[ kh

t k jgh FkhA bl dk ,d mnkgj.k bl i zdkj gS &

Hkknksa dk eghuk FkkA jkr dks B.Mh gok py i M+hA l kgc Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

t h Nr i j fojkt jgs Fks fd l kFk okys edku dh Nr l s >xM+s dh dqN vkokt vkbZA

; g ,d fl a?k dk ?kj Fkk] ft l dk uke ykgkSjk fl a?k FkkA ; g xq: l kgc ds l kgct +knksa dh

ns[ kHkky djrk FkkA ml ds i kl gh ekyk fl a?k dk ?kj FkkA ekyk fl a?k O; ki kjh Fkk vkSj

l kgwdkjs dk dke djrk FkkA t : jr i M+us i j ykgkSjk fl a?k us ekyk fl a?k l s ½.k ys fy; kA

ekyk fl a?k l gu'khy rFkk usd LoHkko okyk O; fDr FkkA ml us l [ rh ugha dhA dqN

l e; ds ckn ekyk fl a?k dks O; ki kj esa dqN VksVk vk x; kA / hjs / hjs [ kkus i hus dh Hkh

raxh gks xbZA rc ml us ykgkSjk fl a?k l s vi us : i ; s ekaxs] i j ml us et +kd esa Vky fn; kA

vkt jkr ekyk fl a?k ml ds ?kj x; k vkSj vi us : i ; s ek¡xsA i j ykgkSjk fl a?k us u nsus ds

fy, eq¡g fp<+kdj dgk] fl [ k fl [ k dk [ kkb dj fpark djhvfg nwjA fQj Bgjdj

cksyk] ^ [ kk.kk i h.kk gl .kk xq:nhvk Hkqxrk, **A t c ekyk fl a?k us vi uh xjhc n'kk

crkbZ] rks ykgkSjk fl a?k dgus yxk] ^ t Sl k ft l dk ys[ k gS rSl h fof/ cfu vk, **A ekyk

fl a?k us dgk] HkkbZ] njxfg gksu l t kb; k >wBs vey ft ukgA t e ekjk xfg ekjh,s jks,

jks, i Nqrkb**A ; g l qudj ykgkSj fl a?k cksyk] ^ys[ kk dksbZ u i qNbZ t k gfj o[ kl ankA**

xq: t h ; g l c dqN l qu jgs FksA t c vi uh cnb[ k+ykdh rFkk i ki deZ dh

i zkS<+rk ds fy, ykgkSjk fl a?k us xq:ok.kh dh i afDr i <+h rks l nkpkj ds l jnkj t h us Å¡ps

Loj esa ; g i afDr i <+h &




110110

gd i j kbvk ukud k ml q l qv j ml q xkbA

xq# i h# gkek r k Hkjs t k eqjnk# u [ kkb*A

i gyh i afDr t ks ykgkSjk fl a?k us dgh Fkh fl [ k fl [ k nk [ kkb dj fpark djh,s nwj

& ml s jí djus ds fy, xq: t h us nwl jh i afDr Å¡ps Loj esa dgh]

^ [ kkoS [ kqvkb u nzksg d fj j gh, s can gt wj **A

fQj t ks ml us nwl jh i afDr dgh Fkh &

^ [ kk.kk i h.kk gal .kk xq: nhvk Hkqxrk, ** bl i j xq: t h us f>M+dh Hkjs Loj esa

; g i afDr dgh_ ^ t Sl k dje djrk djs rSl k xqj Hkqxrk,A** xq: t h ds okD;ksa dks

l qudj ykgkSj fl a?k dkai x; k vkSj uezrk / kj.k djds ekyk fl a?k l s dgus yxk & fl a?k

t h ! {kek djuk] eSa dy vki dk / u ykSVk nwaxk] eSa rks vki l s et +kd dj jgk FkkA

l qcg gksrs gh ykgkSjk fl a?k : i ; s ysdj ekyk fl a?k ds ?kj pyk x; k vkSj gkFk t ksM+dj

dt kZ mrkj fn; kA fQj rS; kj gksdj xq: ds njckj esa x; kA

bl i zdkj mi ns'k n<+ djok dj xq: t h us l oZ [ kkyl s dks mPp t hou dk

mi ns'k fn; kA t c l axrksa dks i rk pyk fd ekyk fl a?k dk / u ykgkSjk fl a?k us nck j[ kk

Fkk vkSj fQj vi us i ki deZ ds fy, xqjok.kh dh i afDr dk i z; ksx fd; k Fkk vkSj t c

l rxq: t h us ykgkSjk fl a?k esa l nkpkj dh ; g det ksjh rFkk Hkwy djds xq:ok.kh ds

okD; cksyus dk l kgl fd; k rks ml l e; Nr i j l s gh vki cksysA l c us xq: t h ds

xjhcksa dks l Eekfur djus ds xq.k rFkk l nkpkj ds I; kj dks ns[ kdj i zl Uurk fn[ kkbZA

l Hkh dgus yxs fd xq: t h / U; gSa t ks brus Hkkjh dkeksa esa O;Lr gksrs gq, Hkh vi us

fl [ kksa ds fut h ekeyksa esa vk jgh b[ kykdh det ksfj; ksa dks nwj djus dh fpUrk Hkh djrs

gSaA




111111

ct : M+ d k m¼kj

l ryqt l s i kj ct :M+ uked ,d xk¡o FkkA bl xk¡o ds vUnj ,d NksVh l h

x<+h FkhA xwt j rFkk jax?kM+ t kfr ds yksx bl xk¡o esa jgrs Fks vkSj ywVekj fd; k djrs

FksA ; g x<+h bUgsa bl dke ds fy, dkQh l gk; rk nsrh FkhA t c dHkh dksbZ ,dk/ xk¡o

feydj bul s dksbZ cnyk ysus ds fy, p<+dj vk t krk] rc ; s x<+h esa ckxh gksdj ; q¼

epk; k djrs vkSj x<+h ds Åi j l s nwj nwj rd rksi ksa dh ekj fd; k djrsA bUgksaus ,d

ckj fl [ kksa dh ,d l axr dks Hkh ywVkA yqV t kus ds ckn t c fl [ k vkuUni qj i gqaps vkSj

ogk¡ i j xq: t h dks i rk pyk rks vki us nks&rhu fnu rd dqN ugha dgkA fQj

vpkud p<+kbZ dj nh vkSj vc ds i Sny [ kkyl k l kFk ys fy; kA uksg xk¡o i j rks

?kqM+l okj l suk p<+dj xbZ] i jUrq ct :M+ i j i SnyA ekuksa ; gk¡ i j i Sny [ kkyl k dh

'kwjohjrk dh i jh{kk FkhA t c unh i kj t kdj Msjk Mkyk rks i afDr cukdj ct :M+ dh vksj

>qdsA yqVsjksa us ns[ kk fd [ kkyl k vk x; k gS vkSj mUgsa n.M nsus ds fy, vk; k gSA 'kh?kzrk

l s rksi sa ysdj ?kjksa ds Åi j p<+ x, vkSj Åi j l s gh yxs ekj djusA budk mís' ; ; g

Fkk fd fl a?k xk¡o ds ut nhd u vk l dsaA dqN t oku x<+h i j t k p<s+ vkSj ml dh

Å¡pkbZ l s xksfy; k¡ pykus yxsA budh xksyh nwj nwj rd i gq¡prh FkhA bl h r jg dqN

eupys ja?kM+ vkxs l s : dkoV Mkyus ds fy, xk¡o ds }kj ds ckgj vk [ kM+s gq, vkSj rksi sa

nkxus yxsA ja?kM+ksa dk ; q¼ dk ; g <ax cM+h prqjkbZ okyk Fkk] i j [ kkyl k Hkh dksbZ de

ugha Fkk] x<+h dh vksj l s vk jgh xksyh dk] t gk¡ rd l aHko gksrk] cpko djrs vkSj ; fn

xksyh yx Hkh t krh rks Mjus ds LFkku i j xqLl s esa vkdj vkSj xksfy; k¡ pykrs] ft uds

fu'kkus vkxs l s jksdus okys ja?kM+ksa i j Bhd cSBrs] i j os Hkh rks MVs [ kM+s FksA bl cjkcj

ds ; q¼ esa vi us l suki fr dk l adsr i kdj [ kkyl k us vpkud / kok cksy fn; k vkSj x<+h

dh vksj l s vk jgh xksyh dh r fud Hkh i jokg u dhA ft l s xksyh yxh og fxj x; k]

' ks"k vkxs c<+rs pys x, vkSj bl r jg ' k=kq ds fl j i j i gqapdj gkFkksa gkFk ?kekl ku ; q¼

epk fn; kA bl s l gu u djrs gq, ja?kM+ xwt jksa ds ?kjksa esa t k ?kql s vkSj dqN x<+h esa t k

?kql sA vc fl D[ kksa us muds fu'kkus cka/ s vkSj bl r jg x<+h ds i kl i gq¡p x,A bl r jg




112112

pkj ?kM+h ?kekl ku ; q¼ gqvkA t c fl a?k x<+h ds }kj i j t k i gqaps vkSj yxs njokt s dksmM+kus] rks x<+h ds Hkhr j ' k=kq us l e> fy; k fd fl D[ k x<+h ds Hkhr j ?kql vk; saxs vkSjl cdks dRy dj nsaxsA rc mUgksaus Åi j l s gh l fU/ dk >.Mk Qgjk fn; k vkSj xksyhpykuk can dj fn; kA [ kkyl us us Hkh vc xksyhckjh can dj nhA fQj x<+h esa l s l cdksfudky dj xq:nso ds vkxs i zLrqr fd; kA vki us vkKk dh fd l kjs ' kL=k ,d t xgbDV~Bs dj nks vkSj vi us gkFkksa l s x<+h dks fxjk nks vkSj ywV&ekj dk eky okfi l djnks vkSj vkxs ds fy, dkuksa dks gkFk yxkvksA ; fn fQj dHkh ,sl k dke fd; k rks bl l sHkh vf/ d n.M fn; k t k,xkA ja?kM+ksa us l c dqN eku fy; kA vr% bl i zdkj t kfyeyqVsjksa ds xk¡o i j fot ; i zkIr djds [ kkyl k dk i Sny ny vkuUni qj okfi l vk x; kA

bl r jg dh [ kkyl k dh fot ; ksa l s ml dk jksc l c vksj Nk x; kA l axrsa vcfcuk fdl h d"V ds vkus t kus yxh FkhaA vkl i kl dh det ksj i zt k Hkh l q[ k l s jgusyxh FkhA bl r jg ds t ks ; q¼ Fks] os deZ ds fy, FksA [ kkyl k i zt k ds fy, U;k; rFkk

l q[ k ds fy, dk; Z dj jgk FkkA

HkkbZ t ; fl a?k

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa vusd fo}ku rFkk dfo l q' kksfHkr gksrs FksAdfo; ksa esa l s 52 ds uke i zfl ¼ gSaA buesa l s dbZ fnekxh peRdkjksa ds i zoh.k fo}ku xzaFkksadh Vhdk rFkk dfork fy[ krs FksA dbZ fo}ku ; k rks ogk¡ gh LFkkbZ : i esa jgrs ; k l sokesa yx dj vkKk i kdj ckgj l sok djus ds fy, pys t krs vFkok i zse dh ck<+ esa foàygksdj mPp vkfRed jaxksa esa t hou&eqfDr dk jl ysrsA bu i zsfe; ksa esa ,d HkkbZ t ;fl a?k t h FksA vki ct Hkk"kk ds i zoh.k dfo Fks vkSj ogk¡ vi uh i zoh.krk dk ewY; kdaudjokus x, FksA l Pps xq: dh vuUr | qfr dks ns[ kdj eksfgr gks x,A brus eksfgr gq,fd dfork dk ewY; kadu rks Hkwy x; k] dfork ds mPpkn'kZ dh i zkfIr gqbZ vkSj ykS/ kjhcu x,A ,d fnu ,d fl D[ k us dgk] gs xq:nso ! t ; fl ag t h ges'kk eXu jgrs gSa] bUgsa; q¼ksa esa l kFk pyus dh vkKk nh t k,A l Pps oS| t h us dgk] ¶bl xksV dks i zse dh

pkSl j esa fojg ds ?kj esa i fji Do gksuk gSA nwl jhi zkr% l rxq: t h us vkKk dh ¶t ; fl ag

! vi us ns'k esa i fjokj esa t kdj jgks vkSj ogk¡ è; ku eXu jgksA




113113

fi z; re dh vkKk i j gk; ! dBksj vkKk ! i zk.k l s fcNqM+us okyh vkKk vki s l s

nwj gksus dh vkKk dks fl j ekFks i j j[ kk vkSj ?kj i gqapsA nks rhu o"kZ fojg dks >syk vr%

; k rks HkkbZ t h t kurs gSa] ; k rks xq: fi z; re t kurs gSaA vc fQj cqykok vk; k rks fi z; re

t h ds n'kZu i zkIr djds r Ir gq, fo; ksx esa t ks dkfQ; ka rFkk nwl js Nan i at kch Hkk"kk esa

jps Fks] cgqr gh fojg Hkjs Fks] i j vc os l e; dh / wy esa [ kks pqds gSaA

Hkkyw d ks eks{k i znku

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa l nSo pgy&i gy cuh jgrhA ,d fnu

vkuUni qj uxj esa ,d dyanj ,d Hkkyw ysdj vk; kA og LFkku LFkku i j Hkkyw ds

djrc fn[ kk; k djrk Fkk vkSj mnji wfrZ ds fy, n' kZdksa l s fHk{kk ekax ysrk FkkA ml s Kkr

gqvk fd bl uxjh ds Lokeh cgqr mnkjfpr gSa] og mu l Hkh yksxksa dks l Eekfur djrs

gSa t ks ohjrk ds djrc fn[ krk gSA vr% xq: njckj esa mi fLFkr gqvk vkSj fourh djus

yxk fd vki vodk'k ds l e; esjk djrc ns[ ksaA eSa fo'kkydk; Hkkyw l s ey&; q¼

djrk gw¡A xq:nso us vkKk i znku dj nhA ,d fo'ks"k LFkku i j Hkkyw ds [ ksyksa dk

vk; kst u fd; k x; kA Hkkyw us HkkfUr HkkfUr ds uR; fn[ kk; s vkSj vUr esa dyanj ds l kFk

gqvk ey&; q¼A ey&; q¼ dks ns[ kdj l Hkh fl D[ k l sod ns[ kdj g¡l us yxsA xq:nso

t h dk paoj cjnkj HkkbZ dhjfr ; k cgqr t ksj t ksj l s f[ kyf[ kyk dj g¡l kA ml dh

vl kekU; g¡l h ns[ kdj xq:nso us ml i j i z'u fd; kA dhjfr ; k t h vki us i gpkuk gS ; g

Hkkyw dkSu gS \ bl i j dhjfr ; k ' kkUr gksdj dgus yxk] ugha xq:nso ! eSa bl s dSl s

i gpku l drk gw¡] eSa dksbZ vUrZ; keh rks gw¡ ughaA xq:nso us ml s crk; k fd ; g Hkkyw

rqEgkjk fi rk gSA ; g mÙkj l qudj HkkbZ dhjfr ; k¡ cgqr i js' kku gqvk vkSj xq:nso l s dgus

yxk fd esjs fi rk rks xq: ?kj l s l sod FksA og xq: rsx cgknqj t h ds l e; esa Hkh l sok

esa l efi Zr jgrs Fks] t Sl k fd vki Hkh t kurs gSaA gekjs i woZt dbZ i hf<+; ksa l s fl D[ kh t hou

t h jgs gSaA ; fn i w.kZ l efi Zr l sodksa dks ej.kksi jkUr Hkkyw dh ; ksfu gh feyrh gS rks fQj

xq: ?kj dh l sok djus dk D; k ykHk \




114114

HkkbZ dhjfr ; ka dh ft Kkl k vkSj nqfo/ k ' kkUr djus ds fy, xq:nso t h us mUgsa

crk; k] fd vki ds fi rk l sok esa rks l ayXu jgrs Fks fdUrq mu ds ân; esa vfHkeku

vk x; k Fkk fd eSa Js"B fl D[ k gw¡ bl fy, og t u&l k/ kj.k dk vi us dM+os opuksa l s

vi ekfur dj nsrs FksA ,d fnu dqN cSyxkfM+; k¡ ft l esa xqM+ ynk gqvk Fkk] vi us y{;

dh vksj t k jgh FkhA buds pkydka dks t c ekywe gqvk fd ; gk¡ xq: rsx cgknqj t h

i zpkj nkSjs i j vk; s gq, gSa rks og rqjUr vi uh cSyxkfM+; k¡ pyrh gqbZ NksM+dj n'kZuksa

vFkok i zl kn i zkfIr ds fopkj l s vk; sA ml l e; vki ds fi rk t h l s mUgksaus vuqjks/

fd; k fd gesa Hkh i zl kn nsus dh di k djsaA og ml l e; l axr esa i zl kn for j.k dj jgs

FksA mUgksaus bu eSys dqpSys di M+s okys xq: ds fl D[ kksa dks dBksj ' kCnksa esa dgk & i hNs

gV dj [ kM+s jgks ckjh vkus i j i zl kn feysxkA fdUrq os fl D[ k t Ynh esa Fks D; ksafd mudh

cSy xkfM+; k¡ pyrs gq, vkxs c<+rh t k jgh FkhA vr% mUgksaus i qu% vkxs c<+dj i zl kn i zkIr

djus dk i z; Ru fd; kA bl ckj vki ds fi rk xq:nkl t h us mUgsa cgqr cqjh r jg fQVdkj

yxkbZ vkSj dgk & D; ksa jhN dh r jg vkxs c<+rs pys vk jgs gks] l cz djks] i zl kn fey

t k; sxkA bl i j mu fl D[ kksa us ogha i j fxjs gq, i zl kn dk ,d d.k mBkdj cgqr J¼k

l s l sou dj fy; k vkSj t krs gq, dgk & ge jhN ugha rqe jhN gksA t ks HkDrt uksa l s

vHknz O; ogkj djrs gksA cl ogh vfHk'kki rqEgkjs fi rk dks jhN (Hkkyw) ; ksfu esa

ej.kksi jkUr ys vk; kA fdUrq xq: ds fl D[ k Fks] bl fy, vc vPNs deZQy ds dkj.k

xq: njckj esa mi fLFkr gq, gSaA

; g oÙkUr l qudj HkkbZ dhjfr ; ka t h xq:nso t h ds pj.kksa esa ysV x; s vkSj

i zkFkZuk djus yxs fd gs xq:nso ! dSl s Hkh gks esjs fi rk dks {kek nku djds eks{k i znku

djsaA xq:nso us HkDr ds vuqjks/ ds dkj.k ml dyanj l s og Hkkyw [ kjhn fy; k vkSj

dM+kg i zl kn rS; kj djokdj l eLr l axr dks ml ds dY; k.k ds fy, i zkFkZuk djus dks

dgk & i zkFkZuk l ekIr gksus i j Hkkyw dks i zl kn l sou djok; k x; kA t Sl s gh Hkkyw us

i zl kn l sou fd; k og dqN gh nsj esa ' kjhj R; kx x; k vkSj cSdq.B / ke dks pyk x; kA

xq:nso us ml Hkkyw dk euq"; ksa dh r jg vfUre l ¡Ldkj dj fn; kA




115115

d kt +h l ykjnhu d h vk' kad k fuoÙk

vkuUni qj uxj ds fudV ,d l ykjnhu uked dkt +h jgrk FkkA og Jh xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k t h l s HksaVokrkZ djus i zk; % vkrk jgrk FkkA ml s xq:nso ds l kFk vkè; kfRed

fo"k; ksa i j ppkZ djus i j cgqr l Urqf"V i zkIr gksrh FkhA vr% u pkgrs gq, Hkh xq:nso dh

i zfrHkk l s i zHkkfor [ khapk pyk vkrk FkkA ,d ckj ml dh mi fLFkfr esa i ksBgkj {ks=k dh

l axr cgqr cM+s dkfQys esa vi uh J¼k l qeu ysdj mi fLFkr gbZA l Hkh L=kh i q: "kksa us

xq:nso dks n.Mor~ i z.kke fd; k vkSj vi uh vewy; oLrq,a t ks mi gkj esa yk; s Fks] HksaV

dh rFkk vi uh vi uh euksdkeuk,a vFkok ft Kkl k,a xq:nso ds l e{k j[ khA xq:nso us

l Hkh dh l eL; kvksa dk l ek/ ku djrs x; sA dbZ; ksa dks vk'kh"k nh fd vki dh

euksdkeuk,a xq: ukud ds njckj esa vo' ; gh i w.kZ gksaxhA ; g ns[ kdj fudV cSBs gq,

dkt +h l ykjnhu ds eu esa ' kadk mRi Uu gqbZ fd l Hkh n'kZukFkhZ dh euksdkeuk,a fdl

i zdkj i w.kZ gksxh t cfd xq:nso Lo; ¡ gh crkrs gSa fd fo/ krk us t ks HkkX; esa fy[ kk gS]

dksbZ feVk ugha l drk\ fQj ; g vk'kh"k dSl s QyhHkwr gksxk\

ml us vi uh vk'kadk dk mÙkj i kus ds fy, xq:nso l s fdl h vU; fnu ,dkUr

ds l e; ; gh i z'u j[ kk vkSj i wNk fd xq:nso t h D; k vki l axr dk eku j[ kus ds fy,

mudks vk'kh"k nsrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd rsjh euksdkeuk,a i w.kZ gksaxh vFkok fo/ krk ds

fu; eksa ds fo:¼ gks Hkh t krh gSA bl mY>s gq, i z'u dks l qudj xq:nso us ,d eksgj

e¡xokbZ vkSj dkt +h ds gkFkksa esa ns dj dgk & bl ds v{kjksa dks è; ku l s ns[ kksaA ; g l c

mYVs gSa fdUrq L; kbZ yxkdj dkxt + i j i z; ksx djus l s bl dh Ni kbZ l h/ h gks t krh gS]

Bhd bl h i zdkj l k/ &l axr vFkok xq: t uksa ds i kl vkus i j efLr"d ds ys[ k l h/ s gks

t krs gSaA ; fn O; fDr xq: i j J¼k j[ krk gS vkSj xq: dh di k ds i k=k cuus dk i z; kl

djrk gSA




116116

[ kkyl s d h ekr k

i f' pe i ¡t kc ds ft yk : grkl l s ,d fl D[ kksa dk dkfQyk xq: n'kZuksa dks

vkuUni qj vk; kA bl dkfQys esa jkew uked ,d HkDrx.k vi uh ;qok i q=kh l kgc nsoh

dks ysdj xq: njckj esa mi fLFkr gq,A mUgksaus xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk dh fd gs

xq:nso ! esjh bl dU; k us vki dks ân; l s Lokeh eku fy; k gSA vr% og pkgrh gS fd

vki ml s oj.k djs vU; Fkk og l eLr t hou dqaokjh jgsxhA mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk &

vc geus czãp; Z ozr ys fy; k gSA vr% ge fookg ugha dj l drsA bl i j HkDr jkew

cksyk ; fn vki esjh dU; k dk oj.k ugha djsaxs rks Hkh bl l s dksbZ vU; O; fDr fookg

ugha djsxk D; ksafd LFkkuh; yksx bl s vki dh vekur t kudj ekrk t h] ekrk t h

dgdj l Ecks/ u djrs gSaA xq:nso xEHkhj gks x; s vkSj mUgksaus l eL; k dk l ek/ ku djrs

gq, dgk & ; fn rqEgkjh dU; k dqaokjs Mksys ( l EcU/ jfgr i fRu) ds : i esa gekjs i kl

jg l drh gS rks ml s ge vi us egyksa esa fuokl dh vkKk nsrs gSaA l kgc nsoh us rqjUr

l gefr i znku dj nhA bl i zdkj xq:nso dk ,d vkSj fookg gks x; kA dqN l e; ds

vUr jky esa ,d fnu xq:nso ds l e{k l kgc nsoh us vi us ân; esa fNi h osnuk crkbZ

fd og Hkh l qUnjh dh r jg ek¡ dgykuk pkgrh gSA ml dh Hkh bPNk gS fd ml dh xksnh

esa l Urku gksA xq:nso us dgk & ; g bPNk ukjh esa LokHkkfod gksrh gh gSA vr% l e;

vkus i j ge rqe dks ,d ,sl k i q=k i znku djsaxs t ks dHkh Hkh ejsxk ugha vkSj jgrh nqfu; ka

rd rsjk uke vej j[ ksxkA ; g vk'okl u i zkIr dj l kgc nsoh t h l Urq"V gks xbZA t c

xq:nso us [ kkyl k i aFk dh l t uk dh rks mUgksaus [ kkyl k i aFk dks ekrk l kgc nsoka (dkSj)

dh xksnh esa Mky fn; k vkSj vk'kh"k i znku dh fd [ kkyl k rqEgkjk i q=k vej jgsxk vkSj

ekuork ds fgrksa dh j{kk fu"dke Hkko l s l nSo djrk jgsxkA

el an Js. kh i j i zfr cU/

fl D[ k i aFk dk ny cU/ u <kapk t ks xq: ukud nso t h ds l e; / eZ'kkyk*

rFkk l axr ds : i esa ' kq: gqvk vkSj xq: vejnkl t h ds l e; el an* Js.kh ds usrÙo




117117

esa foLrkj djus esa l Qy gks x; kA el an (fe'kujh) Js.kh ds LFkkfi r gksus l s fl D[ k i aFkrFkk fl D[ k / eZ ,d O; ofLFkr l axfBr <kaps esa ca/ dj mHkjkA ft l l s fl D[ k / eZ dki zpkj rFkk vkfFkZd i zcU/ ,d l kFk l Qyrk l s dk;Zjr jgus yxsA bl i zdkj l axrksa dknl oa/ (n'keka'k) mfpr fof/ l s xq: njckj esa i gqapus yxk vkSj bl l a; qDr dks"k l st udY; k.k ds dk; Z rFkk nhu&nqf[ k; ksa dh i wjh r jg l gk; rk gksus yxhA pkSFks ukud l sukSosa ukud rd bl el an Js.kh us cgqr i z' kal uh; dk; Z fd; kA nl osa ukud ds l e; Hkhbl Js.kh dk dk; Z fdl h gn rd Bhd gh Fkk i jUrq t Sl s t Sl s p; u fd; s gq, el anksa dsLFkku i j muds mÙkjkf/ dkjh vFkkZr mudh l arkus vkuh ' kq: gks xbZ rks bl Js.kh esafxjkoV vk xbZ vkSj ; g i ru dh vksj vxzl j gks x; sA nku ds eky ds dkj.k os dqNgn rd csbZeku vkSj vi jk/ h curs pys x; sA

,d ckj ,d ' kqHk vol j i j euksjat u ds dk; ZØeksa dk vk; kst u fd; k x; kAft l esa HkkaM yksxksa us (ukSVadh okys) el anksa dh udy dj fn[ kkbZA ; g dk; ZØe Lo; ¡xq:nso x.kekU; vfr fFk; ksa ds l ax ns[ k jgs FksA mUgksaus el anksa dks yqVsjs] Bx] ?ke.Mh]csbZeku] cnpyu rFkk ,Õ; k'k t Sl k n'kkZ; kA ml l e; xq:nso ds fudV HkkbZ ukuwajke]fnyokyh (nhoku njckjk fl ag t RFksnkj ds fi rk) cSBs gq, FksA mUgksaus Hkh el anksa ds uhpvkpj.k dh HkkaMks ds [ ksy ds l kFk l gefr i zdV dh rFkk dqN vU; t kudkfj; kaxq:nso dks nhA ; g l c l qudj xq:nso ds jksaxVs [ kM+s gks x; sA bl i j mUgksaus rqjUr vkns'kfn; k fd l Hkh el anksa dks gekjs njckj esa cka/ dj yk; k t k,A bl dk; Z ds fy, fofHkUu{ks=kksa esa t okuksa dks Hkst k x; kA dqN gh fnuksa esa l Hkh el an vkuUni qj i gqap x; sA xq:nsous ckjh ckjh l Hkh el anksa dh i jh{kk yh vkSj muds {ks=k dh l axr l s i wNrkN dhA t ksel an csbZeku fudys] mudks dBksj n.M fn; s x; s fdUrq t ks el an i jh{kk esa l Qy gq,mudks fl jksi k ( i qjLdkj) fn; k x; kA ft udks xq: ?kj dh r jQ l s l Eekfur fd; k x; kAmuesa HkkbZ c[ kr eYy l wjh (t ykyi qj t V~Vka)] HkkbZ jkvks dEcks (nhi kyi qj)] HkkbZt ks/ (dekyh; k)] HkkbZ nqxkZnkl gt kcr (nqcqjt h L; kydksV)] HkkbZ rqyl hnkl Nhck(fnYyh) vkSj HkkbZ Qs: t h (ehvka dh ekSM+ ykgkSj) FksA

HkkbZ Qs: t h dks xq: njckj esa cka/ dj ykus dh fdl h dh fgEer ugha gqbZA og

Lo; a gh vi uh nkM+h vi us gkFkksa l s i dM+ dj njckj esa mi fLFkr gks x; sA rc ys[ kkdkj




118118

us crk; k fd HkkbZ Qs: dh r jQ l s nl oa/ fu; fer : i l s ugha i gqaprkA ; g

l qudj xq:nso us dgk bl xq:eq[ k dh vksj dksbZ cdk; k ugha gSA bl us dHkh vekur

esa [ ; kur ugha dhA bl ds Å¡ps o fueZy vkpj.k dh rks i wjs {ks=k esa yksx l k{kh gSaA gesa

i rk pyk gS fd ; g uaxksa dks di M+k o Hkw[ kksa dks vukt nsrk jgk gSA xjhcksa dks fn; k

vUu o / u gesa l h/ s gh i gq¡p t krk gSA vkt l s l Hkh t ku yksfd xjhc dk eq¡g xq:

dh xksyd gh gS*A ; fn vki us fdl h t : jrean dh l gk; rk dh rks og l h/ k gekjs

[ kt kus esa i gqap t krk gSA

bl ?kVuk ds i ' pkr~ xq:nso us ,d fo'ks"k vè; kns'k t kjh djds el an Js.kh

l ekIr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh vkSj dgk & vkxkeh l e; esa dksbZ Hkh fl D[ k vi uk

nl oa/ HksaVk el anksa dks u nsdj l h/ s xq: njckj esa Hkst s D; ksafd el anksa }kjk HksaV Lohdkj

ugha dh t k; sxhA ml fnu l s eè; LFk dks ckgj fudky fn; k vkSj xq: f' k"; dk l h/ k

l EcU/ LFkkfi r dj fn; k x; kA

uknkSu d k ; q¼

l c i gkM+h jkt k eqxy ckn'kkg dks dj nsrs FksA i zfro"kZ ; g dj ,d=k djus dk

dk; Z ykgkSj dk l wcsnkj djrk FkkA i gkM+h jkt k vi uk vi uk va'knku ykgkSj i gqapk nsrs

Fks] ogka dk uokc og l ewpk / u fnYyh vkSjaxt sc ds [ kt kus esa i gqapk nsrk FkkA rhu

pkj o"kZ rd ; g / u ckn'kkg dks ugha i gqapk] D; ksafd jkt kvksa us / u ykgkSj rd

i gqapk;k gh u FkkA ckn'kkg us ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj dks l ans'k Hkst k rFkk dj dh jkf' k ekaxhA

l wcsnkj foo'k Fkk] ml ds i kl / u i gqapk gh ugha FkkA vkSjaxt sc cM+k l ansg'khy ckn'kkg

FkkA ml us l kspk fd t : j ykgkSj dk l wcsnkj / u dk vuqfpr i z; ksx dj jgk gS] bl fy,

ml dk neu vfuok; Z gSA vr% ckn'kkg us ' kkgh l suk ds nks l suki fr ; ksa eh; ka [ kka rFkk

t qfYQdkjvyh [ kka dks cM+h l suk nsdj ykgkSj Hkst fn; kA ykgkSj dk l wcsnkj fLFkfr l s

?kcjk x; k] fdUrq ckn'kkg rd i gqapkus ds fy, / u rks ml ds i kl ugha FkkA

l wcsnkj us l kjh ckr l suki fr ; ksa dks crk nhA i fj.kker% eh; ka[ kka rks t Eew dh vksj

dj mxkgus ds fy, py i M+k vkSj b/ j dkaxM+k dh vksj ds i gkM+h jkt kvksa l s mxkgh




119119

djus ds fy, l wcsnkj us vi us Hkrht s vfyQ[ kka dks cM+h l suk nsdj Hkst fn; kA

vfyQ[ kka l h/ k dkaxM+k i gq¡pkA dkaxM+k dk jkt k di ky pUn fLFkfr dks l e> x; k vkSj

yM+us esa vi us dks vl eFkZ ekudj ml us dj dh cdk; k jkf' k vfyQ[ kka dks nsdj {kek

ekax yhA l kFk gh vi uh i qjkuh ' k=kqrk dk cnyk ysus ds fy, ml us ml s HkhepUn ds

fo:¼ HkM+dk fn; kA bl nq"deZ esa ml dk l kFk i M+ksl h jkT; fc>M+oky ds jkt k n; ky

pUn us fn; kA bu nksuksa us HkhepUn ds fo:¼ yM+us ds fy, vfyQ[ kka ds l kFk ; q¼ Hkwfe

i j pyus dk Hkh i zLrko Lohdkj fd; kA

vfyQ[ kka di ky pUn o n; ky pUn dh l a; qDr l sukvksa us dfgywj dh l hek

i j unh rV ds i kl Å¡ph t xg i j uknkSu esa vi us ekspsZ cuk fy,A l kFk gh mUgksaus

ydM+h ds r [ rksa dh ,d yEch ckM+ cuk yh vkSj ml ds i hNs l s xksfy; ksa vkSj ck.kksa dks

'k=kq l suk i j cjl kus dk vk; kst u dj fy; kA ; q¼ dh i wjh rS; kjh dj ysus ds i ' pkr~

vfyQ[ kka us HkhepUn ds i kl l ans'k Hkst kA rqeus dbZ o"kksZ ds dj dh jkf' k dk Hkqxrku

ugha fd; kA vr% ,dne l kjh jde dk Hkqxrku djks vU; Fkk gekjh l suk,a dfgywj dh

l hek i j i gq¡p pqdh gSA ge rqEgkjs jkT; i j vkØe.k djds rqEgsa canh cuk ysaxs vkSj

pkSxq.kh jkf' k ysdj gh rqEgsa NksM+k t k,xkA ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj rFkk ckn'kkg vkSjaxt s+c dh

r jQ l s vki dks l ko/ ku fd; k t krk gS] mfpr mÙkj u feyus dh l wjr esa jkT; i j

vkØe.k dj fn; k t k,xkA

HkhepUn dks ; g Hkh i rk py x; k Fkk fd ml ds i M+ksl h jkt k di kypUn vkSj

n; kypUn Hkh vfyQ[ kka dh l gk; rk ds fy, l kFk vk; s gSaA og fLFkfr l s vkrafdr gks

mBkA ml ds i kl ns; jkf' k Hkh mi yC/ ugha Fkh] vU; Fkk dj dk Hkqxrku djds bl

eql hcr l s NqVdkjk i k ysrkA ; q¼ ds ckny l keus f?kjrs gq, fn[ kkbZ nsus yxs] vr%

bl dk dksbZ fodYi u i kdj ml us Hkh yM+us dh rS; kjh ' kq: dj nhA vi us fe=k jkt kvksa

dh l gk; rk ds fy, cqykus dks l ans'kokgd nkSM+k fn,A rHkh ml ds eU=kh us ml s xq:nso

dh ; kn fnykbZA vki vkuUni qj ds xq: xksfcUn fl ag dks vi uh l gk; rk ds fy, D; ksa

ugha cqykrsA mUgksaus rks vki dks eqxyksa ds fo:¼ dqN Hkh l gk; rk dk opu fn; k FkkA

dfgywj ujs' k dks xq:nso dh l gk; rk l s ; q¼ t hruk LokfHkeku ds fo:¼ i zrhr




120120

gqvk] fdUrq ejrk D; k u djrk] xq:nso dks fueU=.k fHkt ok fn; k x; kA xq:nso usl ans'kokgd dks ; g dgdj ykSVk fn; k fd os ,dne ml ds i hNs i hNs gh ; q¼ Hkwfe esai gq¡p jgs gSaA HkhepUn fuHkZ; gksdj yksgk ysA m/ j HkhepUn ds eu esa ; g Fkk fd xq:nsods i gq¡pus l s i gys gh ; fn og vfyQ[ kka i j fot ; i k t k; s] rks bl l s xq:nso i j ,dckj rks ml dh / kd cSB l dsxhA ; gh l ksp dj og xq:nso ds i gq¡pus l s i gys ghvfyQ[ kka dh l sukvksa l s t k Vdjk; kA vfyQ&di ky&n; ky dh l a; qDr l suk usydM+h dh ck<+ ds ml i kj l s xksfy; ksa vkSj rhjksa dh bruh ckSNkj dh fd HkhepUn dhl suk ds vl a[ ; l Sfud dke vk x; sA

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k vi us ' kwjohjksa ds l kFk t c ; q¼ Hkwfe i j i gq¡ps rks mUgksausHkhepUn dh nqxZfr gksrs ns[ khA l kFk gh mUgksaus ; g Hkh egl wl fd; k fd vfHkeku gksusds dkj.k gh og fi V jgk Fkk] bl fy, i gys rks xq:nso pqi pki rek'kk ns[ krs jgs] fdUrqHkhepUn dh i zkFkZuk i j fQj vkxs c<+uk Lohdkj dj fy; kA xq:nso vi us pqus gq, ohjksadks l kFk ysdj xksfy; ksa vkSj rhjksa dh ckSNkjksa dh i jokg u djrs gq, rst h l s vkxs c<+sAydM+h dh ck<+ ds i hNs fNi s ' k=kq l Sfudksa dks fudkyus ds fy, Hkhr j vfXu&'kL=kpyk; s x; sA Hk; kud ;q¼ gqvkA jkt k n; kypUn xq:nso dh xksyh l s ekjk x; kA ml dsl Sfudksa dk l kgl Hkh ne rksM+us yxkA HkhepUn xq:nso dh ; q¼ dyk ns[ k ns[ k nkarks rysvaxqyh nck jgk FkkA xt c dh QqrhZ l s os vi us ?kksM+s dks pykrs] eksM+rs vkSj ' k=kq i {k i jpksV dj jgs FksA ' k=kq i {k i j / hjs / hjs fl D[ k l suk gkoh gks jgh FkhA rHkh l aè; k gks xbZ]jkf=k dk vU/ sjk pkjksa vksj fc[ kjus yxkA vfyQ[ kka dh l a; qDr l suk,a dkBckM+h ds i hNsfNi xbZA xq:nso rFkk HkhepUn dh l suk,a Hkh i hNs gV xbZ vkSj vxys fnu i zkr%t ksjnkj vkØe.k dh ; kst uk cukus yxhaA m/ j l a; qDr l sukvksa us vkt dh djkjh pksVdk et k i k fy; k Fkk] bl fy, vxys fnu i qu% yM+us dk mudk l kgl gh ugha jgkA/ hjs / hjs jkr esa gh os l suk,a Hkkx [ kM+h gqbZA i zkr%dky t c xq:nso dh l sukvksa usl rJhvdky* dk t ; dkjk cqyan dj vkØe.k dh rS; kjh dh rks ogka 'k=kq dh

vuqi fLFkfr dk i rk pykA jkt k HkhepUn us vi uh fot ; dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA Hkhr j l sog Mj Hkh jgk Fkk fd vfyQ[ kka vf/ d dqeqd ysdj vk,xk vkSj ml ds jkT; dh uhosafgyk nsxkA vr% ml us xq:nso l s i jke'kZ fd; s fcuk gh di ky pUn dks l af/ dk l ans'kfHkt ok fn; kA xq:nso dks t c HkhepUn dh bl dk; jrk dk i rk pyk rks mUgsa nq[ k gqvkvkSj os Hkh pqi pki okfi l vkuUni qj dks pys vk; sA




121121

xqysj d s ; q¼ esa xq: nso d k l g; ksx

vfyQ[ kka uknkSu dh yM+kbZ esa cqjh r jg i jkft r gqvk FkkA HkhepUn fot ; h

gksdj Hkh dk; jrko'k di kypUn l s l af/ djus Hkkxk FkkA l af/ dh ppkZ esa ml us vi uk

l kjk nks"k xq:nso ds ekFks e<+ dj di ky dks i zl Uu dj fy; k Fkk vkSj nksuksa vUr jax fe=k

gks x; s FksA mudh fe=krk ds i hNs mudh di Vi w.kZ i zofr Fkh] vr% i fj.kke Hkh

Nydi Ve; gksuk vo' ; EHkkoh gh FkkA vfyQ[ kka i jkft r gksdj t c ykgkSj i gq¡pk rks

l wcsnkj us ml s [ kwc cqjk Hkyk dgkA bl i jkt ; l s ,d i zdkj l s ckn'kkg dh i zfr"Bk dks

/ Ddk i gq¡pk Fkk] bl fy, ykgkSj dk l wcsnkj nksckjk vf/ d ' kfDr l s / kok djuk pkgrk

FkkA

uknkSu dk ; q¼ l u~ 1689 esa gqvk Fkk] vxys gh o"kZ ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj dk Øks/

xqysj jkT; ds jkt k xksi ky i j mr jkA vkØe.k dh ; kst uk t c cu jgh Fkh] rHkh l wcsnkj

ds ,d i qjkus l Sfud gql Suh us vi us vki dks bl dk; Z ds fy, i zLrqr fd; k vkSj l wcsnkj

dks i gkM+h jkt kvksa dks nf.Mr djus dk i wjk fo'okl fnyk; kA l wcsnkj eku x; kA gql Suh

,d cM+h l suk ysdj i oZr i zns'k dh vksj c<+kA ml dk fu'kkuk jkt k HkhepUn vkSj xq:

xksfcUn fl ag Fks] D; ksafd bUgha nksuksa ds dkj.k vfyQ[ kka uknkSu dk ;q¼ gkjk FkkA gql Suh

vi uh QkSt + ysdj dk¡xM+k ds jkLrs l s gh vkuUni qj dh vksj c<+kA dk¡xM+k esa t c gql Suh

dk i M+ko i M+k rks di Vh di ky pUn us i qu% i qjkuk gFkdaMk vi uk; kA ml us gql Suh dks

Hkh dqN / u nsdj ml l s fe=krk dj yhA dfgywj dk jkt k HkhepUn di ky l s i gys gh

l af/ dj pqdk FkkA og Hkh ogha i gqap x; k vkSj nksuksa us feydj gql Suh dks i Ddk

fo'okl fnyk fn; k fd mDr {ks=k esa >xM+s dh t M+ dsoy vkuUni qj okys xq:nso gSaA

mudk neu l eLr i gkM+h jkt kvksa }kjk ckn'kkg dh v/ hurk ds l eku gSA gql Suh dks

; g ckr eku ysus esa dksbZ ck/ k ugha Fkh] D; ksafd uknkSu esa xq:nso ds gh dkj.k vf/ d

i jkt ; dk eq¡g ns[ kuk i M+k FkkA vr% fu.kZ; fy; k x; k fd gql Suh dk¡xM+k l s l h/ s

vkuUni qj i j vkØe.k djsxk vkSj di ky rFkk HkhepUn bl dk; Z esa ml ds l g; ksxh

gksaxsA




122122

l sukvksa us vkuUni qj dh vksj dwp dj fn; kA xq:nso dks l wpuk i gq¡pkbZ xbZA xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k vUr ; kZeh Fks] vr% Hkkoh dks ns[ k l drs FksA eqLdqjkdj cksys] ns[ ksa] okfgxq:

dks D; k eat wj gS*A

gql Suh dh l suk,a vkuUni qj i gq¡pus l s i woZ xqysj jkT; ds fudV i gq¡ph] rks

HkhepUn dks xqysj ds jkt k xksi ky l s vi uk dksbZ i qjkuk oSj ; kn vk x; kA ml us

frdM+e l s gql Suh dks xqysj jkT; dks ywV ysus ds fy; s rS; kj dj fy; kA xksi ky us Hkkoh

nqHkkZX; l s cpus ds fy, gql Suh ds f' foj esa mi fLFkr gksdj i kap gt kj : i ; s nsdj vi uk

i hNk NqM+okuk pkgkA gql Suh rks ' kk; n i k¡p gt kj esa gh eku t krk] fdUrq di ky vkSj

HkhepUn vf/ d di Vh FksA mUgksaus gql Suh dks nl gt kj dh ekax djus dks i zsfjr fd; kA

xksi ky ds i kl bruh jkf' k ugha Fkh] fdUrq f' kfoj l s cp fudyus dh [ kkfr j ml us vf/

d jkf' k dk i zcU/ djus ds cgkus ogka l s NqVdkjk i k; k vkSj Hkkxdj vi us nqxZ esa

l qjf{kr gks x; kA l kFk gh ml us xq:nso ds i kl l gk; rk dh i zkFkZuk fHkt ok nhA

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t kurs Fks fd gl Suh dh l suk,a ; fn xqysj dks u ?ksjrh] rks

l h/ s vkuUni qj i j gh p<+ vkrhaA rc yM+uk rks i M+rk gh] ,sl s esa D; ksa u xqysj dh

l gk; rk djds ; q¼ dks vkuUni qj l s nwj gh fui V fy; k t k; sA bl h fopkj l s xq:nso us

vi us ,d l suki fr HkkbZ l axfr ; k dks cgqr cM+h l a[ ; k esa ' kwjohj l Sfud nsdj xksi ky dh

enn dks Hkst kA vpkud fl D[ k dqeqd i gq¡pus l s di kypUn HkhepUn vkrafdr gks

mBsA os i kÅ¡Vk esa vkSj ckn esa ukSnku esa xq:nso dh ' kfDr ns[ k pqds FksA mUgksaus gql Suh

dks vkuUni qj l s i gys gh vi uh rkdr fc[ ksjus l s jksdk vkSj ml s fl [ kk fn; k fd yM+us

dh vi s{kk xksi ky l s i k¡p gt kj : i ; s gh ys yksA gql Suh us HkkbZ l axfr ; k ds i kl l ans'k

fHkt ok;k fd ; fn xksi ky i k¡p gt kj : i ; k ml s ns ns rks ; q¼ dh ekjdkV l s cpk t k

l drk gSA xqysj&ujs'k xksi ky rks i gys gh bl ' krZ ds fy, rS; kj Fkk] vr% ml us / u

nsuk Lohdkj dj fy; kA xksi ky ds l kFk HkkbZ l axfr ; k rFkk muds l kr ' kwjohj gql Suh ds

f' kfoj esa / u nsus ds fy, x,A HkkbZ l axfr ; k di ky vkSj Hkhe ds di V l s i fjfpr FksA

vr% fdl h Hkh fLFkfr ds fy, rRi j jguk t : jh l e>rs FksA mUgksaus vi us fl D[ k ' kwjohjksa

rFkk xksi ky dh l suk dks f' kfoj l s dqN nwj fcYdqy rS; kj jgus dks dg fn; k Fkk] ; q¼




123123

dHkh Hkh fNM+ l drk FkkA m/ j di Vh di ky vkSj Hkhe dh ; kst uk ,sl h Fkh fd os

f' kfoj esa gh xksi ky vkSj l axfr ; k dks fxjÝrkj dj ysuk pkgrs Fks & i k¡p gt kj dh

jkf' k ysdj xqysj dks vHk; nku nsus dh ckr rks cgkuk ek=k FkhA xqysj&ujs'k rFkk HkkbZ

l axfr ; k t c gql Suh f' fkoj esa i gq¡ps rks cnys gq, rsoj ns[ kdj l kjh ' kjkjr Hkkai x,A

mUgksaus t Ynh l s vi uh l ewph jkf' k l EHkkyh vkSj ' k=kq ds f' kfoj l s rst h l s ckgj fudysA

gql Suh dh l sukvksa us t c rd bUgsa ?ksjus dk i z; kl fd; k] fl D[ k l Sfudksa rFkk xksi ky dh

l sukvksa us mu i j / kok cksy fn; kA ckr dh ckr esa ?kekl ku ; q¼ fNM+ x; kA HkkbZ

l axfr ; k esa xq:nso dk mRl kg vkSj vfer i zsj.kk dwV dwV dj Hkjh Fkh] vr% og Hkw[ ks

fl ag dh r jg ' k=kq i {k i j VwVrk vkSj ft / j l s fudyrk] dVs eqaMksa vkSj rM+i rs dca/

ksa ds <sj yx t krsA Ms<+ nks ?kaVs ds gh fu.kkZ; d ; q¼ l s ' k=kq dh fl V~Vh&fi V~Vh Hkwy xbZA

Lo; ¡ gql Suh vkSj di ky pUn ; q¼ esa [ ksr jgsA xqysj i {k l s HkkbZ l axfr ; k vkSj vusd fl ag

l wjek dke vk,A jkT; dh l suk ds Hkh l SadM+ksa l Sfud ekjs x; sA ' k=kq i {k dks Hkkjh

t ugkfu mBkuh i M+hA ; q¼ ds eq[ ; usrkvksa dh eR; q ns[ kdj vU; yksx / hjs / hjs

f[ kl dus yxsA HkhepUn vkSj vU; l g; ksxh jkt k gql Suh dh eR; q i j i hNs gVus yxs vkSj

nks gh ?kaVs ds ckn ; q¼ Hkwfe l s ' k=kq i {k Hkkx pqdk FkkA xqysfj; ka xksi ky dks vi woZ fot ;

i zkIr gqbZA ; q¼ dk l keku Hkh Hkkjh ek=kk esa ml ds gkFk yxkA

xksi ky us xq:nso ds ' kwjohjksa dk nkg&l aLdkj cM+s l Eeku ds l kFk ogha dj fn; k

vkSj Lo; ¡ vkHkkj i zdV djus ds fy, ogk¡ l s l h/ s vkuUni qj i gq¡pkA xq:nso us ml ds

vkxeu i j cM+s l Rdkji w.kZ <ax l s Lokxr fd; k vkSj ml s ' kkgkuk l Eeku i znku fd; kA

xqysj ds ; q¼ esa gql Suh vkSj di ky dh eR; q rFkk i gkM+h jkt kvksa ds ; q¼Hkwfe l s i jkft r

gksdj Hkkx t kus l s ,d vksj rks xqysj jkT; dk egÙo c<+ x; kvkSj nwl jh vksj xq:

xksfcUn fl ag eqxyksa dh vk¡[ k esa dk¡Vs dh r jg pqeus yxsA t gk¡ vkuUni qj dh 'kfDr l s

i gkM+h jkt k dkai us yxs] ogha vkuUni qj ges'kk ds fy, eqxyksa dk fu'kkuk cu x; kA

gql Suh dh eR; q dh l wpuk i kdj ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj us vi us i q=k dks i k¡p gt kj

l Sfud nsdj xq:nso ds fo:¼ Hkst k] fdUrq og vkuUni qj ds fudV vkdj gh ykSV

x; kA xq:nso i j vkØe.k djus dk ml dk l kgl ugha gqvkA l wcsnkj us ml s cqjk Hkyk




124124

dgk vkSj vi us ,d vU; l suki fr dks Hkkjh l suk nsdj Hkst kA ml us l h/ s vkuUni qj i j

geyk cksy fn; kA vkuUni qj ds dqN {ks=kksa dks ywVus esa Hkh og l Qy gqvk] fdUrq jkf=k

f?kj vkus i j nks ehy i hNs gVdj ml us Nkouh MkyhA og vkuUni qj dks FkksM+k ywV

l dus dh l Qyrk i kdj] vrho i zl Uu FkkA ml s fo'okl gks x; k Fkk fd i zkr%dky gksrs

gh og vkuUni qj dks t hrdj xq:nso dks cUnh cuk ysxkA jkf=k esa i zl Uurk ds dkj.k

l suk [ kk&i h dj foJke djus yxh FkhA Lo; ¡ l suki fr Hkh ' kjkc i h dj eLrh esa FkkA

,d i gj jkr chrs xq:nso us ; q¼ dh i wjh ; kst uk rS; kj dh vkSj fcuk i zrh{kk fd, ml h

l e; eqxy l suk i j geyk cksy fn; kA bl l s i woZ fd eqxy l suk l EHkys] fl D[ kksa us muds

l SdM+ksa l Sfud dkV MkysA l suki fr cM+h dfBukbZ l s Hkkx dj cpkA vU; l Sfudksa us Hkh

ft / j ns[ kk] m/ j vi us i zk.k cpkus dk i z; kl fd; kA i zkr%dky dk i zdk'k gksus l s i gys

eqxyksa dk f' kfoj [ kkyh gks pqdk FkkA ; q¼ dk cgqr vf/ d l keku] xksyk&ck:n rFkk

gfFk; kj xq:nso ds gkFk yxs] Hkkst u l kexzh Hkh feyhA

l suki fr i jkft r gksdj t c ykgkSj i gq¡pk rks l wcsnkj us vi uh csbTt rh egl wl

dhA xq:nso dh ' kfDr ds l Eeq[ k l wcsnkj us eu l s vi uh i jkt ; Lohdkj dj yhA ml us

ckn'kkg vkSjaxt s+c dks l ans'k fHkt ok fn; k fd i gkM+h jkt k xq:nso dh i szj.kk vkSj ' kg i j

dj ugha nsrsA cy i z; ksx djds Hkh ge ml l s dj i zkIr ugha dj l dsA bl fy, ; fn

l ezkV dks dj dh jkf'k mxkguh gS rks ' kkgh l suk Hkst dj i gys xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dks

jkLrs l s gVk,aA xq: ds gksrs vkSj vkuUni qj dh c<+rh ' kfDr ds jgrs i gkfM+; ksa l s ekfy; k

ol wy ugha fd; k t k l drkA vkSjaxt s+c dks l ans'k feyk] rks og cM+k Øksf/ r gqvk vkSj

xq:nso dks nf.Mr djus dh ; kst uk cukus yxkA

eqvt +e (cgknqj ' kkg) d k i oZr h; ujs' kksa i j vkØe. k

ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj (xouZj) dh ji V i kdj vkSjaxt sc us vi us csVs cgknqj'kkg dks

l suk nsdj xq:nso rFkk i oZrh; ujs' kksa ds fo:¼ yM+us ds fy, Hkst kA l wpuk i zkIr gksrs gh

uUn yky xks; k t ks fd dHkh cgknqj'kkg ds i kl ehj eqU'kh dh i noh i j dk; Z dj pqds

Fks] vkuUni qj l s pydj ml s ykgkSj esa feys vkSj mUgksaus cgknqj' kkg dks xq: xksfcUn jk;




125125

(fl a?k) t h ds O; fDrÙo ,oa dk; ksZa] i zofr ; ksa l s i fjfpr djk; k rFkk l e>k;k fd og

xq:nso ds fo:¼ csdkj >a>V u eksy ysA muds fo:¼ l axzke djuk ekuork dk xyk

?kksVus ds l eku gS D; ksafd og fgUnw&eqfLye l cds fuji s{k l g; ksxh gSaA mUgsa fdl h

t kfr / eZ ; k l Ei znk; l s ?k.kk ughaA os dsoy vU; k; vkSj vR; kpkj ds fo:¼ gSaA vr%

orZeku fLFkfr esa ykgkSj ds l wcsnkj ds O; ogkj esa dgha u dgha [ kksV vo' ; gksxkA

i oZrh; ujs' kksa rFkk l wcsnkj ds l kFk xq:nso dh VdjkgV bl h dkj.k gqbZ gksxhA cgknqj' kkg

l w>oku rFkk mnkj Fkk] ml esa vi us fi rk vkSjaxt sc dh HkkfUr dV~Vjrk ugha FkhA vr%

og xks; k* dh ckrksa dks l e> x; k vkSj ml us xks; k dks opu fn; k fd esjk vfHk; ku

dsoy i oZrh; ujs' kksa rd gh l hfer jgsxkA bl fy, xq:nso vHk; gksdj fuf'pUr jg

l drs gSaA ; g vk'okl u i zkIr dj nhoku uUnyky xks; k xq:nso ds njckj esa vkuUni qj

i gq¡pk vkSj fLFkfr l s voxr djk; k vkSj xq:nso dks rVLFk jgus dks dgk & oSl s Hkh

xq:nso fdl h i oZrh; ujs' k dh l gk; rk djus ds fopkj esa ugha Fks D; ksafd HkhepUn

bR; kfn ujs' k l e; vl e; fopfyr gksdj dsoy LokFkZ fl f¼ dk ekxZ gh vi ukrs FksA

mudh dksbZ e; kZnk vFkok fl ¼kUr rks gksrk gh ugha FkkA bl ckj i oZrh; ujs'kksa dh

vki l h QwV vkSj xq:nso l s vucu ds dkj.k eqxy l suk fot ; h jghA t c cgknqj' kkg

dj ol wy djds i oZrh; i zn'kksa l s fnYyh ykSVk rks vkSjaxt sc vi us i q=k l s vf/ d i zl Uu

ugha gqvk D; ksafd ml us xq:nso i j vkØe.k ugha fd; k FkkA dqN l e; i 'pkr t c

vkSjaxt sc dks xq:nso i j vkØe.k u djus ds dkj.k dk i rk pyk rks ml us rqjUr

xq:&i szeh uUn yky dh gR; k dj nsus dk vkns'k fn; k vkSj vi us xq.Ms vkuUni qj Hkst sA

fdl h i zdkj ; g jgL; cgknqj' kkg dks i rk py x; kA og uUnyky xks; k l s cgqr Lusg

djrk FkkA vr% ml us bl ?kVuk dh l wpuk mUgsa rqjUr Hkst h vkSj l rdZ jgus dks dgkA

j kt k Hkhe pUn d k nsgkUr vkSj nsohpUn

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks ,d fnu vdLekr~ l wpuk feyh fd jkt k HkhepUn

dk nsgkUr gks x; k gSA og dqN fnu i woZ l s ân; jksx l s i hfM+r jgus yxk FkkA xq:nso

us vi us i zfr fuf/ ds : i esa nknh ek¡ ukudh t h rFkk nhoku uUn pUn dks ' kksd O; Dr




126126

djus ds fy, dgywj Hkst kA i zfr fuf/ e.My us vaR; sf"V fØ; k esa Hkkx fy; k vkSj xq:nso

dh vksj l s ml ds i q=k vt +esj pUn dks i xM+h HksaV dhA HkhepUn dh eR; q ds i ' pkr

vt esj pUn dks mÙkjkf/ dkjh ?kksf"kr dj fn; k x; kA vt esj pUn xq:nso ds l kFk

l kekU; l EcU/ fpjLFkkbZ u j[ k l dk vkSj og bZ"; kZ }s"k esa i M+ x; kA okLr fod dkj.k

; g gqvk fd xq:nso us cgqr fo'kky vk; kst u l s [ kkyl k i aFk dh l t uk dj Mkyh vkSj

i oZrh; ujs' kksa dks Hkh l q>ko fn; k fd os Hkh ver / kj.k djds [ kkyl k i aFk esa l fEefyr

gks t k,a vkSj deZdk.M R; kx dj fujkdkj mi kl uk esa t qV t k,a fdUrq dksbZ Hkh i oZrh;

ujs' k t kfr vfHkeku dk R; kx djus dks rS; kj u gqvkA bl i zdkj fQj l s vki l h nwfj; ka

c<+rh pyh xbZA jkt k vt esj pUn xq:nso t h dh c<+rh gqbZ ' kfDr dks l gu ugha dj

l dkA og fcuk dkj.k Hk; Hkhr jgus yxk vkSj xq:nso dks vi uk ' k=kq ekuus yxkA dqN

l e; ds var jky esa ml us fgekpy i zns'k ds l Hkh i oZrh; ujs' kksa dh ,d fo'kky l Hkk

cqykbZ ft l esa eq[ ; i z'u ; gh j[ kk x; k fd Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks i jkLr djds

mul s vkuUni qj dk {ks=k fdl i zdkj [ kkyh djok; k t k,A

l Hkh us fi Nys dM+os vuqHkoksa dks ; kn djds dgk fd ,sl k djuk l EHko ughaA

t c rd ckn'kkg vkSjaxt sc dh l gk; rk i zkIr ugha dj yh t krhA fdUrq jkt k vt esj

pUn vHkh l ezkV l s bl dk; Z ds fy, l gk; rk i zkIr djus dk bPNqd ugha Fkk D; ksafd

,d ckj yh xbZ l gk; rk ds cnys esa cgqr cM+h / ujkf' k yxku ds : i esa nsuh i M+rh vkSj

; q¼ dk l eLr O; ; Hkh mBkuk i M+rk FkkA vr% dbZ vU; fodYi ksa i j fopkj gksrk jgkA

l Hkh fofHkUu fj; kl rksa ds ujs' kksa rFkk muds vf/ dkfj; ksa us fofHkUu i jke'kZ fn; s

fdUrq dksbZ Hkh i jke'kZ dl kSVh i j [ kjk mr jrk fn[ kkbZ ugha ns jgkFkk D; ksafd cgqr l h

pkysa vFkok ; q¼ dkS'ky i gys vt ekbZ t k pqdh Fkh t ks fd cqjh r jg foQy gqbZ FkhA

bl xEHkhj okrkoj.k esa jkt k vt esj pUn dh nf"V vi us i qjkus cqf¼eku ea=kh nsoh pUn

i j i M+hA vt esj pUn us nsohpUn l s dgk & vki Hkh dksbZ vPNk l k i jke'kZ nhft ,A

mÙkj esa nsoh pUn us cgqr ' kkUr Hkko l s dgk & esjk fopkj vki dks Hkk,xk ugha] gks

l drk gS fd vki esjh mfpr l ykg l qudj : "V gks t k,aA bl ckr i j jkt k vt esj

pUn dks mRl qdrk gqbZ fd vkf[ kj nsoh pUn ds eu esa D; k gS \ ml us nsohpUn i j




127127

cgqr ncko Mkyk fd og t ks Hkh dguk pkgrk gS dg MkysA nsoh pUn us cgqr fouez

Hkko l s {kek ek¡xrs gq, dgk & gesa Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h l s rqjUr eS=kh LFkkfi r

djuh pkfg, D; ksafd muds i woZt ksa ds gekjs i woZt ksa i j cgqr cM+k ½.k gS vkSj og t xn~

xq: ] xq: ukud nso t h ds nl osa mÙkjkf/ dkjh gSaA mul s ' k=kqrk l s dksbZ ykHk gksus okyk

ugha] dsoy fouk'k gksus dh l EHkkouk c<+ t k,xh D; ksafd og l eFkZ gS vkRe 'kfDr ds

Lokeh gSaA eSa bl fo"k; esa vkSj dqN ugha dgw¡xk D; ksafd i gys ds ; q¼ esjh ckr dh i qf"V

djrs gSaA

vi us ea=kh nsoh pUn ds eq[ k l s xq:nso dh Lrqfr l qudj jkt k vt esj pUn

ckS[ kyk x; kA ml us nsoh pUn ds foi jhr i jke'kZ dks vi uk vi eku l e>k vkSj vkØks'k

esa vkns'k fd bl ued gjke dks va/ k dj MkyksA t Yykn ml s uxj l s nwj ,d i gkM+h

i j ys x; sA ogk¡ mUgksaus nks yksgs dh i ryh l yk[ ksa (cM+s dhy) xeZ fd; s vkSj nsoh pUn

dh vk¡[ kksa esa Mky fn; sA ml l e; nsohpUn Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds pj.kksa dk è; ku

yxk; s Hkt u esa O; Lr FkkA t Yykn vi uk dk; Z i w.kZ djds ykSV x; s vkSj nsoh pUn dks

ogha NksM+ x; sA nsohpUn l ekf/ LFk Fks t c og mRFkku voLFkk esa vk; s rks mUgksaus i k; k

fd muds us=k fcYdqy Bhd Bkd gSa vkSj t Yykn dgha fn[ kkbZ ugha fn; s fdUrq vkx

vkSj xeZ l yk[ ksa ogha i M+h FkhA ; g vk'p; Zt ud dkSrqd ns[ kdj og fopkjus yxs &

eq>s vc D; k djuk pkfg, \ l oZi zFke mUgksaus i zHkq dk / U; okn fd; k fd mudh nf"V

T; ksa dh R; ksa cuh gqbZ FkhA fQj fu.kZ; fy; k fd eq>s Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj

esa mi fLFkr gksuk pkfg, vkSj og vkuUni qj uxj ds fy, py fn; sA yEch i Sny ; k=kk

ds i ' pkr~ t c og xq: njckj esa i gq¡ps rks ogk¡ xq:nso t h vuqi fLFkr FksA l axr Hkh

xq:nso t h dh i zrh{kk dj jgh Fkh fdUrq xq:nso vi us egyksa esa foJke dj jgs FksA fdl h

dks vkKk ugha Fkh mul s feyus dhA dsoy bruk gh crk; k x; k Fkk fd mudk LokLF;

Bhd ugha gSA bl i j nsohpUn t h l kgl cVksj dj xq:nso ds egyksa esa i gq¡psA l ar jh us

mudks ckgj gh jksd fn; k fdUrq xq:nso t h us mUgsa cqyk fy; kA vUnj t kdj nsohpUn

us xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa n.M~or i z.kke fd; k vkSj dq'ky{kse i wNus yxk T; ksa gh mu dk

è; ku xq:nso ds nksuksa pj.kksa i j x; k ft u i j i fV~V; k¡ ca/ h gqbZ FkhA og vk'p; Z l s i wNus




128128

yxk & xq:nso t h ! vki ds pj.kksa dks D; k gks x; k gS t ks i fV~V; k¡ ca/ h gqbZ gSa \ xq:nso

i z'u l qudj eqLdqjk fn; s vkSj dgus yxs Lo; ¡ gh ?kko nsrs gks vkSj Lo; ¡ gh i z'u djrs

gks fd D; k gks x; k gS! bl i j nsohpUn us foLe; Hkjh nf"V l s xq:nso dks ns[ kus yxk

vkSj dgus yxk dSl s ?kko\ eSa ,sl k dHkh dj l drk gw¡ \ xq:nso us jgL; dk l ek/

ku djrs gq, crk; kA t c vki gekjs pj.kksa dk è; ku djds fpUru euu esa [ kks, gq,

Fks rks ml l e; t Yyknksa us xeZ l yk[ ksa rqEgkjh vk¡[ kksa esa Mky nh Fkh t ks vki dks ugha gesa

pqHkh D; ksafd vki us vi us us=kksa esa gekjs pj.kksa dks cl k j[ kk FkkA gesa rks vi us fcjn dh

ykt j[ kuh FkhA vr% og ?kko gekjs pj.kksa esa gks x; sA i zR; {k l yk[ kksa }kjk t ys gq, ?kko

ns[ kdj l eLr l axr Hkh pfdr gqbZA nsohpUn rks fojkx esa : / u djus yxkA xq:nso us

ml s l kaRouk nh vkSj dgk & ; g l c rqEgkjh J¼kHkfDr dk gh i zrki gS fd i zHkq us Lo; ¡

rqEgkjs us=kksa dh l qj{kk dh gS vkSj ml s mBkdj daB l s yxk fy; kA

nknh eka ukud h t h d k fu/ u

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds xg esa ukgu ds i kaoVk {ks=k l s vkuani qj ykSVus ds

yxHkx pkj o"kZ i ' pkr~ ,d vkSj l i q=k us t Ue fy; k ft l dk uke mUgksaus t wt kgj fl a?k

j[ kkA fQj bl h i zdkj l e; ds vardky esa vki ds ; gka Øe'k% nks vU; i q=kksa us t Ue

fy; k ft u dk uke t ksjkoj fl a?k rFkk Qrsg fl a?k j[ kkA vki dh nknh eka ukudh t h bu

i M+i ksrksa dks yksfj; ka nsdj [ kwc f[ kykrs jgsA bl i zdkj mUgksaus vi us eu dh ea'kk i w.kZ dhA

vc vki cgqr o¼k voLFkk esa i gqap xbZ FkhA vr% vki us mfpr l e; ns[ kdj ,d

fnu ' kjhj R; kx fn; kA xq#nso t h us vi uh nknh eka ukudh t h dh vaR; sf"V cgqr

l Eekui woZd fof/ l s l Ei u dj nhA

nsoh i zd V d jus d h foMEcuk

bl ?kVuk ds dqN o"kksZ i ' pkr~ xq: xksfcUn fl ag t h us ,d fo'kky t ul Hkk dk

vk; kst u fd; k] bl esa i oZrh; ujs' kksa] fo}kuksa rFkk i f.Mrksa dks vkefU=kr fd; k rFkk




129129

?kks"k.kk dh fd xq: fi rk t h dh vkgqfr ds mi jkUr Hkh vkSjaxt s+c dh uhfr ; ksa esa dksbZ

fo'ks"k vUr j ugha vk; kA og vc Hkh ml h i zdkj t urk i j vR;kpkj dj jgk gSA vr%

ml vR; kpkjh ds l kFk ckrphr dk dksbZ ykHk ughaA og ' kkfUr dh ckrksa l s ekuus okyk

ughaA bl fy, ml l s yksgk ysuk t : jh gSA vc vki yksx dksbZ u; k mi k; l kspsaA l Hkh

fo}kuksa us rc ,d er gksdj dgk fd l ezkV l s yksgk ysuk dksbZ l jy dk; Z ugha gSA bl

ds fy, nSoh ' kfDr dh vko' ; drk gSA ml s mRi Uu fd; k t k, ] ; g dk; Z rHkh l EHko

gksxkA bl fopkj dks l qudj xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dgus yxs eSa rks vkRecy dks gh

okLr fod ' kfDr ekurk gw¡A bl y{; dh i zkfIr ds fy, dsoy ,drk dh vfr

vko' ; drk gSA ft l ds fy, vki yksxksa dks ; gk¡ cqyk; k x; k gSA fdUrq vkRefo'okl

foghu i f.Mr bl rdZ dks ekuus dks rS; kj ugha gq,A mu dh ekU; rk Fkh fd nSoh ' kfDr

ds fcuk ; q¼ dks dHkh Hkh t hrk ugha t k l drkA vr% nSoh ' kfDr dh i zkfIr ds fy,

gou rFkk ; K djuk pkfg,A ft l dh di k l s ; q¼ esa fot ; fuf'pr gh gksxhA bl ckr

dh i zfr fØ; k esa xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us dgk fd deZ&dk.Mksa esa fo'okl ugha djuk

pkfg,A bl pØO; wg esa l e; ] / u bR; kfn O; FkZ esa u"V djus gksaxs] t c fd i zkfIr dh

l EHkkouk esa ' kadk ds vfr fjDr dqN Hkh ughaA fdUrq i f.Mr yksx vi uh gB/ ehZ i j

vM+s jgsA bl i j xq: xksfcUn jk; t h us dgk fd vc rks y{; l Hkh dks fo'okl esa ysdj

dk; Z djus dk gSA vr% gou djus dh vuqefr ,d ' krZ i j gS fd vki nSoh ' kfDr

i zdV dj fn[ kkb,A fQj D; k Fkk] vkuUni qj l gkc ds fudV ,d NksVh l h i gkM+h i j

gou dq.M dk fuekZ.k fd; k x; k vkSj ogk¡ i j yxHkx N% eghus gou gksrk jgk i jUrq

dksbZ nSoh ' kfDr i zdV u gqbZA xq:nso xksfcUn jk; t h ds ckj ckj i wNus i j Hkh eq[ ;

i f.Mr ds'ko nkl t h dksbZ l Urks"kt ud mÙkj u ns l ds vkSj ml us dgk nSoh ' kfDr

cyh ek¡xrh gSA t ks vki dk i je Lusgh gks] ml dh cyh nsaA i f.Mrksa dk l adsr xq:nso

ds csVksa dh vksj FkkA os l ksp jgs Fks xq:nso vi us csVksa dk rks cfynku nsaxs ugha] vr%

bl h cgkus nSoh ' kfDr i zdV djus ds pDdj l s NqVdkjk i k ysaxsA fdUrq xq:nso us ml

l e; i f.Mr ds'konkl t h dks vi uk i je Lusgh crkrs gq, ' kfDr i zdV djus gsrq cyh

i j p<+ t kus dh ckr dg nhA ,sl k l qurs gh i f.Mr t h y?kq 'kadk dk cgkuk cukdj

ogk¡ l s Hkkx [ kM+s gq, vkSj nwl js i f.Mr Hkh / hjs / hjs ogk¡ l s f[ kl d x; sA goudq.M ds




130130

i kl t c dksbZ u jgk rks xq:nso us t ks'k esa vkdj gou l kexzh dks goudq.M esa ,d

l kFk gh QSad fn; k ft l l s nwj nwj rd vkx dh yi Vsa fn[ kkbZ nsus yxhA xq:nso Hkh gkFk

l s uaxh ryokj fy, ml i gkM+h l s uhps mr j vk; s] rc uhps [ kM+s fl D[ kksa us xq:nso l s

i z'u fd; k fd D; k nSoh ' kfDr i zdV gqbZA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & ; g ns[ kks esjs gkFk

esa gh nSoh ' kfDr gSA bl ryokj dks gh eSa j.k p.Mh dk uke nsrk gw¡A ; g og egk'kfDr

gS t ks nq"Vksa dk uk'k djrh gSA xq:nso us ml h fnu l s vi us fl D[ k (f' k"; ksa) dks ; q¼

ds fy, rRi j jgus dk vkns'k ns fn; kA

xq: nso d k eq[ ; y{;

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us vuqHko fd; k fd fl D[ k / eZ ds l aLFkki d Jh xq:

ukud nso t h us l eLr ekuo l ekt ds mRFkku ds fy, t ks i z; kl fd; s muesa l cl s

i gys ; g ukjk cqyan fd; k] u dksbZ fgUnq u dksbZ eql yeku* ft l dk rkRi ; Z Fkk fd

l eLr ekuo t kfr ,d fi rk i jes'oj dh l Urku gS vFkkZr ,d fi rk ,dl ds ge

ckfjd* xq:nso t h us rc ; g vuqHko fd; k Fkk fd t u l k/ kj.k ds nq[ kksa dk ewy

dkj.k vKkurk] i zk/ hurk] vkfFkZd fo"kerk rFkk t kfr i kfr i j vk/ kfjr oxhZdj.k

bR; kfn gSA vr% mUgksaus bu l kekft d cqjkbZ; ksa l s t w>us rFkk ,d vkn'kZ l ekt dh

LFkki uk djus ds fy, t hou i ¼fr esa ewyHkwr i fjorZu vfuok;Z l e>rs gq, ,d l cy]

LorU=k vFkok LokoyEch O; fDrÙo ds ekuo dh i fjdYi uk dh Fkh] t ks fd l nSo

fuLokFkZ Hkko l s i jfgr esa dk;Zjr jgsaA ,sl s l Ei w.kZ l efi Zr ,o¡ fu"Bkoku O; fDr; ksa ds

; ksxnku l s t fVy ,oa t ksf[ ke Hkjh l eL; kvksa ds l ek/ ku gsrq] mUgksaus ml l e; ds Øwj

' kkl dksa] l ekt ds l adh.kZ fopkj/ kjk okys LokFkhZ rFkk dqfVy i zofÙk ds yksxksa l s yksgk

ysus dh Bku yh FkhA xq:nso us fopkj fn; k Fkk fd l Ùkk/ kjh dks / ehZ i q: "k gksuk pkfg,

vFkok l Ùkk dks / ehZ i q: "kksa ds gkFkksa esa l kSai k t kuk pkfg, vU; Fkk vkn'kZ l ekt dh

dYi uk O; FkZ gSA mUgksaus bl y{; dh i zkfIr ds fy, l ar&fl i kgh vFkok jkt ; ksx

(ehjh &i hjh) dh ubZ vkn'kZ i z.kkyh dk l w=ki kr fd; k FkkA ft l l s ' kksf"kr oxZ dks

muds ewy ekuo* vf/ dkj fnyok,a t k l ds rFkk l ekt esa fdl h O; fDr ds l kFk Hkh




131131

jax&uLy] / eZ] t kfr ] Hkk"kk] fyax vehjh&xjhch vkSj ekfyd & ukSdj ds vk/ kj i j

dksbZ HksnHkko u fd; k t k l dsA l ekt ds l Hkh oxksZ dks i zR; sd nf"V l s l ekurk

fnyokuk rFkk ekuo l ekt dks ,d l w=k esa ck¡/ uk xq:nso dk eq[ ; y{; Fkk] ft l l s

,d u; s oxZ foghu l ekt dh mRi fÙk gks l ds vFkkZr l eLr i zk.kh ek=k dk dY;k.k gks

l dsA xq:nso ds ' kCnksa esa] l jcr nk Hkyk* rkRi ; Z ; g gS fd mTt oy vkpj.k okys

(fodkj jfgr ) euq"; t ks l nSo l ekt dY; k.k ds fy, dk; Zjr jgsa rkfd l ekt dks

ubZ fn'kk nh t k l dsA bl dks l kdkj : i nsus ds fy, mUgksaus ØkfUrdkjh vkns'k t kjh

fd; s Fks &

t m r m i zse [ ksy. k d k pkmA

fl : / fj r yh xyh esjh vkmA

br q ekj fx i S# / j ht SA

fl # nht S d kf. k uk d ht SA

(xq: ukud nso t h] j kx i zHkkr h] i "B 1412)

bl mís' ; dh i wfrZ ds fy, mUgksaus vi uk f=k&l w=kh; dk; ZØe i zLrqr fd; k Fkk

vFkkZr fdjr djks] oaM Ndks(ckaV dj [ kkvks)] uke t i ksA ,sl s U;kjs euq"; dh : i ns[ kk

Lo; ¡ xq: ukud nso t h us rS; kj dh Fkh vkSj vi us mÙkjkf/ dkfj; ksa dks fn'kk funsZ'k Hkh

fn; s Fks fd os bl dk; Z dks vkxs c<+kus dk vfHk; ku t kjh j[ ksa] ft l dks muds vkB

mÙkjkf/ dkfj; ksa us vkxs c<+krs pys vk jgs gSa vkSj eq>s Hkh bl vkns'k dks l kdkj : i

nsdj [ kkyl k i aFk dh l t uk djuh pkfg,A ft l dk i zk: i rS; kj djus esa ge l eLr xq:

l kgcku dks yxHkx 200 o"kZ yx pqds gSaA

vUr esa xq:nso us i zFke xq:nso dh bl i fjdYi uk dks l Ei w.kZ djus ds fy,

yEch rS; kjh ds i ' pkr~ ,d ; kst ukc¼ dk; ZØe cuk; k vkSj ml dks fØ; kfUor djus ds

fy, i gyh cS'kk[ kh l u~ 1699 dk fnu fuf'pr fd; kA




132132

[ kkyl k i aFk d h l t uk

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks vU;k; dk l keuk djus ds fy, 'kfDr dh

vko' ; drk FkhA os HkfDr vkSj vè; kReokn dh ; g xq:&i jEi jk dks ' kfDr vkSj ' kkS; Z

dk ckuk i gu dj] ml s fo'o ds l e{k ykus dh : i js[ kk rS; kj dj jgs FksA oSl s rks xq:

vejnkl t h ds l e; l s gh fl D[ k oS'kk[ kh ds fnu t ksM+&esys ( l ekjksg) djrs Fks i jUrq

l u~ 1699 dh cS'kk[ kh ds l e; xq:nso us ,d fo'ks"k l ejksg dk vk; kst u fd; kA

fl D[ kksa dks Hkkjh l a[ ; k esa vkuUni qj l kgc i gq¡pus ds fy, fueU=k.k i gys l s gh Hkst fn; s

x; s Fks vkSj fl D[ kksa dks ' kL=kc¼ gksdj vkus dks dgk x; k FkkA l ans'k i krs gh ns'k ds

fofHkUu Hkkxksa l s fl D[ k xq:nso ds n'kZuksa ds fy, dkfQys cukdj cM+h l a[ ; k esa

mi fLFkr gq,A

i gyh cS'kk[ kh dks xq:nso us ,d fo'ks"k LFky esa eq[ ; l ekjksg dk i zkjEHk

i zkr%dky vkl k dh okj dhrZu l s fd; kA xq: ' kCn] xq: mi ns'kksa i j fopkj gqvkA nhoku

dh l ekfIr ds l e; xq:nso eap i j gkFk esa uaxh ryokj fy, gq, i / kjs vkSj mUgksaus ohj

jl esa i zopu djrs gq, dgk & eqxyksa ds vR; kpkj fujUr j c<+rs t k jgs gSaA gekjh

cgw&csfV; ksa dh bTt r Hkh l qjf{kr ugha jghA vr% gesa vdky i q: "k dh vkKk gqbZ gS fd

vR; kpkj&i hfM+r / eZ dh j{kk gsrq ,sl s ohj ; ks¼kvksa dh vko' ; drk gS t ks vi us i zk.kksa

dh vkgqfr nsdj nq"Vksa dk neu djuk pkgrs gSa og vi uk ' kh'k esjh bl j.kp.Mh

(ryokj) dks HksaV esa nsA rHkh mUgksaus vi uh E;ku esa l s di k.k (Jh l kgc) fudkyh

vkSj yydkjrs gq, fl ag xt Zuk esa dgk & gS dksbZ esjk I; kjk f' k"; t ks vkt esjh bl

j.kp.Mh (Hkokuh) dh I; kl vi us jDr l s cq>k l ds \ bl i z'u dks l qurs gh l Hkk esa

l UukVk Nk x; kA i jUrq xq:nso ds nksckjk pqukSrh nsus i j ,d fu"Bkoku O; fDr gkFk

t ksM+dj mBk vkSj cksyk & eSa gkft j gw¡] xq:nso ! ; g ykgkSj fuokl h n; kjke FkkA dgus

yxk & esjh voKk {kek dj nsa] eSaus nsj dj nhA esjk fl j vki dh vekur gh gS] eSa

vki dks ; g fl j HksaV esa nsdj vi uk t Ue l Qy djuk pkgrk gw¡] di ; k bl dks

Lohdkj djsaA xq:nso us ml dks ckt w l s i dM+k rFkk [ khapdj ,d fo'ks"k rEcw esa ys x; sA




133133

dqN {k.kksa esa gh ogk¡ l s ogh [ kwu l s l uh gqbZ ryokj fy, gq, xq:nso ykSV vk, rFkk

i qu% vi us f' k"; ksa dks yydkjk & ;g ,d u; s i zdkj dk n' ; Fkk] t ks fl D[ k l axr dks

i zFke ckj nf"Vxkspj gqvkA vr% l eLr l Hkk esa Hk; dh ygj nkSM+ xbZA os yksx t ks

xq:nso dh dyk l s i fjfpr ugha FksA fo'okl &vfo'okl dh eu gh eu yM+kbZ yM+us

yxsA bl i zdkj os nqfo/ k esa J¼k HkfDr [ kks cSBsA bu esa l s dbZ rks dsoy el an i zofÙk

ds Fks] t ks t Ynh gh ekufl d l Urqyu Hkh [ kks cSBs vkSj yxs dkukQwl h djus fd i rk

ugha vkt xq:nso dks D; k gks x; k gS \ fl D[ kksa dh gh gR; k djus yxs gSaA bu esa l s

dqN ,d=k gksdj ekrk xqt jh ds i kl f' kdk; r djus t k i gq¡ps vkSj dgus yxs i rk ugha

xq:nso dks D; k gks x; k gS! og vi us fl D[ kksa dks gh ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj jgs gSaA ; fn bl h

i zdkj pyrk jgk rks fl D[ kh&l sodh l ekIr gksrs nsj ugha yxsxhA ; g l qudj ekrk t h

us mudks l kaRouk nh vkSj vi uh NksVh cgw l kgc nsoh dks xq:nso ds njckj dh l q/ ysus

Hkst kA l kgc nsoh t h us ?kj l s pyrs l e; HksaV esa crk'ks i Yyw esa cka/ fy; s vkSj n'kZuksa

ds fy, py i M+hA

m/ j nwl jh ckj yydkjus i j J¼koku fl D[ kksa esa l s fnYyh fuokl h / eZnkl

(t kV) mBkA xq:nso ml s Hkh ml h i zdkj [ khap dj rEcw esa ys x; s vkSj fQj t Ynh gh

[ kwu l s l uh ryokj ysdj eap i j vk x; s vkSj ogh i z'u fQj nksgjk; k fd eq>s ,d fl j

dh vkSj vko' ; drk gSA bl ckj HkkbZ eqgdepUn (Nhack) xqt jkr }kjdk fuokl h mBk

vkSj ml us Lo; ¡ dks xq:nso ds l e{k i zLrqr fd; k vkSj dgk & xq:nso! esjk fl j gkft +j

gSA xq:nso us ml s Hkh rqjUr i dM+k vkSj [ khap dj rEcw esa ys x; sA dqN {k.kksa i ' pkr~ fQj

ykSVdj eap i j vk x; s i qu% ogh i z'u nksgjk; k fd eq>s ,d fl j dh vkSj vko' ; drk

gSA bl ckj [ kwu l s l uh Jh l kgc ns[ kdj cgqrksa ds fny ngy x; s fdUrq ml h i y HkbZ

fgEer ykaxjh fuokl h t xUukFki qjh mM+hl k mBk vkSj dgus yxk fd xq:nso esjk fl j

gkft +j gSA Bhd bl h i zdkj xq:nso i k¡poh ckj eap i j vk; s vkSj ogh i z'u l axr ds

l keus j[ kk fd eq>s ,d fl j vkSj pkfg, ] bl ckj fcnj&djukV dk fuokl h l kgc pUn

(ukbZ) mBk vkSj ml us fourh dh fd esjk fl j Lohdkj djsaA ml s Hkh xq:nso ml h i zdkj

[ khapdj rEcw esa ys x; sA vc xq:nso ds i kl i k¡p fuHkhZd vkRe cfynkuh fl D[ k Fks t ks

fd dM+h i jh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gq, FksA cfy p<+kus dk i znZ'ku xq:nso dk cgqr l Qy jgkA




134134

bl dkSrqd ds rn~i 'pkr bu i k¡pksa dks ,d t Sl s uhys oL=k] dsl jh nkLrkj dNSgjs vkSj

y?kq di k.k i guus dks fn; s vkSj mUgksaus Lo; ¡ Hkh bl h i zdkj dk ck.kk ( i fj/ ku) i gukA

rc bu i k¡pksa er t hfovksa dks vi us l kFk i .Mky esa ysdj vk; sA ml l e; bu i k¡pksa dks

vkd"kZd rFkk l qUnj Lo: i esa ns[ kdj l axr vk'p; Z esa i M+ xbZ D; ksafd buds psgjs l s

fot ; h gksus dk uwj >yd jgk FkkA rHkh xq:nso us HkkbZ pmi fr jk; s dks vkns'k fn; k fd

og pj.kker okys eVds dks i kuh l fgr l ryqt esa i zokfgr dj ns vkSj ml ds LFkku i j

l jc yksg ds ckVs (cM+k yksg i k=k) esa LoPN t y Hkj dj yk; sA ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA

xq: nso us bl yksg i k=k dks i RFkj dh dqVuh i j fLFkj djds ml esa [ k.Mk

(nks/ kjh ryokj) chj vkl u esa cSBdj ?kqekuk i zkjEHk dj fn; k rHkh vki dh l qi Ruh

l kgc nsoh n'kZuksa dks mi fLFkfr gqbZA mUgksaus crk'ks HksaV fd; s ft l s xq:nso us ml h l e;

yksgi k=k ds t y esa feyk fn; s vkSj xq:ck.kh mPpkj.k djrs gq, [ k.Mk pykus yxsA

l oZi zFke mUgksaus t i qt h l kfgc dk i kB fd; k rn~i 'pkr t ki q l kfgc] l oS; k] pkSi bZ rFkk

vkuUn l kfgc dk Øe'k% i kB fd; k] l ekfIr i j vjnkl dh vkSj t ; dkj ds i ' pkr

[ k.Ms dk ver * for j.k djus dh ek; kZnk i zkjEHk dhA l oZi zFke xq:nso us rS;kj ver

( i kgqy) ds NhaVs mudh vk¡[ kksa] ds'kksa vkSj ' kjhj i j ekjrs gq, vkKk nh fd os l Hkh ckjh

ckjh ckVs (yksg i k=k) esa l s ver i ku djsa ( i h; sa) ; gh fØ; k i qu% oki l nqgjkbZ vFkkZr

ml h crZu l s nks ckj ver i ku djus dks dgk ft l l s Å¡p uhp dk Hkze l nSo ds fy,

l ekIr gks t k; s vkSj ,d HkzkrÙo Hkkouk mRi Uu gks t k,A

vki t h us ml h l e; i k¡pksa fl D[ kksa ds ukeksa ds l kFk ¶fl a?k ' kCn yxk fn; k

ft l dk vFkZ gS cCcj ' ksjA bl i zdkj muds u; s ukedj.k fd; s x; s vk/ k uke mudks

xq:nso us fn; k vkSj vk/ k uke muds vfHkHkkodksa okyk gh jgus fn; kA bu i k¡pksa

i jeLusgh f' k"; ksa dks ft Ugksaus xq:nso ds ,d l adsr i j vi uk l oZ=k U; ksNkoj dj fn; k

FkkA i k¡p I; kjksa dh mi kf/ l s l Eekfur fd; k vkSj mudks fo'ks"k mi ns'k fn; k &

vkt l s rqEgkjk i gyk t Ue] t kfr ] dqy] / eZ l Hkh l ekIr gks x; s gSaA vkt l s

vki l Hkh xq: okys gks x; s gSaA vr% vkt l s rqe esjs t Ues i q=k gks] rqEgkjh ekrk l kgc

dkSj] fuokl h ds'kx<+] vkuUni qj l kgc gSa vkSj rqEgkjh t kfr [ kkyl k gS D; ksafd fl gksa dh




135135

dsoy ,d gh t kfr gksrh gSA vc vki yksxksa dh os'k&Hkw"kk i k¡p ddkjh onhZ gksxh &

ds'k] da?kk] dM+k] dNSgjk rFkk di k.kA vki fuR; deZ esa vercsyk esa t kxdj okgs xq:

ds l ax l qjfr t ksM+dj uke&ok.kh dk vH; kl vo' ; gh djksxsA mi t hfodk ds fy, /

eZ dh dhjr djksxs vkSj vft Zr / u ckaV dj l sou djksxsA bl ds vfr fjDr pkj ' ki Fksa

(jfgr ) fnyokbZaA

& & & & & & pkj l w=kh d k; ZØe & & & & &

1- ds'kksa dk vi eku u djukA

2- dqVBk u [ kkuk (og ekal gS t ks eql yekuh r jhds l s rS; kj fd; k x; k gks)

3- i jL=kh ; k i ji q: "k dk xeu (Hkksxuk) u djukA

4- rEckdw dk l sou u djukA

xq:nso us Li "V fd; k fd bu pkj dqjhfr ; ksa esa l s ,d ds Hkh Hkax gksus i j

O; fDr i fr r l e>k t k,xk vkSj og fu"dkfl r ekuk t k,xkA ; fn og i qu% fl D[ kh esa

i zos'k djuk pkgrk gS rks ml s i k¡p I; kjksa ds l e{k mi fLFkr gksdj n.M yxokdj i qu%

ver / kj.k djuk gksxkA xq:nso us mUgsa l e>krs gq, dgk & vki i k¡p i jes'oj : i

esa muds xq: gSa] bl fy, os Hkh vc muds l sod (f' k"; ) gSaA mu i k¡pksa us rc dgk &

Bhd gS ! i jUrq xq: nf{k.kk esa mUgksaus vi us fl j HksaV esa fn; s gSaA vc os D; k nsaxs \ bl

i j xksfcUn jk; t h us dgk & vki dh ekax mfpr gSA os nku rks ns ugha l drs D; ksafd

ver vewY; fuf/ gS i jUrq HksaV ns l drk gw¡ t ks fd vHkh m/ kj djrk gWw¡A l e; vkus

i j os Hkh vi uk l eLr i fjokj mu yksxksa i j xq: nh{kk ds cnys fuNkoj dj nsaxsA mu

i k¡pksa us feydj rc xksfcUn jk; t h ds fy, Hkh ml h i z.kkyh }kjk ver rS;kj fd; k

vkSj mudks Hkh ver i ku djk; k rFkk mu dk ukedj.k i qu% fd; k ft l l s mudk uke

Hkh cny dj xksfcUn jk; l s xksfcUn fl a?k dj fn; k x; kA rn~i 'pkr~ xq:nso ds ckdh

f' k"; ksa us Hkh xq: nh{kk ysus ds fy, i zkFkZuk dh rFkk bl ubZ fof/ vuql kj ver / kj.k

fd; kA ft l l s mudh i gyh dqy] o.kZ t kfr rFkk uke vkfn dks i fjofrZr dj u,

ukedj.k fd; s x; sA




136136

t xr xq: ukud nso t h dh l qfu; ksft r i zfØ; k ds i fj.kkeLo: i mPp ekuoh;

ewY; ksa dks i zfr f"Br djus esa l eLr xq: l kgcku dk l eku ; ksxnku jgkA t c nl osa xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k t h us [ kkyl k i aFk dks l Ei w.kZ fd; k t ks mUgksaus ml s U; kjk rFkk vukfn cukus

ds fy, dqN fo'ks"k vkns'k fn; s] ft l l s [ kkyl k i aFk dk Lo: i dHkh Hkh i fjofrZr u

gks & i wt k vdky dh] i jpk ' kCn dk ,oa nhnkj [ kkyl k dk* vFkkZr ,d i jefi rk

i jes'oj dh i wt k & ekxZn'kZu xq: xzaFk l kgc dh ok.kh dk & n'kZu nhnkj l k/ l axr

dsA

[ kkyl k vd ky i qj [ k d h QkSt A

i zxfV; ks [ kkyl k i j ekr e d h ekSt A

; s Fks os l cl s i gys i k¡p fl D[ k ft Ugksaus fl j HksaV djds fl ¼ dj fn; k Fkk fd

os l Ei w.kZ i q: "k cuus ds vf/ dkjh gSa D; ksafd t ks O; fDr vi us pqus gq, vkn'kZ ds fy,

cfynku nsus dk l kgl ugha j[ krk] ogHkys gh fdruk gh i <+k fy[ kk gks] fdruk gh

Kkuh&ri Loh dks] vFkok nkuh D; ksa u gks] i w.kZ O; fDr ugha dgk t k l drkA og

O; fDr vHkh dPpk gS vkSj [ kks[ kyk gSA ml dk Kku&è;ku dsoy fn[ kkok vFkok

eu&cgykok dgk t k l drk gSA t ks vi us fl ¼kUrksa ds fy, vfUre dne mBkus l s

?kcjkrk gS] ml ds fl ¼kUr] dsoy vol joknh uhfr rd gh l hfer jg l drs gSaA ,sl s

O; fDr ds fy, ml / kfeZd t RFks&cUnh esa dksbZ LFkku ugha t ks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k us

cS'kk[ kh okys fnu 13 vi zSy] 1699 dks O; fDr ; ksa dh i j[ k djds i zkjEHk dhA

; g t RFks&canh ,d fcYdqy ubZ / kfeZd t ekr dk cht kjksi .k Fkk] fgUnw vkSj

eql yekuksa l s i Fkd fdUrq nksuksa ds eè; ,d i qy dh Hkkafr D; ksafd bl esa l fEefyr gksus

ds fy, fgUnw gks vFkok eql yeku] dksbZ ' krZ ugha FkhA dksbZ Hkh O; fDr t kfr&i kfr ]

Å¡p&uhp ; k vehjh&xjhch ds vUr j ds fcuk bl ubZ t RFks&cUnh esa ' kkfey gks

l drk FkkA dsoy ' krZ Fkh Å¡ps vkSj l Pps t hou ds dqN fl ¼kUrksa i j fo'okl j[ kus dh

vkSj mu fl ¼kUrksa ds fy, ej&feVus dh] ojuk xq: l kgc ds i gys i k¡p I; kjksa esa l s

rhu i w.kZr% xjhc vkSj yrkM+h gqbZ t kfr ; ksa ds O; fDr Fks t ks fgUnw / eZ ds vuql kj uhph

t kfr ; k¡ l e>h t krh gSaA




137137

bl ekxZ i j pyus okyksa ds l keus i wt k vkSj uekt +] efLt n ; k efUnj] jke ; k

jghe] fgUnw vFkok eql yeku esa dksbZ vUr j ugha FkkA xq: l kfgc us ,d u; k ukjk

fn; k&

fgUnw d ksm r qjd d ksm j kQt +h beke l kQ+hA

ekul d h t kr l HkS , d S i fgpkucksA

nsgqjk el hr l ksb i wt k vkS fuekt + vksghA

ekul l HkS bd i S vusd d kS Hkjekm gSA*

; g jkLrk i dM+us ds fy, fdl h dks et cwj ugha fd; k x; kA dksbZ Hkh vi uh

bPNkuql kj bl s pqu l drk Fkk ft l esa [ kaMs dh / kj i j pyus dh fgEer gksA

dgk x; k gS fd ft l s ejuk ugha vkrk] ml s t huk D;k vk,xk ; g u; k ekxZ]

/ eZ] U; k; ] ekuork] ekuoh; cjkcjh] l Eeku vkSj gj i zdkj dh LorU=krk ds fy,

feVus okyksa dk FkkA

; gk¡ ; g ckr Hkh crkuk vko' ; d gS fd xq: l kfgc us fgUnqvksa vkSj eql yekuksa

l s i Fkd ,d rhl jk i aFk rks pyk; k] i j bl dkj.k ugha fd mUgsa ,d u; k / eZ pykdj

Lo; ¡ dks i jes'oj dk nt kZ ns vi uh i wt k djkus dk pko Fkk t Sl s cgqr l kjs i zkphu

i SxEcj vFkok nsork djrs vk, gSaA mUgksaus fl D[ kksa dh Li "V dg fn; k &

eSa gks i j ei qj [ k d ks nkl kA

ns[ ku vk; ks t xr r ek' kkA

t ks ged ks i j esl j mpjS gSA

r s l c ujd d q¡M efga i j gsaA*

; g Li "V dguk bl fy, Hkh vko' ; d Fkk fd Hkkjr esa i zR; sd egki q: "k dks

i jes'oj dg dj ml dh gh i wt k djus yx i M+uk ,d i zkphu chekjh gS vkSj bl h dkj.k

i wt k&; ksX; nsorkvksa dh l a[ ; k Hkh bruh gh i gq¡p xbZ gS] ft ruh dh i qt kfj; ksa dhA

xq:nso dk ,dek=k mís' ; ,d u; k t hou ekxZ n'kkZuk Fkk uk fd vi uh i wt k djokuhA




138138

mudh vkKkuql kj i wt k dsoy ,d vdky i q: "k dh gh gks l drh gS] fdl h O; fDr

fo'ks"k dh ughaA

vki s xq: psyk

fo'okl vkSj J¼k dh i jh{kk rks gks xbZA fdUrq vHkh fo'okl okyksa i j / eZ dh

eksgj yxkuh ckdh FkhA i zkphu f'k"; ksa esa uot hou Qwadus ds fy, pksyk cny dj

U; kjki u nsus dh vfr vko' ; drk FkhA l fn; ksa i qjkus l aLdkjksa dks R; kxus ds fy, t hou

ds u; s ewY; ksa] u; s ekxksZa vkSj u; s nf"Vdks.k n'kkZ dj] [ kkyl k vFkok i w.kZ ekuo cuus

dh bPNk j[ kus okys O; fDr ; ksa ds efLr"d vFkok ân; i j dqN ,sl s dM+s i jUrq

O; ogkfjd fu; e fu/ kZfjr djus dh vko' ; drk Fkh D; ksafd os fQj fQl y dj i qjkus

ekxksZa i j u py i M+saA u; s vkn'kksZ dks Bksl fpUgksa esa <kydj l kekU; O; fDr ; ksa ds l e{k

i zLrqr djuk Fkk] ft l l s og mu vkn'kksZa ds Hkko dks l gt rk ds l kFk l e> ysa rFkk

i zR; sd {k.k ; kn j[ ksaA

fdl h u; s l t s euq"; dks vi uh l q/ jh n'kk dk vgl kl djkus ds fy, ] ml esa

LokfHkeku vkSj ,d l ewph t ekr ds l ka>ki u dh uhao Mkyus ds fy, ] cká : i vkSj

fopkjksa dh ,drk vko' ; d FkhA xq: t h Hkh t c uhpksa dks vkl eku i j p<+kus yxs]

xhnM+ksa dks ' ksj cukus yxs rc mUgksaus Hkh bu l oZ&l Eer l k/ uksa dk gh mi ; ksx fd; kA

os l k/ u D; k Fks \ og u; k : i D; k Fkk \ og l k/ u Fkk ver Ndkus dk

vkSj u; k : i Fkk Lo; ¡ xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dk vi ukA mUgksaus vi uh l eLr ekufl d vkSj

' kkjhfjd ' kfDr ; k¡ uohu O; fDr esa Hkj nha ft l l s xq:&psys dk vUr j gh l ekIr gks

x; kA xq:nso us vi us ' kCnksa esa bl Hkko dks bl i zdkj i zdV fd; k gS &

vkr e j l ft g t kugh] l ks gS [ kkyl k nsoA

eks eSa i zHk eSa] r kl eSa] j pd ukgh HksoA

; g ,d ,sl h vk'kh"k Fkh fd l e; kuql kj gj fl D[ k xq: xksfcUn fl a?k cu x; kA

xq:nso us u; k euq"; l t kdj ml s dgk & t k] rw Hkh oSl k gh l ar&; ks¼k] deZ&; ksxh]




139139

cgknqj] pkSM+h Nkrh okyk] l : dn] fuMj] nqf[ k; ksa dk nnZ&eUn] t +kfyeksa dk nq'eu]

LorU=krk dk i qt kjh] Lora=k fny&fnekx okyk] i k[ kaMksa dks m?kkM+us okyk] dfr&deZ

esa fo'okl j[ kus okyk] ck¡V dj [ kkus okyk] xjhcksa dk fe=k] ewfrZ i wt k i j fo'okl u

j[ kus okyk] l oZ l ¡l kj dk Hkyk pkgus okyk] dsoy ,d vdky i qj[ k ds vfr fjDr

vkSj fdl h i j Hkjksl k u j[ kus okyk] l nSo mUufr ' khy i zxfr dh vksj vxzl j] l ¡l kj esa

jgrk gqvk l ¡l kj l s foeq[ k] csykx gks t k] t Sl k xq: xksfcUn fl a?kA

gqvk Hkh ,sl k ghA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dh vk'kh"k ysus ml cS'kk[ kh okys fnu] l ewg

esa de l s de chl gt kj O; fDr mB [ kM+s gq,A dqN vl eat l esa i M+s jgsA dbZ mBdj

pys x; s D; ksafd bl u; s / eZ ds vkn'kZ ØkfUrdkjh Fks vkSj mu yksxksa esa vHkh i qjkus

jhfr&fjokt NksM+us dh fgEer ugha FkhA

yksx ;g ns[ kdj gSjku jg x; s fd xq: psyksa l s ver dk i zl kn xzg.k dj jgs

FksA nqfu; ka ds bfrgkl esa dksbZ ,sl h ?kVuk ugha gqbZ ft l esa fdl h xq: vFkok i hj&i SxEcj

us vi us erkoyfEc; ksa dks vi us cjkcj ; k vi us l s Å¡pk nt kZ fn; k gksA ;g : gkuh

t Egwfj; r dh ,d vuks[ kh fel ky i s' k gks jgh FkhA bl hfy, rks dgk x; k gS fd

¶okg&okg xq: xksfcUn fl a?k vki s xq: psykA

psys rks l nk gh l s xq: dh i z' kal k djrs vk, gSa] i j ; g xq: xksfcUn fl a?k gS

ft l us psyksa dks ; g cM+Ii u fn; k vkSj fy[ kk &

; q¼ ft r s bugh d s i zl kfn] bugh d s i zl kfn l q nku d j sA

vx m?k Vjs bugh d s i zl kfn] bugh d s d i k Qqu / ke HkjsA

bugh d s i zl kfn l qfo| k ybZ] bugh d h d i k l Hk ' k=kq ej sA

bugh d h d i k d s l t s ge gSa] ufg eks l s x+jhc d j ksj i j sA

; g vf}rh; i zt kra=k] ; g x+jhc fuokt +h vkSj ; g vFkkg uezrk& ufga eksl s

x+jhc djksj i js*& ' kk; n gh nqfu; k esa fdl h ds fgLl s bl gn rd vkbZ gks] ft ruh fd

xq: xksfcUnfl ag dsA i jUrq è; ku jgs&i k¡p I; kjksa dks t hou vkSj eR; q dh dM+h i jh{kk

ysdj p; u fd; k x; k Fkk] er i =k Mky dj pquko ughaA




140140

xq: l kfgc dh vksj l s psyksa }kjk ver i hus dh ek¡x l qudj fl D[ k l axrksa dks

gSjkuh rks gksuh gh Fkh psys Hkh ?kcjk x; sA dgus yxs& l Pps i kr ' kkg] ; g i ki gel s u

djok; saA vki gh rks ver ds nsus okys gSaA ge cspkjksa dh D; k gSfl ; r fd vki ds l keus

xqLrk[ kh djsa vkSj vki dks vki dh nkr esa l s ver Ndk; saA xq: xq: gS] psyk vkf[ kj

psykA ge vki dh cjkcjh Hkyk dSl s dj l drs gSa\ fQj cjkcjh gh ugha] vki rks gel s

nkr ek¡xdj gesa vi us l s Hkh Å¡pk nt kZ ns jgs gSa] ugha t h] ; g i ki gel s ugha gksxkA

vki gekjh nhu&nqfu; ka ds ekfyd gSaA geus vi uk yksd&i jyksd l q/ kjus dh Mksj

vki ds gkFk i dM+kbZ gSA vki dks Hkyk ver fdl i zdkj Ndk l drs gSa \ *

; g l qudj xq: t h us cgqr gh / S; Z vkSj l q: j esa vkdj dgk] vkt l s eSa ,d

u; s i aFk dh uhao j[ krk jgk gw¡] ft l esa u dksbZ NksVk gS u cM+k] u uhp gS u Å¡p] l Hkh

cjkcj gksaxsA bl ckr dks fl ¼ djus ds fy, vki yksxksa l s eSa Lo; ¡ ver i ku d: ¡xkA bl

l kekft d cjkcjh dk vkjEHk Lo; ¡ eq> gh l s gksxkA*

vc xq: ds i k¡p I; kjksa ds i kl bUdkj djus dk dksbZ cgkuk u FkkA mUgksaus xq:

t h dks Hkh ml h i zdkj ver Ndk; k] ft l i zdkj Lo; ¡ Ndk FkkA ; g n' ; ns[ kdj l kjs

okrkoj.k esa t ks'k vkSj [ kq'kh dh ck<+ l h vk xbZA okrkoj.k l R; Jh vdky ds

t ; dkjksa l s xw¡t mBk & l axrsa >we mBhaA / U; xq: xksfcUn fl a?k vki s xq: psyk*A

ver dh ck¡V nks gÝrs t kjh jgh vkSj ver Ndus okyksa dh l a[ ; k chl gt kj

l s vLl h gt kj gks xbZA ver i ku djus okyksa dh dk;k i yV xbZA os fl D[ kksa l s fl a?k cu

x,A bl fy, vkKk gqbZ fd vkt l s gj ,d fl [ k vi us uke ds l kFk fl a?k ' kCn t ksM+k

djsxkA bl h vkns'k ds vuql kj xksfcUn jk; t h dk uke Hkh i fjofrZr djds xq: xksfcUn

fl a?k dj fn; k x; kA

ver nsorkvksa dk Hkkst u gSA bl fy, ft l O; fDr us Hkh bl s Ndk] bUl ku u

jgk] HkV~Vh esa r i s gq, dapu dh HkkfUr [ kkfyl vFkok ' kq¼ gks x; kA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

us vi us i k¡p I; kjksa dks [ kkyl k dh mi kf/ nh vkSj xq: ukud dk fl D[ k [ kkyl k i aFk

dk l nL; cu x; kA




141141

bl ds i ' pkr~ xq:nso us bu ' kCnksa ds l kFk [ kkyl s dks l Ecksf/ r fd; k & vkt

l s vki vi us vki dks t kfr&i kfr l s eqDr ekuksA vki yksxksa dks fgUnqvksa vFkok

eql yekuksa fdl h dk Hkh rkSj r jhdk ugha vi ukuk] fdl h oge vFkok Hkze esa ugha i M+ukA

dsoy ,dek=k vdky i q: [ k esa Hkjksl k j[ kuk gS] t ks l Hkh dk j[ kokyk ( i kyd) gSA

ogha l f"V dk dÙkkZ vkSj uk'k djus okyk gSA vki ds bl u; s i aFk esa NksVs l s NksVk

O; fDr cM+s l s cM+s O; fDr ds cjkcj l e>k t k,xk vkSj l Hkh ,d nwl js dks HkkbZ l e>saxsA

vkt l s vki ds fy, fdl h rhFkZ ; k=kk dk i z'u ugha] u gh fdl h r i dk] dsoy xgLFk

t hou dks e; kZfnr cukvks vkSj / eZ ds fy, ' kghn gksus dks gj l e; rS; kj jgksA bl u; s

i aFk esa efgykvksa dks Hkh fcYdqy ogh vf/ dkj i zkIr gSa t ks i q: "kksa dksA efgyk, ¡ i q: "kksa ds

cjkcj l e>h t k,axhA yM+dh ekjus okyksa ds l kFk [ kkyl k l kekft d O; ogkj ugha j[ ksxkA

xq: ds i zfr i wjh J¼k ds : i esa i qjkus ½f"k; ksa eqfu; ksa dh HkkfUr [ kkyl k dsl j[ ksxkA

dsl ksa dks LoPN j[ kus ds fy, da?kk j[ kus dh vkKk gSA i jekRek ds fo'o&O; ki h gksus

dk fpUg vki ds gkFk esa ,d yksgs dk dM+k gksxkA ,d dPNk gksxk vki ds l a; e dh

fu'kkuhA l qj{kk ds fy, di k.k j[ kus dk gqDe gSA rEckdw vkSj LokLF; dks [ kjkc djus

okyh vU; u'khyh pht sa Hkh vki ds fy, oft Zr gSaA 'kL=kksa ds l kFk vki dks I; kj jgsxkA

vki vPNs ?kqM+l okj] fu' kkuph] ust k&ryokj ds / uh gksaxsA ' kkjhfjd ' kfDr dh mruh

gh dnj gksxh] ft ruh vkfRed l w>&cw> dhA fgUnw vkSj eql yeku ds eè; vki ,d

i qy dk dke nsaxsA fcuk t kfr ] jax] os'k vkSj et +gc dk [ ; ky fd, ] vki xjhcksa vkSj

nqf[ k; ksa dh l sok djsaxsA esjk [ kkyl k xjhcksa dk vkJ; gksxk vkSj i aFk esa nsx vkSj rsx

nksuksa dk i zpyu gksxkA vkt l s vki fl ag ' kCn dk mi ; ksx djsaxs vkSj ,d nwl js l s

feyus ds l e; okg xq: t h dk [ kkyl k okg xq: t h dh Q+rg* dgdj t ; dkjk

cqyk; saxsA

; g Fkk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dk [ kkyl k ds fy, gqDeukekA ; g dgus dh

vko' ; drk ugha fd : gkuh vkSj HkkbZpkjd i zt kokn ds t ks ml wy bl gqDeukesa esa nt Z

gSa] os brus ØkfUrdkjh vkSj xq: t h dh i zxfr ' khy ofÙk rFkk nwjn'khZ l w>&cw> ds

i fjpk; d gSa fd vkt dy ds i zxfr ' khy oSKkfud ; qx esa Hkh dbZ i f' peh ns'k Hkh bUgsa

vi ukus dk i z; Ru dj jgs gSaA




142142

bl r jg l kjs fl D[ k ,d i Dds fj' rs esa ca/ x, ft u dk ekrk] fi rk] t Ue

LFkku] okl h] Lo: i ] i ks'kkd] t hou l aLdkj l c ,d l eku gks x, FksA i gys i zR; sd

fl [ k vdsyk FkkA vc og i aFk esa l ek x; k FkkA ml i aFk esa ft l esa ver i ku djds xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k l kfgc Lo; ¡ l ek x, FksA t Sl s ,d cwan dk dksbZ egÙo ugha gksrk] i j cwan

& cwan gks dj l eqnz cu t krk gS vkSj i kuh ,d egku ' kfDr dk : i / kj.k dj ysrk

gS] ml h i zdkj t c fl [ k ¶i aFk dk : i cu x, rks og ,d egku ' kfDr dk vax cu

x,A og ' kfDr ft l us fgUnqLrku ds bfrgkl esa egÙoi w.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dhA t gk¡ i aFk

us / eZ dk i zpkj fd; k] l kekft d dqjhfr ; ksa dks nwj fd; k] ogha ,d [ kkl i zdkj ds

jkT; i zcU/ dk uewuk Hkh i s' k fd; k t ks ckck cank fl a?k t h cgknqj dh t RFksnkjh esa gqvkA

vi uh dfr [ kkyl k i aFk i j xq: l kfgc jh> mBsA jh>rs Hkh D; ksa u] vkf[ kj

230 o"kksZ ds i fjJe dk i fj.kke t ks FkkA I; kj esa vk dj vki us [ kkyl k dh mi ek bl

i zdkj dh &

[ kkyl k esj ks : i gS [ kkl A [ kkyl s efg gkSa d jkSa fuokl A

[ kkyl k esj ks eq[ k gS vaxkA [ kkyl s d s gma l n l n l axkA

[ kkyl k esj ks b"V l qfgjnA [ kkyl k esj ks d ghvr fcjnA

[ kkyl k esj ks i N v j i knkA [ kkyl k esj ks eq[ k vfgyknkA

[ kkyl k esj ks fer j l [ kkbZA [ kkyl k ekr fi r k l q[ knkbZA

[ kkyl k esjh l ksHkk l hykA [ kkyl k ca/ l [ kk l n MhykA

[ kkyl k esjh t kr v j i r A [ kkyl k l kS ek d h mr i r A

[ kkyl k esj ks Hkou HkaMkjkA [ kkyl s d j esj ks l fr d kj kA

[ kkyl k esj ks l t u i j okj kA [ kkyl k esj ks d j r m/ kj kA

[ kkyl k esj ks fi aM i j kuA [ kkyl k esjh t ku d h t kuA

eku egr esjh [ kkyl k l ghA [ kkyl k esj ks l okjFk l ghA

[ kkyl k esj ks d j s fujokgA [ kkyl k esj ks nsg v j l kgA




143143

[ kkyl k esj ks / j e v j d jeA [ kkyl k esj ks Hksn fut ejeA

[ kkyl k esj ks l fr xqj i wjkA [ kkyl k esj ks l t u l wjkA

[ kkyl k esj ks cq/ v j fxvkuA [ kkyl s d k gm / j ksa f/ vkuA

mi ek [ kkyl s t kr u d ghA ft gok , sd i kj ufg yghA

l sl j l u l kjn d h cq/ A r nQ mi ek cjur l q/ A

; k eSa jap u fefFkvk Hkk[ khA i kjczã xq: ukud l k[ kh\

j kse jkse t s j l uk i kÅA r ni [ kkyl k t l r fg xkmaA

gm [ kkyl s d ks [ kkyl k esj ksA vksr i ksr l kxj cwansjksA

( l c ykSg xzaFk esa l s)

j fgr e; kZnk d k egÙo

; g ckr Hkyh HkkfUr l e> ysuh pkfg, fd ver dh ' kfDr ds i hNs okLro esa

fl D[ kh dh jfgr vFkkZr t hou'kSyh gh dke djrh gSA ; fn ; g i z'u fd; k t k, fd

jfgr e; kZnk D; k gS \ rks ge mÙkj nsaxs fd vi uh euefr dks R; kx dj xq:efr dks

/ kj.k djds ml ds vuql kj t hou O; rhr djuk gh jfgr dk / kj.kh gksuk gSA

bl fo"k; i j xq:nso dk gekjs fy, vkns'k gS &

br q ekj fx pys HkkbZ vM+s] xq: d gS l q d kj d ek, t hmA

fr vkxs eu d h er M+h] fol kj s nwt k Hkkm t hmA

bl i kofg gfj nj l koM+k ug yxS r r h okm t hmA

( l wgh e- 5 i "B 763)

xq:nso ds ' kCn vFkkZr mi ns'k dh okLr fod jfgr ogh gS] t ks euq"; ds

vUr%dj.k esa l s fodkjksa dks l ekIr djds ml ds eu esa / eZ dk i zdk'k mRi Uu djrk

gSAPrint to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



144144

i wjs xq: ds ' kCn dks t hou esa O; kogkfjd : i nsrs gq, ] fl [ k dk ,d fo'ks"ki zdkj dk LoHkko cu t krk gSA ogh LoHkko ml dks cqjkb; ksa l s jksdrh gS vkSj / eZ l sfxjus ugha nsrh & Hkys gh fdruh gh dfBukb; k¡ vk t k,A ,d fo'ks"k i zdkj dh i zofÙkcukus ds fy, gh fl [ k dks i zfr fnu fuR; use djus dh fgnk; r nh xbZ gS vkSj dgk &

j fg. kh jgS l ksbZ fl [ k esj k] mg Bkd qj eSa ml d k psjkA

j fgr fcuk ufg fl [ k d gkoS] j fgr fcuk nj pksVk [ kkoSA

j fgr fcuk l q[ k d cgw u ygS] r ka r s j fgr l q n<+ d j j gSA

bl ds vfr fjDr xq:nso us l rdZ fd; k fd ; fn dksbZ O; fDr fl D[ kh os'k&Hkw"kkrks cukrk gS fdUrq fof/ or xq: nh{kk ugha ysrk vFkkZr i k¡p I; kjksa ds l e{k mi fLFkr

gksdj ver i ku ugha djrk rks esjh ml ds fy, i zrkM+uk gS &

/ j s d s' k i kgqy fcuk] Hks[ kh ew<+k fl [ kA

esjk nj ' ku ukfg r fg] i ki h fr vkxs fHk[ kA

bl i zdkj gqDe gqvk t c rd [ kkyl k i aFk U; kjk jgsxk] jfgr i j pysxk] rcrd og p<+nh dyk vFkkZr cqyafn; ksa esa jgsxk i jUrq t c og jfgr esa dksrkgh djsxkvFkkZr vuq'kkl ughu gks t k; sxk rks ml dk i ru fuf'pr l e>ks vkSj mUgksaus Qjekut kjh fd; kA

t c yx [ kkyl k j gs fuvkjk] r c yx r st nhvks eSa l kj kA

t c bg xgS fci j u d h jhr ] eSa u d j ks bud h i zr hr A

xq: fl [ k ds fy, t gk¡ eu dh jfgr vFkok vuq'kkfl r t hou'kSyh t : jh gS] ogharu dh jfgr Hkh t : jh gSA og gS i k¡p ddkjksa dk / kj.kdrkZ gksukA

i k¡p ddkjksa ds fo"k; esa funsZ'k bl i zdkj gSa &

u' kfu fl [ kh] bZ i at gjhQ d kQA

gj fxt + u ck' kn] bZ i at eqvkQA

d M+k d kjnks] d kN] d a?kk fcnkuA

fcuk d sl ] gsp vLr ] t qeyk fu' kkuA (HkkbZ uUn yky xks; k)




145145

nEHkh fl D[ kksa }kjk fojks/

bl cS'kk[ kh l Eesyu esa dqN nEHkh fl [ k Hkh vk; s gq, Fks] ft uds ân; esa vHkh

rd vi uh t kfr dk vfHkeku eu esa Hkjk gqvk FkkA mUgksaus xq:nso dh bl dk; Zokgh

dks fcYdqy i l Un u fd; kA os mBs vkSj fojks/ i zn'kZu djus yxs vkSj vi us / eZ]

jhfr ; ksa esa gLr{ksi ds vkjksi esa gYyk&xqYyk djus yxs fdUrq xq:nso pV~Vku dh r jg

vMksy jgs vkSj mUgksaus vi us fl agksa dks xq: ok.kh ds mnkgj.k l adsr : i esa i zLrqr djds

dgk &

t k d h Nksfr t xr d m ykxS r k i j r wgh <jSA

uhpgq Å¡p d jS esjk xksfcUn d kgw r s u MjSA ( i "B 1106 j fonkl )

mUgksaus dgk fd uhp vo' ; gh mPp gksaxsA ; g vdky i q: "k dk vkns'k gS]

ft l dk geus i kyu djuk gSA ft u yksxksa dks vkt t kfr ds dkj.k] czkã.k ?k.kk djrs

gSa] esjs i hNs os gh esjs mÙkjkf/ dkjh gksaxs vkSj l Eeku i zkIr djsaxsA xq:nso us vi uk opu

i w.kZ fd; k vkSj fdl h ds Hkh fojks/ dh dksbZ i jokg ugha dh vkSj uohu fl agksa dks oj

fn; k &

ft ud h t kr vkSj d qy ekagh] l j nkjh u HkbZ fd nkghA

fr ugh d ks l j nkj cukÅ¡] r cs xksfcUn fl a?k uke d gkÅ¡A

; Fkk

bu xjhc fl [ ku d ks nSa i kr ' kkghA

; kn d jS gejh xqfj vkbZA

l S¼kfUr d n"VkUr

,d fnu Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk njckj l t k gqvk FkkA xq:nso vi us

fl gkal u i j cSBs FksA dhrZuh t RFks e/ qj Loj esa xqjok.kh xk; u dhA rn~i 'pkr xqjefr




146146

ds ,d fo'ks"k fo}ku us xqjok.kh ds l oZJs"B vkSj l oksZÙke fl ¼kUrksa dh O; k[ ; k dh vkSjml us mu fl ¼kUrksa dks O; ogkfjd t hou esa vi ukus dh i zsj.kk nhA t c ; g l Tt u/ eZ ds l R; Lo: i i j i zdk'k Mky gh jgs Fks rks bruh nsj esa nl i Unzg fl D[ kksa dk ,dVksyk ckgj l s njckj esa i zos'k gqvkA muds i hNs cPps] t oku vkSj vU; yksx Å¡ps Lojesa g¡l rs gq, rFkk et kd djrs vk jgs FksA bu fl D[ kksa ds i kl ,d x/ k Fkk] ft l s osnjckj ds ckgj ck¡/ vk; s FksA vkus okys ,d fl D[ k us vi us dU/ s i j ' ksj dh l qUnj[ kky yVdkbZ gqbZ Fkh rFkk ml [ kky dk dqN Hkkx gkFk l s i dM+k gqvk FkkA

t c l Hkh fl D[ kksa us xq:nso dks ' kh'k >qdk dj i z.kke dj fy; k rks xq:nso usdqN fofp=k ' kksjxqy dk dkj.k i wNkA mUgksaus yksV&i ksV gksrs gq, og l kjk oÙkkUrl qukus yxsA bl ?kVukØe dks l kjh l axr us cM+s è; kui woZd Jo.k fd; kA ml fl D[ k uscrk; k] gt wj ! fi Nys rhu&pkj fnuksa l s uxj ds i f' pe dh vksj l s fudyus okysyksx] ,d ' ksj dks uxj dh l hek ds i kl [ ksrksa ds ml vksj ou ds fudV ?kwers gq, ns[ kjgs FksA ml r jQ l s vkus okys yksx dkQh l rZdrk l s vkokxeu dj jgs FksAbDds&nqDds ; k=kh rks ' ksj dks nwj l s gh ns[ kdj Hk; ds ekjs uxj dh vksj Hkkx djokfi l pys vkrs FksA ; g ppkZ l eLr uxj esa Hk; dk dkj.k cuh gqbZ gS vkSj vki dksbl dh l wpuk nh xbZ FkhA bl i j xq:nso gYdh&gYdh eqLdqjkgV l s l kjh l axr i jnf"V Mky jgs FksA

[ kksnk i gkM+ fudyk pwgk ! ml fl D[ k us okrkZ vkxs t kjh j[ krs gq, dgk &vkt l qcg uxj dk dqEgkj dqN x/ s ysdj fpduh feV~Vh ysus uxj ds ckgj t k jgkFkkA bu x/ ksa dks ns[ kdj ml ' ksj us jasduk ' kq: dj fn; kA ml 'ksj dks jasdrs ns[ kdjdqEgkj dks okLr fodrk l e>us esa nsj u yxhA ml us ml ' ksj dks t k i dM+k vkSj t kapkAfdl h us cM+h l ko/ kuh l s] bl x/ s ds Åi j ' ksj dh [ kky eM+ nh FkhA ft l dkj.k nwjl s bl Hksn dk fcYdqy Hkh i rk ugha yx jgk FkkA dqEgkj us bl ' ksjuqek x/ s dh ' ksjokyh [ kky mrkj yh t ks fd ge vki ds i kl ysdj gkft j gq, gSa vkSj og x/ k vc geckgj ck¡/ vk; s gSaA l kjh l axr g¡l h ds ekjs yksV&i ksV gks jgh FkhA l Hkh yksx bl

gkL; kLi n ?kVuk dks l qu g¡l h u jksd l dsA ckgj l s vk; k og fl D[ k l c dks rFkkdfFkr

' ksj dh [ kky fn[ kk jgk FkkA




147147

xq:nso us l Hkh l axr dks l Ecks/ u djrs gq, dgk] & ¶vki l c bl 'ksjuqek

x/ s dh vl fy; r i zdV gksus i j g¡l jgs gSa] i jUrq ; g crkvks fd vki esa l s dkSu ml

' ksjuqek x/ s dk HkkbZ gS \ fNi kus dh dksf'k' k u djksA+ l eLr l axr esa dksbZ Hkh ,sl k u

fudyk t ks ' ksjuqek x/ s ds l kFk l EcU/ i zdV djrkA

xq:nso dgus yxs fd fl D[ kksa esa vHkh cgqr l s ,sl s O; fDr gSa] t ks n<+rk rFkk

fo'okl dh deh ds dkj.k l e; l e; fopfyr gksrs jgrs gSa rFkk Mxexk dj HkVd

t krs gSaA mUgksaus dsoy ns[ kk&ns[ kh fl D[ kksa okyk Lo: i vo' ; gh / kj.k dj fy; k gS

i jUrq vUnj l s vkpj.k fl D[ kksa okyk ughaA dsoy os'k&Hkw"kk fl D[ kksa okyh Mkyus l s

/ eZ dk okLr fod ykHk i zkIr ugha gksrkA ft u fl D[ kksa us vi us eu dks l efi Zr ugha

fd; k vFkok ok.kh] jg.kh (t hou pfj=k) dks O;ogkfjd : i ugha fn; k] mudh ckgjh

fn[ kkoV dsoy / eZ dk <dksl yk cudj jg t krk gSA dke] Øks/ ] yksHk] eksg] vg¡dkj

i j dkcw i kdj] vUr%dj.k dh ' kqf¼] R;kx] e/ qjHkk"kh] i jksi dkjh t Sl s Å¡ps vkn'kksZa i j

vkpj.k djus i j ckgjh jgr dh ' kksHkk c<+rh gSA ckgjh jgr vFkkZr i k¡p ddkjh onhZ

/ kj.k djus i j O; fDr fl a?kksa ( ' ksjksa) t Sl k ekywe i M+rk gSA ; fn vUnj t hou pfj=k esa

i fjorZu u gqvk] fuHkZ; rk rFkk ' kkS; Z t Sl s xq.k mRi Uu u gq, rks O; fDr ml x/ s dh

r jg gS ft l i j ' ksj dh [ kky eM+h gqbZ FkhA okLro esa fn[ kkos okys yksx gh / eZ ds

vi eku dk dkj.k curs gSa vkSj ml x/ s dh r jg vi ekfur gksdj vi uk ' ksjksa okyk

Lo: i [ kks cSBrs gSaA vr% l nkpkjh xq.kksa okyk t hou gh fl D[ kh gS vFkok ' ksjksa okyk

Lo: i gSA

xq:nso us Li "V fd; k fd mUgksaus gh x/ s i j ' ksj dh [ kky eM+ok dj ; g dkSrqd

jpk Fkk] ft l l s t u&l k/ kj.k dks n"VkUr nsdj xqjefr n<+ djokbZ t k l dsA

HkkbZ t ksxk fl a?k t h

,d ckj l hek i zkUr ds uxj i s' kkoj l s xq: n'kZuksa ds fy, ,d dkfQyk

vkuUni qj i gq¡pkA bl dkfQys esa ,d fd'kksj Hkh Fkk t ks cgqr J¼kHkfDr j[ krk FkkA og

vkrs gh l axkrsa dh l sok esa O;Lr jgus yxkA l axrksa dks i a[ kk djuk] i kuh fi ykuk] yaxj




148148

esa crZu l kQ djuk bR; kfn dk; Z og eu yxkdj dj jgk FkkA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h

ml ds l sokHkko l s eu gh eu vfr i zl Uurk O; Dr dj jgs FksA vr% mUgksaus ml s i zse l s

vi us i kl cqyk; k vkSj cgqr Lusg l s i wNk & rqEgkjk uke D; k gS \ fd' kksj us mÙkj

fn; k & esjk uke t ksxk gSA bl i j xq:nso us nwl jk i z'u fd; k fd rqe fdl ds t ksxs

gks vFkkZr fdl dks l efi Zr gks \ mÙkj esa t ksxs us dgk & gt wj] eSa rks dsoy vki dk

t ksxk gw¡A mÙkj l qudj xq:nso jh> mBs vkSj mUgksaus rqjUr fd'kksj dks daB l s yxk; k

vkSj Lusgi woZd dgk & vPNk Bhd gS] ; fn rqe gekjs t ksxs gks rks eSa Hkh rqEgkjs t ksxk

jgw¡xkA bl i zdkj nksuksa vksj l s Lusg c<+us yxkA fd'kksj l nSo xq:nso dh l sok esa rRi j

jgus yxkA i s' kkoj dh l axr rks oki l pyh xbZ fdUrq xq:nso us bl fd' kksj dks ml ds

vfHkHkkodksa l s ek¡x dj vi us i kl j[ k fy; kA

l e; O; rhr gksus yxkA fd'kksj t ksxk l sok cgqr yXu l s djus yxk vkSj og

xq:nso dh di k dk i k=k cuk jgrkA bl i zdkj dbZ o"kZ O; rhr gks x; s vkSj fd' kksj

t ksxk ;qod cu x; kA t ksxk fl a?k ds fi rk t h i s' kkoj l s vkuUni qj vk; s vkSj mUgksaus

xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk dh fd xq:nso vc t ksxk fl a?k dks vkKk i znku djsa og

fookg djok ys D; ksafd geus bl dk fj' rk fuf'pr dj j[ kk gSA xq:nso us t ksxk fl a?k

l s i z'uokpd nf"V l s ml dh bPNk t kuuh pkgh rks ml us mÙkj fn; k & vki dh t ks

vkKk gksxh eSa oSl k gh d: ¡xkA xq:nso us ml s fookg djokus dh vuqefr nh vkSj dgk

& vPNk ?kj t kvks fdUrq t c ge ; kn djsa t Ynh ykSV vkukA ; qod t ksxs us vk'okl u

fn; kA xq:nso ,sl k gh gksxk] vki fpUrk u djsaA

; qod t ksxk vfHkHkkodksa ds l kFk ?kj i s' kkoj uxj i gq¡pkA dqN fnu ds Hkhr j gh

ml dk fookg gksuk fuf'pr FkkA t c fookg esa Qsjs i M+us yxs rks vfUre Qsjs l s i gys

ml s ,d fl D[ k us ,d i =k ml ds gkFk esa Fkek fn; kA ft l esa xq:nso dk gqDeukek FkkA

gqDeukes esa dqN bl i zdkj fy[ kk Fkk & I; kjs t ksxk fl a?k ft l l e; Hkh ; g i =k rqEgsa

i zkIr gks ml h {k.k fcuk fdl h foyEc gekjs i kl pys vkvksA bl dk; Z ds fy,

l e; &vl e; dk è; ku ugha djukA t Sl s gh ; g i =k t ksxk fl a?k us i <+kA og ml {k.k

Qsjs chp esa gh NksM+ xq:nso dh vksj vkuUni qj py i M+kA l Hkh l EcfU/ ; ksa us cgqr




149149

l e>k; k fd vfUre Qsjk ysdj pys t kvks dksbZ ugha jksdsxk] fdUrq t ksxk fl a?k us ,d

ugha ekuhA dsoy ; gh dgk fd xq:nso dk gqDe gh ,sl k gSA eSa vi uh vksj l s dqN ugha

dj l drkA t ksxk fl a?k ?kj l s py i M+kA ml h dh ryokj ysdj vfUre Qsjk i wjk fd; k

x; kA ; g i =k xq:nsous ,d fl D[ k dks cgqr fnu i gys nsdj i s' kkoj Hkst fn; k Fkk] ft l s

vkns'k Fkk fd gekjk gqDeukek t ksxk fl a?k dks vfUre Qsjs l s i gys gh nsukA ml us oSl k

gh fd; k FkkA

HkkbZ t ksxk t h i s' kkoj uxj l s fcuk fdl h foyEc vkuUni qj i zLFkku dj x; sA

ekxZ esa ml ds eu esa ,d fopkj mRi Uu gqvk fd eSaus vi us xq: dh vkKk ds fy, cgqr

cM+k R;kx fd; k gSA ; fn eSa vfUre Qsjk ys ysrk rks dkSul h foi fÙk vk t kuh FkhA vr%

og l kspus yxk & eSa xq:nso dk vfr fudVorhZ f'k"; gw¡] t gk¡ xq:nso eq> l s Lusg

djrs gSa] ogk¡ esjh Hkh muds i zfr J¼kHkfDr de ugha gSA eSaus Hkh xgLFk l q[ k dk R; kx

fd; k gSA

HkkbZ t ksxk t h ; k=kk djrs djrs gksf' k; kji qj i gq¡p x; sA l aè; k ds l e; og fdl h

l jk; esa Bgjus ds fy, LFkku [ kkst jgs Fks fd mudh nf"V ,d vfr l qUnj ; qorh i j

i M+h t ks nqYgu : i esa l t h gqbZ FkhA ml us dkeqd nf"V l s t ksxk fl a?k dks vkeaf=kr fd; kA

; qod t ksxk fl a?k fopfyr gks mBkA ml s vi uh nqYgu dh ; kn l rkus yxhA nqfo/ k esa

t ksxk fl a?k dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha ys l dkA ml us l kspk &dqN va/ dkj gks t kus i j eSa ykSV

dj bl ; qorh l s l EcU/ cukÅ¡xkA vHkh l kekft d cU/ u vkSj dbZ i zdkj dh nhokjsa

gSaA t ksxk fl a?k Hkkokos'k esa l e; O; rhr djus yxkA t Sl s gh xgjk va/ dkj gqvk] t ksxk

ml ; qorh ds pkSckjs i j i gq¡pk i jUrq ogk¡ ml s ,d cgqr jkschyk l Ur jh [ kM+k fn[ kkbZ fn; k

ft l ds gkFk esa ,d pkUnh dh pksc (yV~B) FkhA pkscnkj us t ksxs dks cgqr d: j nf"V

l s ns[ kk vkSj vi uh pksc dks t ehu l s Vdjk dj ct k; kA bl i j t ksxk l rdZ gqvk vkSj

; g l ksprk gqvk ykSV vk; k fd dksbZ cM+k O; fDr ml ; qorh ds i kl vk; k gSA ml ds

ykSVus i j eSa pyk t kÅ¡xkA yxHkx ,d i gj : dus ds ckn t ksxk fQj l s pkSckjs ds i kl

i gq¡pk fdUrq l Ur jh ogha [ kM+k Fkk vkSj ml us Øks/ esa vkokt yxkbZ & dkSu gS js rw !

t ksxk dk¡i x; k vkSj oki l pyk vk; kA t ksxk fl a?k dh vk¡[ kksa esa uhan rks Fkh ugha og




150150

i zrh{kk djus yxk fd og O; fDr t ks pkSckjs i j ; qorh ds i kl gS] ykSV t k, rks eSa t kÅ¡A

t c vk/ h jkf=k gks xbZ rks t ksxk fl a?k us fQj pkSckjs dk pDdj yxkus dk l kgl fd; k

fdUrq l Ur jh rks ogha [ kM+k FkkA t ksxk bl ckj nwj l s gh ykSV vk; k vkSj cM+h csl czh l s

l Ur jh ds gVus dh i zrh{kk djus yxkA t c jkf=k dk vfUre i gj gqvk rks t ksxk fl a?k

i qu% pkSckjs dk pDdj yxkus i gq¡p x; kA fdUrq bl ckj l Ur jh us ml s QVdkjrs gq,

dgk & fn[ krk rks dksbZ fl D[ k gS fdUrq ver csyk esa pkSckjs ds pDdj dkV jgk gSA

t kvks Luku djds i wt k i kB djksA l Ur jh dh bl MkaV us rks HkkbZ t ksxk fl a?k t h dks

okLr fodrk ds / jkry i j yk [ kM+k dj fn; kA og fopkjus yxk fd bl l Ur jh us eq>s

vkt udZxkeh gksus l s cpk fy; k gS vkSj og rqjUr ykSV dj vi us fuR; use esa O; Lr

gks x; sA l w; ksZn; gksrs gh og vkuUni qj ds y, py i M+kA ogk¡ l s vkuUni qj dh nwjh

yxHkx 15 dksl Fkh t ks nksi gj rd i wjh gks xbZA vkuUni qj i gq¡prs gh t ksxk fl a?k l h/

k xq:nso ds n'kZuksa ds fy, muds njckj esa i gq¡pk vkSj n.Mor~ i z.kke djds muds l e{k

cSB x; kA xq:nsous ml l s dq'ky{kse i wNhA mÙkj esa t ksxk dk Loj / hek jgk vkSj mul s

nf"V feyk u l dkA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & rqeus jkrHkj ge dks oS' ; k ds }kj i j

rSukr j[ kk] ge l s rqeus cgqr dM+h l sok yh gSA ns[ kks u jkr Hkj t xus ds dkj.k vc

gesa uhan ds >ksads vk jgs gSaA ; g l qurs gh ; ksxk fl a?k QwV&QwV dj jks i M+k vkSj xq:nso

ds pj.kksa esa ysVdj {kek; kpuk djus yxkA ml dk xyk :a/ u ds dkj.k Hkj vk; k vkSj

dgus yxk eSa vki dk vYi K cPpk gw¡] dne&dne i j Mxexk x; k gw¡] esjh Hkwy {kek

ds i k=k ugha gS] rks Hkh {kek djsaA mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk & rqEgsa ; kn gksxk] rqeus dgk

Fkk eSa vki ds t ksxk gSa rks ge Hkh rqEgkjs t ksxs gSaA vr% gekjk fcjn Fkk rqEgkjh j{kk

djukA

czkã. k nsonkl

,d ckj vkuUni qj l kgc esa Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk njckj l t k gqvk Fkk

rks ,d gksf' k; kji qj fuokl h nsonkl uked czkã.k cgqr nhun'kk esa jksrk&fcy[ krk

i zkFkZuk fy; s gq, mi fLFkfr gqvkA ml us xq:nso ds l e{k vi uh Qfj; kn j[ kh vkSj dgk




151151

& eSa vi uh nqYgu dks ml ds ek; ds l s fonkbZ ysdj vki us xk¡o t k jgk Fkk fd jkLrs

esa cLl h uxj ds i Bku l jnkj t kCcj [ k+ku us esjh i Ruh dks eq> l s Nhu fy; k gSA eSaus

cgqr ph[ ki qdkj dh i jUrq esjh fdl h us ugha l quh vkSj mYVk eq>s i dM+ dj cgqr ekjk

gSA vc eSa vki dh ' kj.k esa vk; k gw¡A esjh l gk; rk djsa vkSj esjh i Ruh eq>s oki l

fnyok,aA

xq:nso us ml dh Qfj; kn l qudj vi us cM+s l qi q=k vt hr fl a?k dks cqyk;k vkSj

ml s vkns'k fn; k fd vi us l kFk ,d l Sfud VqdM+h ys t kvks vkSj rqjUr cLl h ds i Bku

t kCcj [ k+ku dks ml ds fd; s dk n.M nsdj bl xjhc czkã.k dh i Ruh dks ml dh dSn

l s eqfDr fnyokvksA

l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k ft l dh vk; q dsoy 16 o"kZ Fkh] yxHkx 100 fl D[ k

; ks¼kvksa dks l kFk fy; k vkSj nsonkl czkã.k dks ?kksM+s ds i hNs fcBkdj cLl h {ks=k esa

i gq¡psA mUgksaus rqjUr t kCcj [ k+ku dh gosyh dks ?ksj fy; k vkSj gosyh dk njokt k rksM+dj

vUnj i zos'k dj x; sA bl i j i Bku Hk; Hkhr gksdj ' kksj epkus yxs] fl D[ k vk x; s !

fl D[ k vk x; s !! fdl h Hkh i Bku dh fgEer ugha gks jgh Fkh fd og bu ; ks¼kvksa l s

yksgk ysA t kCcj [ k+ku Hkhr j ds dejs esa t k fNi k] ryk'kh vfHk; ku esa i dM+k x; kA

nsonkl czkã.k us nks"kh t kCcj [ k+ku dks i gpku fy; kA nsonkl dh i Ruh Hkh cjken dj

yh xbZ vkSj ml s nsonkl dks l kSai k x; kA bl ds vfr fjDr fdl h L=kh vFkok fdl h oLrq

dks Nqvk rd ughaA dsoy t kCcj [ k+ku dks cka/ dj ?kksM+s i j ykndj vi us l kFk

vkuUni qj oki l pys vk; sA t kCcj [ k+ku dks ml ds deksZa dh dM+h l t k nh xbZA xq:nso

l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k ds bl dkjukes i j vfr i zl Uu gq,A

nhi d kSj

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa eka>k {ks=k dh l axr us i zkFkZuk dh] gs

xq:nso ! ekbZ nhi dkSj us vki dk ver Ndk gSA t c ge rycu ds dq,a i j i kuh i h

jgs Fks rks ; g FkksM+h nwj vkxs fudy xbZA bl s vdsyk ns[ kdj pkj rqdksZa us ?ksj fy; k]

bl us vi uk l ksus dk dax.k mrkjdj QsadkA t c ,d rqdZ dax.k dks mBkus yxk] rks




152152

bl us ryokj [ khap yh vkSj ml i j okj fd; kA og ?kk; y gksdj fxj i M+kA 'ks"k rqdZ

?kcjkdj ' kL=k l EHkkyus yxs rks bl us fuHkZ; gksdj ,sl h ryokj ekjh fd ,d ,d

djds nks dkss fxjk fn; kA pkSFks dks ?kk; y djds ml ds Åi j p<+dj cSB xbZ vkSj

ryokj ml dh Nkrh esa ekj gh jgh Fkh fd brus esa ge yksx i gq¡p x,A pkjksa i ki h ej

pqds FksA ge ' kh?kzrk l s ogk¡ l s nhi dkSj dks l kFk ysdj jkLrk cny ; gk¡ vk i gqaps gSaA vc

gekjs dbZ l kFkh ; g oge djrs gSa fd nhi dkSj us gR; k dh gS vkSj ; g rqdZ l s Nwdj

Hkz"V gks xbZ gSA**

l Rxq: t h us g¡l dj dgk] ^bl us rks vi us / eZ rFkk vi us i zk.kksa dh j{kkdh gSA

; g ' kwjohj fl a?kuh i aFk dh i q=kh gSA ; g Hkz"V ugha gqbZA vNwr yksx bl ds pj.kksa dks

Nwdj i fo=k gksaxsA bl dk uke ohjksa dh Js.kh esa jgsxk vkSj ; g i fo=k&i kou dgyk,xhA

rqe l c ver Ndks] rkfd rqEgkjs Hkze&Hk; nwj gksa vkSj ' ksj i q=k cu t kvksA** ml h fnu

l kjh l axr us ver i ku fd; kA

gfj uke d h efgek

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h njckj esa fojkt eku FksA dhrZuh; fl a?k xq:ok.kh dk

xk; u dj jgs FksA l axr dk l eqg Jksrk : i esa ok.kh ds mi ns'kksa i j è; ku ,dkxj eu

esa cl h nqfo/ k i j fopkj jgs Fks fd ok.kh dh dqN fo'ks"k i afDr ; ksa us l axr dk è; ku

vkdf"kZr fd; kA i afDr ; k bl i zdkj Fkh &

ek/ m t y d h fi vkl u t kbA

t y efg vxfu mBh vf/ d kbA jgkmA

dhrZu dh l ekfIr i j ,d fl D[ k ys xq:nso l s i afDr ds vFkZ i wNs fd t y efg

vxfu mBh vf/ dkb ds D;k vFkZ gq,A t y esa vxfu mBh & l e> esa ugha vkbZA

xq:nso us crk; k fd ; g i afDr ; ka HkDr dchj t h dh gSaA og t ho vkRek dh r jQ l s

i zHkq dks l Ecks/ u djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd gs ek; k i fr ! rsjs uke : i h ver dh I; kl ugha

feVrhA t Sl s gh rsjk uke : i h ver i zkIr gqvk gS] eu esa r ".kk : i h vfXu vkSj Toyar




153153

gks mBh gS fd eSa uke : i ver l nSo i hrk gh jgw¡] ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh rq> l s t qnk

u jgw¡A

bl l Ei w.kZ ' kCn ds vFkksZa ds i 'pkr~ xq:nso t h us l axr l s i z'u fd; k fd dksbZ

,sl k fl D[ k t ks ; g crk l ds fd HkDr dchj t h ds l edkyhu l ezkV vFkok ckn'kkg

dkSu dkSu l s gq, gSa \ l eLr l axr fopkjeXu gks xbZA l Hkh us fHkUu fHkUu mÙkj fn; s

i jUrq dksbZ n<+rk l s mÙkj ugha ns i k; kA bl i j xq:nso us ,d fopkj j[ kk fd HkDr

dchj dks l Hkh t kurs gSa t ks fd ,d xjhc t qykgk Fkk fdUrq ml l e; dk l ezkV t ks

fd yk[ kksa fl i kfg; ksa dh l suk j[ krk Fkk] dksbZ ugha t kurk] bl dk dkj.k crk l drs gks\

l Hkh mÙkj dh [ kkst esa O; Lr gks x; sA vUr esa ,d fl D[ k us dgk & xq:ok.kh vuql kj

rks ; g i afDr bl ckr dk mfpr mÙkj nsrh gS % &

ft l q uhp d ks d m u t kuS] ukeq t i r vksg pkgq d qaV ekuSA

i "B & 386

xq:nso mÙkj l qudj vfr i zl Uu gq, vkSj dgus yxs & uke t i us dh efgek

vi jEi kj gSA

' kq¼ ok. kh mPpkj . k i j cy

,d fnu fl D[ k i k¡p xzaFkh* uked i qLrd esa l s xq:ok.kh d.BLFk djus dk

i z; kl dj jgk FkkA og fl D[ k Å¡ps Loj esa nf{k.kh vksadkj uked jpuk ds i | xk; u

dj jgk FkkA ml dk Loj e/ qj FkkA bl fy, ogk¡ l s xqt jrs l e; xq:nso dqN {k.k ds

fy, [ kM+s gks x; sA ml l e; fl D[ k i afDr mPpkj.k dj jgk Fkk % &

/ uq / j . kh / : vkfi v t ksuh r ksfy cksfy l pq i wjkA

d j r s d h fefr d j r k t k. kS d S t k. kS xq# l wjkA

fdUrq fl D[ k us i afDr v' kq¼ mPpkj.k dj nh ft l dkj.k vFkksZa ds vuFkZ gks

x; s] Hkko fcYdqy foi jhr cu x; sA fl D[ k us i afDr esa Hkwy vFkok yki jokgh ds dkj.k

dS] ds LFkku i j ds i <+kA ds t k.kS xq# l wjkA bl i zdkj vFkZ cks/ gks x; k dh] i zHkq dh




154154

efgek ogh t ku l drk gS] xq: bR; kfn yksx Hkh ugha t ku l drsA t c fd dS ds vFkZ

gksrs gSa fd i zHkq dh efgek dks ml dsvfr fjDr i w.kZ xq: Hkh t kurs gSa vFkkZr dS cjkcj

; k ds gqvk fdUrq fl D[ k us mPpkj.k fd; k ds t k.kS] vFkZ gqvk D; k t kurk gSA

v'kq¼ ok.kh dk mPpkj.k l qudj xq:nso us ml fl D[ k dks l Ecks/ u djds dgk

& vki è; ku l s bl i afDr dks i qu% mPpkj.k djsaA fdUrq og fl D[ k xyrh i j è; ku

,dkxj ugha dj i k; kAml us i qu% ogh Hkwy nksgjkbZ dS ds LFkku i j ds* ' kCn dk

mPpkj.k fd; kA bl i j xq:nso cgqr {kqC/ gq,A mUgksaus ,d l sod dks dgk & bl s ,d

pkaVk yxkvks ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA pkaVk yxus l s og fl D[ k : "V gks x; k vkSj dgus

yxk esjs l s dkSul h Hk; adj Hkwy gqbZ gS t ks eq>s vi ekfur fd; k x; k gS \ xq:nso us ml s

l e>krs gq, dgk & ds rFkk dS ds vFkZ l e> yks vkSj fQj l Ei w.kZ i | ds vFkZ ns[ kks

fdruk vUr j gqvk gSA ,sl k gh fd; k x; k vkSj t kuk x; k fd ,d ek=kk dk mPpkj.k

u djus l s vFkZ fcYdqy foi jhr gks t krs gSaA xq:nso us l eh{kk dh vkSj dgk & xq:ok.kh

i <+us dk rHkh ykHk gks l drk gS t c ge ml s è; kui woZd ' kq¼ i <+s vU; Fkk gekjk fd; k

gqvk deZ fu"Qy pyk t krk gSA

vkè; kfRed l eL; k d k l ek/ ku

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa ,d ft Kkl w us fourh dh fd gs xq:nso !

ge xq#ok.kh dk i Bu cgqr djrs gSa fdUrq gekjs eu dks ' kkfUr vFkok r fIr i zkIr ugha

gksrhA fQj ; gh ckr l axr esa l s cgqr l a[ ; k esa fl D[ kksa us Hkh dghA xq:nso t h us dgk

Bhd gSA bl i z'u dk mÙkj ge nksi gj ds Hkkst u ds l e; nsaxsA fdUrq fdl h us Hkh

vkt i kuh ugha i huk gSA xehZ ds fnu Fks vkKk vuql kj fdl h us Hkh i kuh ugha i h; kA xehZ

ds dkj.k l Hkh O; kdqy gks x; s vkSj I; kl l rkus yxhA xq:nso us l Hkh dks ,d ,d yksVk

Hkj dj i kuh ykus dks dgk vkSj vkns'k fn; k fd bl i kuh ds pqYys gh djus gSa] fdl h

us Hkh bl s i huk ugha gSA ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA pqYys djus l s i kuh l ekIr gks x; kA rHkh

xq:nso us i z'u fd; k fd l Hkh crk; sa fd I; kl cq>h dh ughaA mÙkj esa l axr dgus yxh

fd dHkh pqYys djus l s Hkh fdl h dh I; kl cq> l drh gS Hkyk\ bl i j xq:nso us




155155

eqaLdqjkrs gq, dgk & ogh rks eSa Hkh dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd dsoy ok.kh i <+us ek=k l s

' kkfUr ugha feyrhA ok.kh ds Hkko ân; esa cl kus i <+rs gSaA dsoy ok.kh i <+uk ml h i zdkj

gS ft l i zdkj geus BaMs i kuh ds pqYys dj fy,A

pfj=k fuekZ. k i j fo' ks"k cy

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ,d fnu vi us njckj esa nwj nwj l s n'kZuksa dks vkus okyh

l axrksa dk Lokxr dj jgs Fks fd ,d fl D[ k us mUgsa l wpuk nh fd gekjs t okuksa ds gkFk

esa ' k=kq i {k dh dqN fL=k; k¡ yx xbZ gSaA di ; k vkns'k nsa fd muds l kFk fdl i zdkj dk

O; ogkj fd; k t k,A ; g l qurs gh xq:nso us mu fL=k;ksa dks njckj esa cqyok fy; k vkSj

mudks l Eekfur djds dgk & i qf=k; ksa vki fpUrk u djsa t Ynh gh l Hkh dks muds ?kjksa

esa ck&bTt r ( l Eekui woZd) i gq¡pk fn; k t , xk vkSj ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA rn~i 'pkr

mu t okuksa dks cqykdj xq:nso us xq:er fl ¼kUr l e>krs gq, dgk & geus i aFk dks

cgqr Å¡ps vkpj.k okyk cukuk gSA ; fn gekjs f' k"; Hkh ogh =kqfV djsaxs t ks l k/ kj.k

l Sfud djrs gSa rks ge esa vkSj mu esa vUr j dgk¡ jg x; kA geus rqEgsa vkpj.k l s l ar

vkSj dÙkZO; l s fl i kgh cukuk gS] ft l l s l ¡l kj Hkj esa fot ; i zkIr djrs gq, uke

dekvksxsA rqe cfynku vkSj R; kx dk i ; kZ; okph dgykvksxsA bl i j ,d fl D[ k us

nCch t qcku esa dgk & xq:nso ' k=kq rks gekjh fL=k; ksa l s vHknz O; ogkj djrs gSa vkSj

mudk ' khy Hkax dj nsrs gSaA ; fn i zfr ' kks/ esa ,sl k dqN u fd; k x; k rks mudks l cd

dSl s feysxk \ mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk & vfXu l s vfXu ugha cq>rh ml ds fy, l nSo

i kuh dk i z; ksx djuk gksrk gSA Hkko gesa ' k=kqrk feVkus ds fy, vuSfrdrk l s ugha

uSfrdrk l s dke ysuk gksxk] nwl js ge rqEgsa ujdxkeh u cuus nsaxsA i jL=khxkeh i wjs

l ekt ds i ru dk dkj.k curk gSA bl hfy, geus vkpkj l afgrk* esa rqEgsa ([ kkyl s

dks) l rdZ fd; k gS fd og i j&ukjhxkeh ugha gksxkA




156156

fo| kr k i j vVwV vkLFkk

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds njckj esa gj fl D[ k vi us J¼k l qeu vfi Zr djus

ds fy, mi fLFkr gksuk pkgrk FkkA HkkSxksfyd nwfj; ka muds fy, dksbZ egÙo ugha j[ kh

FkhA t c Hkh dHkh l e; feys os xq: njckj esa gkt jh nsrs vkSj vi us dks / U; eku ysrs

Fks fd mudks xq:nso ds n'kZuksa dk l kSHkkX; i zkIr gqvk gSA

,d fl D[ k t xk/ jh uxj ds fudV ,d xk¡o esa jgrk FkkA og dq'ky dkjhxj

(c<+bZ) dk dk; Z djrk FkkA ml dh vk; fuEu Lr j dh FkhA rc rHkh ml esa l s dqN

va'k cpr djds l qjf{kr j[ krk vkSj yxHkx ,d ekg esa ,d ckj vo' ; gh xq:nso ds

n'kZuksa dks vkuUni qj i Sny ; k=kk djrs gq, i gq¡p t krkA ml dk ;g fu; e dbZ o"kksZa l s

pyrk vk jgk Fkk fdUrq og vU; fl D[ kksa dh r jg vkuUni qj dHkh Hkh :drk ugha FkkA

ml dks Hk; cuk jgrk Fkk fd ; fn og l e; vuql kj ?kj oki l u ykSVk rks ml dk

i fjokj / u ds vHkko esa Hkw[ kk ej t k,xk D; ksafd ml us ?kj i j ,d fnu dk gh [ kpZ

fn; k gqvk gSA ,d ckj xq:nso us ml s i kl cqykdj dgk & fl a?k t h vki bl ckj gekjs

i kl dqN fnu jgsA ,sl h gekjh bPNk gSA mÙkj esa fl D[ k us vi uh xq:nso ds l e{k

foo' rk crkbZ fd og dsoy ,d fnu dk gh [ kpZ ?kj i j nsdj vk; k gSA ; fn og l e;

i j u ykSVk rks i fjokj dks cgqr d"V mBkus i M+ l drs gSaA xq:nso us ml s l e>krs gq,

dgk & vki fpUrk u djsaA fo/ krk fdl h i zk.kh dks Hkh Hkw[ kk ugha ekjrk og l Hkh ds

fjt +d dk i zcU/ djrk gSA vr% gesa ml i j i w.kZ vkLFkk j[ kuh pkfg, fdUrq og fl D[ k

vi us ân; esa fo'okl mRi Uu ugha dj i k; kA xq:nso ml ds ân; esa cl s Hkze dks

fudkyuk pkgrs Fks fd og i fjokj dk i ks"k.k ugha dj jgk vfi rq dksbZ vkSj egk'kfDr

gS t ks l Hkh dks fjt +d ( jkst h jksVh) ns jgh gSA dsoy ge rks ,d l k/ u ek=k gSaA xq:nso

ds ncko Mkyus i j Hkh og fl D[ k :dus dks rS; kj ugha gqvk dsoy ,d ckr gh dgrk

jgkA vki eq>s dksbZ vkSj l sok crk,a eSa l g"kZ d: ¡xk fdUrq esjs fy, : duk vl EHko gSA

bl i j xq:nso us ; qfDr l s dke djus ds fopkj l s ml s dgk & Bhd gS] ; fn rqe ugha

:duk pkgrs rks gekjk ,d i =k i hj cq¼q'kkg t h dks l <ksjs uxj esa nsus dk d"V djsaA




157157

; g uxj vki ds fudV gh i M+rk gSA fl D[ k us xq:nso l s cUn i =k fy; k vkSj l <ksjs py

fn; kA jkLrs esa fopkjus yxk eq>s dqN dksl vf/ d pyuk i M+sxk D; ksafd ; g uxj

t xk/ jh l s dqN gV dj i oZrh; {ks=k dh rgjkbZ esa gS fdUrq dksbZ ckr ugha xq:nso dk

l ans'k mfpr LFkku i j i gq¡p t k,xkA og vxys fnu l <+ksjs i hj t h ds i kl i gq¡pk vkSj

xq:nso t h dk i =k mudks fn; kA i hj t h us fl a?k t h l s dq'ky {kse i wNh vkSj mudk

vfr fFk l Rdkj djus ds fy, t yi ku ykus dk vkns'k fn; kA i jUrq fl a?k t h us vkKk

ekaxh vkSj dgk & eq>s nsj gks jgh gS eSa :d ugha l drk D; ksafd eSaus vi uh jkst h jksVh

ds fy, ?kj t kdj et +nwjh djuh gSA i hj t h us dgk & og rks Bhd gSA bruh nwj l s

vki esjs fy, l ans'k yk, gSa rks eSa vki dks fcuk l sok fd; s t kus ugha nw¡xkA foo'krk ds

dkj.k fl a?k t h uk' rk djus yxsA rc rd i hj t h us i =k [ kksy dj i <+ fy; kA ml esa

xq:nso t h dh r jQ l s i hj t h dks vkns'k Fkk fd bl fl D[ k dks N% ekg rd vi us

i kl vfr fFk : i esa j[ kuk gS] budks ?kj t kus ugha nsukA ; g i zl Uurki woZd jgsa rks Bhd

ugha rks cyi woZd j[ kuk gS vkSj budh l sok esa dksbZ dksj dl j ugha j[ kuhA

uk' rk djus ds mi jkUr t c fl a?k t h us vkKk ekaxh rks i hj t h us mudks

xq:nso dk vkns'k l quk fn; k vkSj dgk & vc vki dh bPNk gS gekjs i kl cyi woZd

jgsa vFkok LosPNk l sA xq:nso dk vkns'k l qudj fl a?k t h LrC/ jg x; sA fdUrq vc dksbZ

pkjk Hkh ugha FkhA vkf[ kj eu ekj dj jgus yxsA / hjs / hjs fnu dVus yxsA t c N% ekg

l Ei w.kZ gq, rks mudks i hj t h us ?kj t kus dh vkKk ns nhA t c fl a?k t h xk¡o esa i gq¡ps rks

ogka mudh >ksai M+h ugha Fkh ogk¡ i j ,d l qUnj edku cuk gqvk FkkA og nwj l s fopkjus

yxsA esjh L=kh vkSj cPps Hkw[ ks ej x; s gksaxs ; k dgha nwj Hkkx x; s gksaxs vkSj esjh >ksai M+h

fxjk dj fdl h / uh i q: "k us vi uk l qUnj edku cuk fy; k gSA fl a?k t h t Sl s gh edku

ds fudV i gq¡ps vUnj l s l qUnj oL=kksa esa muds cPps [ ksyrs gq, ckgj vk; s vkSj fl a?k t h

dks ns[ kdj t ksj t ksj l s fpYykus yxs ek¡ cki w vk x; k & cki w vk x; kA brus esa mudh

i Ruh Hkh mudks fn[ kkbZ nh t ks LoPN rFkk l qUnj oL=kksa esa l t h gqbZ FkhA og vkrs gh i fr

dk gkfnZd Lokxr djus yxh vkSj ml us dq'ky eaxy i wNkA fl a?k t h ?kj dh dk; kdYi

ns[ kdj vk'p; Zpfdr FksA mudh i z'uokpd nf"V ns[ kdj i fRu us crk; k fd vki

t c nks rhu fnu dh i zrh{kk djus ds i ' pkr ugha ykSVs rks geus l kspk vki xq:nso ds




158158

i kl l sok ds dk; ksZa esa O; Lr gks x; s gksaxsA vr% ge xk¡o esa [ ksfrgj et +nwjh dh ryk'k

esa fudy i M+sA ml l e; xk¡o ds eqf[ k; k dk u; k edku cu jgkFkk mudks et +nwjksa dh

vko' ; drk FkhA bl fy, gesa ogk¡ et nwjh fey xbZA t c dqN fnu dke djrs O; rhr

gq, rks ,d fnu ,d LFkku dh [ kqnkbZ djrs l e; ,d xkxj gesa nch gqbZ feyh] ft l esa

Lo.kZ eqnzk,a FkhA t c geus ; g ckr eqf[ k; k t h dks crkbZ rks og dgus yxsA ge bl

Hkwfe i j dbZ o"kksZa l s gy pyk jgs gSa gesa rks dqN feyk ughaA ; g x<+k gqvk / u rqEgkjs

HkkX; dk gSA vr% rqe bl s ys t kvksA bl i zdkj geus ml / u l s i qjkuh >ksai M+h ds LFkku

i j u; k l qUnj edku cuok fy; k gS vkSj cPpksa dks t hou fuokZg dh gj l q[ k l qfo/ k,a

mi yC/ gks xbZ gSaA

vc fl a?k t h dks xq:nso dh ; kn vkbZ vkSj og mudk / U; okn djus vkuUni qj

i gq¡psA xq:nso us vi us I; kjs fl D[ k dks ns[ krs gh i wNk & D; k ckr gS \ fl a?k t h dbZ

ekg ckn fn[ kkbZ ns jgs gksA og fl [ k xq: pj.kksa esa ysV x; k vkSj dgus yxkA xq:nso

fi rk t h eSa cgqr Hkwy esa FkkA vki us esjh vk¡[ kksa ds vkxs l s feF; k vfHkeku dk ek; kt ky

gVk fn; k gS fd eSa cPpksa dk i kyu i ks"k.k djrk gw¡A okLro esa rks ; g dk; Z fo/ krk Lo; a

gh dj jgs gSa ge rks dsoy fufeÙkek=k gh gSaA

<ky d h i j h{kk

eè; i zns'k dk fuokl h yky fl a?k vkuUni qj Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds n'kZuksa dks

vk; kA og dq'ky dkjhxj Fkk] ml us Lo; ¡ cgqr dM+h yxu l s ,d fo'ks"k i zdkj dh <+ky

dk fuekZ.k fd; k FkkA bl dh fo'ks"krk ; g Fkh fd og gYdh vkSj et +cwr FkhA bl s dksbZ

vL=k&'kL=k Hksn ugha l drk FkkA ; g fo'ks"k mi gkj ml us xq:nso ds l e{k HksaV fd; k

vkSj <+ky dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gq, dgk & xq:nso t h ! eSaus bl s dbZ / krqvksa ds feJ.k

l s rS; kj fd; k gSA vr% bl esa l s xksyh i kj ugha gks l drhA xq:nso us fl D[ k ds Hkhr j

vfHkeku dk va'k ns[ kk vkSj dgk & yky fl a?k D; k gekjh xksyh Hkh bl s Hksn ugha

l dsxh \ bl i j yky fl a?k ckr dks fcuk fopkjs dgus yxk & gk¡ xq:nso ! ; g bruh

et +cwr gS fd vki dh xksyh Hkh bl s Hksn ugha l dsxhA




159159

xq:nso us ml s dgk & vPNk ge dy bl <+ky dk i jh{k.k djsaxsA vkt bl s

ys t kvks] dy bl s l kFk ysdj vkukA yky fl a?k okfi l vi us f' kfoj i j vk x; kA t gk¡

ml dh i Ruh ml dh i zrh{kk dj jgh FkhA t c ml s bl vfHkekuHkjh ?kVuk dk i rk pyk

rks og cgqr fpafUrr gqbZ] ml us yky fl a?k dks l qpsr fd; k fd vki l s Hk; adj Hkwy gks

xbZ gS] xq:nso l eFkZ gSaA muds vkxs ; g <+ky dksbZ oLrq ugha gSA vc yky fl a?k

NVi Vkus yxk vkSj fopkjus yxk fd vc D; k fd; k t k,A

rc ml dks Hkh vi uh xyrh dk ,sgl kl gksus yxkA vc nksuksa i fr&i Ruh

dksbZ ;qfDr l kspus yxs fd dy mudh vku jg t k,A rHkh ml dh i Ruh dks ,d

; qfDr l w>h fd xq#nso us vi us i k¡p I; kjksa dks vi us l s l oksZÙke LFkku fn; k gS rFkk mUgha

i k¡p I; kjksa dks xq# ekudj xq:nh{kk Hkh mUgha l s yh gSA D; ksa u os Hkh mu i k¡p I; kjksa

ds vkxs {kek ; kpuk djsaA ; g ckr nksuksa ds eu dks Hkk xbZ vkSj og dkjhxj] i k¡p i w.kZ

xq# fl [ k vFkkZr i w.kZ : i l s] xq#nso ds mi ns'kksas i j t hou O; rhr djus okys f' k"; ksa dks]

cM+h fouezrk l s vkxzg djds vi us ?kj i j cqyk yk; kA rc rd ml dh i Ruh us muds

fy, vi us gkFkksa l s Hkkst u rS; kj dj mudks Hkkst u djk; k rFkk vi uh l sok Hkko l s mUgsa

i zl Uu dj fy; kA rRi 'pkr mUgksaus vi uh xkFkk l qukbZ fd mUgsa vc muds fd; s i j

i ' pkrki gS bl fy, os mudh ' kj.k esa mi fLFkr gq, gSaA mUgsa mu i j xoZ gS fd os

xq#nso ds I; kjs f' k"; ksa esa l s gS vkSj os mUgsa {kek fnyok l drs gSa D;ksafd xq#nso dh di k

mu i j l nSo jgh gSA t Sl k fd dFku gS µ

j g. kh jgS l ksbZ fl [ k esj k AA

vksgq l kfgc eSa ml d k psjk AA

, sl k l qu mu i k¡p xq: fl D[ kksa us vjnkl dh fd gs xq#nso ! ; g] vki dk

vUt ku cPpk vi uh Hkwy ds fy, i 'pkrki djrk gSA bl fy, dy ds njckj esa bl dh

Hkh vku j[ kuk vki dk dÙkZO; gSA D; ksafd ; g Hkh vki dk HkDr gSA HkDrksa dh ykt

vki gh ds gkFk esa gSA vi us Hkwys&HkVds l sod dks ml dh xyrh i j {kek djsaA nwl js

fnu og dkjhxj J¼kyq vi uh <ky ysdj xq#nso ds njckj esa eu gh eu vkjk/ uk




160160

djrk gqvk mi fLFkr gqvk fd gs xq#nso ! ml dh Hkh ykt j[ k ysukA xq#nso us njckj

dh l ekfIr ds i ' pkr~ og <ky e¡xokbZ rFkk ml dks ,d LFkku i j fLFkr dj ,d

cUnwd }kjk ml dk fu'kkuk cukdj xksyh pykbZ rks xksyh pyh gh ugha ekuks cUnwd

[ kjkc gks ; k ck:n xhyk gksA dsoy cUnwd l s [ kjkc ck:n t Sl h èofu gh gqbZA bl i j

xq#nso us nwl jh pht +ksa dks fu'kkuk ekudj xksfy; k¡ pyk; ha rks cUnwd rFkk ck:n Bhd

l kfcr gqvkA bl vk'p; Z dks ns[ kdj ml J¼kyq dkjhxj l s bl ds fo"k; esa i wNk x; k

fd D; k dkj.k gS fd ml dh <ky dh r jQ cUnwd dke gh djuk D; ksa can dj nsrh

gSA bl i j og dgus yxk gs xq#nso ! eSa dy feF; k vfHkeku esa vki dh vykSfdd

'kfDr Hkwy x; k FkkA vr% ml dh i Ruh us ml ss l e>k; k fd ml s i zk; f'pr djuk

pkfg,A bl fy, ml us vki dh n'kkZbZ fof/ ds vuql kj i k¡p I; kjksa dks Hkkst u djkdj

mu l s i zkFkZuk djkbZ gS fd ml dh vku vkt njckj esa jguh pkfg,A

; g l qu xq#nso cksys & t c os ml dh <ky dh r jQ fu'kkuk ck¡/ rs gSa rks mUgsa

ogk¡ ukS xq# [ kM+s fn[ kkbZ nsrs gSaA t ks fd ml dh <ky dh j{kk dj jgs gSaA i jUrq vc

mudh Hkh vku dk i z'u gSA bl fy, mudh xksyh cUnwd dh uyh l s ckgj gh ugha

fudyh D; ksafd i kap I; kjs i jes'oj : i esa i zkFkZuk dj pqds FksA ft l l s nksuksa i {kksa dh

vku&'kku cuh jgh gSA

i oZr h; ujs' kksa d ks i zsj . kk

okLro esa jk.kkvksa dh i j[ k rks l cl s vf/ d gks pqdh FkhA os vki l esa QwVs gq,

FksA ns'k vFkok i zt k] / eZ vFkok l p ds fy, buesa cfynku dh Hkkouk gh ugha FkhA os

xq:nso ds l kFk dbZ ckj ; q¼ djds mUgsa i jkft r djus ds i z; Ru dj pqds Fks] i j t c

l s ' kkgt knk eqvTt e i ¡t kc esa vk; k Fkk vkSj xq:nso ds l kFk fe=krk dk O; ogkj djds

x; k Fkk] rc l s i gkM+h jkt k l qyg&'kkfUr dk O; ogkj djrs FksA bUgha fnuksa esa fdl h HksaV

ds l e; xq:nso us mUgsa i zsj.kk nh vkSj fopkj vkjEHk fd; k vkSj mUgsa l e>k; k fd gesa

Hkkjrokfl ; ksa dks t krh; Hksn vkSj ml l s mRi Uu gksus okyh ?k.kk us i Fkd dj fn; k gS

vr% ge nfyr n'kk esa i jk/ hurk ds nq[ k l gu dj jgs gSa] vc eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd ; g Hksn




161161

feVk fn; k t k; sA ,d ,sl h jhfr i zpfyr dh t k; s fd t ks bl ds }kjk t Ue ys] og

t krh; Hksn l s eqDr gksdj ,d ekuookn esa vk t k; s] rc dgha t kdj vi us ns'k dk

Hkkj nwj fd; k t k l dsxkA pkfg, ; g fd i jLi j i zse c<+s] l Hkh HkkbZ HkkbZ cu t k; sa vkSj

,d nwl js i j i zk.kksa dks U; ksNkoj dj nsaA i wt k ds fy, ,d egkdky vdky dh gh ' kj.k

yh t k; s] t ks fd l cds i wT; gSA fQj / eZ vkSj vkpj.k dh mPprk dks gh euq"; dh

i j[ k l e>k t k; sA ,sl s O; fDr cfynku dj l dsaxsA rqe bl ns'k ds m¼kj ds dke esa

l g; ksx nks] pkgs bl dke ds fy, vxqvk cu t kvks] i j jkt kvksa us rqdksZ dh ' kfDr dks

vt s; l e>k vkSj l g; ksx nsus l s bUdkj dj fn; kA

vkuUni qj d k i zFke ; q¼

[ kkyl k i aFk ds fuekZ.k l s i oZrh; ujs' kksa esa cspSuh c<+ xbZ FkhA mUgksaus l e>k fd

xq:nso [ kkyl ksa dh rS; kj QkSt + cukdj vi uk jkT; dk; e djuk pkgrs gSaA os Hkwy x,

fd [ kkyl k rks l t k; k x; k Fkk] i qjkuh l kekft d det ksfj; ksa dks nwj djus] vR;kpkjksa

l s Vdjkus vkSj l qj{kk ds fy,A vl y esa os Hkwys ugha Fks] i j mudk vi uk eu pksj Fkk]

bl fy, Mjrs FksA Hkaxk.kh ds ; q¼ esa gkj dj mUgksaus xq:nso ds l kFk l fU/ dj yh FkhA

i j xq:nso dh c<+rh gqbZ ' kfDr ns[ kdj vUnj gh vUnj bZ"; kZ dj jgs Fks vkSj xq: t h

dks uhpk fn[ kkus dk dksbZ u dksbZ cgkuk <w¡<rs jgrsA t c mUgksaus ; g l quk fd xq:

l kfgc us vi us fl gksa l esr f' kdkj [ ksyrs [ ksyrs nks vkSj i gkM+h jkt kvksa & cfy; k pUn

vkSj vkyepUn dh QkSt h VqdfM+; ksa ds l kFk >M+i gks t kus i j cfy; kpUn dks rks i zk.kksa

l s gh vodk'k fnyk; k vkSj nwl js dh ,d ckag rksM+dj eSnku l s Hkxk fn; k rc rks i gkM+h

jkt kvksa ds i Sjksa ds uhps dh t +ehu f[ kl d xbZA mUgsa vi uk Mj gh [ kkus yxkA

Lo; ¡ rks xq: l kfgc ds fo:¼ i z;Ru dj gh pqds FksA dksbZ ckr cuh ugha FkhA

oju~ gj ckj eq¡g dh [ kkbZ FkhA vr,o vc mUgksaus vi us ekfyd vkSjaxt s+c dks fpV~Bh

fy[ kdj ml dks HkM+dkus dh l ksphA

xq: l kfgc ds i qjkus ' k=kq HkhepUn dfgywfj; s] ohjfl a?k t l okfy; s vkSj enui ky

fl jewfj; s us feydj i ¡t kc esa vkSjaxt +sc ds jkT; i ky l jgUn ds l wcsnkj ds vkxs fourh




162162

dh fd ml dh i zkFkZuk fnYyh ds ckn'kkg ds i kl Hkst nh t k; sA i zkFkZuk i =k esa fy[ kk Fkk

fd fgUnqvksa vkSj eql yekuksa l s i Fkd xq: xksfcUnfl a?k us ,d u; k egt c cuk fy; k gSA

os u dsoy fgUnw / eZ dh gh t M+ m[ kkM+uk pkgrs gSa oju~ eqxy l ezkV dh Hkh l Ùkk

myVuk pkgrs gSaA t c geus xq:nso dks bDV~Bs gksdj bl fe' ku l s gVkus dk i z; Ru

fd; k rks Hkaxk.kh dk ; q¼ djds gesa i NkM+ fn; kA

bl i =k esa dsoy vi uk gh jksuk ugha jks; k Fkk oju~ dqN ckrsa t ksM+h xbZ FkhaA ; g

Hkh fy[ kk x; k Fkk fd xq:nso i gkM+h jkt kvksa dks eqxy ' kkl u ds fo; ¼ yM+us ds fy,

dgrs gSaA

vkSjaxt s+c dks fyf[ kr Hkst us okys vi us njckjh }kjk [ kkyl k i aFk l t k; s t kus

l e; xq:nso ds Hkk"k.kksa dh [ kcj i gys gh fey pqdh FkhA ,d eql yeku bfrgkl dkj

xqyke eksfgmnhu ds dFkukuql kj bl njckjh us xq: l kfgc ds Hkk"k.kksa dh l wpuk nsrs gq,

,sl s fy[ kk & xq: xksfcUn fl a?k us fgUnqvksa dh t kfr&i kfr ] oge] Hkze] jhfr&fjokt

vkfn dks l ekIr djds fl D[ kksa dks ,d gh HkkbZpkjs esa xfBr dj fn; k gS] ft l esa u

dksbZ cM+k gS vkSj u NksVkA ,d gh ckVs esa l Hkh t kfr ; ksa dks [ kkuk f[ kyk; k gSA Hkys dqN

i zkphu gB/ feZ; ksa us bl ckr dk fojks/ fd; kA fQj Hkh yxHkx chl gt kj i q: "k vkSj

efgykvksa us xq: l kfgc ds gkFkksa [ kaMs dh / kj dk ver Ndk gSA xq:nso us fl D[ kksa dks

; g Hkh dgk gS fd eSa vi us vki dks xksfcUn fl a?k rHkh dgyokÅ¡xk] t c fpfM+; ksa l s

ckt rqM+okdj j[ k nw¡xk vkSj t c ,d ,d fl a?k nq'eu ds l ok&l ok yk[ k O; fDr; ksa l s

VDdj ysrk fn[ kkbZ nsxkA

vkSjaxt s+c rks i gys gh Øks/ fd, cSBk Fkk fd fl D[ k u rks fnykoj [ kka ds dkcw

vk, vkSj u ml ds i q=k ' kgt knk eksvTt +e dsA i gkM+h jkt kvksa dh fpV~Bh i <+dj rks ml s

vkx yx xbZA ml h l e; vi us nks i k¡p gt +kjh t ujyksa & i Sns[ kka vkSj nhuk csx+ dks

gqDe fn; k fd os i gkM+h jkt kvksa dh l gk; rk ds fy, vkuUni qj i j vkØe.k djsaA

i gkM+h jkt kvksa dks fpV~Bh ds mÙkj esa ; g dgk x; k fd bl l kjh fgek; rh QkSt +

dk [ kpkZ mu yksxksa dks >syuk gksxk] ft Ugksaus i =k fy[ kk FkkA jkt k yksx [ kpkZ mBkus dks

rqjUr rS; kj gks x; sA




163163

vUrr% vkuUni qj ds l ehi eqxy vkSj i gkM+h QkSt sa bDV~Bh gks xbZA xq: xksfcUn

fl a?k ds fl D[ k rks i gys gh ver Nddj vk, FksA nq'eu dh QkSt sa ns[ kdj mUgsa pko

p<+ vk; kA mUgksaus ;g fpUrk fcYdqy u dh fd eqxyksa vkSj i gkfM+; ksa dh feyh&t qyh

QkSt sa mul s dbZ xq.kk vf/ d gS vSj i Sans[ kka rFkk nhuk csx+ t Sl s vuqHkoh t ujy mudh

QkSt ksa dh deku l aHkkys gq, gSaA vdky i q: [ k i j Hkjksl k djds fl D[ k yM+kbZ ds eSnku

esa dwn i M+sA mudh vxokbZ djus ds fy, xq:nso us i k¡p I; kjs fu; qDr fd, vkSj Lo; ¡

QkSt ksa l fgr j.kHkwfe esa mrj vk,A

[ kkyl ksa us xksfy; ksa dh og vU/ k/ qU/ o"kkZ dh fd ' k=kq ne rksM+ mBkA i Sns[ kka us

QkSt ksa ds gkSl ys c<+kus ds fy, Å¡ph vkokt esa dgk & ; g vki dh dkfQjksa ds fo:¼

et gch yM+kbZ gSA dkfQjksa dks ekjdj cfg' r gkfl y djksA vkf[ kj i j ekSr ds eq¡g esa

dkSu t k,A et +gch mdl kgV Hkh dqN dke u dj l dhA vkf[ kj i Sns[ kka us xq:nso dks

yydkjk fd vkvks] vdsys gh nks gkFk djds yM+kbZ dh gkj t hr dk QSl yk dj ysaA

; g yydkj l qudj xq: l kfgc vi uk ?kksM+k i Sns[ kka ds fudV ys vk, vkSj dgk &

i Bku i Sns[ kka] eSa gw¡ xq: xksfcUn fl a?k] rsjk nq'euA i Sns[ kka us dl e [ kkdj dgk & eSa

i Bku ugha] ; fn fl D[ kksa ds xq: dk fl j mrkj dj u j[ knw¡A vg¡dkj esa vkdj xq:

l kfgc l s dgk & ys rw dj i gyk okjA

xq:nso us dgk]& eSaus vkt rd i gyk okj fdl h i j ugha fd; k] u d: ¡xkA

l qj{kk gsrq eSa yM+rk jgk gw¡ vkSj yM+rk jgw¡xkA vr ,o i gyk okj rw djA

i Sns[ kka us vi us ?kksM+s dks ?kqekdj xq: l kfgc ds ?kksM+s ds l keus yk [ kM+k fd; kA

,d l SfdaM esa i Sns[ kka us rhj fudky ekjk t ks xq:nso dh dku dh dui Vh ds i kl l s

gksrk gqvk l w¡ djrk fudy x; kA xq:nso us rkuk nsrs gq, dgk] cM+k Hkkjh rhjankt fn[ kkbZ

nsrk gSA py] ,d ckj vkSj okj dj ns[ kA rsjs vjeku u jg t k,a fd xq: dks ekjus dk

vol j u feykA

i Sns [ kka us nwl jk rhj Hkh fudky ekjk] i j og Hkh fu'kkus i j u cSBkA

'kfeZUnk gksdj i Sns[ kka i hNs eqM+us yxk rks xq:nso us yydkj & Bgj t k] dgk¡

t krk gS xhnM+A vc esjh ckjh gSA esjk gkFk Hkh ns[ krk t kA




164164

i Sns [ kk¡ dk l kjk 'kjhj yksgs ds dop ds l kFk <dk gqvk FkkA dsoy dku gh uaxs

FksA xq: l kfgc us dkuksa dk fu'kkuk rkM+dj ,sl k rhj ekjk fd i Sns [ kka ?kksM+s l s fxjdj ej

x; kA

; g ns[ kdj nwl js eql yeku t ujy nhuk csx+ us QkSt ksa dks vkxs c<+us dk gqDe

fn; kA i Sns [ kk¡ dks ejrk ns[ kdj eqxy QkSt sa fl j/ M+ dh ckt h yxk dj vkxs c<+ha vkSj

fl D[ kksa dh i afDr ; ksa i j VwV i M+haA fdUrq fl D[ kksa ds i Sj u m[ kM+sA cfYd fl D[ k QkSt ksa us

nq'eu dk Hkkjh t kuh uqdl ku fd; kA ; g ns[ kdj jkt k HkhepUn dk i q=k vt esjpUn

eqx+y vkSj vi uh QkSt ksa l fgr Hkkx [ kM+k gqvkA ' ks"k i gkM+h jkt s Hkh Hkkx x,A vc rd

nhuk csx Hkh t [ eh gks pqdk FkkA ml us l kspk fd ft uds fy, og yM+us vk; k Fkk &

t c ogh Hkkx fudys] rks og O; FkZ vi uh QkSt + dk uqdl ku D; ksa djk, \ ml us QkSt ksa

dks i hNs gVus dh vkKk nhA nq'eu dks i hNs gVrk ns[ k fl D[ k QkSt ksa ds gkSl ys vkSj

c<+ x; s vkSj og mudk i hNk djrs gq, jksi M+ i gq¡p x,A i j xq: l kfgc us fl D[ kksa l s

dgk fd fl D[ kksa dh ;q¼ e; kZnkuql kj Hkkxrs gq, nq'eu dks ugha ekjuk pkfg,A vr ,o

fl D[ k QkSt sa jksi M+ l s oki l vk xbZ vkSj mUgksaus Hkkxrs gq, eqxyksa dk vkSj i hNk ugha

fd; kA

vkuUni qj dh i gyh yM+kbZ bl i zdkj fl D[ kksa dh fot ; ds l kFk l ekIr gqbZA

; g yM+kbZ l u~ 1700 bZLoh esa yM+h xbZ Fkh] t c xq: l kfgc dsoy 34 o"kZ ds FksA

vkuUni qj d k f} r h; ; q¼

; g t kudj fd vkSjaxt sc us nl gt kj 'kkgh QkSt + dk fxus&pqus fl D[ kksa ds

gkFkksa gkj [ kkus dk vi eku dc rd l gu djuk gSA xq:nso us Hkh rS; kfj; k¡ t kjh j[ khaA

n'kZu djus ds fy, vkus okys fl gksa dks gqdqe gqvk fd vi us l kFk ; k rks dksbZ gfFk; kj

; k ?kksM+s dh l kSxkr ysdj vk, ¡A vkuUni qj dh yM+kbZ esa xq:nso dh ' kkunkj fot ; dk

gky l qudj fl D[ k / we/ ke ds l kFk n'kZuksa ds fy, vkuUni qj i gq¡psA dbZ gt +kj vkSj u,

fl D[ k l t x,A fl D[ k fefL=k; ksa us xq:nso ds rks'ks[ kkus dks canwdksa] ryokjksa vkSj [ kUt jksa

sds l kFk yckyc Hkj x; kA fl Dds ck:n ds Hkh <+sj yx x,A i gkM+h jkt s rks i gys gh




165165

l ges gq, FksA fnu&i zfr fnu ; g bDV~Bk gksrk ns[ kdj rks mudh t ku [ kq'd gks xbZA

bUgksaus vkSjaxt +sc dh pki ywl h djus dh l ksphA jkt k vt esj pUn dks rksgQs nsdj

fnYyh Hkst us dk fopkj cuk; kA

fdUrq gUMwj jkt k Hkwi pUn us bl fopkj dk fojks/ djrs gq, dgk] ¶Hkkb; ksa]

fnYyh dh vksj e¡qg mBk; s fQjus dh ct k; vi us i Sjksa i j [ kM+k gksuk l h[ kksA ; fn bDV~Bs

gksdj yM+ks rks eqV~Bh&Hkj fl D[ kksa dks t hr ysuk dfBu dk; Z ughaA esjh ckr ekuks rks

vkuUni qj dks ?ksj yksA bl r jg jl n cUn gksus ds dkj.k fl D[ kksa dk vUu&i kuh l ekIr

gks t k,xkA Lo; ¡ Hkw[ ks ej t k, ¡xsA t ks i gkM+h jkt k gekjs l kFk u feys] ml dk gqDdk&i kuh

cUn dj nksA fl D[ kksa ds i qjkus ' k=kq jax?kM+ksa vkSj xwt jksa dks Hkh vi us l kFk feyk yks] fQj

fl D[ kksa dh D; k et ky!

; g ckr l qudj i gkM+h jkt kvksa us Hkwi pUn dk i zLrko Lohdkj fd; k vkSj

vkuUni qj ds ?ksjs dh rS; kfj; k¡ gksus yxhaA t Eew] uwji qj] eaMh] dqYyw] dSaFkky] xqysj] pEck]

x<+oky vkSj vU; fj; kl rksa ds i gkM+h jkt s vi uh vi uh l suk; sa ysdj i gq¡p x,A jkt k

vt esjpUn us bu QkSt ksa dk usrÙo l EHkkykA

vkuUni qj ds vkl i kl ?ksjk Mkyus ds i woZ xq:nso dks ,d fpV~Bh }kjk dj

Hkqxrku djus vFkok vkuUni qj NksM+us vkSj mudk i zHkqÙo Lohdkj djus dh i qjkuh jV

yxkbZA xq: l kfgc us ml h fuMjrk ds l kFk udkjkRed mÙkj fn; k ft l i zdkj ,d ckj

i gysA ; g ckr 1701 dh gSA

bl l e; vkuUni qj esa cgqr fl D[ k ugha FksA i j ft rus Hkh Fks] mUgsa NksVs NksVs

QkSt h nLrksa esa ck¡V fn; k x; kA ,d l kS QkSft ; ksa okys ,d nLrs dk usrÙo xq: l kfgc

us vi us l cl s cM+s i q=k vt hr fl a?k dks l kSai kA vkuUni qj esa ykSgx<+ vkSj Qrsgx<+ uke

ds nks fdyksa dks ,d ,d gt +kj l suk ds l kFkHkj dj nks vkSj dekaMj mn; fl a?k vkSj

ukgj fl a?k ds l qi qnZ fd; k x; kA xq: l kfgc us l sukvksa dks vkKk nh fd fdyksa ds vUnj

t edj cSBs jgsaA ek>k i zns'k ds i k¡p l kS uo; qod xq: l kgc dh l gk; rkFkZ i gq¡p x,A

i gkM+h QkSt sa fVM~Mh&ny dh Hkk¡fr vkuUni qj ds vkl i kl vk cSBhaA ; q¼ 'kq: gks

x; kA i gkM+h jkt kvksa dh rksi ksa l s xksfy; ksa dh o"kkZ gksus yxhA jkt k ds'kjhpUn us




166166

Qrsgx<+ ds fdys i j gYyk cksy fn; kA nksuksa vksj l s rhjksa dh >M+h yx xbZA fl D[ kksa us

'kgj l s ckgj fudy dj l keuk fd; kA ja?kM+ ?kcjk dj eSnku l s Hkkxus yxsA mudk usrk

t xrmYyk i gys fnu gh ej x; kA vt hr fl a?k us nq'eu ds og i j[ kPps mM+k; s fd

ckfd; ksa dks Hkh t ks'k vk x; kA mUgksaus nq'eu dh drkjsa l kQ dj nhaA xq: l kfgc Hkh ,d

Å¡ps LFkku l s rhj pykrs jgsA vkf[ kj nq'eu dks i hNs gVuk i M+kA t xrmYyk dh yk'k

t ehu i j i M+h jghA fl D[ kksa us ml yk'k dks mBkus ds l Hkh i z; Ru vl Qy dj fn; sA

t c jkr i M+h rks nksuksa l suk, ¡ vi uh vi uh Nkofu; ksa esa vk xbZaA

nwl js fnu fQj vkuUni qj ds vkl i kl ?ksjk Mkyk x; kA fl D[ kksa us fQj vdj

eqdkcyk fd; kA bl r jg nks eghus rd vkuUni qj dk ?ksjk i M+k jgkA ,d jkr t c fdl h

i zdkj l s l Qyrk ugha feyh rks i gkM+h jkt kvksa us ,d vkSj ; qfDr l ksphA

mUgksaus ,d gkFkh dks ' kjkc fi ykdj eLr dj fn; kA ml ds ekFks i j vkSj

vkl i kl yksg dh l at ks vkSj ekFks i j yksgs dk rok] l waM esa [ k.Mk ck¡/ fn; s vkSj

vkuUni qj ds njokt s dh vksj / dsy fn; k ft l l s njokt k VwV t k, vkSj i gkM+h QkSt sa

fdys ds vUnj t k l dsaA eaMh dk jkt k dgrk jgk fd xq:nso ds l kFk l af/ ds fcuk

dke ugha pysxkA i j ml dh fdl h us ugha l quhA

jkt k ds'kjh pUn dks eLr gkFkh dh l Qyrk i j bruk fo'okl Fkk fd ml s

?ke.M esa vkdj Mhax ekjh &; fn jkr l s i gys i gys fdyk Qrg u fd; k rks eSa cki dk

csVk ughaA vkf[ kj fdys esa fl D[ k gSa Hkh fdrus\ cl ; gh f[ kpM+h esa ued ds l ekuA

ml dk dksbZ vrk&i rk gh ugha pysxkA

nquhpUn el Un

i oZrh; ujs'kksa }kjk ykSgx<+ fdys ds }kj dks eLr ' kjkch gkFkh }kjk Vdjk djrksM+us dh ; kst uk xqIrpj foHkkx us t c xq:nso dks crkbZ xbZ rks ml l e; nquhpUnel an vi us {ks=k ds dqN fl D[ kksa dks l kFk ysdj vk; k vkSj xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa i z.kkefd; kA nquhpUn dk ' kjhj l k/ kj.k O; fDr dh vi s{kk dqN vf/ d Hkkjh MhyMkSy okyk

Fkk] vr% xq:nso us l gt Hkko l s ml l e; dgk & gekjh gkFkh Hkh vk x; k gSA gekjh




167167

vksj l s nquhpUn i gkfM+; ksa ds gkFkh dks i jkLr djsxkA ; g okD; l qurs gh nquhpUn

Hk; Hkhr gks x; k] ml ds i l hus NwVus yxsA i jUrq og xq:nso ds l e{k vi uh dk; jrk

i zdV ugha dj i k; kA ml us dqN eq[ kh fl D[ kksa l s l Ei dZ fd; k vkSj dgk fd og xq:nso

l s dgsa fd eq> l s ,sl k dqN ugha gksxkA dgk¡ eSa euq"; dgk¡ fo' kkydk; gkFkhA J¼koku

fl D[ kksa us ml s cgqr l e>k; k fd xq: l eFkZ gSa] mUgksaus Lo; ¡ l c dk;Z djus gSa] cl rsjs

dks rks og ,d eku fnyok jgs gSaA fdUrq HkfDr vkSj J¼kfoghu nquhpUn dh l e> esa

; g ckr ugha vkbZA og vi us l kFk yk; s gq, O; fDr ; ksa dks vdsys esa feyk vkSj v/ Zjkf=k

dks fdys dh nhokj Qkandj Hkkxus dh ; kst uk cukbZA ; kst uk vuql kj fdys dh nhokj

esa jLl h yxkdj ,d ,d djds ml ds l kFkh uhps mr j x; sA vUr esa nquhpUn t c

mr jus yxk rks ml ds Hkkjh&Hkjde 'kjhj ds dkj.k jLl h VwV xbZ vkSj uhps fxj x; kA

ml ds l kFkh ml s mBkdj ?kj ys x; sA

i zkr%dky xq:nso dks fl D[ kksa us crk; k fd og dy okyk gkFkh rks fdys dh

nhokj Qkandj vi us l kfFk; ksa l fgr Hkkx x; k gSA rHkh mudh nf"V ,d l k/ kj.k l s

; qod cfp=k fl a?k i j i M+h vkSj mUgksaus dgk & vc gekjk ; g nqcyk&i ryk l Sfud

gkFkh ds l kFk fHkM+sxkA ; g l qurs gh J¼koku cfp=k fl a?k us dgk & xq:nso cl vki dh

di k nf"V gksuh pkfg,A bl gkFkh dks rks eSa phaVh dh r jg el y ds j[ k nw¡xkA xq:nso

i zl Uu gq, vkSj mUgksaus ml s ,d fo'ks"k ukxuh cjNk fn; k vkSj dgk & ; g jgk rsjk

' kL=k t ks rq>s l Qyrk i znku djsxk vkSj t ks dk; j gksdj Hkkxk gS] ekSr rks ml s ?kj i j

Hkh ugha NksM+sxh vkSj ,sl k gh gqvkA nquhpUn dks ?kj i j l k¡i us dkV fy; k vkSj ml dh

eR; q gks xbZA

mn; fl a?k vkSj fofp=k fl a?k

xqIrpj foHkkx us xq:nso dks crk; k fd vkt fdys ds }kj dks rksM+us dh ; kst uk

jkt k ds'kjhpUn t l okfy; k us cukbZ gS vkSj ogh vkt l Hkh i oZrh; l Sfudksa dk usrÙo

djsxk vkSj ml us ' ki Fk yh gS fd eSa vkt bl vfHk; ku dks l Qyrki woZd l Ei w.kZ djds

ykSVwaxk vkSj gekjh fot ; fuf'pr gS] ugha rks eSa ujs' k dgyokuk R; kx nw¡xkA bl i j




168168

xq:nso us rqjUr fudV [ kM+s HkkbZ mn; fl a?k dks cqykdj dgk & vki bl ds'kjhpUn

l s nks gkFk djasxs vkSj ml dk vfHkeku rksM+saxsA nksuksa t okuksa us xq:nso dks ' kh'k >qdk dj

i z.kke fd; k vkSj ; q¼ uhfr ds foi jhr vkt ykSgx<+ fdys dk njokt k [ kksy fn; k]

ml esa l s dsoy nks ; ks¼k ?kksM+s i j l okj gksdj ckgj fudysA

eLr gkFkh fdys ds njokt s dh vksj py i M+kA i hNs i hNs fofp=k fl a?k dks

vk'kh"k nsdj Hkst kA fofp=k fl a?k ds gkFk esa cjNk FkkA ml dh Hkqt k, ¡ QM+d jgh FkhaA

,d fofp=k n' ; FkkA ,d vksj i wjh r jg dot l s ySl eLr gkFkh] ft l ds ekFks

i j yksgs dk rok vkSj l waM esa nks/ kjh ryokj ca/ h Fkh vkSj nwl jh vksj dsoy gkFk esa cjNk

fy; s gq, ,d l k/ kj.k vknehA vkneh gh ugha] ohjrk dk t hfor&t kXr i qrykA vkJ;

ml s dsoy i zHkq dk Fkk vkSj fu'p; ml s vi us xq: i jA

fofp=k fl a?k us cjNk mBkdj l h/ k gkFkh ds ekFks i j ns ekjkA i rk ugha ml dh

ck¡gksa esa bruh ' kfDr dgk¡ l s vk xbZA cjNs dh uksd yksgs dh r fo; ksa dks i kj djrh gqbZ]

gkFkh ds ekFks esa pqHk xbZA eLr gkFkh nnZ vkSj i hM+k l s fpa?kkM+ mBkA jDr&jaft r gks x; k

vkSj Hkh vf/ d eLr gks dj i hNs dh vksj nkSM+ i M+kA i hNs pyh vk jgh i gkM+h l suk, ¡

gkFkh ds i Sj ds uhps vkdj dqpyh xbZaA db; ksa dks gkFkh dh l w¡M esa yxs gq, [ k.Ms us

?kk; y dj fn; kA Hkkx&nkSM+ ep xbZA fofp=k fl a?k eLr gkFkh l s Vdjkus ds ckn xq:

l kfgc ds i kl i gq¡pkA xq: l kfgc us ml dh 'wkjohjrk dh i z' kal k dhA

b/ j rks gkFkh us i gkfM+; ksa dks pDdh esa i M+s nkuksa dh r jg ny fn; kA m/ j xq:

l kfgc dk gqDe ekudj mn; fl a?k l wjek jkt k ds'kjh pUn dk fl j ryokj ds ,d gh

>Vds l s dkVdj xq: l kfgc ds i kl i gq¡pkA xq: l kfgc us ml s Hkh Fki Fki k; kA

vc i gkM+h QkSt ksa dh dej VwV pqdh FkhA [ kaMwj dk jkt k Hkh t +[ eh gks x; k FkkA

QkSt sa f' kokfyd dh i gkfM+; ksa dh vksj Hkkx [ kM+h gqbZA ft l l s i gkfM+; ksa esa fNi dj t ku

cpk l dsaA eSnku fl D[ kksa ds gkFk jgkA

nwl js fnu dk¡xM+k ds i gkM+h jkt k ?keaM pUn us cph&[ kqph QkSt ksa dks ysdj i qu%

geyk fd; kA ?kekl ku ;q¼ gqvkA nksuksa vksj l s i qu% geyk fd; kA ?kekl ku ; q¼ gqvkA

nksuksa vksj l s t ku dh ckt h yx xbZA vpkud gh ?keaM pUn xksyh [ kkdj fxj i M+kA




169169

?keaM pUn dh ekSr us i gkM+h QkSt ksa dk fny rksM+ fn; k vkSj os jkrksa&jkr vkuUni qj l s

i js gVdj nwj t k : dsA

t c i gkfM+; ksa us ns[ kk fd yM+kbZ l s dke ugha cusxk vkSj eLr gkFkh okyh uhfr

Hkh vl Qy jgh rks ,d vkSj eDdkjh djus dk fopkj fd; kA xq: l kfgc dks i Ees

i qjksfgr }kjk ,d fpV~Bh Hkst h vkSj xÅ ekrk dh dl e [ kkdj fourh dh fd ; fn

vki ,d ; k nks fnu ds fy, gh vkuUni qj NksM+dj vkSj dgha vkl &i kl pys t k,a rks

ge vki dks dqN ugha dgsaxsA vkuUni qj l s ?ksjk gVkdj vi us vi us ?kj pys t k,axsA bl

r jg yksxksa ds l keus gekjk fujknj Hkh u gksxk vkSj vki dk Hkh dqN ugha fcxM+sxkA vki

fQj vkuUni qj vk l drs gSaA

xq: l kfgc i gkfM+; ksa dh dl eksa vkSj Qjscksa dks vPNh r jg t kurs FksA og bu i j

ys'kek=k Hkh fo'okl ugha djrs FksA i j nksuksa vksj dk i ; kZIr uqdl ku gks pqdk FkkA

fl D[ kksa us xq: l kfgc dks dgk fd vkSj O; FkZ [ wku D; ksa cgk; k t k,A vkuUni qj NksM+dj

fQj okfi l vkus esa D; k uqDl ku gSA

xq: l kfgc us vi us fl D[ kksa dh ckr eku yhA vkuUni qj l s fcYdqy FkksM+h nwj i js

dhjr i qj ds l ehi fujeksg ds Å¡ps LFkku i j t k Msjs yxk; sA dqN ,d fl D[ k vkuUni qj

dh j{kkFkZ i hNs NksM+dj ' ks"k os vi us l kFk ys x,A i gkfM+; ksa dk okLr fod eryc ; g

Fkk fd xq: l kfgc fdl h i zdkj vkuUni qj dk fdyk NksM+dj ckgj vk t k,a] fQj mu

i j fot ; i zkIr djuk vkl ku gksxkA

xq: l kfgc ds ckgj fudyus dh nsj Fkh fd i gkfM+; ksa us mu i j / kok cksy fn; kA

xÅ ekrk dh dl esa Hkwy x,A vc rd l jfgUn ds l wcsnkj ot +hn [ kk¡ dh QkSt sa Hkh

muds l kFk vk feyh FkhaA ,dvksj l s xq: l kfgc dks i gkM+h QkSt ksa vkSj nwl jh vksj l s

ot hn [ kk¡ dh QkSt ksa ds fo:¼ yM+uk i M+ x; kA i j os fcYdqy ugha ?kcjk; sA fl D[ kksa ds

gkSl ys Å¡ps FksA xq:nso ds fy, rks os bl i zdkj ejus dks rS; kj Fks ft l i zdkj nhi d i j

i raxkA vi uh vYi l a[ ; k dh fpUrk u djrs gq, mUgksaus fl j&/ M+ dh ckt h yxk nhA

yM+kbZ nks fnu t kjh jghA




170170

,d eqx+y rksi ph dks cqykdj dgk x; k fd ¶; fn og Å¡ps LFkku i j cSBs xq:

l kfgc i j fu' kkuk fcBk ns rks ml s cM+k Hkkjh buke fn; k t k,xkA rksi ph cM+k ukeh

fu'kkusnkj ekuk t krk FkkA ml us l h/ yxkdj rksi dk xksyk xq: t h dh vksj QsadkA

xksyk xq: l kfgc ds paoj >qykus okys l sod i j t k fxjk vkSj og ogha ej x; kA xq:

l kfgc cp x,A nwl jh ckj rksi esa xksyk Hkjdj pykus gh okyk Fkk fd xq: l kfgc us ,d

rhj , sl k NksM+k fd Bhd rksi ph ds vkdj yxk vkSj og ogha <sj gks x; kA nwl js rhj ds

l kFk xq: l kfgc us rksi ph dk HkkbZ Hkh] t ks rksi pykus esa ml dh enn dj jgk Fkk] ekj

fxjk; kA xq: l kfgc ,sl s ckads rhjankt Fks fd mudk fu'kkuk dHkh Hkh [ kkyh ugha x; k

FkkA

l ryqt unh ds fdukjs nksuksa nyksa dk ?kekl ku ; q¼ gqvk] ft l esa i gkM+h jkt kvksa

vkSj ' kkgh QkSt + dk bruk uqdl ku gqvk fd mUgsa i hNs gVuk i M+kA ot +hn [ kk¡ jkt kvksa

l s cgqr l kjs i qjLdkj vkSj HksaV ysdj okfi l l jfgUn t k i gq¡pkA i gkfM+; ksa us vi us eu dks

r l Yyh nsrs gq, dgk & ¶Hkys xq: gkjk ugha] fQj Hkh ml s vkuUni qj rks NksM+uk gh

i M+kA bl ckr esa gh os vi uh fot ; l e>dj vi us vi us ?kj okfi l ykSV x,A i j

i gkfM+;ksa dh ; g r l Yyh Hkh ' kh?kz gh l ekIr gks xbZA dqN nsj ol kyh Bgjdj xq:

xksfcUnfl a?k fQj Mads dh pksV l s vkuUni qj vk i gq¡psA jkt k vt +esjpUn us xq: t h dks

cgqr rksgQs vkSj HksaVs Hkst dj l fU/ ds fy, fourh dhA ckdh i gkM+h jkt kvksa us Hkh

l qyg l QkbZ dj yhA ,sl k yxrk Fkk fd de l s de dqN fnu ds fy, rks vc fl D[ kksa

dks l q[ k dh l k¡l ysuk ul hc gksxkA

HkkbZ d UgS; k t h

eqxy l suk l s vkeus&l keus gksdj dbZ fnu l s ; q¼ gks jgk FkkA nksuksa i {kksa ds

l Sfud cqjh r jg l s ?kk; y gksdj j.k{ks=k esa fxj jgs FksA ,sl s esa ,d fl D[ k mu ?kk; yksa

dks i kuh fi ykdj i qu% l qjt hr dj jgk FkkA rc ml dks dqN fl D[ kksa us i dM+ fy; k vkSj

ck¡/ dj Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds l e{k i s' k fd; k vkSj crk; k fd vkt geus ,d




171171

, sl s O; fDr dks i dM+k gS t ks fd ' k=kqvksa l s feyk gqvk gS vkSj muds ?kk; yksa dks t yi ku

djok dj i qu% t hounku ns nsrk gSA

; g vkjksi l qudj xq:nso us i z'uokpd nf"V l s ck¡/ s gq, l soknkj dks i wNk &

D; k ; g ckr l R; gS \ mÙkj esa vkjksi h t oku us dgk & esjk dk; Z rks dsoy t y

fi ykuk gh gS] eSa rks dsoy i hfM+rksa dks t y fi ykrk gw¡] eq>s rks 'k=kq vFkok fe=k dh

i gpku ugha gS D; ksafd eq>s l oZ=k og i zHkq gh nf"Vxkspj gksrk gSA ; g l qurs gh xq:nso

us mudks daB l s yxk; k vkSj dgk & okLro esa vki us gh og vewY; nf"V i kbZ gS t ks

cM+s cM+s t i h] r i foL; ksa dks Hkh i zkIr ugha gksrh] vki v}Sr esa i gq¡p x; s gSa] ; gh czã Kku

gS vkSj rqjUr muds ca/ u [ kksydj mudks eqDr djrs gq, dgk & vki ; g l sok t kjh

j[ ksa vkSj ; g yhft , ejge i V~Vh vki ?kk; yksa dh i zkFkfed fpfdRl k Hkh fd; k djsaxsA

; g Fks HkkbZ dUgS; k t hA

vkuUni qj l kfgc d k r r h; ; q¼

l Sn [ kku

ykgkSj rFkk l jfgUn i zkUrksa dh l a; qDr l suk dh i jkt ; l qudj l ezkV vkSjaxt s+c

ckS[ kyk x; kA ml dks t c i qu% i oZrh; ujs' kksa }kjk i zkFkZuk i =k feyk fd gekjh l gk; rk

dh t k,A rc ml us vi us ofj"V l Sfud vf/ dkfj; ksa dk l Eesyu cqyk; k vkSj ml us

vi us t juSyksa dks yydkjk vkSj dgk & gS dksbZ ,sl k ; ks¼k t ks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dks

i jkft r djs vkSj fxjÝrkj djds esjs l keus yk; sA ; fn ,sl k dksbZ djds fn[ kk nsxk rks

ml s eq¡g ekaxk i qjLdkj i znku fd; k t k; sxkA bl ?kks"k.kk dks l qudj l c t juSy ' kkUr Fks

fdUrq l Sn[ kku dqN nqfo/ k ds i 'pkr~ mBk vkSj ml us ; g pqukSrh Lohdkj dj yhA

l ezkV us ml s i zR; sd i zdkj dh l gk; rk dk vk'okl u fn; k vkSj ml dks fnYyh] l jfgUn

rFkk ykgkSj Nkofu; ksa l s l suk ysdj vkuUni qj i j vkØe.k djuk Fkk] bl ds vfr fjDr

ml s fgekpy ds ujs'kksa }kjk mudh l Sfud l gk; rk rFkk ekxZn'kZu feyuk FkkA




172172

l Hkh Nkofu; ksa l s l suk vkuUni qj i gq¡pus esa dqN l e; yxuk FkkA bl chp

t juSy l Sn[ kku vi us cguksbZ i hj cq¼w'kkg t h o cgu ul hjk csxe dks feyus l <kSj

i gq¡pkA ml us vi us i ¡t kc esa vkus ds i fj; kst u ds fo"k; esa crk; k fd eSa xq: xksfcUn

fl a?k dks fxzQrkj djus vk; k gw¡A ; g l qurs gh i hj t h o ul hjk csxe us dgk & HkS; k

rqe cgqr Hkwy esa gks] og dksbZ l k/ kj.k i q: "k ugha t Sl s fd rqe t kurs gh gks] ge yksx

muds i Dds J¼kyw gSa fi Nys Hkaxk.kh ds ; q¼ esa geus vi us 700 eqjhnksa ds l kFk mudk

i {k fy; k FkkA i fj.kkeLo: i esjs nks csVs vkSj ,d nsoj ' kghn gks x; s FksA ; g l qurs gh

l Sn[ kku us i z'u fd; k fd vki us ,d dkfQj dk D; ksa l kFk fn; k \ mÙkj esa ul hjk

csxe us dgk & nf"V vi uh vi uh gSA gesa og vYykg esa vHksn i q: "k nf"Vxkspj gksrs

gSa t ks fuji s{k gSaA bl i j i hj t h us ml s crk; k] Ýxq:nso rks l Pps njos'k gSaA og fdl h

fj; kl r ( jkT; ) ds Lokeh ugha] u gh mudk y{; fdl h jkT; dh LFkki uk djuk gSA

mUgksaus dbZ ckj i oZrh; ujs' kksa dks i jkft r fd; k gS i jUrq fdl h dh ,d bap Hkwfe i j

Hkh dCt k ugha fd; kA og fdl h l s Hkh ' k=kqrk ugha j[ krsA og rks dsoy vR; kpkj vkSj

vU; k; ds ' k=kq gSaA vl gk; o nhu nqf[ k; ksa dh l gk; rk djuk mudk ,dek=k y{; gSA

vr% muds ,d l adsr i j muds vuq;k; h vi us dks U; ksNkoj djus ds fy, rRi j jgrs

gSaA ,sl s mPp vkpj.k okys egku O; fDrÙo ds l ax fcuk fdl h vk/ kj ds ' k=kqrk Mkyuk

fdl h ds Hkh fgr esa ugha gks l drkA

i hj t h ds opu l qudj l Sn[ kku dk eu nqfo/ k esa gks x; k D; ksafd i hj t h us

Lo; ¡ vi us csVksa vkSj HkkbZ dh muds fy, dqckZuh nh FkhA l Sn[ kku ; g l PpkbZ t kudj

xEHkhj gks x; k vkSj ml ds eu esa xq:nso ds i zR; {k n'kZu djus dh bPNk mRi Uu gqbZA

og vi us us=kksa l s mUgsa ns[ kdj vi uh ft Kkl k ' kkUr djuk pkgrk FkkA vr% ml us

fu.kZ; fy; k fd ; q¼ rks vo' ; gh gksxk] ; fn og i w.kZ i q: "k gSa rks eq>s j.k{ks=k esa ?kekl ku

; q¼ ds l e; esa feysA

l Sn[ kku vi uh l suk dks ; q¼ uhfr ds vUrxZr rSukr dj gh jgk Fkk fd

vodk'k ds l e; esa 'kr jat [ ksyus cSB x; kA rHkh ml dh pkji kbZ esa ,d ck.k vkdj

yxk] fudky dj ns[ kus l s i rk pyk fd ; g vkuUnx<+ nqxZ esa l s vk; k gS vkSj bl ds




173173

i hNs l ksuk eM+k gqvk gSA vf/ dkfj; ksa us ml s crk; k fd dsoy xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds rhj

ds i hNs gh l ksuk gksrk gS] ml dk dkj.k ; g gS fd ; fn ' k=kq ej t krk gS rks ml ds dQu

ds fy, Lo.kZ jkf' k i z; ksx esa ykvksA ; fn ' k=kq ?kk; y voLFkk esa gS rks ml dk mi pkj

fd; k t k,A ; g l c l qudj l Sn[ kku cgqr i zl Uu Hkh gqvk vkSj vk'p; Z esa i M+ x; k vkSj

fopkjus yxk fd eSa rks nqxZ l s yxHkx ,d dksl dh nwjh i j gw¡A ; gk¡ esjs i j vpwd

fu'kku yxuk ,d djkekr gh gSA rHkh nwl jk ck.k ml dh nwl jh vksj pkji kbZ ds i k; s esa

yxk] ml esa ,d dkxt + dk VqdM+k ca/ k gqvk Fkk] t Ynh l s ml s [ kksydj i <+k x; kA ml

i =k esa fy[ kk Fkk & l Sn[ kku ; g djkekr ugha djrc gSA bl i j l Sn[ kku vkSj ml ds

l kFkh fopkjus yxs] ekuk nwj rd eku djus okyk ck.k pykuk djrc gS i jUrq gekjs

ân; dh t kuk ; g rks djkekr gh gSA

vxys fnu ; q¼ i zkjEHk gks x; k] t c nksuksa i {kksa dh l suk,a vkeus&l keus gksdj

Hk; daj ; q¼ esa my>h gqbZ FkhA rHkh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ?kksM+s i j l okj gksdj j.k{ks=k esa

c<+us yxsA mUgsa fl D[ kksa us jksdk vkSj dgk & vki ; q¼ esa u t k,a D; ksafd vkxs ?kekl ku

; q¼ gks jgk gS vkSj ' k=kq dh l suk cM+h l a[ ; k esa gSa i jUrq xq:nso us mUgsa l kaRouk nh vkSj

dgk & gesa dksbZ ; kn dj jgk gS] bl fy, t kuk gh i M+sxk vkSj xq:nso vi uh l Sfud

VqdM+h ysdj vkxs c<+rs gq, l Sn[ kku ds l e{k i gq¡p x; sA l Sn[ kku us xq:nso dks t c

i zR; {k ns[ kk rks ns[ krk gh jg x; k] og mudk rst Lo l gu ugha dj i k; k] rHkh xq:nso

us ml s yydkjk vkSj dgk & l Sn[ kku eSa vk x; k gw¡A vc eq> i j ' kL=k mBkvks vkSj

djks okjA l Sn[ kku fopfyr gks mBkA ml ds dqN {k.k vkRe l a?k"kZ esa O; rhr gq,A og

dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha ys i k jgk FkkA fdUrq ml us vuqHko fd; k eSaus t ks ek¡xk Fkk og i w.kZ

gqvk] vc eq>s D; k pkfg,A og t Ynh l s ?kksM+s l s mr jk vkSj xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k gksdj

vL=k&'kL=k muds pj.kksa esa j[ k fn; s vkSj dgus yxk fd t Sl k l quk Fkk oSl k gh i k; k

gS vkSj muds ?kksM+s dh jdkc esa fl j / j fn; kA xq:nso us ml dh uezrk vkSj t hou esa

ØkfUr ns[ kdj] ?kksM+s l s mr jdj ml s d.B l s yxk; k vkSj dgk & ekaxks D; k pkgrs gks\

; g n' ; ns[ kdj ; q¼ :d x; k vkSj nksuksa i {kksa dh l suk,a foLe; voLFkk esa vk xbZA

xq:nso us ml s j.kHkwfe esa gh ' kk'or Kku fn; k vkSj og onhZ ogha mrkj] dgha nwj vn' ;

gks x; kA




174174

; q¼ :d x; k fdUrq l suk dh deku jet +ku [ k+ku us l EHkkyhA ,d jkr va/ sjs

esa xq:nso ds l Sfudksa us nqxZ l s ckgj vkdj t ks / kok cksyk rks ml esa u dsoy jet ku

cfYd nwl js t juSy i Sans[ kku rFkk nhuk csx Hkh ekjs x; sA ; g i jkt ; dh ?kVuk,a t c

vkSjaxt +sc ds i kl i gq¡ph rks og vkx&ccwyk gks x; kA xq:nso ds gkFkksa vi uh l suk dh

i jkt ; vFkok voekuuk ml s fdl h ewY; i j l gu ugha FkhA

vkuUni qj d h pkSFkh vkSj vfUr e yM+kbZ

vkSjaxt s+c dks ; g l wpuk,a feyus i j cgqr fpUrk gqbZ fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds

l kFk yM+us dks xbZ eqxy l sukvksa ds l jnkj Hkh xq:nso ds eqjhn cu t krs gSa vkSj ckn'kkgh

l sukvksa ds fo:¼ xq:nso ds i {k esa yM+us yx t krs gSaA ml us fnYyh] ykgkSj] l jfgUn]

t Eew o l qYrku ds uokcksa dks fy[ kk fd os feydj vkuUni qj i j geyk djsa vkSj xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks dSn dj ysaA ; fn xq:nso dks ft Unk u i dM+k t k l ds rks mu dk

fl j dkV dj yk; k t k,A ml us cgqr l [ rh l s fy[ kk fd bl dke esa jÙkh Hkj Hkh

foyEc u fd; k t k,A

vkSjaxt s+c dk vkns'k i gq¡pus ds mi jkUr ] l jfgUn ds uokc ot +hn [ k+ku us i gkM+h

jkt kvksa dks dgk fd os bl ckj vkuUnqi j i j geys dsl e; eqx+y l sukvksa dk l kFk nsaA

fcykl i qj ds vehj pUn] dk¡xM+k ds ?kqeaM pUn] t l oky ds ohj fl ag o dqYyw] dScy]

eaMh] t Eew] uwji qj] pack] xqysj] Jh uxj (x<+oky)] cq'kgj] fct joky vkSj M<oky

vkfn ds jkt kvksa us eqxy l sukvksa dk l kFk nsus dk Qsl yk fd; kA ja?kM+ vkSj xqt j Hkh bl

l ka>s egkt esa ' kkfey gks x; sA ykgkSj dk t cnZLr [ k+ku o l jfgUn dk ot hn [ k+ku

gt kjksa dh l suk ysdj vkuUni qj dh vksj py i M+sA fnYyh vkSj d'ehj l s Hkh eqxy l suk,a

b/ j py i M+haA i Bkuh {ks=k esa / eZ ; q¼ dk ukjk Hkh yxk; k x; k] bl fy, gksrh enkZu

{ks=k rd ds eql yeku d'ehj dh l suk ds l kFk ' kkfey gq,A

t c vkSjaxt sc ds vkns'kksa dh l wpuk] Jh xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks feyh Fkh rks mUgksaus

Hkh ek>k] ekyok o nqvkcs ds xk¡oksa esa fl D[ kksa dks l ans'k Hkst fn; s FksA t c fl D[ kksa dks

i rk pyk fd eqxy vkSj i gkM+h l suk,a ,d ckj fQj vkuUni qj dk ukeksfu'kku feVkus




175175

ds bjkns l s yM+kbZ djus dh rS; kfj; k¡ dj jgh gSa rks os xk¡oksa l s l axfBr gks dj ' kL=k ?kksM+s]

jl n o vU; t : jh l keku ysdj vkuUni qj dks py i M+sA t ks fl D[ k vkuUni qj esa i gq¡ps

mudh l a[ ; k ek=k nl gt kj ds djhc FkhA

fnYyh] l jfgUn dh eqxy QkSt ] i gkM+h jkt kvksa dh l suk vkSj xwt jksa] ja?kM+ksa dk

dkfQyk & bu l c dk jksi M+ ds i kl esy gqvkA m/ j l s ykgkSj o d'ehj dh eqxy

l suk vkSj t sgkfn; ksa dk t RFkk ywVekj djus ds pkgoku l ryqt ds bl Nksj i j ,d=k

gks x; kA vr% 'k=kq nyksa ds ,d fgLl s us l w;ksZn; dh fn'kk l s nwl js fgLl s us l w;kZLr dh

fn'kk l s ebZ 1704 (22 T; s"B l aor 1761) dks vkuUni qj i j vkØe.k dj fn; kA

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us i k¡p i k¡p l kS fl D[ kksa ds i k¡p t RFks dsl x<+] vuanx<+]

gksyx<+] yksgx<+ vkSj vaxei qjs esa rSukr dj fn; s vkSj vkuUni qj uxj dks [ kkyh djus

dk vkns'k ns fn; k x; kA

'k=kqvksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, fl D[ kksa us uxj l s ckgj vk dj ekspkZcanh

dhA nksuksa fn'kkvksa l s rksi ksa ds xksys] canwdsa bR; kfn xksfy; ksa vkSj rhjksa dh o"kkZ gksrh jghA

fl D[ k l suk Å¡ps LFkku i j Fkh vkSj ' k=kq ny uhps LFkku i j] bl fy, ml LFkku l s

fl D[ kksa us rhjksa o canwdksa ds l kFk ' k=kq dk vPNk&[ kkl k uqDl ku fd; kA ryokj pykus

esa rks fl D[ k fo'ks"k rkSj i j ekfgj FksA t c fl D[ kksa ds t RFks oSjh ny ds l ehi i gq¡p

t krs] rks fl D[ k ryokjsa ys dj oSjh i j Hkw[ ks ' ksjksa dh r jg VwV i M+rsA t gk¡ fl D[ k / kfeZd

Hkkouk ds v/ hu vR; kpkj o t qYe ds fo:¼ yM+ jgs Fks] ogha eqxy vkSj i gkM+h fl i kgh

dsoy osru dh [ kkfr j yM+ jgs FksA vr% ; g LokHkkfod Fkk fd eqxyksa o i gkfM+; s

fl i kfg; ksa esa fl D[ kksa t Sl k t ks'k] Hkkouk o cqyanh vFkok p<+nhdyka dh Hkkouk ugha FkhA

dqN gh fnuksa esa eqxyksa dks ;g ckr l kQ gks xbZ fd ; fn os fl D[ kksa ds gkFkksa ,sl s gh

vi us t oku ejokrs jgs rks vkuUni qj dks t hrk ugha t k l dsxkA vr% yxHkx ,d

eghuk rd ,sl s yM+us ds i ' pkr mUgksaus i hNs gVdj] j.kuhfr vi ukrs gq, vkuUni qj

dks pkjksa vksj l s ?ksjus dk Qsl yk fd; k rkfd u rks vkSj fl D[ k vkuUni qj esa i gq¡p l dsa

vkSj u gh nqxksZ esa fl D[ kksa dks jl n i kuh i gq¡p l ds vkSj var r% os Hkw[ k ds nq[ k l s rax

vkdj gfFk; kj Qsad nsaA




176176

' k=kq }kjk vkuUni qj dh ukdkcanh djus l s fl D[ kksa dks jl n i kuh dh dfBukbZ

i zrhr gksus yxhA t ks ugjh i kuh] ukys l s vkuUni qj dks pyrkFkk] eqxyksa us ml dk eq¡g

Hkh eksM+ fn; kA nq'eu dh bu pkyksa dks vl Qy djus ds fy, fl D[ kksa us Nki s ekj t RFks

rS; kj dj fy; sA cs[ kcj cSBh eqxy QkSt + i j fl D[ k vpkud geyk cksyrs] dbZ ' k=kqvksa

dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj dj vkSj jl n o t axh l keku ywV dj okfi l vk t krsA ; s Nki s

fHkUu fHkUu l e; i j ekjs t krs Fks & dHkh nksi gj dks] dHkh vk/ h jkr dks vkSj dHkh

jkr ds fi Nys i gj esa ft l l e; 'k=kq vkjke l s l ks, gksrs FksA fl D[ kksa ds bu Nki ksa ds

dkj.k 'k=kq ny Hkh l ko/ ku gks x; kA jl n o t axh l keku i hNs gVkdj l qjf{kr LFkku

i j j[ kk t kus yxkA uxj dk ?ksjk vkSj dl fn; k x; kA

'k=kq ds bu i z; Ruksa ds QyLo: i fl D[ k cgqr eqf'dy esa Q¡l x,A t ks dqN

'kgj esa o fl D[ kksa ds fdyksa esa Fkk] fl D[ k ml h i j xqt kjk djus yxsA i j vanj jl n

i kuh cgqr T; knk ugha FkkA vkuUni qj ,d rks NksVk l k uxj Fkk] fQj nl gt kj ' kwjohj

fl D[ kksa dh vko' ; drkvksa dh i wfrZ ds fy, Hkh] jl n i kuh dh t : jr FkhA Hkys gh ?kjksa

l s pyrs l e; fl D[ k gfFk; kj vkSj gj i zdkj dk t : jh l keku ysdj pys Fks] i j fdl h

dks bl ckr dh vk'kk Hkh u Fkh fd dbZ eghus yxkrkj bl h l keku i j xqt kjus i M+

t k; saxsA T; ksa&T; ksa ?kkl vkSj vUu esa deh gksrh xbZ] l Hkh dh nSfud jl n ?kVus yxhA

gkykr ; gk¡ rd i gq¡p x, fd ,d ,d eqV~Bh puksa l s fl D[ kksa dks i sV dh Tokyk dks

'kkar djuk i M+kA dbZ ckj pus Hkh u feyrsA Hkw[ k ds d"V l s gkFkh o ?kksM+s Hkh rM+i rM+i

dj ejus yxsA

; fn fl D[ k fdys esa Hkw[ k vkSj chekfj; ksa ds dkj.k eql hcr esa Q¡l s i M+s Fks rks ckgj

' k=kq ny Hkh l q[ kh ugha FkkA nks yk[ k ckonhZ l suk ds vfr fjDr ] t sgknh vkSj ywVekj djus

dks vk,a >qaM Hkh yk[ kksa dh l a[ ; k esa FksA vr% eqxy l sukvksa us vUu vkSj / u dh i zkfIr

ds fy, pkjksa vksj xk¡oksa ds xk¡o mt kM+ fn; sA xk¡oksa dh efgykvksa o cPpksa i j Hkh

vR; kpkj fd, x,A Ql ys vkSj ?kjksa ds mt kM+ o efgykvksa ds vi eku ds dkj.k yksxksa

esa gk&gkdkj ep xbZA yksx ' kkgh l sukvksa o i gkfM+; ksa ds l kFk uQjr djus yx x,A

ot hn [ k+ku vkSj t cjnLr [ k+ku us uhfr vi ukus dh jkg dks pqukA ,d nwr xq: t h dh




177177

vksj Hkst k rkfd os v/ hurk dks Lohdkj dj ysaA i j fl D[ kksa us ml nwr dks xq:nso rd

i gq¡pu gh us fn; k vkSj og xq: t h dks fcuk feys gh okfi l vk x; kA

eqxy l sukvksa us ,d t ksjnkj geyk Hkh fd; k i j fl D[ kksa us mudh nhokj rd

Hkh u vkus fn; kA Hkw[ ks i sV fl D[ k t Sdkjs xt krs gq, yM+ jgs FksA

eqxy l jnkj cgqr mnkl hurk dh n'kk esa FksA ?ksjk yEck py jgk Fkk vkSj fl D[ k

Fks fd v/ hurk dks Lohdkj djus dh t xg i j yM+us ejus dks rS; kj cSBs FksA eqxy o

i gkM+h l suk dks i gys xehZ] o"kkZ o ck<+ ds dkj.k cgqr i js' kkuh gqbZ FkhA vc l fnZ; k¡

l ehi vk jgh FkhaA og Hkh bl t ax l s i hNk NqM+okuk pkgrs FksA mUgksaus (eqxy l jnkjksa

vkSj i gkM+h jkt kvksa) us Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dks / ks[ ks l s Q¡l kus dh pky pyhA mu dk

fopkj Fkk fd ; fn Hkw[ k vkSj chekfj; ksa ds l rk; s gq, fl D[ k] fdyksa l s ckgj vk t k,a rks

mu dks ekjk ; k i dM+k t k l drk gSA mUgksaus nks nwr ,d czkã.k o ,d l S; n xq: t h

dh vksj Hkst sA mUgksaus xq: t h dks ,d i =k fn; k ft l esa eqxy l jnkjksa us dqjku vkSj

i gkM+h jkt kvksa us xhrk dh dl esa [ kk dj dgk fd ; fn fl D[ k fdyk NksM+ t k; saxs rks

mudks dqN ugha dgk t k,xk vkSj os (eqxy l jnkj) vkSjaxt s+c dks eq¡g fn[ kykus ; ksX;

gks t k; saxsA xq: nso us fl D[ kksa dks l e>k;k fd ; g l c 'k=kq dh j.kuhfr ; k¡ o pkysa gSa]

i j jl n i kuh dh raxh ds dkj.k vkSj brus yEcs t ax esa fl D[ k ' kwjohjksa dh l a[ ; k de

gks t kus ds dkj.k os det ksj fny gks x; s FksA mUgksaus xq: t h dks dgk fd t c oSjh /

eZ i qLrdksa dh dLesa [ kkrs gSa rks fdyk NksM+ dj t kus esa dksbZ gt Z ughaA l rxq: t h us

,sl k fujkyk [ ksy [ ksyk fd ' k=kqvksa dh i ksy [ kqy xbZA vki us dqN cSyxkfM+; ksa] [ kPpjksa

o x/ ksa i j Qêðs i qjkus di M+s] VwVs t wrs o dwM+k vkfn ykn fy; kA bl l c dks dherh

l keku dh HkkfUr <d dj ' kgj l s ckgj Hkst k x; kA vk/ h jkr dk l e; Fkk vkSj

[ kPpjksa o x/ ksa ds fl jksa i j t yrh gqbZ e'kkysa ck¡/ j[ kh FkhA t c ' k=kqvksa us l kspk fd

dherh l keku cSyxkfM+; ksa vkSj [ kPpjksa i j ykndj ckgj Hkst k t k jgk gS rks mUgksaus ml

eky i j geyk cksy fn; kA t c Qêðs i qjkus di M+s rFkk dwM+k gkFk yxk rks mudks cgqr

' kfeZnaxh mBkuh i M+hA

dqN l e; vkSj O; rhr gks x; kA fl D[ kksa dks oSjh ny l s f?kjs gq, vkSj 'k=kq ds




178178

l kFk yM+rs gq, N%&l kr eghus chr x, FksA [ kqjkd dh deh us mu ds ' kjhj <hys djfn, Fks vkSj mudks dbZ i zdkj dh chekfj; k¡ yx xbZ FkhA bu fnuksa esa gh vkSjaxt s+c dh,d fpV~Bh vkbZ ft l ds l kFk ml us nLr [ kr fd; k gqvk dqjku Hkh Hkst k FkkA ml us mlfpV~Bh esa dbZ vk'okl u fn; s gq, Fks vkSj fy[ kk Fkk fd vki (xq: t h) ' kkgh fodkjdks dk; e j[ kus ds fy, ; g t : jh gS fd vki vkuUni qj [ kkyh dj nksA t c fl D[ k; ks¼kvksa dks vkSjaxt s+c dh fpV~Bh dk i rk pyk rks mUgksaus feydj xq:nso t h dsl Eeq[ k fourh dh fd l Hkh dh HkykbZ dh [ kkfr j xq:nso t ax canh dk ,syku dj nsa vkSjfl D[ k l Sfudksa l fgr uxj [ kkyh dj nsaA xq:nso us l c dks / S; Z c¡/ ok; k vkSj l e>k; kfd ; g Hkh oSjh dh ,d ubZ pky gSA

m/ j xq:nso us eq[ kh fl D[ kksa ds l kFk gkykr ds ckjs esa fopkj foe'kZ fd; kAfl D[ kksa ds i kl jl n i kuh rks [ kRe gks pqdk FkkA i sM+ksa ds fNyds Hkh i hl i hl dj [ kkfy, x, FksA bl n'kk esa vkSj vf/ d yEcs l e; ds fy, yM+k ugha t k l drk FkkA vr%; g Qsl yk fd; k x; k fd oSjh ds l kFk j.k esa t w> fy; k t k,A t ks fl D[ k t w>rs gq,l qjf{kr gh LFkku i j pys t k,a os rS; kjh djds fQj eqxy gkfdeksa ds fo:¼ l a?k"kZ NsM+saA

uxjokfl ; ksa dh efgyk,a o cPps rks t ax vkjEHk gksus l s i gys gh ckgj Hkst s t kpqds Fks i jUrq xq:nso dk l kjk i fjokj vkuUni qj esa gh FkkA nwjn'khZ xq:nso us ' k=kq ds gjr jg ds / ks[ ks vkSj pkyksa dks nf"V esa j[ krs gq, NksVs l kfgct knksa] i Ruh vkSj ekrk t h dhl qi jnkjh vyx vyx fl D[ kksa dks dj nh rkfd i zR; sd fl D[ k vi uh vi uh ft Eesokjhds i zfr l t x jgsA xq: }kjksa dh l sok l EHkky ds fy, mnkl h fl D[ k HkkbZ xqjc[ ' k dks

vkuUni qj esa LFkkbZ rkSj i j jgus dh vkKk dhA

vkuUnx<+ d k R; kx

l u~ 1704 bZLoh 20 fnl Ecj dh eè; jkf=k dk l e; ] i ¡t kc dh 'khr ½rq

; ksou i j FkhA ckgj gfM~M; k t ek nsus okyh l nhZ D; ksafd nks fnu l s ?ku?kksj o"kkZ gks jgh

Fkh vkSj vHkh Hkh cwankckanh gks jgh FkhA vkuUni qj esa l UukVk FkkA dksl ksa rd QSys eqxyksa

ds f' kfojksa esa ekSu O; kIr FkkA l ¡l kj l ks jgk Fkk fdUrq vkuUnx<+ fdys ds vUnj dqN

gypy FkhAPrint to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



179179

dksbZ vi uk eky&ey yqVk jgk Fkk] vewY; oLrqvksa dks vfXu HksaV djds

vFkok Hkwfe esa xk<+ djA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dh vkuUni qj ds fdys esa ; g vfUre jkf=k

FkhA dy i zkr% u t kus og dgk¡ gksaxs vkSj muds cPps dgk¡\

vkuUni qj NksM+us l s i gys og fcYdqy [ kkyh gksdj] gYdk gksdj t kuk pkgrs

FksA l Hkh dqN Lokgk djdsA t ks vfXu l EHkky u l ds] ml s / jrh ds l qi qnZ djds] ft l l s

' k=kq ds uki kd gkFk bu pht +ksa dks Nw u l dsa] bl dh nqxZfr u gksA

vk/ h jkr chrus dks vkbZA rkjksa ds gYds gYds i zdk'k esa dqdqjeqÙkk dh HkkfUr

l h/ h vkSj yEck] Å¡pk] ?kqVuksa dks Nwus okyh yEch l qMkSy ckgksa okyk] Nkrh ruh gqbZ

,d bZ'ojh; psgjk fdys l s ckgj fudykA enZ vxaeM+k xq: xksfcUn fl a?k vkuUni qj NksM+

dj t k jgk FkkA

vkxs vkxs nks l wjek FksA nkfguh vksj eksgde fl a?k vkSj l kfgc fl a?k] i hNs i hNs

xq: l kfgc ds nks cM+s yky & l kfgct knk vt hr fl a?k vkSj l kfgct knk t q>kj fl a?k] nksuksa

ds gkFkksa esa rhj deku FksA buds i hNs HkkbZ fgEer fl a?k] fl Ddk ck:n vkSj rksi dk rksM+k

dU/ ksa i j mBk; s vk jgk FkkA ml ds l kFk l kFk xqykc jk; ] ' ; ke fl a?k vkSj xq:nso ds

vU; l axh&l kFkh py jgs FksA vfUre ykbZu esa Fks xq: ds ukSdj&pkdj vkSj i k¡p ,d

l kS Hkw[ k l s l rk; s gq, fl D[ kA xq:nso dh ekrk NksVs nks l kfgct knksa ds l kFk l cl s i gys

jokuk dh t k pqdh FkhaA mUgha ds l kFk xq: l kfgc dh / eZi fRu; k¡ l qUnjh t h vkSj l kfgc

dkSj t h Hkh pyh xbZ FkhA

; g yksx vkuUni qj l s dgk¡ t k jgs FksA ; g rks 'kk; n mUgsa Hkh i rk u FkkA t k jgs

Fks vdky i q: "k ds Hkjksl sA LokfHkeku ds cnys rkt ] r [ r Bqdjkus okys O; fDr; ksa dk

og dkfQ+yk fcuk eaft y dk i rk yxk; s fudy i M+kA budk gj dne eaft y FkkA

• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •




180180

pkSFkk (pr qFkZ) vè; k;

vkuUni qj l s i zLFkku

vHkh xq: l kfgc fl jl k unh ds bl i kj gh Fks fd Hkksj gks xbZA bl h verdkyesa gj jkst vkuUnx<+ esa vkl k t h nh okj* dk nhoku l t k djrk FkkA xq: l kfgc vkSjfl D[ k HkfDr esa t qM+ t k; k djrs Fks vkSj dhrZu dk jl ysrsA bl l e; i zHkq l s è; kuyxkus dh vknr i Ddh gksus ds dkj.k fl D[ kksa dks dqN [ kks; k&[ kks; k l k vuqHko gqvkt Sl s vQheph dks vQhe u feysA dbZ l kyksa esa vkt i gyh ckj os vkl k t h nh okj*dk l e; Vkyus i j et cwj gq, FksA xt ksa dh nwjh i j cSBh nq'eu dh QkSt ksa l s cpdj ospqi pki t k jgs FksA dhrZu djuk nq'eu dks cqykdj eql hcr eksy ysuk FkkA i j bl Vksysdk l jnkj og O; fDr Fkk ft l dh ut +jksa esa vdky i q: "k dh cUnxh ds l keus nqfu; k dhl c pht sa+ O; FkZ FkhA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k HkkSfrd oLrqvksa] jkt &jt okM+s] / u&nkSyr vkSjvi uh t ku dks Hkh R;kx l drs Fks i j i zHkq dk uke ughaA ; g xq: ukud dh vkjfEHkdnsu Fkh vkSj l Hkh xq:vksa dh / eZ&e; kZnkA

'k=kq ds vkØe.k dh dksbZ fpUrk u djds xq: l kfgc us vkKk nh fd fuR; dhHkkfUr vkl k nh okj gksxhA og i zk.k gFksyh i j j[ k dj ?kweus okyk fofp=k O; fDr; ksa dkt RFkk fl jl k unh ds fdukjs HkfDr jl esa Mwc x; kA

fl jl k unh dh t y&r jaxksa us t ks vugn ukn l quk] og dqN bl i zdkj Fkk &

t yl r qfgA Fkyl r qfgA ukfnl r qfgA unl r qfgA

t +eh r qfgA t ek r qfgA ed gha r qfgA ed ka r qfgA

t r l r qfgA ozr l r qfgA xr l r qfgA i r l r qfgA

r qfg r qfgA r qfg r qfgA r qfg r qfgA r qfg r qfgA*

cjl rh xksfy; ksa dh Nk; k ds uhps fd; k x; k ; g dhrZu xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds

vkfRed >qdko vkSj : gkuh ewY; ksa dk HkkSfrd Qt ksZa i j Hkk: gksus dk l qPpk vkSj Å¡pk

uewuk i zLrqr fd; kA




181181

xk; vkSj dqjku dh dl esa mBk dj xq: l kfgc dks l gh l yker vkuUni qj l s

fudy t kus dk Hkjksl k fnykus okyksa dks t c i rk yxk fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k vi us

i fjokj vkSj fl D[ kksa l fgr fl jl k unh ds fdukjs i gq¡p x, gSa rks os l kjs dkSy] bdjkj

vkSj dl esa Hkwy x,A ,d vksj rks vkuUni qj ' kgj i j gYyk cksyk vkSj ml s cqjh r jg ywVk

vkSj nwl jh vksj fl D[ kksa ds i hNs l suk Mky nhA fl jl k i kj djrs djrs dbZ >M+i sa gqbZ]

ft l esa dbZ fl D[ k ekjs x,A dbZ unh esa fQl y dj fxj i M+sA i k¡p l kS esa l s dsoy

pkyhl fl D[ k cps t ks xq: l kfgc ds l kFk jksi M+ ds l ehi pedkSj dh x<+h esa i gq¡p x,A

l kFk nks cM+s l kfgct kns Hkh FksA bl xM+cM+h esa xq: l kfgc ds nks NksVs l kfgct kns ekrk t h

l fgr xq: l kfgc l s fcNqM+ x,A ekrk l qUnjh vkSj ekrk l kfgc dkSj] HkkbZ euh fl a?k ds

l kFk fnYyh dh vksj pys x,A ft l s ft / j ekxZ feyk] py i M+kA

xq: l kfgc us vi uh ekrk vkSj nksuksa NksVs i q=kksa dks ,d fl D[ k dks l kSai rs gq,

vkKk nh fd ; fn fdl h dkj.k l s fcNM+ t k,a rks mUgsa fnYyh i gq¡pk fn; k t k,A xM+cM+

esa t c os l peqp xq: egkjkt l s fcNM+s rks ml fl D[ k us l ehi ds vi us xk¡o esa mUgsa

Bgjkus dk QSl yk fd; k vkSj l kspk fd t c dqN 'kkfUr gks t k,xh rks mUgsa fnYyh Hkst

fn; k t k,xkA

ped kSj d k ; q¼

dhjr i qj l s yxHkx pkj dksl dh nwjh i j l jl k unh gSA ft l l e; fl D[ kksa dk

dkfQyk bl cjl krh unh ds fdukjs i gq¡pk rks bl esa Hk; adj ck<+ vkbZ gqbZ Fkh vkSj i kuh

t ksjksa i j FkkA bl l e; fl D[ k Hkkjh dfBukbZ esa f?kj x,A muds fi Nyh r jQ 'k=kq ny

ekjks&ekj djrk vk jgk Fkk vkSj l keus l jl k unh Qaqdkjk ekj jgh Fkh] fu.kZ; rqjUr

ysuk FkkA vr% Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us dgk & dqN l Sfud ; gha ' k=kq dks ; q¼ esa

myt k dj j[ kksa vkSj t ks l jl k i kj djus dh {kerk j[ krs gSa os vi us ?kksM+s l jl k ds

cgko ds l kFk unh i kj djus dk i z; Ru djsaA ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA HkkbZ mn; fl a?k rFkk

t hou fl a?k vi us vi us t RFks ysdj ' k=kq ds l kFk fHkM+ x; sA brus esa xq:nso l jl k unh

i kj djus esa l Qy gks x,A fdUrq l SdM+ksa fl a?k l jl k unh i kj djrs gq, ekSr dk f' kdkj




182182

gks x, D; ksafd i kuh dk osx cgqr rh[ kk FkkA dbZ rks i kuh ds cgko esa cgrs gq, dbZZ

dksl nwj cg x,A i kS"k ekg ds fnu Fks] t kM+s ½rq dh o"kkZ] unh dk cQhZyk BaMk i kuh]

bu ckrksa us xq:nso ds l Sfudksa ds ' kjhjksa dks l qUu dj fn; kA bl h dkj.k ' k=kq l suk us l jl k

unh i kj djus dk l kgl ugha fd; kA

l jl k unh i kj djus ds i ' pkr~ 40 fl D[ k nks cM+s l kfgct kns vt hr fl a?k rFkk

t q>kj fl a?k ds vfr fjDr xq:nso Lo; ¡ dqy feykdj 43 O; fDr ; ksa dh fxurh gqbZaA unh

ds bl i kj HkkbZ mn; fl a?k rFkk t hou fl a?k eqxyksa ds vusdksa geyksa dks i NkM+rs jgs vksj

os rc rd ohjrk l s yM+rs jgs t c rd muds i kl ,d Hkh t hfor l Sfud Fkk vkSj

vUrr% os nksuksa t RFkssnkj ; q¼ Hkwfe esa xq: vkKk fuHkkrs vkSj dÙkZO; i kyu djrs gq,

ohjxfr i k x; sA bl Hk; adj mFky&i qFky esa xq:nso dk i fjokj mul s fcNqM+ x; kA HkkbZ

euh fl a?k t h ds t RFks esa ekrk l kgc dkSj t h o ekrk l qUnj dkSj t h nks Vgy l sok djus

okyh nkfl ; ka FkhA nks fl D[ k HkkbZz t okgj fl a?k rFkk / Uuk fl a?k t ks fnYyh ds fuokl h Fks]

; g yksx l jl k unh i kj dj i k, ] ; g l c gfj}kj l s gksdj fnYyh i gq¡psA t gk¡ HkkbZ

t okgj fl a?k budks vi us ?kj ys x; kA nwl js t RFks esa ekrk xqt jh t h NksVs l kgct kns

t ksjkoj fl a?k vkSj Qrsg fl a?k rFkk x¡xk jke czkã.k gh Fks] t ks xq: ?kj dk jl ksbZ; k FkkA

bl dk xk¡o [ ksgsM+h ; gka l s yxHkx 15 dksl dh nwjh i j ekSfjaMs dLcs ds fudV FkkA x¡xk

jke ekrk xqt jh t h o l kgct knksa dks vi us xk¡o ys x; kA

xq:nso vi us pkyhl fl D[ kksa ds l kFk vkxs c<+rs gq, nksi gj rd pedkSj uked

{ks=k ds ckgj ,d cxhps esa i gq¡psA ; gk¡ ds LFkkuh; yksxksa us xq:nso dk gkfnZd Lokxr

fd; k vkSj i zR; sd i zdkj dh l gk; rk dhA ; gha ,d fdykuqek dPph gosyh Fkh t ks

l kefjd nf"V l s cgqr egÙoi w.kZ Fkh D; ksafd bl dks ,d Å¡ps Vhys i j cuk; k x; k FkkA

ft l ds pkjksa vksj [ kqyk l ery eSnku FkkA gosyh ds Lokeh cq/ hpUn us xq:nso l s vkxzg

fd; k fd vki bl gosyh esa foJke djsaA xq:nso us vkxs t kuk mfpr ugha l e>kA vr%

pkyhl fl D[ kksa dks NksVh NksVh VqdfM+; ksa esa ck¡V dj muesa cpk [ kqpk vl yk ck¡V fn; k

vkSj l Hkh fl D[ kksa dks eqdkcys ds fy, ekspksZ i j rSukr dj fn; kA vc l Hkh dks ekywe

Fkk fd eR; q fuf'pr gS i jUrq [ kkyl k l SU; dk fl ¼kUr Fkk fd 'k=kq ds l e{k gfFk; kj




183183

ugha Mkyus dsoy ohjxfr i zkIr djuh gSA vr% vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus ds fy, l Hkh

fl D[ k rRi j gks x; sA x:nso vi us pkyhl f' k"; ksa dh rkdr l s vl a[ ; eqx+y l suk l s

yM+us dh ; kst uk cukus yxsA xq:nso us Lo; a dPph x<+h (gosyh) ds Åi j vV~Vkfydk

esa ekspkZ l EHkkykA vU; fl D[ kksa us Hkh vi us vi us ekspZs cuk, vkSj eqx+y l suk dh jkg

ns[ kus yxsA

m/ j t Sl s gh cjl krh ukyk l jl k ds i kuh dk cgko de gqvkA eqx+y l suk fVM~Mh

ny dh r jg ml s i kj djds xq:nso dk i hNk djrh gqbZ pedkSj ds eSnku esa i gq¡phA

ns[ krs gh ns[ krs ml us xq:nso dh dPph x<+h dks ?ksj fy; kA eqx+y l suki fr ; ksa dks xk¡o

okyksa l s i rk py x; k Fkk fd xq:nso ds i kl dsoy pkyhl gh l Sfud gsaA vr% os ; gk¡

xq:nso dks cUnh cukus ds LoIu ns[ kus yxsA l jfgUn ds uokc ot hn [ k+ku us Hkksj gksrs

gh equknh djok nh fd ; fn xq:nso vi us vki dks l kfFk; ksa l fgr eqx+y i z'kkl u ds

gokys djsa rks mudh t ku c[ ' kh t k l drh gSA bl equknh ds mÙkj esa xq:nso us eqx+y

l sukvksa i j rhjksa dh ckSNkj dj nhA bl l e; eqdkcyk pkyhl fl D[ kksa dk gt +kjksa

(vl a[ ; ) dh fxurh esa eqx+y l SU; cy ds l kFk FkkA bl i j xq:nso us Hkh rks ,d&,d

fl D[ k dks l ok&l ok yk[ k ds l kFk yM+kus dh l kSxU/ [ kkbZ gqbZ FkhA vc bl l kSxU/

dks Hkh fo'o ds l e{k fØ; kfUor djds i zn'kZu djus dk ' kqHk vol j vk x; k FkkA

22 fnl Ecj l u~ 1704 dks l ¡l kj dk vuks[ kk ;q¼ i zkjEHk gks x; kA vkdk'k esa

?ku?kksj ckny Fks vkSj / heh / heh cwankckanh gks jgh FkhA o"kZ dk l cl s NksVk fnu gksus ds

dkj.k l w; Z Hkh cgqr nsj l s mn; gqvk Fkk] dM+kds dh ' khr ygj py jgh Fkh fdUrq

xeZt ks'kh Fkh rks dPph gosyh esa vkJ; fy, cSBs xq:nso ds ; ks¼kvksa ds ân; esaA

dPph x<+h i j vkØe.k gqvkA Hkhr j l s rhjksa vkSj xksfy; ksa dh ckSNkj gqbZA vusd

eqx+y l Sfud grkgr gq,A nksckjk l 'kDr / kos dk Hkh ; gh gky gqvkA eqx+y l suki fr ; ksa

dks vfo'okl gksus yxk Fkk fd dksbZ pkyhl l Sfudksa dh l gk; rk l s bruk l cy Hkh cu

l drk gSA

fl D[ k l Sfud yk[ kksa dh l suk esa f?kjs fuHkZ; Hkko l s yM+us&ejus dk ukVd [ ksy

jgs FksA muds i kl t c xksyk ck:n vkSj ck.k l ekIr gks x, fdUrq eqx+y l Sfudksa dh x<+h




184184

ds l ehi Hkh t kus dh fgEer ugha gqbZ rks mUgksaus ryokj vkSj Hkkys dk ; q¼ yM+us ds

fy, eSnku esa fudyuk vko' ; d l e>kA l oZi zFke HkkbZ fgEer fl a?k dks xq:nso us

vkns'k fn; k fd og vi us l kfFk; ksa l fgr i k¡p dk t RFkk ysdj j.k{ks=k esa t kdj 'k=kq l s

t w>sA rHkh eqx+y t jusy ukgj [ k+ku us l h<+h yxkdj x<+h i j p<+us dk i z; kl fd; k

fdUrq xq:nso us ml dks ogha ck.k l s Hksn dj fpr dj fn; kA ,d vksj t juSy [ okt k

egewn vyh us t c l kfFk; ksa dks ejrs gq, ns[ kk rks og nhokj dh vksV esa Hkkx x; kA

xq:nso us ml dh bl cqt fnyh ds dkj.k ml s vi uh jpuk esa ejnwn djds fy[ kk gSA

l jfgUn ds uokc us l sukvksa dks ,d ckj bDV~Bs gksdj dPph x<+h i j i w.kZ osx

l s vkØe.k djus dk vkns'k fn; kA fdUrq xq:nso Å¡ps Vhys dh gosyh esa gksus ds dkj.k

l kefjd nf"V l s vPNh i fjfLFkfr esa FksA vr% mUgksaus ; g vkØe.k foQy dj fn; k

vkSj fl a?kksa ds ck.kksa dh o"kkZ l s l SdM+ksa eqx+y fl i kfg; ksa dks l nk dh uhan l qyk fn; kA

fl D[ kksa ds t RFks us x<+h l s ckgj vkdj c<+ jgh eqx+y l suk dks djkjs gkFk fn[ kyk; sA

x<+h dh Åi j dh vV~Vkfydk (vVkjh) l s xq:nso Lo; ¡ vi us ; ks¼kvksa dh l gk; rk

' k=kqvksa i j ck.k pykdj dj jgs FksA ?kM+h Hkj [ kwc yksgs i j yksgk ct kA l SdM+ksa l Sfud

eSnku esa fxj x,A vUrr% i k¡pksa fl D[ k Hkh ' kghn gks x; sA fQj xq:nso us i k¡p fl D[ kksa

dk nwl jk t RFkk x<+h l s ckgj j.k{ks=k esa Hkst kA bl t RFks us Hkh vkxs c<+rs gq, ' k=kqvksa ds

NDds NqM+k, vkSj mudks i hNs / dsy fn; k vkSj ' k=kqvksa dk Hkkjh t kuh uqDl ku djrs

gq, Lo; ¡ Hkh ' kghn gks x,A bl i zdkj xq:nso us j.kuhfr cukbZ vkSj i k¡p i k¡p ds t RFks

ckjh ckjh j.k{ks=k esa Hkst us yxsA t c i k¡pok t RFkk ' kghn gks x; k rks nksi gj dk l e;

gks x; k FkkA

l jfgUn ds uokc ot +hn [ k+ku dh fgnk; rksa dk i kyu djrs gq, t juSy gnk; r

[ kku] bl ekbZy [ kku] Qqykn [ kku] l qyrku [ kku] vl eky [ kku] t gku [ kku] [ kyhy

[ k+ku vkSj Hkwjs [ k+ku ,d ckjxh l sukvksa dks ysdj x<+h dh vksj c<+sA l c dks i rk Fkk fd

bruk cM+k geyk jksd i kuk cgqr eqf'dy gSA bl fy, vUnj ckdh cps fl D[ kksa us xq:nso

ds l Eeq[ k i zkFkZuk dh fd og l kgct knksa l fgr ; q¼ {ks=k l s dgha vksj fudy t k,aA ; g

l qudj xq:nso us fl D[ kksa l s dgk & rqe dkSu l s l kgct knksa (csVksa) dh ckr djrs gks]




185185

rqe l Hkh esjs ghs l kgct kns gks* xq:nso dk ; g mÙkj l qudj l Hkh fl D[ k vk'p; Z esa i M+

x; sA ; g l qudj xq:nso ds cM+s l qi q=k vt hr fl a?k ds Hkqt n.M QM+d mBsA og fi rk t h

ds i kl t kdj vi uh ; q¼dyk ds i zn'kZu dh vuqefr ek¡xus yxsA xq:nso us l g"kZ mUgsa

vk'kh"k nh vkSj vi uk dÙkZO; i w.kZ djus dks i zsfjr fd; kA l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k ds

eu esa dqN dj xqt jus ds t t +cs Fks] ; q¼dyk esa fui q.krk FkhA cl fQj D; k Fkk og

vi us pkj vU; fl D[ kksa dks ysdj x<+h l s ckgj vk, vkSj eqxyksa dh l suk i j ,sl s VwV

i M+s t Sl s ' kknwZy ex&'kkodksa i j VwVrk gSA vt hr fl a?k ft / j cM+ t krs] m/ j l keus i M+us

okys l Sfud fxjrs] dVrs ; k Hkkx t krs FksA i k¡p fl a?kksa ds t RFks us l SadM+ksa eqxyksa dks dky

dk xzkl cuk fn; kA

vt hr fl a?k us vfoLe.kh; ohjrk dk i zn'kZu fd; k] fdUrq ,d ,d us ; fn

i pkl i pkl Hkh ekjs gksa rks l Sfudksa ds l kxj esa l s fpfM+; k dh pksap Hkj uhj ys t kus l s

D; k deh vk l drh FkhA l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k dks NksVs HkkbZ l kgct knk t q>kj fl a?k

us t c 'kghn gksrs ns[ kk rks ml us Hkh xq:nso l s j.k{ks=k esa t kus dh vkKk ekaxhA xq:nso

us ml dh i hB Fki Fki kbZ vkSj vi us fd'kksj i q=k dks j.k{ks=k esa pkj vU; l sodksa ds l kFk

Hkst kA xq:nso t q>kj fl a?k dks j.k{ks=k esa t w>rs gq, ] dks ns[ kdj i zl Uu gksus yxs vkSj

ml ds ;q¼ ds dkS'ky ns[ kdj t ; dkj ds Å¡ps Loj esa ukjs cqyUn djus yxs & t ks

cksys] l ks fugky] l R; Jh vdkyA t q>kj fl a?k ' k=kq l suk ds chp f?kj x; s fdUrq mUgksaus

ohjrk ds t kSgj fn[ kykrs gq, ohjxfr i kbZA bu nksuksa ; ks¼kvksa dh vk; q Øe'k 18 o"kZ

rFkk 14 o"kZ dh FkhA o"kkZ vFkok cknyksa ds dkj.k l ka> gks xbZ] o"kZ dk l cl s NksVk fnu

Fkk] dM+kds dh l nhZ i M+ jgh Fkh] va/ sjk gksrs gh ; q¼ :d x; kA

xq: l kgc us nksuksa l kgct knksa dks ' kghn gksrs ns[ kdj vdky&i q: "k ds l e{k /

U; okn (' kqdjkus) dh i zkFkZuk dh vkSj dgk & rsjk rq> dks l kSai rs] D; k ykxs esjk*A

'k=kq vi us ?kk; y vFkok er l Sfudksa ds ' koksa dks mBkus ds pØO; wg esa Q¡l x; k] pkjksa

vksj va/ sjk Nk x; kA bl l e; xq:nso ds i kl l kr fl D[ k l Sfud cp jgs Fks vkSj og

Lo; ¡ dqy feykdj vkB dh fxurh i wjh gksrh FkhA eqx+y l suk,a i hNs gVdj vkjke

djus yxhA mUgsa vHkh l Unsg cuk gqvk Fkk fd x<+h ds Hkhr j i ; kZIr l a[ ; k esa l Sfud

ekSt wn gSaAPrint to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



186186

jfgjkl ds i kB dk l e; gks x; k Fkk vr% l Hkh fl D[ kksa us xq:nso ds l kFk

feydj i kB fd; k rn~i 'pkr~ xq:nso us fl D[ kksa ds p<+nhdyk esa jgdj t w>rs gq,

' kghn gksus ds fy, i zksRl kfgr fd; kA l Hkh us ' kh'k >qdk dj vkns'k dk i kyu djrs gq,

i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus dh ' ki Fk yh fdUrq mUgksaus xq:nso ds pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk dh fd ; fn

vki l e; dh ut +kDr dks en~nsut +j j[ krs gq, ; g dPph x<+huqek gosyh R; kx dj

vki dgha vkSj pys t k,a rks ge ckt h t hr l drs gSa D; ksafd ge ej x, rks dqN ugha

fcxM+sxk i jUrq vki dh ' kghnh ds ckn i aFk dk D; k gksxk \ bl i zdkj rks Jh xq: ukud

nso t h dk y{; l Ei w.kZ ugha gks i k; sxkA ; fn vki t hfor jgs rks gekjs t Sl s gt +kjksa&yk[ kksa

dh fxurh esa fl D[ k vki dh ' kj.k esa ,d=k gksdj fQj l s vki ds usrÙo esa l a?k"kZ i zkjEHk

dj nsaxsA xq:nso rks nwl jksa dks mi ns'k nsrs Fks & t c vko dh vkm/ funku cuS] vfr

gh j.k esa r t w> ejkSA fQj Hkyk ; q¼ l s og Lo; ¡ dSl s eq¡g eksM+ l drs Fks \ xq:nso us

fl a?kksa dks mÙkj fn; k & esjk t hou esjs I; kjs fl D[ kksa ds t hou l s ewY; oku ugha] ; g dSl s

l EHko gks l drk gS fd eSa rqEgsa j.kHkwfe esa NksM+dj vdsyk fudy t kÅ¡A eSa j.k{ks=k dks

i hB ugha fn[ kk l drk] vc rks og Lo; ¡ fnu p<+rs gh l c l s i gys vi uk t RFkk ysdj

; q¼Hkwfe esa mr jsaxsA xq:nso ds bl fu.kZ; l s fl D[ k cgqr fpfUrr gq,A os pkgrs Fks fd

xq:nso fdl h Hkh fof/ l s ; gk¡ l s cpdj fudy t k,a rkfd yksxksa dks Hkkjh l a[ ; k esa fl a?k

l t k dj i qu% l axfBr gksdj] eqxyksa ds l kFk nks nks gkFk djsaA

fl D[ k Hkh ; g eu cuk, cSBs Fks fd l rxq: t h dks fdl h Hkh n'kk esa ' kghn ugha

gksus nsukA os t kurs Fks fd xq:nso t h }kjk nh xbZ ' kgknr bl l e; i aFk ds fy, cgqr

gkfudkjd fl ¼ gksxhA vr% HkkbZ n;k fl a?k t h us ,d ; qfDr l ksph vkSj vi uk vfUre

gfFk; kj vkt ek; kA mUgksaus bl ; qfDr ds vUrxZr l Hkh fl a?kksa dks fo'okl esa fy; k vkSj

mudks l kFk ysdj i qu% xq:nso ds i kl vk; sA dgus yxs & xksfcUn fl a?k t h] vc xq:

[ kkyl k ( i k¡p I; kjs) i jes'oj : i gksdj] vki dks vkns'k nsrs gSa fd ; g dPph x<+h vki

rqjUr R; kx nsa vkSj dgha l qjf{kr LFkku i j pys t k,a D; ksafd bl h uhfr esa i aFk [ kkyl s

dk Hkyk gSA xq:nso t h us i k¡p I; kjksa dk vkns'k l qurs gh ' kh'k >qdk fn; k vkSj dgk &eSa

vc dksbZ i zfr jks/ ugha dj l drk D; ksafd eq>s vi us xq: dh vkKk dk i kyu djuk gh

gSA




187187

xq:nso us dPph x<+h R; kxus dh ; kst uk cukbZA nks t okuksa dks l kFk pyus dks

dgkA 'ks"k i k¡pksa dks vyx vyx ekspksZ i j fu; qDr dj fn; kA l axr fl a?k ft l dk

Mhy&MkSy (dn&cqr) rFkk : i js[ kk xq:nso ds l kFk feyrh Fkh] ml s vi uk eqdqV

(rkt ) i gukdj vi us LFkku vV~Vkfydk i j cSBk fn; k fd ' k=kq Hkze esa i M+k jgs fd fd

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k Lo; ¡ gosyh esa gSa] fdUrq mUgksaus fu.kZ; fy; k fd ; gk¡ l s i zLFkku djrs

l e; ge ' k=kqvksa dks yydkjs xsa D; ksafd pqi pki ( ' kkUr) fudy t kuk dk; jrk vkSj

det ksjh dk fpUg ekuk t k,xk vkSj mUgksaus ,sl k gh fd; kA

nsj jkr xq:nso vi us nksuksa l kfFk; ksa n; k fl a?k rFkk ekufl a?k l fgr x<+h l s ckgj

fudys] fudyus l s i gys mudks l e>k fn; k fd geus ekyok {ks=k dh vksj t kuk gS vkSj

dqN fo'ks"k rkjksa dh l h/ esa pyuk gSA ft l l s fcNqM+us i j fQj l s fey l dsaA bl l e;

cwankckanh Fke pqdh Fkh vkSj vkdk'k esa dgha dgha ckny Nk; s Fks fdUrq fct yh ckj ckj

ped jgh FkhA dqN nwjh i j vHkh i gq¡ps gh Fks fd fct yh cgqr rst h l s pedhA n; kfl a?k

dh nf"V jkLrs esa fc[ kjs ' koksa i j i M+h rks l kgct knk vt hr fl a?k dk ' ko fn[ kkbZ fn; k]

ml us xq:nso l s vuqjks/ fd; k fd ; fn vki vkKk nsa rks eSa vt hr fl a?k ds i kfFkZo ' kjhj

i j vi uh pknj Mky nwaA ml l e; xq:nso us n; k fl a?k l s i z'u fd; k vki , sl k D; ksa

djuk pkgrs gSaA n; kfl a?k us mÙkj fn; k fd xq:nso] fi rk t h vki ds ykM+ys csVs vt hr

fl a?k dk ; g ' ko gSA xq:nso us fQj i wNk D; k os esjs i q=k ugha ft Ugksaus esjs ,d l adsr i j

vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgwfr nh gS \ n; k fl a?k dks bl dk mÙkj gk¡ esa nsuk i M+kA bl i j

xq:nso us dgk ; fn rqe l Hkh fl a?kksa ds ' koksa i j ,d ,d pknj Mky l drs gks] rks Bhd

gS] bl ds ' ko i j Hkh Mky nksA HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h xq:nso ds R; kx vkSj cfynku dks l e>

x; s vkSj rqjUr vkxs c<+ x; sA ; kst uk vuql kj xq:nso vkSj fl D[ k vyx&vyx fn'kk

esa dqN nwjh i j pys x; s vkSj ogk¡ l s Å¡ps Loj esa vkokt sa yxkbZ xbZ] i hj&,s&fgUn t k

jgk gS fdl h dh fgEer gS rks i dM+ ys vkSj l kFk gh e'kkyfp; ksa dks rhj ekjs ft l l s

mudh e'kkysa uhps dhpM+ esa fxj dj cq> xbZ vkSj va/ sjk ?kuk gks x; kA i qjLdkj dh

ykyp esa ' k=kq l suk vkokt dh l h/ esa Hkkxh vkSj vki l esa fHkM+ xbZA l e; dk ykHk

mBkdj xq:nso vkSj nksuksa fl a?k vi us y{; dh vksj c<+us yxs vkSj ; g uhfr i w.kZr%

l Qy jghA bl i zdkj ' k=kq l suk vki l esa Vdjk&Vdjk dj dV ejhA




188188

vxyh l qcg i zdk'k gksus i j ' k=kq l suk dks Hkkjh fujk' kk gqbZ D; ksafd gt kjksa

(vl a[ ; ) ' koksa esa dsoy i Sarhl ' ko fl D[ kksa ds FksA ml esa Hkh mudks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

dgha fn[ kkbZ ugha fn; sA Øks/ krqj gksdj ' k=kq l suk us x<+h i j i qu% vkØe.k dj fn; kA

vl a[ ; 'k=kq l Sfudksa ds l kFk t w>rs gq, vUnj ds i k¡pksa fl D[ k ohjxfr i k x,A

HkkbZ l axr fl a?k t h Hkh ' kghn gks x; s ft Ugksaus ' k=kq dks >kal k nsus ds fy, xq:nso

dh os'k&Hkw"kk / kj.k dh gqbZ FkhA HkkbZ l axr fl a?k ds ' ko dks ns[ kdj eqx+y l suki fr

cgqr i zl Uu gq, fd vUr esa xq: ekj gh fy; k x; kA i jUrq t Ynh gh mudks ekywe gks

x; k fd ; g ' ko fdl h vU; O; fDr dk gS vkSj xq: rks l qjf{kr fudy x, gSaA eqx+y

l Ùkk/ kfj; ksa dks ; g ,d djkjh pi r Fkh fd d'ehj] ykgkSj] fnYyh vkSj l jfgUn dh

l eLr eqx+y ' kfDr l kr eghus vkuUni qj dk ?ksjk Mkyus ds ckot wn Hkh u rks xq:

xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks i dM+ l dh vkSj u gh fl D[ kksa l s vi uh v/ hurk Lohdkj djok

l dhA l jdkjh [ kt kus ds yk[ kksa : i ; O; ; gks x; sA gt +kjksa dh l a[ ; k esa QkSt h ekjs x,

i j eqx+y vi us y{; esa l Qyrk i zkIr u dj l dsA

ped kSj 7d h j . kHkwfe l s ekNhokM+k {ks=k esa

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h rFkk muds nks vU; l sodksa us ' k=kq l suk dks >kal k nsdj

ekNhokM+k {ks=k dh vksj : [ k fd; kA jkr va/ sjh] yEch rFkk o"kkZ ds dkj.k vfr ' khry

FkhA jkg fn[ kkbZ ugha nsrk FkkA gj fn' kk esa dkaVsnkj >kfM; k¡ FkhA vr% xq:nso dk t wrk

dhpM+ esa dgha [ kks x; kA fdUrq vki fdl h vnE; l kgl ds l kFk vkxs c<+s t k jgs FksA

dHkh dHkh vkdk'k esa fct yh pedus ek=k l s vki dk ekxZn'kZu gks jgk FkkA

mcM+&[ kkcM+ {ks=kksa dks i kj djrs l e; nksuksa l sod Hkh fcNqM+ x; sA fdUrq vki jkrHkj

pyrs gh x; s] t c rd vki dks ekNhokM+k xk¡o fn[ kkbZ u fn; kA vc vki ' k=kq l suk l s

nwj xk¡o ds ckgj ,d cxhps esa FksA ; g ckx xqykcs el an (fe'kujh) dk FkkA bl ckx

esa ,d jgV okyk dqvka Fkk] ft l s ver csyk esa cxhps dk ekyh pyk jgk FkkA vki us

dq,a i j gkFk eq¡g / ks, ] rHkh ml ekyh us vki dks i gpku fy; kA ml ekyh us vki dks

bl dq,a ds fudV cus gq, NIi M+ esa foJke djus dk vkxzg fd; kA vki us jgV dh




189189

i qjkuh fVaM dks vi uk fl jgkuk cuk;k vkSj ml ekyh dh pVkbZ i j ysV x; sA ekyh vi us

Lokeh xqykcs el an dks l wfpr djus pyk x; k fd vki ds cxhps esa xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

i / kjs gSaA brus esa fcNM+s gq, fl a?k vki dh [ kkst djrs gq, ogk¡ i gq¡p x; sA mUgksaus feydj

vfHkuanu djus ds fy, t ; dkj dh & okgs xq: t h dk [ kkyl k] okgs xq: t h dh

QrsgA xq:nso l rdZ gq,A mUgksaus Hkh mÙkj esa t ; dkjk cqyan fd; kA xqykck el an l wpuk

i krs gh vki dh vxqokbZ djus mi fLFkr gqvk og l Hkh dks vi us ?kj ys x; k vkSj xq:nso

dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k fdUrq eqx+y i z'kkl u l s Hk; Hkhr Hkh gks jgk Fkk fd ' k=kqvksa dks

Hkud u fey t k; s fd xq:nso esjs i kl i / kjs gSaA vr% ml us xq:nso rFkk fl D[ kksa dks ?kj

ds rg[ kkus esa fuokl djok; k vkSj J¼k l s l sok esa t qV x; kA

bl xk¡o esa xq:nso ds nks eql yeku l sod xuh[ kku rFkk uch[ kku jgrs FksA ; s

yksx ?kksM+ksa dk O; ki kj djrs FksA mUgksaus xq:nso dks dbZ ckj ?kksM+s csps Fks vkSj i zk; % xq:nso

l s feyrs jgrs Fks bl fy, muds O; fDrÙo l s cgqr i zHkkfor Fks vr% mu i j J¼k HkfDr

j[ kus yxs FksA t c eqx+y l SU; cy us xk¡o xkao dh ryk'kh vfHk; ku pyk; k rks xqykcs

el an dks fpUrk gqbZA xq:nso Hkh ml s fdl h dfBukbZ esa ugha Mkyuk pkgrs Fks] bl fy,

mUgksaus xuh[ kku vkSj uch[ kku dks cqyk Hkst kA bu nksuksa Hkkb; ksa us xq:nso dks l adV dh

?kM+h esa gj i zdkj dh l gk; rk nsus dk vk'okl u fn; k vkSj vi uh l sok,a vfi Zr dhA l Hkh

us feydj ,d ; kst uk cukbZ vkSj ; qfDr l s xq:nso dks fdl h l qjf{kr LFkku i j ys pyus

ds dk; Z esa t qV x; sA

mu fnuksa mPp ds i hj eql yekuksa esa cgqr i zfl f¼ i zkIr FksA ; g eql yeku l wQh

Qdhj yEch nk<+h rFkk ds'k j[ krs Fks i jUrq ds'kksa dk t wM+k ugha djrs Fks vfi rq mUgsa

[ kqyk] t Vk,a : i esa j[ kdj Åi j i xM+h ck¡/ rs Fks vkSj uhys oL=k / kj.k djrs FksA i zk; %

vi us eeqjhnksa l s feyus vFkok yksxksa l s HksaV bR; kfn ysus] xk¡oksa vFkok nsgkrksa esa Hkze.k

ds fy, fudyk djrs FksA bu i hjksa dks J¼ko'k muds J¼kyq i yax i j fcBkdj i yax

Lo; a ,d xk¡o l s nwl js xk¡o esa vU; eqjhnksa (f' k"; ksa) ds i kl i gq¡pk nsrs FksA mPp uke

dk uxj fl U/ i zkUr (i kfdLrku) ft yk cgkoyi qj esa gSA

xq:nso t h dks mPp ds i hj dh r jg os'k&Hkw"kk / kj.k djok nh xbZ vkSj mUgsa




190190

ml h i zdkj i yax i j fcBkdj ekNhokM+s l s nwj fdl h l qjf{kr LFkku ds fy, py i M+sA

xq:nso ds i yax ds vkxs l s xuh[ kku rFkk uch[ kku us mBk; k rFkk i hNs l s HkkbZ n; k

fl a?k rFkk ekufl a?k t h us mBk fy; k vkSj ,d vU; l sod dks gkFk esa eksj i a[ k dk paoj

Fkek fn; k] t ks og xq:nso ds Åi j >wykus yxkA LFkkuh; yksx xuh[ kku] uch[ kku ds

dFku i j i w.kZ Hkjksl k dj jgs Fks D; ksafd os ; gk¡ ds x.kekU; O; fDr FksA vr% yksx

xq:nso dks mPp dk i hj t kudj cgqr vnc l s l t nk djrs FksA

ekNhokM+s l s yxHkx 20 dksl nwj ,d QkSt h pkSdh i j ' kkgh l suk us xq:nso dks

l ansg esa jksd fy; k vkSj xq:nso l s vf/ dkfj; ksa us ckrphr dh ft l dk mÙkj xq:nso us

Qkjl h Hkk"kk esa fn; k fdUrq vf/ dkjh nqfo/ k esa FkkA ,d r jQ mPp dk i hj nwl jh r jQ

xq: t h dk cpdj fudy t kuk] ml dh ukSdjh dks l adV esa Mky l drk FkkA vr% og

vk'oLr gksuk pkgrk FkkA ml us i zLrko j[ kk fd vki gekjs ; gk¡ Hkkst u djsaA mÙkj esa

xq:nso us dgk & eSaus fpYyk fy; k gqvk gS vFkkZr eSaus mi okl / kj.k fd; k gqvk gS

i jUrq esjs eqjhn (f'k"; ) ; s vki ds l kFk Hkkst u djsaxsA ,sl k gh fd; k x; k t c Hkkst u

djus yxs rks HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h us xq: vkKk vuql kj vi uh y?kq di k.k Hkkst u

(i qyko) esa Mkydj xq: eU=k mPpkj.k fd; k] r kSg i zl kfn] Hkze dk uk'k* vkSj l g"kZ

Hkkst u dj fy; kA pyrs l e; Fkkyh esa l s dqN va'k : eky esa ck¡/ fy; kA bl chp

l Sfud vf/ dkjh us fudV ds xk¡o l yksgi qj l s dkt h i hj eqgEen dks xq:nso dh

i gpku djus ds fy, cqyk fy; kA ; g dkt h l kgc] xq:nso dks cpi u l s Qkjl h Hkk"kk

dk vè; ;u djokrs FksA t c dkt h l kgc us xq:nso dks i gpkuk rks ml us nksgjs vFkksZ

okyh Hkk"kk esa dgk & gk¡ eSa bUgsa t kurk gw¡ ; g esjs Hkh i hj gSaA bUgsa t kus nksA

bl i zdkj xq:nso fodV i fjfLFkfr l s l gt gh fudy x; sA i jUrq xuh[ kku

uch[ kku ds eu esa ,d HkzkfUr mRi Uu gqbZ fd pyks ge rks eql yeku gSa fdUrq xq:nso

ds vU; l sod rks eql yeku ugha] mUgksaus Hkh ogh Hkkst u fd; k t ks gesa djok; k x; kA

D; k xq: l eFkZ ugha gSa \ rHkh xq:nso us i yax jksdus ds fy, dgk vkSj HkkbZ n;k fl a?k

dks vkns'k fn; k t ks Hkkst u vki : eky esa ck¡/ dj yk; s gSa] og bu HkkbZ ds l keus

[ kkyksA ,sl k gh fd; k x; k : eky [ kksyrs gh ml esa Hkhuh&Hkhuh gyos dh l qxa/ vkus




191191

yxh vkSj i qyko dk gyok nf"Veku gqvkA xuh[ kku uch[ kku vk'p; Z pfdr gq,A

xq:nso us Li "V djrs gq, dgk & eSa Hkfo"; ds fy, vi us vuq;kb; ksa dks deZ; ksxh

cukus dk [ ksy [ ksy jgk gw¡A ; fn eSa vkfRed ' kfDr vFkok nSoh ' kfDr dk i z; ksx dj

dksbZ dk; Z djrk gw¡ rks og dksbZ egÙo ugha j[ krkA bl l s t ul k/ kj.k dgsaxs fd

xq:nso rks l eFkZ Fks] og l Hkh dqN vkRecy l s dj ysrs Fks fdUrq ge l k/ kj.k euq";

gSaA vr% gekjs cl dk ugha [ kr jksa l s [ ksyukA bl fy, eSa l eFkZ gksrs gq, Hkh ,d l k/ kj.k

euq"; dh r jg og l Hkh dk; Z djrk gw¡ vkSj ml s O; ogkfjd : i nsrk gw¡] ft l l s

t ul k/ kj.k dks i zsj.kk feysA

ekNhokM+s {ks=k l s i yk; u

Jh xksfcUn fl a?k t h mPp ds i hj ds os"k esa ' kkgh l suk dks >kal k nsdj yqf/ ; kuk

ds fudV vkyexhj LFkku i j i gq¡psA vki t h us ;gka l s xuh[ kku vkSj uch[ kku dks

cgqr vknji woZd fonk fd; k vkSj mudks ,d ; knxkjh i =k fy[ k dj fn; k] ft l esa

muds }kjk dh xbZ vewY; l sok dk o.kZu gSA vkyexhj {ks=k esa HkkbZ euh fl a?k t h dk

cM+k HkkbZ uxkfg; ka fl a?k vi us i fjokj l fgr vki dk Lokxr djus vk; k vkSj ml us

vki dh dbZ fnu l sok dhA ; gka i j cgqr l s fl D[ k vki dh l sok esa gkft +j gks x; sA vc

vki ' k=kq l s i zHkkfor {ks=k l s nwj t kuk pkgrs Fks ft l l s i qu% fl D[ kksa dks l axfBr fd; k

t k l dsA bl dk; Z ds fy, HkkbZ uxkfg; ka fl a?k t h us vki dks ,d l qUnj ?kksM+k HksaV fd; kA

?kksM+s i j l okj gksdj vki t h vi us dkfQys l fgr vi us vuq; kbZ;ksa dks feyus ds fy,

dbZ xkao dk Hkze.k djrs gq, jk; dksV i gq¡psA ; gk¡ dk LFkkuh; t kxhjnkj jk; dYyk*

eql yeku gksrs gq, Hkh vki dk J¼kyq vkSj fo'okl i k=k fe=k FkkA vr% xq:nso bl ds

; gka ml ds i zse dks ns[ krs gq, Bgj x; sA vc vki ' k=kq ds i zns'k l s fcYdqy ckgj vk

pqds Fks] bl fy, vki us vkl i kl ds nsgkrksa esa cl us okys fl D[ kksa dks l ans'k Hkst s vkSj

mudks ,d=k gksus dks dgk & xq:nso dk l ans'k feyrs gh fl D[ kksa esa [ kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+

xbZ os yksx xq:nso ds n'kZuksa dks meM+ i M+sA ;gha xq:nso dks l wpuk feyh fd vki dh

ekrk t h rFkk vki ds nksuksa NksVs cPpksa dks l jfgUn ds uokc ot hn[ kku us cUnh cuk




192192

fy; k Fkk fdUrq foLr r t kudkjh dk vHkko FkkA xq:nso us jk; dYyk dks dgk fd

fdl h dq'ky O; fDr dks l jfgUn Hkst ks t ks foLrkji woZd l eLr ?kVukØe ds l R; rF; ksa

l fgr i rk yxk dj t Ynh okfi l vk; sA pkS/ jh jk; dYyk us rqjUr uwjk ekgh uke ds

,d O; fDr dks l jfgUn Hkst kA jk;dksV l s l jfgUn dsoy 15 dksl dh nwjh i j FkkA

vxys fnu l ans'kokgd ekgh NksVs l kgct knksa o ekrk t h dh l Ei w.kZ ' kghnh dh xkFkk

dh t kudkjh ysdj ykSV vk; kA ml us d: .kke; dk.M ds n' ; ksa dk bl i zdkj o.kZu

fd; kA

vYi vk; q d s ' kghn

jkr va/ sjh vkSj l jl k unh dh ck<+ ds dkj.k Jh xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk i fjokj

dkfQys l s fcNqM+ x; kA ekrk xqt jh t h ft uds l kFk muds nks NksVs i ksrs Fks] vi us

jl ksb; s xaxk jke czkã.k ds l kFk vkxs c<+rh gqbZ jkLrk HkVd xbZA mudks x¡xk jke us

l q>ko fn; k fd ; fn vki esjs l kFk esjs xkao l gsM+h pys rks ;g l adV dk l e; l gt gh

O; rhr gks t k,xkA ekrk t h us Lohdfr ns nh vkSj l gsM+h xkao x¡xk jke jl ksb; s ds ?kj

i gq¡p x; sA ekrk xqt jh t h ds i kl ,d FkSyh Fkh] ft l esa dqN Lo.kZ eqnzk,a Fkha t ks xaxk

jke dh nf"V esa i M+ xbZA xaxw dh fu; r [ kjkc gks xbZA ml us jkr esa l ksrs gq, ekrk xqt jh

t h ds r fd; s ds uhps l s Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa dh FkSyh pqi ds l s pqjk yh vkSj Nr i j p<+ dj

pksj pksj dk ' kksj epkus yxkA ekrk t h us ml s ' kkar djkus dk i z; kl fd; k fdUrq xaxw

rks pksj&prqj okyk ukVd dj jgk FkkA bl i j ekrk t h us dgk xaxw FkSyh [ kks xbZ gS

rks dksbZ ckr ugha] cl dsoy rqe ' kkar cus jgksA fdUrq xaxw ds eu esa / S; Z dgka \ mUgha

fnuksa l jfgUn ds uokc ot hn [ k+ku us xk¡o&xk¡o esa fMa<kSjk fi Vok fn; k fd xq:nso o

muds i fjokj dks dksbZ i ukg u nsaA i ukg nsus okyksa dks l [ r l t k nh t k; sxh vkSj

mudks i dM+okus okyks dks buke fn; k t k,xkA

x¡xk jke i gys rks ; g ,yku l qudj Hk;Hkhr gks x; k fd eSa [ kke[ okg eql hcr

esa Q¡l x; k gw¡A fQj ml us l kspk fd ; fn ekrk t h o l kgct +knksa dks i dM+ok nwa rks ,d

rks l jdkj ds dksi l s cp t kÅ¡xk rFkk nwl jk buke Hkh i zkIr gksxkA




193193

xaxw uedgjke fudykA ml us eqfjaMs ds Fkkus esa Fkkusnkj dks l wpuk nsdj buke

i zkfIr dh ykyp esa cPpksa dks i dM+ok fn; kA Fkkusnkj us ekrk t h l s i wNrkN dh] t c

ml s ekywe gqvk xaxw us Lo.kZ eqnzk,a pqjkbZ gSa rks ml us buke nsus ds cnys] xaxw dh [ kwc

ejEer dh vkSj FkSyh cjken dj yhA

Fkkusnkj us ,d cSyxkM+h }kjk ekrk t h rFkk cPpksa dks l jfgUn ds uokc ot +hn

[ k+ku ds i kl dM+s i gjs esa fHkt ok fn; kA ogka mudks l nhZ dh jkr esa B.Ms cqt Z esa cUn

dj fn; k x; k vkSj muds fy, dksbZ Hkkst u O; oLFkk ugha dh xbZA nwl jh l qcg ,d

nks/ h us ekrk t h rFkk cPpksa dks nw/ fi yk; kA

uokc ot +hn[ kku t ks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks t hfor i dM+us ds fy, l kr ekg

rd l suk l fgr vkuUni qj ds vkl i kl HkVdrk jgk Fkk] i jUrq fujk' k gksdj oki l ykSV

vk; k Fkk] ml us t c xq:nso ds ekl we cPpksa rFkk o¼ ekrk dks vi us dSfn; ksa ds : i esa

ns[ kk rks cgqr i zl Uu gqvkA ml us vxyh l qcg cPpksa dks dpgjh esa i s' k djus ds fy,

Qjeku t kjh dj fn; kA

fnl Ecj dh cQZ t Sl h B.Mh jkr dks] B.Ms xqEct ds BaMs Q'kZ i j cSBh ekrk

xqt jh vi us uUgsa uUgsa nks i ksrksa dks ' kjhj ds l kFk yxkdj xekZrh vkSj pwe&pwe dj

l qykus dk i z; Ru djrh jghA

ver osyk esa ekl weksa dks t xk; k rFkk Lusg l s rS; kj fd; kA nknh&i ksrksa dks dgus

yxh i rk gS] rqe ml xksfcUn fl a?k ' ksj* xq: ds cPps gks] ft l us vR; kpkfj; ksa l s dHkh

gkj ugha ekuhA / eZ dh vku rFkk 'kku ds cnys ft l us vi uk l oZ=k nkao i j yxk fn; k

vkSj bl l s i gys vi us fi rk dks Hkh ' kghnh nsus ds fy, i zsfjr fd; k FkkA ns[ kuk dgha

ot +hn [ k+ku }kjk fn; s x; s ykyp vFkok Hk; ds dkj.k / eZ esa det ksjh u fn[ kk nsukA

vi us fi rk dh ' kku dks t ku U; kSNkoj djds Hkh dk; e j[ kukA

nknh] i ksrksa dks ;g l c dqN l e>k gh jgh Fkh fd ot +hn [ k+ku ds fl i kgh nksuksa

l kgct knksa dks dpgjh esa ys t kus ds fy, vk x; sA t krs gq, nknh ek¡ us fQj pwek rFkk

i hB i j gkFk Qsjrs gq, mUgsa fl i kfg; ksa ds l ax Hkst fn; kA




194194

dpgjh dk cM+k njokt k can fd; k gqvk FkkA l kgct +knksa dks f[ kM+dh ds }kjk

vUnj i zos'k djus dks dgk x; kA jkLrs esa mudks ckj ckj dgk x; k Fkk fd dpgjh esa

?kql rs gh uokc ds l e{k ' kh'k >qdkuk gS] t ks fl i kgh l kFk t k jgs FksA os i gys fl j uhpk

djds f[ kM+dh ds }kjk vUnj nkf[ ky gq,A muds i hNs l kgct +kns FksA mUgksaus f[ kM+dh esa

i gys i Sj vkxs fd; s vkSj fQj fl j fudkykA Fkkusnkj us cPpksa dks l e>k; k fd os uokc

ds njckj esa >qdj l yke djsa] fdUrq cPpksa us bl ds foi jhr mÙkj fn; k vkSj dgk &

; g fl j geus vi us fi rk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds gokys fd; k gqvk gS] bl fy, bl dks dgha

vkSj >qdkus dk i z'u gh mRi Uu ugha gksrkA

dpgjh esa uokc ot +hn[ kku ds l kFk vkSj Hkh cM+s cM+s njckjh cSBs gq, FksA njckj

esa i zos'k djrs gh t ksjkoj fl a?k rFkk Qrsg fl a?k nksuksa HkkbZ; ksa us xt Z dj t ; dkjk yxk; k

& okfgxq: t h dk [ kkyl k] okfgxq: t h dh Qrsg*A uokc rFkk njckjh] cPpksa dk

l kgl ns[ kdj vk'p; Z esa i M+ x; sA ,d njckjh l qPpk uan us cPpksa l s dgk & ,s cPpksa

! uokc l kgc dks >qddj l yke djksA l kgct +knksa us mÙkj fn; k] ge xq: rFkk bZ'oj

ds vfr fjDr fdl h dks Hkh ' kh'k ugha >qdkrs] ; gh f' k{kk gesa i zkIr gqbZ gS*A

uokc ot +hn[ kku dgus yxk & vks, rqEgkjk fi rk rFkk rqEgkjs nksuksa cM+s HkkbZ

; q¼ esa ekj fn; s x; s gSaA rqEgkjh rks fdLer vPNh gS t ks esjs njckj esa t hfor i gq¡p x; s

gksA bLyke / eZ dks dcwy dj yks rks rqEgsa jgus dks egy] [ kkus dks Hkkafr Hkkafr ds

i doku rFkk i guus dks js' keh oL=k feysaxsA rqEgkjh l sok esa gj l e; l sod jgsaxsA cM+s gks

t kvksxs rks cM+s&cM+s eql yeku t juSyksa dh l qUnj csfV; ksa l s rqEgkjh ' kknh dj nh t k; sxhA

rqEgsa fl D[ kh l s D; k ysuk gS \ fl D[ k / eZ dks geus t M+s l s m[ kkM+ nsuk gSA ge fl D[ k

uke dh fdl h oLrq dks jgus gh ugha nsaxsA ; fn eql yeku cuuk Lohdkj ugha djksxs rks

d"V ns nsdj ekj fn; s t kvksxs vkSj rqEgkjs ' kjhj ds VqdM+s l M+dksa i j yVdk fn; s t k; axs

rkfd Hkfo"; esa dksbZ fl D[ k cuus dk l kgl uk dj l dsA uokc cksykRkk x; kA i gys rks

cPps ml dh ew[ kZrk i j eqLdqjkrs jgs] fQj uokc }kjk Mjkus i j muds psgjs yky gks x; sA

bl ckj t ksjkoj fl a?k ngkM+ mBk & gekjk fi rk vej gSA ml s ekjus okyk dksbZ

t Uek gh ughaA ml i j vdky i q: "k ( i zHkq) dk gkFk gSA ml ohj ; ks¼k dks ekjuk




195195

vl EHko gSA nwl jh ckr jgh] bLyke dcwy djus dh ] rks gesa fl D[ kh t ku l s vf/ d

I; kjh gSA nqfu; ka dk dksbZ Hkh ykyp o Hk; gesa fl D[ kh l s ugha fxjk l drkA ge fi rk

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds ' ksj cPps gSa rFkk ' ksjksa dh HkkfUr fdl h l s ugha MjrsA ge bLyke

/ eZ dHkh Hkh Lohdkj ugha djsaxsA rqeus t ks djuk gks] dj ysukA gekjs nknk Jh xq: rsx

cgknqj l kgc us ' kghn gksuk rks Lohdkj dj fy; k i jUrq / eZ l s fopfyr ugha gq,A ge

ml h nknk t h ds i ksrs gSa] ge t hrs t h mudh ' kku dks vkap ugha vkus nsaxsA

l kr o"kZ ds t ksjkoj fl a?k rFkk i k¡p o"kZ ds Qrsg fl a?k ds eq¡g l s cgknqjksa okys ; s

' kCn l qudj l kjs njckj esa pqIi h Nk xbZA uokc ot +hn [ k+ku Hkh cPpksa dh cgknqjh l s

i zHkkfor gq, fcuk u jg l dkA i jUrq ml us dkt h dks l kgct +knksa ds ckjs esa Qrok

(l t k) nsus dks dgk & dkt +h us mÙkj fn; k fd cPpksa ds ckjs esa Qrok (n.M) ugha

l quk; k t k l drkA bl i j l qPpkuUn cksyk] & bruh vYi vk; q esa ; s jkt njckj esa

bruh vkx mxy l drs gSa rks cM+s gksdj rks gdwer dks vkx yxk nsaxsA ; s cPps ugha]

l k¡i gSa] fl j l s i Sj rd t +gj l s Hkjs gq,A ,d xq: xksfcUn fl a?k gh cl esa ugha vkrs ; fn

; s cM+s gks x; s rks ml l s Hkh nks dne vkxs c<+ t k; saxsA l k¡i dks i Snk gksrs gh ekj nsuk

pkfg,A ns[ kks] budk gkSl yk ! uokc dh fujknjh djus l s ugha f>>dsA budk rks vHkh

l s dke reke dj nsuk pkfg,A uokc us ckdh njckfj; ksa dh vksj i z'uokpd nf"V l s

ns[ kk fd dksbZ vkSj l qPpkuUn dh ckr dk l eFkZu djrk gS vFkok ugha] i jUrq l Hkh

njckjh ewfÙkZozr [ kM+s jgsA fdl h us Hkh l qPpk uUn dh gk¡ esa gk¡ ugha feykbZA

rc ot +hn [ k+ku us eysj dksVys ds uokc dk l Ecks/ u djds i wNk & vki dk

D; k [ ; ky gS \ vki dk HkkbZ vkSj Hkrht k Hkh rks xq: ds gkFkksa pedkSj esa ekjs x; s gSaA

yks vc ' kqHk vol j vk x; k gS cnyk ysus dk] bu cPpksa dks eSa vki ds gokys djrk

gw¡A bUgsa eR; q n.M nsdj vki vi us HkkbZ&Hkrht s dk cnyk ys l drs gks

eysjdksVys dk uokc i Bku i q=k FkkA ml ' ksj fny i Bku us ekl we cPpksa l s

cnyk ysus l s l kQ bUdkj dj fn; kA ml us dgk & bu cPpksa dk D; k dl wj gS \ ; fn

cnyk ysuk gh gS rks buds cki l s ysuk pkfg,A esjk HkkbZ vkSj Hkrht k xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

ds l kFk ; q¼ djrs gq, j.k{ks=k esa ' kghn gq, gSa] dRy ugha fd; s x; s gSaA bu cPpksa dks




196196

ekjuk eSa cqt fnyh l e>rk gw¡A vr% bu csdl wj cPpksa dks NksM+ nksA eysjdksVys dk uokc

'ksjeqgEen [ k+ku pedkSj ds ; q¼ l s ot +hn [ k+ku ds l kFk gh oki l vk; k Fkk vkSj og

vHkh l jfgUn esa gh FkkA

uokc i j l qPpk uUn }kjk cPpksa ds fy, nh xbZ l ykg dk i zHkko rks i M+k] i j

og cPpksa dks ekjus dh ct k; bLyke esa ' kkfey djus ds gd esa FkkA og pkgrk Fkk

fd bfrgkl ds i Uuksa i j fy[ kk t k; fd xq: xkfcUn fl a?k ds cPpksa us fl [ k / eZ l s

bLyke dks vPNk l e>k rFkk eql yeku cu x, A vi uh bl bPNk dh i wfrZ gsrq ml us

xqLl s i j fu; a=k.k dj fy; k rFkk dgus yxk] ¶cPpksa t kvks] vi uh nknh ds i kl A dy

vkdj esjh ckrksa dk l gh&l gh l kspdj mÙkj nsukA nknh ds l ax Hkh l ykg dj ysukA

gks l drk gSa rqEgsa I; kj djus okyh nknh rqEgkjh t ku dh j{kk fy, rqEgkjk bLyke esa

vkuk dcwy djus dks dgsaA

cPps dqN dguk pkgrs Fks i jUrq ot +hn [ k+ku ' kh?kz gh mBdj ,d r jQ gks x; k

rFkk fl i kgh cPpksa dks nknh eka dh vksj ysdj py fn,A

cPpksa dks i w.kZ fl D[ kh Lo: i esa rFkk psgjksa i j i woZ dh Hkkafr t yky ns[ kdj nknh

us l q[ k dh l kal yhA vdky i qj[ k dk fny l s / U; okn fd; k vksj cPpksa dks dykbZ esa

l esV fy; kA fdruh nsj rd cPps nknh dh dykbZ esa I; kj dk vkuUn ysrs jgsA nknh us

vka[ ksa [ kksyha dykbZ <hyh dh] rc rd fl i kgh t k pqds FksA

vc ekrk xqt jh t h vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk i ksrksa l s dpSgjh esa gq, okrkZyki ds ckjs

esa i wNus yxhA cPpsa Hkh nknh eka dks dpSgjh esa gq, okrkZyki ds ckjs esa crkus yxsA cPps

Hkh nknh eka dks dpSgjh esa gq, okrkZyki dk ,d&,d ' kCn l qukrs jgsA mUgksaus l qPpk

uUn dks vksj l s t yrh i j rsy Mkyus ds ckjs Hkh nknh eka dks crk; kA

nknh eka us dgk] ' kkck'k cPpks! rqeus vi us fi rk rFkk nknk dh ' kku dks dk; e

j[ kk gSA dy fQj rqEgsa dpgjh esa vkSj vf/ d ykyp rFkk Mjkos fn; s t k,axsA ns[ kuk]

vkt dh Hkk¡fr / eZ dks t ku l s Hkh vf/ d I; kjk l e>uk vkSj ,sl s gh nq<+ jgukA vxj

d"V fn, t k, ¡ rks vdky i qj[ k dk è; ku djrs gq, Jh xq: rsx cgknwj l kgc vkSj Jh

xq: vt qZu nso l kgc ds ' kghnh dk.Mksa dks l keus ykus dks i z; kl djukA HkkbZ erhnkl




197197

vkSj HkkbZ n; kyk us Hkh xq: pj.kksa dk è; ku djrs gq, eqLdjkrs&eqLdjkrs ru fpjok

fy; k vkSj i kuh esa mcyok fy; k FkkA rqEgkjs fonk gkus i j eSa Hkh rqEgkjs fl D[ kh&fl nd

dh i fji Drk ds fy, xq: pj.kksa esa vkSj vdky i qj[ k ds l e{k fl eju esa t qM+ dj

vjnkl djrh jgrh gw¡A ; g dgrs&dgrs nknh ek¡ cPpksa dks vi uh vfyaxu (xksn]

cxy) esa ysdj l ksa xbZA

vxys fnu Hkh dpgjh esa i gys t Sl s gh l c dqN gqvk vkSj Hkh T; knk ykyp

fn; s x; s rFkk Mjk; k / edk; k x; kA cPps / eZ l s u MksysA

uokc us ykyp nsdj cPpksa dks / eZ l s Qql ykus dk i z; Ru fd; kA ml us dgk

fd ; fn os bLyke Lohdkj dj ysa rks mUgsa t kxhjsa nh t k,axhA cM+s gksdj ' kkgh [ kkunku

dh ' kgt +kfn; ksa ds l kFk fookg dj fn; k t k,xkA ' kkgh [ kt kus ds eq¡g muds fy, [ kksy

fn, t k,axsA

uokc dk [ ; ky Fkk fd Hkksyh&Hkkyh l wjr okys ; s cPps ykyp esa vk t k,axsA

i j os rks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds cPps Fks] ekewyh bUl ku ds ughaA mUgksaus fdl h ' krZ vFkok

ykyp esa vkdj bLyke Lohdkj djus l s ,dne bUdkj dj fn; kA

vc uokc / efd; ksa i j mr j vk; kA xqLl s l s yky i hyk gksdj dgus yxk &

; fn bLyke dcwy u fd; k rks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn, t kvksxsA Qk¡l h p<+k nw¡xkA ft Unk

nhokj esa fpuok nw¡xkA cksyks] D; k eat wj gS & ekSr ; k bLyke \ &

t +ksjkoj fl a?k us gYdh l h eqLdqjkgV gksBksa i j ykrs gq, vi us HkkbZ l s dgk]

HkkbZ] gekjs ' kghn gksus dk vol j vk x; k gSA Bhd ml h r jg t Sl s gekjs nknk xq:

rsxcgknqj us fnYyh ds pk¡nuh pkSd esa ' kh'k nsdj ' kghnh i kbZ FkhA rqEgkjk D; k [ ; ky

gS \

Qrsg fl a?k us mÙkj fn; k] HkkbZ t h] gekjs nknk t h us 'kh'k fn; k i j / eZ u

NksM+kA mudk mnkgj.k gekjs l keus gSA geus [ kaMs dk ver Ndk gqvk gSA gesa eR; q l s

D; k Hk; \ vr ,o esjk rks fopkj gS fd ge Hkh vi uk ' kh'k / eZ ds fy, nsdj rqjdksa

i j i zHkq ds dgj dh ykur MkysaA




198198

t +ksjkoj fl a?k & ge xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t Sl h egku~ gLrh ds i q=k gSaA gekjk ckckxq: rsxcgknqj t Sl s 'kghn gks pqdk gSA ge vi us [ kkunku ds uke i j cV~Vk ugha yxusnsaxsA gekjs [ kkunku dh jhfr gS] fl j t kos rks t kos] i j fl D[ kh fl nd u t k; sA* ge/ eZ i fjorZu dh ckr Bqdjk dj Qk¡l h ds r [ rs dks pwesaxsA*

t ks'k esa vkdj Qrsg fl a?k us dgk & l qu js l wcsnkj ! ge rsjs nhu dks BqdjkrsgSaA vi uk / eZ ugha NksM+sxsA vjs ew[ kZ] rw gesa nqfu; k dk ykyp D; k nsrk gS \ ge rsjspdes esa vkus okys ughaA gekjs nknk t h dks ekj dj rqjdksa us ,d vfXu i zTofyr djnh gS] ft l esa os Lo; ¡ HkLe gksdj jgsaxsA gekjh eR; q bl vfXu dks gok nsdj nkokfXucuk nsxhA / eZ rks geus D; k NksM+uk gS] bl i zdkj ge rqjdksa dh t M+sa gh m[ kkM+ QSadsxsA

vkt l qPpk uUn us uokc dks i jke'kZ fn; k fd cPpksa dh i jh{kk yh t kuhpkfg,A vr% mudks vusdksa HkkfUr HkkfUr ds f[ kykSus fn; s x; sA cPpksa us mu f[ kykSuksa esal s / uq"k ck.k] ryokj bR; kfn vL=k&'kL=k : i okys f[ kykSus pqu fy,A t c mu l s i wNkx; k fd bl l s vki D;k djsaxs rks mudk mÙkj Fkk ; q¼ vH; kl djsaxsA ; g l qudjot hn [ k+ku p<+nh dyk ds fopkj vkSj dkt h ds eu esa ; g ckr cSB xbZ fd l qPpkuUn Bhd gh dgrk gS fd l k¡i ds cPps l k¡i gh gksrs gSaA ot hn [ k+ku us dkt h ds l axi jke'kZ djus ds i ' pkr~ ml dks nksckjk Qrok nsus dks dgk & bl ckj dkt +h us dgkfd cPps dl wjokj gSa D; ksafd cxkor i j rqys gq, gSaA budks fdys dh nhokjksa esa fpu djdRy dj nsuk pkfg,A

dpfgjh esa cSBs eysj dksVys ds uokc ' ksj eqgEen us dgk] ¶uokc l kgc bucPpksa us dksbZ dl wj ugha fd; k buds fi rk ds dl wj dh l t +k bUgsa ugha feyuh pkfg,AbLyke dh ' kjg vuql kj l t +k ml h dks feyuh pkfg, nwl jksa dks ughaA

dkt +h cksyk] ¶' ksj eqgEen! bLykeh ' kjg dks eSa rsjs l s vf/ d t kurk gw¡A eSaus'kjg ds vuql kj gh l t k l quk nh gSA

rhl js fnu cPpksa dks dpgjh Hkst rs l e; nknh ek¡ dh vk¡[ kksa ds l keus gksus okysdk.M dh rLohj curh t k jgh FkhA nknh ek¡ dks fu'p; Fkk fd vkt dk fcNksM+k cPpksa

l s l nk ds fy, fcNksM+k cu t k,xkA i jUrq ; dhu Fkk ekrk xqt jh dks fd esjs ekl we i ksrs

vkt t hou dqckZu djds Hkh / eZ dh j{kk djsaxsA




199199

ekl we i krksa dks t h Hkj dj I; kj fd; k] ekFks pwes] i hB Fki Fki kbZ vkSj fonk

fd; k ckonhZ fl i kfg; ksa ds l kFk] gksuh l s fui Vus ds fy; sA nknh ek¡ fVdfVdh yxk dj

rc rd l qUnj cPpksa dh vksj ns[ krh jgh t c rd cPps vk¡[ kksa l s vks>y u gks x; sA

ekrk xqt jh i ksrksa dks fl i kfg; ksa ds l kFk Hkst dj okfi l BaMs cqjt esa xq: pj.ksa

esa è; ku yxk dj okfgxq: ds nj i j i zkFkZuk djus yxh] ¶gs vdky i qj[ k! cPpksa ds

fl D[ kh&fl nd dks dk;e j[ kus esa l gkbZ gksukA nkrk! / hjt vkSj cy nsuk bu ekl we

xq: i q=kksa dks rkfd cPps d"Vksa dk l keuk cgknwjh l s dj l dsaA

rhl js fnu l kgct +knksa dks dpSgjh esa ykdj Mjk; k / edk; k x; k mudks dgk

x; k fd ; fn os bLyke vi uk ys rks mudk dl wj ekQ fd; k t k l drk gS vkSj mudks

'kkgt knksa t Sl s l q[ k&l qfo/ k,a i zkIr gks l drh gSaA fdUrq l gkct +kns vi us fu'p; i j

vVy jgsA mu dh n<+rk Fkh fd fl D[ kh ' kku ds'kksa 'okl ksa ds l ax fuHkkuh gSaA mudh

n<+rk dks ns[ k dj fdys dh nhokj dh uhao esa fpuckus dh rS;kjh vkjEHk dj nh xbZ

fdUrq cPpksa dks ' kghn djus ds fy, dksbZ t Yykn rS; kj u gqvkA vdLekr~ fnYyh ds

'kkgh t Yykn l k' ky csx o ck'ky csx vi us ,d eqdíesa ds l EcU/ esa l jfgUn vk; saA

mUgksaus vi us eqdíesa esa ekQh dk ok; nk ysdj ' kkgt +knksa dks ' kghn djuk eku fy; kA

cPpksa dks muds gokys dj fn; k x; kA bUgksaus t ksjkoj fl a?k o Qrsg fl a?k dks fdys dh

uhao esa [ kM+k djds muds vkl i kl nhokj fpukbZ i zkjEHk dj nhA

curs&curs nhokj t c Qrsg fl a?k ds fl j ds fudV vk xbZ rks t ksjkoj fl a?k

nq%[ kh nh[ kus yxsaA dkft +; ksa us l kspk ' kk; n os ?kcjk x, gSaA vkSj vc / eZ i fjorZu ds

fy, rS;kj gks t k; saxsA mul s n%[ kh gksus dk dkj.k i wNk x; k rks t ksjkoj cksys ¶eR; q Hk;

rks eq>s fcYdqy ughaA eSa rks l kspdj mnkl gwa fd eSa cM+k gwa] Qrsg NksVk gSaA nqfu; k esa

eSa i gys vk; k FkkA bl fy, ; gka l s t kus dk Hkh i gyk vf/ dkj esjk gSA Qrsg dks / eZ

i j cfynku gks t kus dk l qvol j eq> l s i gys fey jgk gSA ; g esjk gd gksuk pkfg,

FkkA

NksVs HkkbZ Qrsg fl a?k us xq:ok.kh dh i afDr dgdj nks o"kZ cM+s HkkbZ dks l kaRouk

nhA




200200

fpar k r kfd d hft , ] t ks vugksuh gksbA

bg ekj fx l ¡l kj esa] ukud fFkj ufga d ksbA

vkSj / eZ i j n<+ cus jgus dk l adYi nksgjk; k &

cPpksa us vi uk è; ku xq: pj.kksa l s t ksM+k vkSj ck.kh dk i kB djus yxsA i kl esa[ kM+s dkt +h us dgk&¶vHkh Hkh eql yeku cu t kvks] NksM+ fn; s t kvksxsA cPpksa us dkt +hdh ckr dh vkSj dksbZ è; ku ugha fn; k vfi rq mUgksaus vi uk eu i zHkq l s t ksM+s j[ kkA nhokjQrsg fl a?k t h ds xys rd i gqap xbZ dkt +h ds l adsr l s ,d t Yykn us Qrsg fl a?k t hrFkk ml ds cM+s HkkbZ t ksjkoj fl a?k t h dk ' kh'k ryokj ds ,d okj l s dye dj fn; kAbl i zdkj Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds l i q=kksa us vYi vk; q es ' kgknr i zkIr dhA

ekrk xqt jh t h cPps ds ykSVus dh i zrh{kk esa xqEcn dh ehukj i j [ kM+h gksdjjkg fugkj jgh Fkh fd mu dks i hNs l s fdl h nq"V us / Ddk ns fn; k ft l l s og yM+[ kM+kdj uhps fxj i M+h vkSj mu dk fu/ u gks x; kA

LFkkuh; fuokl h t kSgjh VksMjey dks t c xq:nso ds cPpksa dks ; kruk, ¡ nsdjdRy djus ds gqDe ds fo"k; esa Kkr gqvk rks og vi uk l eLr / u ysdj cPpksa dksNqM+okus ds fopkj l s dpgjh i gq¡pk fdUrq ml l e; cPpksa dks ' kghn fd; k t k pqdkFkkA ml us uokc l s vaR; sf"V fØ; k ds fy, cPpksa ds ' ko ek¡xsA ot +hn [ k+ku us dgk &; fn rqe bl dk; Z ds fy, Hkwfe] Lo.kZ eqnzk,a fcNk dj [ kjhn l drs gks rks rqEgsa 'ko fn; st k l drs gSaA VksMjey us vi uk l eLr / u Hkwfe i j fcNkdj ,d pkji kbZ ft ruh Hkwfe[ kjhn yh vkSj rhuksa ' koksa dh ,d l kFk vaR; sf"V dj nhA

; g l kjk fdLl k xq: ds fl D[ kksa us xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dks uwjh ekgh }kjk l quk; kx; k rks ml l e; vi us gkFk esa i dM+s gq, rhj dh uksad ds l kFk ,d NksVs l s i kS/ s dkst M+ l s m[ kkM+rs gq, mUgksaus dgk & t Sl s eSaus ; g i kS/ k t M+ l s m[ kkM+k gS] ,sl s gh rqjdksadh t M+sa Hkh m[ kkM+h t k,axhA

fQj xq: l kfgc us fl D[ kksa l s i wNk & eysj&dksVys ds uokc ds vfr fjDr

fdl h vkSj us esjs cPpksa ds i {k esa vkokt + mBkbZ Fkh \ fl D[ kksa us fl j fgykdj

udkjkRed mÙkj fn; kA




201201

bl i j xq: l kfgc us fQj dgk & rqjdksa dh t M+sa m[ kM+us ds ckn Hkh

eysj&dksVys ds uokc dh t M+sa dk;e jgsaxh] i j esjs fl D[ k ,d fnu l jfgUn dh bZaV

l s bZaV ct k nsaxs*A ;g ?kVuk 13 i kS"k rnkuql kj 27 fnl Ecj 1704 bZLoh esa ?kfVr gqbZA

uksV%&eysjdksVys dh t M+sa vkt rd dk;e gSaA cUnk cgknqj us 1714 esa

l peqp l jfgUn ' kgj dh bZaV l s bZaV ct k nh FkhA

eqxyksa l s vfUr e ; q¼ d s fy, mfpr {ks=k d h [ kkst

bl vof/ esa t gk¡ xq:nso ds i kl dkQh l Sfud bDV~Bs gks x; s Fks ogha l jfgUn

ds uokc ot +hn[ kku dks xq:nso ds fo"k; esa i wjh t kudkjh i zkIr gks xbZ Fkh fd og

jk; dksV ds pkS/ jh jk; dYyk ds i kl l Eekui woZd Bgjs gq, gSaA ot +hn [ k+ku vi us fd; s

gq, i ki ksa ds dkj.k Lo; ¡ gh Hk;Hkhr jgus yxk Fkk] ml dks l ansg Fkk fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k

i qu% 'kfDr i zkIr djds eq> l s vi us cPpksa dh gR;k dk i zfr ' kks/ vo' ; gh ysaxsA vr%

og fpfUrr jgus yxk vkSj xq:nso dks l ekIr djus dh ; kst uk cukus yxkA t c xq:nso

dks ot +hn [ k+ku dh uhfr ; ksa dk Kku gqvk rks mUgksaus ; q¼ dh l EHkkouk i j fopkj fd; k

vkSj l kefjd nf"V l s fdl h mfpr LFkku dh [ kkst ds fy, jk; dksV l s i zLFkku dj x; sA

vkxs l eLr {ks=k xq:nso ds J¼kyq fl D[ kksa dk FkkA vr% vki i zpkj nkSjs i j fudy i M+sA

jk; dksV l s yEek t Vi qjk i gq¡ps vkSj dqN fnu ogha xq:efr i zpkj i zl kj djrs jgsA l axr

xq:nso ds i zopuksa l s cgqr i zHkkfor gksrh D; ksafd vki t h t ks dgrs Fks] ogh vi us

t hou esa djds fn[ kkrs FksA i zR; {k ds fy, i zek.k dh rks vko' ; drk Fkh gh ugha] Li "V

FkkA xq:nso us vi uk l oZ=k U; kSNkoj dj fn; k FkkA vc mu ds i kl u fdys Fks u l suk

Fkh] u gh muds l qdqekj l i q=k l c ekuo dY; k.k ds fy, ' kghn gks pqds FksA l eLr

l axr xq:nso dk R; kx vkSj cfynku dk vuqHko dj jgh FkhA bl fy, vf/ dka'k ; qok

oxZ xq:nso dks vi uh l sok; sa l efi Zr djus ds fy, muds l kFk gks x; sA xq:nso xk¡o xk¡o

vi us l sodksa ds l kFk i zpkj vfHk; ku esa fopjus yxsA vki ek.kw ds egkfnvk.kk] pdj]

r [ rwi qjk vkSj e/ s; gksrs gq, nhukdkaxM+ i gq¡psA bl {ks=k esa NBs xq: gfjxksfcUn l kgc ds

l e; l s fl D[ kh dk cgqr i zl kj gks j[ kk Fkk] vr% ogha dh l axr us vki dk HkO; Lokxr




202202

fd; kA ;gk¡ ds pkS/ jh y[ kehj vkSj ' kehj l wpuk feyus i j n' kZuksa ds fy, vk, vkSj

xq:nso dks ru eu l s l g; ksx nsus dk opu fn; kA vkl i kl ds {ks=kksa l s yksx chgM+ksa dks

i kj djrs gq, n'kZuksa ds fy, vkus yxsA xq:nso Lo; ¡ Hkh LFkkuh; l axr ds vuqjks/ i j

muds bykdksa esa i zpkj ds fy, t kus yxsA bl Hkze.k l s vki dk l SU; cy i gys dh

HkkfUr LFkkfi r gks x; kA xk¡o] HknkSM+] cqjt ekuka n; kyi qj vkSj i rksa ghjk fl a?k ds fuokl h

rks xq:nso i j l oZ=k U; kSNkoj djus ds fy, rRi j jgus yxsA ot +hn[ kku us xq:nso i j

vkØe.k djus l s i gys pkS/ jh y[ kehj vkSj ' kehj ds uke rqjUr vkns'k Hkst k fd og

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dks fxjÝrkj djds l jfgUn esa gkft +j djsA y[ kehj vkSj ' kehj nksuksa

HkkbZ eqfLye gksrs gq, Hkh xq:nso ds J¼koku f' k"; FksA mUgksaus ml i =k dk mÙkj cgqr

dM+s ' kCnksa esa fn; kA mUgksaus fy[ kk fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k gekjs i hj&i SxEcj gSa] ge vi us

xq: dh l sok djrs gSa rks D; k ; g i ki gS \ mUgksaus Hkh dksbZ t qeZ ugha fd; kA t qeZ fd; k

gS rks rqeus t ks funksZ"k cPpksa dh gR; k dh gS vkSj dqjku dh >wBh dl esa [ kkdj / ks[ kk

fd; k gSA ; fn rqe esa cy gS rks Lo; ¡ fQj l s nks & nks gkFk djds ns[ k yksA ge vi uh

t kusa muds fy, dqckZu djus ds fy, rS; kj gSaA bl vk'k; dk i =k nsdj mUgksaus uokc

ds nwr dks okfi l Hkst fn; kA bl chp xqIrpj us l wpuk nh fd uokc ot +hn [ k+ku t Ynh

gh vkØe.k djus okyk gSA xq:nso dk è; ku vc fQj l s ; q¼ dh rS; kjh vkSj ; q¼ ds

fy, mfpr LFkku dh vksj pyk x; kA HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h us xq:nso l s i zkFkZuk dh fd gs

xq:nso! ; gh mfpr l e; gSA vkSjaxt sc dks QVdkj yxkus dk D; ksafd ml ds i =k ds

feyus i j vi us vkuUni qj dk fdyk R; kxk Fkk] ft l esa ml us dqjku dh dl e [ kkbZ Fkh

fd gekjh l suk,a vki dks fQj dHkh i js' kku ugha djsaxh] vki pkgs t gk¡ jgsaA HkkbZ n; k

fl a?k t h dh Hkkoukvksa dks è; ku esa j[ kdj xq:nso us vkSjaxt sc dks ,d i =k Qkjl h Hkk"kk

ds ' ks; jksa ( i nksa) esa fy[ kk ft l esa mUgksaus ml s csbZekuh djus i j QVdkj yxkbZ vkSj

ykurs Hkst h fdUrq ; qfDr rFkk rdZ ds ekè; e l s vkSj Hkk"kk 'kSyh dk i z; ksx fd; kA

xq:nso us bl i =k dk uke t Q+jukek j[ kk vFkkZr fot ; i =k*A bl foLr r i =k dks

fo"k; oLrq dh nf"V l s dbZ Hkkxksa esa ck¡V l drs gSaA bu ,d l kS ckjg ' ks; jksa esa] 12 ' ks; j

eaxykpj.k ds : i esa vdkyi q: "k ( i zHkq) dh Lrqfr ds gSaA bl ds mi jkUr vkSjaxt sc dh

dLesa o muds eqdjus dk o.kZu gSA bl ds l kFk gh ml ds vR;kpkjh t hou dk l adsr




203203

gSA ckn'kkgksa ds dÙkZO; ] jkt uhfr o mPp ekuoh; ewY; ksa vFkok vkn'kZ vkpkj l afgrk

l EcfU/ i Fk i zn'kZu Hkh fd; k x; k gSA l Ppk / kfeZd t hou vkSj vdkyi q: "k ( i zHkq) esa

vVy fo'okl n<+ djok; k gSA pedkSj ds ; q¼ dk l af{kIr n' ; i zLrqr djds fl D[ kksa

ds ' kkS; Z dks n"Veku fd; k gSA vUr esa ckn'kkg dks l Pps dk; Z i j pyus dh i zsj.kk nh

gSA

eq[ ; l ans'k esa xq:nso us vkSjaxt +sc ds dqdR; ksa] ' ki Fk&Hkax] vR; kpkjksa] feF; k

O; ogkjksa vkSj yweM+&pkyksa dh dM+h vkykspuk bl i =k esa dh gSA mUgksaus Li "V dgk fd

rqeus (vkSjaxt s+c us) dqjku dh >wBh dl e [ kkbZ] [ kqnk vkSj bZeku dks chp esa Mkyk rFkk

fQj vdLekr~ eqdj x; sA [ kqnk ds uke i j ckr dgdj eqdjus l s vf/ d Hkz"V dk; Z

D; k gks l drk gS \ rqEgkjh l suk] l suki fr vkSj vU; vf/ dkjh] l c csbZeku gSaA rqeus

eq>s gfFk; kj mBkus dks et +cwj fd; kA ; g rks rqe Hkh ekuksxs fd t c vU; l c mi k;

O; FkZ gks t k; sa rks gfFk; kj mBkuk mfpr gh gksrk gSA oSl s eq>s Kkr Fkk fd rqe brus

pkyckt vkSj feF; kpkjh gks] rqEgkjh jkt uhfrd dl esa l Hkh >wBh gSaA ; g eq>s i w.kZ

fo'okl Fkk] fdUrq l e; vkSj foo'krk ds dkj.k vFkok vi us fl D[ kksa dk vkxkeh l e;

esa i Fk&i zn'kZu ds dkj.k eq>s rqEgkjh dl eksa dh i jh{kk ysus ds fy, vi us vki dks nkao

i j yxkuk i M+kA eq>s rks ,dek=k vYykg (vdkyi q: "k) dk l gkjk gS] bl fy, fl agksa ds

fe=k exksa vkSj xhnM+ksa l s ugha Mjk djrsA rqe vi uh djrwrksa dk D;k t okc nksxs \ i zy;

ds fnu [ kqnk ds l keus rqEgkjk fl j uhpk gksxk vkSj rqe i NrkvksxsA

eqx+y l kezkT; esa l ezkV dks ,sl h MkaV l s Hkjk i =k dksbZ xksfcUn fl a?k t Sl k fnysj

O; fDr gh fy[ k l drk Fkk & t y esa jgdj exj l s cSj ogh eksy ys l drk gS] ft l ds

i kl ' kfDr gks vkSj ft l dk okfgxq: esa vfMx fo'okl gksA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k ds i kl ; s

nksuksa rkdrsa ekSt wn FkhaA xq:nso us vkSjaxt s+c dks vi uh ' kkjhfjd ,o¡ vkfRed ' kfDr ; ksa

dk i fjp; i =k esa djok fn; k vkSj l kFk gh psrkouh nh fd xq: ds fl a?k ml ds vU; k;

vkSj vR; kpkj l gu ugha djsaxsA ml dh rkdrksa dks xq:nso us yydkjk vkSj l ezkV ds

eu esa ,d vkrad i Snk dj fn; kA

bl i =k esa xq:nso us vusd dFkk&i zl axksa ds ekè; e l s vkSjaxt s+c dks fn'kk nhA




204204

i =k rS;kj djus ds ckn xq:nso ds l Eeq[ k {kf.kd l eL; k mHkjh] bl s l ezkV rd i gq¡pkus

dhA os t kurs Fks fd ,sl k i =k ys t kus okyk vkSjaxt s+c ds gkFkksa ekjk rks t k; sxk gh]

bl fy, fcYyh ds xys esa ?kaVh cka/ us ds fy, l g"kZ dkSu rS; kj gks l drk gS] ; g pquko

vfuok; Z FkkA xq:nso ds vkg~oku i j HkkbZ n; k fl a?k vi us i zk.kksa dks gFksyh i j j[ kdj

i =k ys t kus dks rRi j gqvkA mUgsa i =k dsoy vkSjaxt s+c ds gkFkksa l kSai us dk vkns'k nsdj

xq:nso us fonk fd; kA

t Qjukek* dks i <+dj l ezkV vkSjaxt s+c dk¡i x; kA og ekufl d : i l s bruk

ruko esa vk x; k fd og chekj cM+ x; kA ; gh chekjh vkSjaxt s+c dk dky cuh vkSj og

l nk ds fy, vi us >wB ds l kFk gh nQ+u gks x; kA

eqxyksa l s vfUr e ; q¼

pkS/ jh ' kehj vkSj y[ kehj dk dksjk t okc t c uokc ot +hn [ k+ku dks feyk rks

ml us cxkor dks dqpy nsus dh Bku yhA xq:nso us i qu% rS; kfj; k¡ vkjEHk dj nh]

ft l l s ; q¼ dh gkyr esa bZaV dk t okc i RFkj l s fn; k t k l dsA nhuk xk¡o ; q¼ dh nf"V

l s mÙke ugha Fkk bl ds vfr fjDr xq:nso bl xk¡o dks ; q¼ dh foHkhf"kdk l s {kfr

i gq¡pkuk ugha pkgrs FksA vr% mUgksaus l kefjd nf"V l s fdl h Js"B LFkku dh ryk'k

i zkjEHk dj nh vkSj nhuk xk¡o l s i zLFkku dj x; sA bl l e; vki ds i kl cgqr cM+h l a[ ; k

esa J¼kyq fl D[ k l Sfud bDV~Bs gks pqds FksA ;q¼ dks eísut j j[ krs gq, cgqr l s

osruHkksxh l suk Hkh Hkjrh dj yh Fkh vkSj cgqr cM+k Hk.Mkj vL=k&'kL=k rS; kj gks x; k

FkkA vki t h ekyok {ks=k ds vusdksa xk¡o esa Hkze.k djrs gq, vkxs c<+us yxsA bu xk¡ok

esa vki ds Lekjd gS] og bl i zdkj gSa t yky] Hkxrk] i oks] yEHkkokyh] eywds dk dksV

rn~i 'pkr vki dksVdi wjs i gq¡psA ; gk¡ ds pkS/ jh us vki dk gkfnZd Lokxr fd; kA

xq:nso dks ; g LFkku ; q¼uhfr ds vUrxZr mfpr yxkA vr% vki us pkS/ jh di wjs dks

dgk fd og vi uk fdyk gesa ekspsZ yxkus ds fy, ns nsa rkfd eqxyksa ds l kFk nks&nks

gkFk fQj l s gks t k; sA pkS/ jh di wjk eqx+yksa l s Hk; j[ krk FkkA ml us xq:nso dks Vkyuk ' kq:




205205

dj fn; k vkSj dgk ; fn vki pkgs rks eSa vki dh eqxyksa ds l kFk l af/ djokus esa

eè; LFkrk dh Hkwfedk fuHkk l drk gw¡A ; g i zLrko l qudj xq:nso us cgqr jks"k i zdV

fd; k vkSj dgk & eSaus rks i aFk ds fy, l oZ=k U; kSNkoj dj fn; k gS] vc l af/ fdl ckr

dh djuh gSA bl i j pkS/ jh di wjs us xq:nso dks l kefjd nf"V l s ,d l oksZÙke LFky dk

i rk crk; k t gk¡ ; q¼ esa fot ; fuf'pr FkhA ; g LFky Fkk f[ knjk.ks dh <kc*A ; gk¡ i kuh

mi yC/ Fkk vkSj bl l eLr {ks=k esa bl ds vfr fjDr dgha i kuh ugha FkkA xq:nso dks ; g

l q>ko cgqr vPNk yxk D; ksafd e:LFky esa t hou ds fy, i kuh vueksy oLrq gksrh gS

vkSj yEcs ; q¼ ds l e; rks ' k=kq i {k dh fcuk i kuh i jkt ; l gt esa gks l drh FkhA

xq:nso vi us l SU; cy ds l kFk fuf'pr y{; dh vksj vkxs c<+us yxsA jkLrs esa i k¡pos

xq: Jh xq: vt qZu nso t h ds HkkbZ i FohpUn dh l arkuksa esa l s l ks<+h oa'k ds yksx jgrs

FksA bl f<yoka uked xk¡o ds yksxksa us vki dk HkO; Lokxr fd; kA xq:so muds i zse ds

dkj.k :d x; sA t c l ks<+h oa'k ds yksxksa us vki dks uhys oL=kksa esa ns[ kk rks ml dk dkj.k

i wNk vkSj fuosnu fd; k fd vki i qu% l Qsn oL=k xq: e; kZnk vuql kj / kj.k djsaA xq:nso

us mudk vuqjks/ Lohdkj djrs gq, uhys oL=k mrkj fn; s vkSj mudks phFkM+s&phFkM+s

dj vfXu dh HksaV djrs x; sA ml esa l s ,d yhj i kl [ kM+s HkkbZ ekufl ag us ekax yh t ks

xq:nso us ml s i zl kfn : i esa mi gkj Lo: i ns nhA HkkbZ ekufl ag t h us ml uhyh yhj dks

vi us fl j i j ck¡/ h i xM+h esa l t k fy; kA ml fnu l s fugax l Ei znk; ds yksx vi uh

nLrkj uhys jax dh / kj.k djrs gSaA t c xq:nso vi uk uhyk ck.kk ( i ks'kkd) t yk jgs

Fks rks mUgksaus ,d i afDr mPpkj.k dh &

uhy oL=k ys d i M+s QkM+s] r qjd i Bk. kh vey xbvkA

; g i afDr l qudj l ks<+h oa'k ds l nL; dgus yxs xq:nso t h vl yh i n rks dqN

vkSj gS \ bl i j xq:nso us mÙkj fn; k &

xq: d g; ks ge l j cal xkjA

r qd i yVkbZ fgr mi d kjA

f<yoka xkao l s xq:nso t Srks dLcs esa i gq¡psA ;gk¡ vki dks xqIrpj usa l wpuk nh fd

l jfgUn dk uokc yxHkx vkB l s nl gt kj l suk ysdj vk jgk gS] bl fy, xq:nso us




206206

vxyk i M+ko l qfu; kj xk¡o ds [ ksrksa esa fd; kA xk¡o okyksa us vki dks i zR; sd i zdkj dh

l gk; rk dk vk'okl u fn; kA fdUrq xq:nso vxyh Hkksj l h/ s f[ knjk.ks dh <ky (Vsdjh)

dh vksj i zLFkku dj x; sA

eqDr l j d k ; q¼

vkuUni qj ds fdys esa eqx+y l suk }kjk yEch ?ksjkcUnh ds dkj.k t ks fl D[ k

[ kk| ku ds vHkko esa i jkLr gks jgs Fks] os xq:nso dks ckè; dj jgs Fks fd og eqx+yksa dh

dl eksa i j fo'okl djrs gq, muds l kFk l af/ djds fdyk R; kx nsa ft l l s dfBukbZ; ksa

l s jkgr feysA i jUrq xq:nso nwjnf"V ds Lokeh FksA mUgksaus dgk fd og l Hkh dl esa >wBh

gSa dHkh Hkh ' k=kq i j ml dh jkt uhfrd pkyksa dks eísut j j[ kdj Hkjksl k ugha djuk

pkfg,A fdUrq dbZ fnuksa ds Hkw[ ks&I; kl s fl a?k vUr esa rax vkdj vi us ?kj okfi l t kus

dh ft n djus yxsA bl i j xq:nso us mUgsa dg fn; k fd t ks O; fDr fdyk R; kx dj

?kj t kuk pkgrk gS] os ,d dkxt i j fy[ ks fd ge vki ds fl D[ k (f' k"; ) ugha vkSj

vki gekjs xq: ugha*A ml i j vi us gLrk{kj dj nsa vkSj vi us ?kjksa dks pys t k,aA

eka>k {ks=k ds >cy uxj ds egk fl a?k ds usrÙo esa yxHkx 40 t okuksa us ; g

nqLl kgl fd; k vkSj xq:nso dks csnkok (R; kxi =k) fy[ k fn; kA xq:nso us og i f=kdk

cgqr l gt rk l s vi uh i ks'kkd dh t sc esa Mky yh vkSj mudks vkKk ns nh fd os vc

t k l drs gSaA ; s l c t oku jkr ds va/ dkj esa / hjs / hjs ,d ,d djds ' k=kq f' kojksa dks

yka?k x; sA

t c ; s t oku >cy uxj i gq¡ps rks ogka dh l axr us mudks vkuUni qj ds ; q¼

ds fo"k; esa i wNk vkSj t c mUgsa ekywe gqvk fd ; g dsoy ' kjhjh d"Vksa dks u l gu

djrs gq, xq: l s cseq[ k gksdj ?kj Hkkx vk; s gSa rks l Hkh cM+s cw<+ksa l s mudks QVdkj feyus

yxh fd rqeus ; g vPNk ugha fd; kA ; q¼ ds eè; esa rqEgkjk ?kj vkuk ; g xq:nso ds

l kFk / ks[ kk vFkok xíkjh gSA uxj dh efgykvksa us ,d l Hkk cqykbZA ml esa ,d ojkaxuk

us Hkk"k.k fn; k fd bu i q: "kksa dks ?kj esa fL=k; ksa ds oL=k vFkok xgus / kj.k djds ?kjsyw




207207

dk; Z djus pkfg,A budks gesa ' kL=k ns nsus pkfg,A ge l Hkh efgyk,a ' kL=k / kj.k djds

xq:nso dh l gk; rk ds fy, ; q¼ {ks=k esa t kus dks rS; kj gSaA t c bu t okuksa dk l ekt

esa fr jLdkj gksus yxk rks mudks ml l e; vi us i j cgqr Xykfu gqbZ vkSj mudk

LokfHkeku t kxr gks mBkA os l Hkh xq:nso l s {kek ; kpuk dh ; kst uk cukus yxs i jUrq

mudks vc fdl h i jksi dkjh eè; LFk dh vko' ; drk FkhA vr% mUgksaus l oZl Eefr l s

ml h ohjkaxuk ekbZ Hkkx dkSj dks mudk usrÙo djus dk vkxzg fd; kA t ks fd ekrk us

l g"kZ Lohdkj dj fy; k vkSj os l Hkh xq:nso dh [ kkst esa ?kj l s py i M+sA jkLrs esa mudks

Kkr gqvk fd xq:nso t h bu fnuksa nhukdkaxM+ uxj esa gSaA os l Hkh nhuk dkaxM+ i gq¡ps

fdUrq xq:nso ; q¼ dh rS; kjh esa fdl h mfpr LFkku dh [ kkst esa] pkS/ jh di wjs ds l q>ko

vuql kj ft yk fQjksi qj ds xk¡o f[ knjkuk i gq¡p pqds FksA ; g dkfQyk Hkh xq:nso l s {kek

; kpuk ek¡xus ds fy, mudh [ kkst esa vkxs c<+rk gh x; kA t Ynh gh bl dkfQys ds

; ks¼kvksa dks l wpuk fey xbZ fd l jfgUn dk uokc ot +hn [ k+ku cgqr cM+h l suk ysdj

xq:nso dk i hNk dj jgk gSA vr% mUgksaus fopkj fd; k fd vc xq:nso l s gekjk feyu

vl EHko gS D; ksafd ' k=kq l suk gekjs cgqr fudV i gq¡p xbZ gSA ekrk Hkkx dkSj us i jke'kZ

fn; k fd D; ksa u ge ; gha ' k=kq l s nks&nks gkFk dj ysaA ' k=kq dks xq:nso rd i gq¡pus gh

u nsaA egk fl a?k rFkk vU; t okuksa dks ; g l q>ko cgqr Hkk; kA mUgksaus ' k=kqvksa dks vi uh

vksj vkdf"kZd djus ds fy, vi us >ksyksa esa l s pknjsa fudky dj jsr ds eSnku esa mxh

>kfM+; ksa i j bl i zdkj fcNk fn; k fd nwj l s nf"V HkzkfUr gksdj og dksbZ cM+h l suk dk

f' kfoj ekywe gksA t Sl s gh ot +hn [ k+ku l suk ysdj bl {ks=k l s xqt jus yxk rks mudks

nwjchu l s okLro esa nf"VHkze gks gh x; kA os vkxs u c<+dj bl h dkfQys i j VwV i M+sA

foMEcuk ; g fd xq:nso dk l SU; f' kfoj Hkh ; gk¡ l s yxHkx vk/ k dksl nwj l keus dh

Vsdjh i j fLFkr FkkA

vc egk fl a?k ds t RFks ds t oku vkRe cfynku dh Hkkouk l s ' k=kq ny l s yksgk

ysus yxsA ns[ krs gh ns[ krs j.k{ks=k esa pkjksa vksj ' ko gh ' ko fn[ kkbZ nsus yxsA l eLr fl a?k

cgqr Å¡ps Loj esa t ;&t ; dkj dj jgs FksA ukjksa dh xwat us xq:nso dk è; ku bl vksj

[ khapkA mUgksaus Hkh Vsdjh l s ' k=kq l suk i j ck.kksa dh o"kkZ i zkjEHk dj nhA t Ynh gh l eLr

t RFkk ohjxfr i k x; kA vc ot +hn [ k+ku ds l e{k vi us l Sfudksa dks i kuh fi ykus dh




208208

l eL; k mRi Uu gks xbZA jkLrs esa rks dgha i kuh Fkk gh ughaA vkxs xq:nso i kuh i j dCt k

t ek; s cSBs FksA ot +hn [ k+ku us ,d Hkkjh vkØe.k fd; k fdUrq nwl jh vksj l s xq:nso ds

l Sfudksa us ml s rhozxfr ds ck.kksa l s i jkLr dj fn; kA eqx+y l SU; cy fcuk i kuh ds i qu%

vkØe.k djus dk l kgl ugha dj i k jgk Fkk] mudks Kkr gks jgk Fkk fd mUgsa ; fn i kuh

u feyk rks I; kl s gh ne rksM+uk i M+sxk D; ksafd os xq:nso dh ' kfDr vkSj mudk ; q¼

dkS'ky dbZ ckj ns[ k pqdk FkkA t Ynh gh ot +hn [ k+ku us fu.kZ; fy; k fd okfi l ykSVk

t k,A bl h esa gekjk Hkyk gS] nsjh djus i j l Hkh l Sfudksa dh dczsa e:LFky esa fcuk yM+s

i kuh l s I; kl s gksus ds dkj.k cusxhA ot +hn [ k+ku t Ynh gh vi uh l suk ysdj okfi l ykSV

x; kA

t c eSnku [ kkyh gks x; k rks xq:nso vi us l sodksa ds l ax j.k{ks=k esa vk; s vkSj

fl D[ kksa ds ' koksa dh [ kkst djus yxsA yxHkx l Hkh fl D[ k ohjxfr i k pqds Fks i jUrq

mudk eqf[ k; k egkfl a?k vpsr voLFkk esa Fkk] 'okl / heh xfr i j FkhA t c xq:nso us

ml ds eq[ k esa i kuh Mkyk rks og l qpsr gqvk vkSj vi uk fl j xq:nso dh xksnh esa ns[ kdj

i zl Uu gks mBkA ml us xq:nso l s fourh dh fd mUgsa {kek dj nsaA bl i j xq:nso us ml s

cgqr Lusgi woZd dgk & eq>s ekywe Fkk rqEgsa vi uh Hkwy dk vgl kl gksxk vkSj vki

l Hkh ykSV vkvksxsA vr% eSaus og rqEgkjk csnkos okyk i =k l EHkky fy; k Fkk] eSaus l c dqN

yqVk fn; k gS i jUrq og i =k vi us l hus l s vkt Hkh fpi dk, cSBk gw¡ vkSj i zrh{kk dj jgk

gw¡ fd os esjs Hkwys&HkVds i q=k dHkh u dHkh vo' ; gh okfi l ykSVsxsaA xq:nso dk

l gkuqHkwfr okyk O;ogkj ns[ kdj egkfl a?k dh vka[ kksa l s vJq/ kjk i zokfgr gksus yxh vkSj

ml us fl l fd; k¡ ysrs gq, xq:nso l s vuqjks/ fd; kA ; fn vki ge l Hkh i j n; kyq gq, gSa

rks gekjh l Hkh dh ,d gh bPNk Fkh fd geus t ks vki l s vkuUni qj esa nxk fn; k Fkk

vFkok csnkok i =k fy[ kk Fkk] og gesa {kek djrs gq, QkM+ nsa] D;ksafd ge l Hkh us vi us

[ kwu l s ml / Ccs dks / ksus dk i z; Ru fd; k gSA di ; k vki gesa i qu% vi uk f' k"; Lohdkj

dj ysa] ft l l s ge ' kkfUr i woZd ej l dsaA xq:nso us vFkkg mnkjrk dk i fjp; fn; k vkSj

og i =k vi uh dej esa l s fudkydj egk fl a?k ds us=kksa ds l keus QkM+ fn; k rHkh

egkfl a?k us i zk.k R;kx fn; s] ejrs l e; ml ds eq[ k i j gYdh l h eqLdku Fkh vkSj og /

U; okn dh eqnzk esa FkkA




209209

t c l Hkh ' koksa dks ns[ kk x; k rks muesa ,d L=kh dk ' ko Hkh Fkk ft l us i q: "kksa dk

os"k / kj.k fd; k gqvk Fkk] è; kui woZd ns[ kus i j ml dh uCt pyrh gqbZ ekywe gqbZA

xq:nso us rqjUr ml dk mi pkj djok; k rks og t hfor gks mBhA ; g Fkh ekbZ Hkkxksa t ks

t RFks dks {kek fnyokus ds fopkj l s mudk usrÙo dj jgh FkhA xq:nso us ml ds eq[ k

l s l Hkh l ekpkj t kudj ml dks czãKku i znku fd; kA

'kghnksa dk l ¡Ldkj djrs l e; xq:nso budh ohjrk i j Hkkoqd gks mBs vkSj

mUgksaus i zR; sd ' kghn ds fl j dks vi uh xksn esa ysdj mudks ckj&ckj pwek vkSj I; kj

djrs gq, dgrs x; sA ;g esjk i k¡p gt kjh ; ks¼k FkkA ; g esjk nl gt kjh ; ks¼k Fkk] ; g

esjk chl gt kjh ; ks¼k Fkk] rkRi ; Z ; g Fkk fd xq:nso us mudks ej.kksi jkUr mi kf/ ; k¡

nsdj l Eekfur fd; kA

orZekudky esa bl LFkku dk uke eqDrl j gS] ft l dk rkRi ; Z gS fd os csnkos

okys fl agksa us vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsdj ; gka i j eks{k i zkIr fd; k FkkA

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •




210210

i k¡pok vè; k;

ekyok {ks=k esa i zpkj

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h f[ knjk.ks dh <kc* {ks=k esa cgqr l Qy jgsA og {ks=k

j.kuhfr vFkok l kefjd nf"V l s mfpr FkkA vc ' k=kq l suk i jkLr gksdj ykSV pqdh FkhA

vr% i qu% fdl h u; s vkØe.k dk dksbZ Hk; ckdh ugha cpk FkkA xq:nso us bl fi NM+s

gq, {ks=k esa xqjefr i zpkj djus dk eu cuk; k vkSj xk¡o xk¡o fopj.k djus yxsA bl

ekyok {ks=k esa Jh xq:ukud nso t h vFkok vU; xq: t uksa ds l e; l s gh fl D[ kh

Qy&Qwy jgh Fkh fdUrq l e; ds vUr jky ds dkj.k ml s i quZt hfor djuk vko' ; d

FkkA vki dk eq[ ; mís' ; t ul k/ kj.k dks nhf{kr djds fl D[ k l s fl a?k l t kuk Fkk

bl fy, vki l Hkh vuq; kbZ; ksa dks ver i ku djus ds fy, i zsj.kk djrsA vf/ dka'k yksx

l g"kZ vki dh vkKk dk i kyu djus ds fy, Lo; ¡ dks l efi Zr djrsA fQjkst i qj ds

l ehi ot hni qj esa vki us ,d fo'kky l ekjksg dk vk; kst u fd; k ft l esa fudVorhZ

xk¡oksa ds yksxksa dks ,d LFkku i j ,d=k dj ,d l kFk ver i ku djk; kA vki ds i zpkj

vfHk; ku l s i zHkkfor gksdj ,d eql yeku Qdhj l S; n bczkfge ' kkg us vki l s vuqjks/

fd; k fd ml s Hkh vki nhf{kr djsa vkSj ukenku l s drkFkZ djsaA xq:nso vfr i zl Uu gq,

vkSj ml dh vfHkyk"kk l Ei w.kZ djds mUgsa fl a?k l t k; k vkSj ml dk uke vt esj fl a?k

j[ kkA

t Sl k fd i gys o.kZu vk pqdk gS fd xq:nso us cgqr cM+h l a[ ; k esa LFkkuh; cSjkM+

t kfr l s l EcfU/ r osru/ kjh l suk Hkh HkrhZ djds l kFk j[ kh gqbZ FkhA mudks dqN l e;

l s osru dk Hkqxrku ugha gks i k jgk FkkA t c xq:nso Nrsvk.ks xk¡o i gq¡ps rks cSjkM+ l Sfud

vM+dj [ kM+s gks x; sA mudk dguk Fkk fd vkxs dk {ks=k l kcksa dk gS ml dk Lokeh MYyk

gS] gekjh l hek ; gha l ekIr gksrh gSa vr% ge vkxs ugha t k,axsA gesa gekjh ru[ okg ; gha

ns nhft ,A xq:nso us mUgsa cgqr l e>k; k] nsj&l osj gks t krh gS] rqEgsa ru[ okg fey

t k; sxh] l axrs / u yka,xh ge foHkkt u dj nsaxsA vkt bRQkd l s [ kt kuk ugha gSA




211211

ekfyd Hkst sxk] ml i j Hkjksl k j[ krs gq, / S; Z j[ kks] fdUrq HkkM+s ds yksxksa esa l cz dgk¡ \

mUgksaus dgk] cgqr / S; Z dj fy; k gS] vc vkSj ugha gks l drkA foMEcuk ; g fd ml h

l e; ,d fl D[ k us : i ; ksa rFkk v'kfQZ; ksa l s ykns gq, [ kPpj xq:nso ds l e{k ykdj

[ kM+s dj fn; sA (; g fl D[ k vi us {ks=k dk nl ca/ yk; k Fkk) bu i k¡p l kS l okj vkSj ukS

l kS i Sny l Sfudksa dks xq:nso us rqjUr fxu dj ru[ okg ck¡V nhA fdaonfUr ; g Hkh gS

fd osru ds vfr fjDr ,d ,d <ky : i ; ksa dh Hkjdj i zfr l Sfud c[ ' kh'k : i esa Hkh

fn; sA vUr esa bu l Sfudksa ds t RFksnkj HkkbZ nkus dks xq:nso us dgk] nkfuvk rw Hkh

ru[ okg ys ys] rw t RFksnkj gS] rq>s fdl fgl kc l s / u nsaA* bl i j nkuk gkFk t ksM+ dj

fourh djus yxk] gs xq:nso! eq>s eksg ek; k ds cU/ u esa u cka/ ksA vi uh di k nf"V j[ ksa

vkSj fl D[ kh nku nsaA oSl s vki dk fn; k l c i nkFkZ ?kj esa gS fdl h oLrq dh deh ughaA

xq:nso us ml dk i zse ns[ kdj eq¡g ek¡xh eqjknsa nhA t ks ek; k [ kPpjksa dh cksfj; ksa esa l s cph

ogha ml / u dks Hkwfe esa xkM+ fn; kA xq:nso ds ogk¡ l s pys t kus ds ckn t c yksxksa us

pksjh l s og LFkku [ kksnk rks / u dgha u feykA rc l s ml LFkku i j uke xqIr l j gks

x; kA

xq:nso dks HkkbZ nkuk t h vi us xk¡o ys x; s vkSj ogk¡ og xq:nso dh l sok djuk

pkgrk Fkk fdUrq xq:nso dh nf"V ml ds ?kj i j i M+s gq, gqDds i j i M+ xbZ rHkh xq:nso

us ml ds ?kj dk Hkkst u djus l s bUdkj dj fn; k vkSj opu fy; k ; fn rqe vkt l s

rEckdw dk l sou R; kx nks rks ge rqEgkjs ?kj dk Hkkst u Lohdkj dj l drs gSaA nkuk t h

dgus yxs fd gs xq:nso ! eq>s vQkjk jksx gS] eSa bl hfy, bl dk i z; ksx djrk gw¡ D; ksafd

bl l s eq>s jkgr feyrh gS vkSj nwl jk t kfr&fcjknjh ds yksx ds ,d=k gksus i j ; g

gqDdk l kekft d Lokxr dh i jEi jk dk : i / kj.k dj x; k gSA vr% bl dk R; kx

dfBu gSA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & ; fn rqe gekjk opu ugha ekurs rks ge yksx t krs

gSaA nkuk xq:nso i j vFkkg J¼k HkfDr j[ krk Fkk] og xq:nso dks : "V dSl s ns[ k l drk

Fkk] ml us rqjUr fu.kZ; fy; kA eSa vkt l s rEckdw dk l sou dnkfpr ugha d: ¡xkA ml dh

uezrk vkSj J¼k ns[ kdj xq:nso us opu fd; k ; fn rqe rEckdw ds l sou dk R; kx

djksxs rks vQkjk jksx dHkh Hkh rqEgkjs fudV ugha vk; sxk vkSj l ekt esa Hkh rqEgkjh

i zfr "Bk vkSj c<+ t k,xhA nkuk t h us cgqr i zse l s l eLr l axr dks yaxj l sou djk; k]




212212

fdUrq xq:nso us ml s dgk] ; fn rqe xq: ukud ds ?kj dh di k pkgrs gks rks ver i ku

djks] ft l l s l nSo rqe mUufr ds ekxZ i j vxzl j gksrs pys t kvksxsA nkuk t h us rdZ

j[ kk] xq:nso t h ge dbZ i hf<+; ksa l s xq: ?kj ds fl D[ k pys vk jgs gSaA vr% eq>s ds'k

j[ kus ds cU/ u esa u MkysA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & ds'k vfr vfuok; Z gSaA gekjk

fl D[ k ogh dgyk; sxk t ks ds'kksa dh l sok l EHkky j[ ksxk vkSj vi us U; kjs Lo: i esa l ekt

esa fopj.k djsxk] ft l l s nwj l s gh fcuk i fjp; i zkIr fd; s ekywe gks t k,xk fd og

ds'k/ kjh O; fDr xq: ukud dk fl D[ k gSA bl i zdkj vki dks l ekt esa l gt esa gh

vknj i zkIr gksxk vkSj dksbZ O; fDr Hkwy l s Hkh rEckdw bR; kfn l sou ds fy, vkxzg ugha

djsxkA HkkbZ nkuk t h xq:nso dh l h[ k (mi ns'k) l s l Urq"V gks x; k vkSj ver i ku djus

ds fy, l gefr i znku dj nhA

gkt +jh eu d h vFkok r u d h

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ryoaMh l kcksa dh r jQ i zLFkku dj jgs Fks rks ,d jkf=k

esa xk¡o ckt d ds fudV vki us vi uk f' kfoj yxok;kA i zk; % jkf=k ds l e; vki ds rEcw

ds i kl pkj f' k"; l ar jh : i esa i gjk fn; k djrs FksA ; gk¡ Hkh ,sl k gh fd; k x; kA jkf=k

dks t c va/ sjk vf/ d ?kuk gqvk] t c xq:nso foJke dj jgs Fks] rHkh xk¡o esa dqN nwj

uV yksxksa }kjk vk; ksft r dk; ZØe ds l axhr dh e/ qj èofu; k¡ xwat us yxhA bl èofu

dks l qudj] bu pkjksa l Ur fj; ksa us vki l esa fopkj fd; k fd og ukVd ns[ kk t k; s] i jUrq

nks l ar fj; ksa dk fopkj Fkk fd os M; wVh i j gSa] bl fy, mudk ogk¡ t kuk vi jk/ gSA

fdUrq nks l ar fj; ksa us fopkj fd; k fd Bhd gS os yksx dqN l e; ds fy, ogk¡ gks vkrs

gSa] rc rd nwl js yksx ; gk¡ i j gh jgsaA bl i zdkj os ukVd ns[ kus pys x; sA i jUrq ogk¡

i j mu nksuksa l ar fj; ksa dk eu ukVd ns[ kus esa yxk gh ugha] cl mu nksuksa ds ân; esa

Hk; l ek; k jgk fd mUgksaus vi jk/ fd; k gSA os M; wVh l s D; ksa vk; sA bl i zdkj mudk

eu M; wVh i j gh jgkA bl ds foi jhr M; wVh i j rSukr l ar fj; ksa ds eu esa fopkj mRi Uu

gqvk fd os D; ksa u ukVd ns[ kus pys x; s rFkk os eu gh eu l axhr dh èofu l s ukVd

dk vuqeku yxkrs jgsA t c l qcg gqbZ rks xq:nso us vkns'k fn; k fd jkf=k esa t ks l ar jh




213213

M; wVh l s xSj gkft j Fks] mudks i s' k fd; k t k; sA t ks ukVd ns[ kus x; s gq, Fks mudks i s' k

dj fn; k x; k] i jUrq xq:nso us dgk & ; g yksx okLro esa mi fLFkr Fks D; ksafd ; g eu

djds M;wVh ns jgs Fks] i jUrq t ks vi us vki dks gkft +j l e> jgs gSa] okLro esa ogh

xSjgkft +j Fks D; ksafd mudk eu rks ukVd ns[ kus esa FkkA vr% xq:nso us Li "V fd; k fd

; gk¡ rks gkt +jh eu dh gh ekuh t krh gS] ru dh ughaA vkè;kfRed nqfu; k dk ; gh

nLrwj gSA

l Ppk i zse gh i zHkq pj . kksa esa i zoku

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ft yk cfB.Mk uxj ds i zpkj nkSjs i j Fks fd ,d jkf=k

esa t c vki foJke voLFkk esa vi us rEcw esa Fks rks vki us nwj l s e/ qj Loj esa dqN yksxksa

ds xkus dh vkokt l quh] xkus okys ; k=kh cyksp Fks t ks i zfl ¼ vkf' kd ' k' kh&i qUuw dh

xkFkk dkO; : i esa xk jgs FksA xkus okys O; fDr ; ksa ds xys esa okLr fod oSjkX; vFkok

d: .kke; / qu dk Loj l qudj xq:nso cgqr i zHkkfor gq,A mUgksaus i zkr%dky mu ; kf=k; ksa

dks vi us njckj esa vkus dk fueU=k.kHkst kA t c os yksx xq:nso ds l e{k mi fLFkr gq,

rks xq:nso us mul s dgk fd rqe yksx t ks jkr esa l qj yxk dj dkO; i Bu dj jgs FksA

og gesa nqckjk l quk,aA ; g vkKk l qudj og cgqr uez Hkko l s cksys & xq:nso t h vki ds

l Eeq[ k i zse fdLl k l qukrs ' keZ vkrh gSA xq:nso us dgk Bhd gS] chp esa ,d i nkZ yxk

nsrs gSa] rqe yksx xkvksA vkKk ekudj os i z; kl djus yxs fdUrq og jkr okyh

HkkokRed ckr ugha cuh] l c dqN Qhdk l k jgkA [ kSj &&& xq:nso ! fQj Hkh i zl Uu

gq, vkSj mudks i qjLdkj ns dj fonk fd; kA fdUrq dqN fl D[ kksa us vki fÙk dh fd

xq:nso t h vkè; kfRed nqfu; ka esa bu vkf' kdksa dh i zse dFkk dgk¡ rd mfpr gS \

mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk & vki l Hkh yksx ,d ,d Å¡xyh xeZ jsr esa Mkydj

,d ?kM+h j[ ksA fdl h l s Hkh ,sl k ugha fd; k x; kA xq:nso us ckr dk l ek/ ku fd; kA ' kf' k

us vi us i zk.kksa dh i jokg u dj e:LFky dh xeZ jsr esa vi us vkf'kd dh [ kkst esa eR; q

dks Lohdkj dj fy; k FkkA ; g R; kx vkSj cfynku dh dgkuh gSA vr% rdZ ogh djus

dk vf/ dkjh gS] t ks bl l s vf/ d R; kx vkSj cfynku djus dh {kerk j[ krk gks \




214214

l kpq d gks l qu ysgq l HkS]

ft u i zse d hvks fr u d h i zHk i kbvksA

t kxhjnkj MYys d s l Sfud ksa d h i j h{kk

t c xq# xksfcUn fl a?k t h pedkSj l kfgc dh dPph gosyh esa ; q¼ ds i ' pkr

,d nk NqVi qV eqx+y l sukvksa ds l kFk >M+i ksa esa l Qy gksrs gq, l kcks dh ryoaMh*

(ft yk cfBaMk) i gq¡ps rks ogk¡ dk t kxhjnkj MYyk] xq#nso dk cgqr cM+k J¼kyq FkkA

bl fy, ml us xq#nso dks vi us ; gk¡ Bgjk; kA dbZ vl Qyrkvksa ds dkj.k eqx+y l suk us

xq:nso dk i hN djuk NksM+ fn; k FkkA vc jkt k MYyk xq#nso dks muds yM+dksa ds ; q¼

esa ' kghn gksus i j ' kksd i zdV djus yxkA ' kksd i zdV djrs gq, og xq#nso l s dgus

yxk&gs xq#nso! ; fn vki us ; q¼ ds l e; ml s ; kn fd; k gksrk rks og vi uh l Hkh

l suk, ¡ ysdj vki dh l gk; rk ds fy, i gq¡p t krkA ft l l s muds csVs 'kghn u gksrsA ns[ kkss

u bl l suk ds t oku fdrus ohj ; ks¼k gSaA ,d l s c<dj ,d gSA bl ds mÙkj esa xq#nso

t h us dgk&MYyk] i zHkq dk gqDe gh ,sl k FkkA i jUrq HkkbZ MYyk us bl ckrphr ds

i 'pkr~ Hkh xq#nso l s dbZ ckj bl h i zdkj dh ckrphr dhA og gj ckj vi uh l suk ds

t okuksa dh i z' kal k djrk rFkk xq#nso l s dgrk fd dk'k vki us ml s l adVdky esa ; kn

dj fy; k gksrk rks og j.k{ks=k esa mudh l gk; rk ds fy, vk t krk ft l l s muds yM+ds

'kghn gksus l s cp t krsA i gys rks xq# t h ml dh ckr dks i zHkq dk gqDe dgdj Vky nsrs

FksA i jUrq og vkSj vf/ d vi uh rFkk vi us l Sfudksa dh i z' kal k djuk ' kq: dj nsrk FkkA

vr% xq#nso us dgk] ^MYyk vPNk fQj dHkh ge rqEgkjs t okuksa rFkk rqEgkjh i jh{kk

ysaxsA** rHkh xq#nso dk ,d f' k"; t ks dgha cgqr nwj l s xq#nso ds n'kZuksa dks vk; k Fkk]

us ,d l qUnj cUnwd xq#nso dks HksaV dhA ml cUnwd dks ns[ kdj xq#nso cgqr i zl Uu gq,

rFkk dgus yxs fd ml cUnwd ds fu'kkus dh i jh{kk djuh gS rFkk ml dh ?kkrd ' kfDr

dks Hkh t k¡puk gS vPNk rks MYyk vki vi us ,d ukSt oku dks Hkst ks ft l i j os fu'kkuk

yxkdj ml cUnwd dh ' kfDr ns[ k l ds fd og fdruh ?kkrd gSA vc MYyk badkj




215215

ugha dj l dkA og vi us l Sfudksa dh cSfjdksa esa i gq¡pk rFkk ogk¡ i j l Hkh l Sfudksa dks

xq:nso dk gqDe l quk; k fd mudks ,d cUnwd dh ?kkrdrk dh i jh{kk ds fy, ,d

t oku dh t +: jr gSA gS dksbZ ,d vi us vki dksa ml dke ds fy, i zLrqr djs\ bl i j

l Hkh l Sfudksa dk ,d Vwd mÙkj Fkk fd fdl h ; q¼{ks=k esa rks nks gkFk ns[ ksaxs] nks fn[ kk; saxs]

i jUrq vupkgh ekSr fcuk yM+s&ejs os xksyh dk fu'kkuk ugha cuuk pkgrssA bl i j MYyk

fujk' k gksdj oki l ykSV vk; kA ; g ns[ k xq:nso dgus yxs] ¶vPNk MYyk rsjk dksbZ Hkh

l Sfud rsjh ckr ugha ekurk rks Bhd gSa rqe Lo; a gh gekjh cUnwd ds i jh{k.k ds fy,

vi us vki dks i zLrqr dj nksA i jUrq ;g l qu MYyk ?kcjk x; k rFkk dgus yxk]

¶l kfgc eSa dSl s ej t kÅ¡\ esjs i hNs esjs jkt i kV dk D; k gksxk\ vHkh rks eSaus nqfu; k

esa ns[ kk gh D; k gS\ ¸ ; g l qu xq#nso us dgk] ¶vPNk MYyk rqe ,sl k djks gekjs Msjs i j

pys t kvks] ns[ kksa ogk¡ i j esjs f' k"; gksaxsA mudks crkvks fd xq:nso us cUnwd dh i jh{kk

djuh gSaA bl fy, ml dk fu'kkuk cuus ds fy, dsoy ,d f' k"; dh vko' ; drk gSA

MYyk gqDe ekudj xq:nso ds yaxj dh r jQ pyk x; kA ogk¡ xq:nso ds nks f' k"; yaxj

dh l sok dj jgs Fks t ks vki l esa cki &csVk FksA rHkh HkkbZ MYyk us mudks xq:nso dk

gqDe l quk; kA ; g l qurs gh cki &csVk nksuksa Hkkxdj xq:nso ds i kl i gqq¡p x; sA ml l e;

fi rk ds gkFk vkVs l s l us gq, Fks rFkk i q=k i xM+h yi sVrk gqvk vk; k FkkA i q=k ; qokoLFkk

esa Fkk l ks Hkkxdj t Ynh i gq¡p x; kA i jUrq fi rk xq:nso l s dgus yxk ¶gs xq:nso eSaus

vki dk gqDe i gys l quk gSa rFkk bl s ckn esa eSaus crk; k gSA bl fy, esjk gd gSa fd vki

eq>s gh fu'kkuk cuk; saA i jUrq i q=k dk rdZ Fkk fd og muds i kl i gys i gq¡pk gSa

bl fy, ml s fu'kkuk cuk; k t k,A bl i j xq:nso dgus yxs] ¶nksuksa ,d drkj ck¡/ dj

[ kM+s gks t kvksA bl i j i q=k vkxs rFkk fi rk i hNs [ kM+s gks x,A i jUrq fi rk dk dn dqN

NksVk FkkA bl fy, ml us vi us i k¡o ds uhps bZVsa j[ k yhA rHkh xq:nso us cUnwd dh ukyh

FkksM+h l h nwl jh r jQ dj nhA os nksuksa Hkkx dj fQj uyh dh l h/ esa [ kM+s gks x; sA rHkh

xq:nso us uyh dk eq¡g fQj ?kqek fn; kA ; g ns[ kdj os yksx fQj uyh dh l h/ esa vk

x; sA xq:nso bl h i zdkj uyh dk eq¡g ckj&ckj ?kqek nsrs rks os yksx Hkkxdj fQj l s

canwd dh ukyh dh l h/ esa [ kM+s gksus dk i z; Ru djrsA vra esa xq:nso us gok esa xksyh

pyk nh rFkk dgk] ¶ns[ k HkkbZ MYyk ; s esjs f' k"; gh esjs l Sfud gSa ft u i j eq>s xoZ gSaA




216216

; s esjs fy, vi uk l eLr U; kSNkoj dj l drs gSaA bUgha ds cy i j eSaus pedkSj l kfgc

rFkk nwl js {ks=kksa esa ; q¼ yM+s gSaA ; s esjh cUnwd ds l keus ,sl s ukp jgs Fks t Sl s l k¡i chu dh

èofu i j ukprk gSA bUgha ohj rFkk l gkl h ; ks¼kvksa i j eq>s ukt + gSA i jUrq rsjs l Sfudksa

esa rks ,d Hkh u fudyk t ks rsjk gqDe eku l dsA

l j fgUn l s t xhjnkj MYys d ks / ed h

l jfgUn esa t c uokc ot +hn [ k+ku dks ;g l wpuk feyh fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t hl kcks dh rycM+h {ks=k ds t xhjnkj MYyk ds i kl ml ds vfr fFk ds : i esa Bgjs gq, gSarks ml us rqjUr t xhjnkj MYys dks dM+s ' kCnksa okyk i =k Hkst k ft l esa vkns'k Fkk fdxq:nso eqx+y l yrUr ds ckxh gSaA vr% mUgsa gekjs gokys dj nksA ,sl k djus i j l ezkVdh vksj l s i qjLdkj Hkh fnyok; k t k,xkA ; fn bl ds foi jhr vkns'k dk mYya?ku fd; kx; k rks t kx+hj t Cr dj yh t k,xh vkSj eqx+y l suk rqEgsa feV~Vh esa feyk nsxhA

bl i =k dk t xhjnkj MYys i j dksbZ i zHkko u gqvkA og xq:nso dh l axr i kjdj vHk; gks pqdk FkkA ml us / efd; ksa Hkjs i =k dk mÙkj cgqr l kgl i w.kZ ' kCnksa esa nsrsgq, fy[ kk & xq:nso esjs vknj.kh; vfr fFk gSaA eSa muds fy, vi uk l oZ=k U; kSNkojdjus dks rRi j gw¡A ; fn rqeus eq> i j vkØe.k fd; k rks rqEgkjk bl {ks=k l s t hforcpdj t kuk vl EHko gksxk D; ksafd bl jsfxLrku eas i kuh ds vHkko esa ge rqEgsa I; kl sgh ekj nsaxsA

; g dM+k mÙkj i kdj uokc ot +hn [ k+ku MYys i j vkØe.k djus dk l kgl ugha

dj i k; k D; ksafd ml s f[ knkjk.ks dh <kc ds dM+os vuqHko Kkr FksA

/ eZi Ruh l s feyki

fnYyh esa t c xq: ds efgy] ekrk l qanjh t h o l kgc dkSj t h dks ; g Kkr gqvk

fd xq:nso l kcks dh ryoaMh (nenek l kgc) esa Bgjs gq, gSa rks os HkkbZ euh fl a?k t h

ds l kFk ; gk¡ i / kjsA t c mUgksaus vi us csVs ds fo"k; esa xq:nso l s i wNk rks mUgksaus mÙkj

fn; k &Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



217217

bu i q=ku d s ' kh' k i j okj fn; s l qr pkjA

pkj eq, r ks D; k gqvk t hfor d bZ gt kjA

vFkkZr xq:nso us l keus cSBs fl D[ kksa dh vksj l adsr djds dgk & ;g fl D[ k

gh rqEgkjs okLr fod i q=k gSa t ks l nSo [ kkyl k i aFk ds : i esa t hfor jgsxkA bUgha esa rqe

mu i q=kksa dks Hkh ns[ k l drh gSa t ks dsoy 'kjhj R; kx x; s gSa fdUrq vej gksdj bUgha esa

l nSo fopj.k djrs jgsaxsA

; g vkè;kfRed Kku l qudj ekrk l qanjh t h us mÙkj esa dgk & vki Bhd

dgrs gSaA eSa vi us dks HkkX; ' kkyh ekuus yxh gw¡ fd esjs i q=kksa us / eZ dh j{kk djus gsrq

vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr nh gSA

xq: xzaFk l kgc d s u; s Lo: i d h l ai knuk

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us l kcks dh ryoaMh] ft yk cfBaMk esa neneh Vd'kky*

(xq:efr i zf' k{k.k dsUnz) LFkkfi r fd; k rks mudks ml l e; vkfn xzaFk l kfgc* dh

vko' ; drk vuqHko gqbZA mUgksaus / hjey dks l ans'k Hkst k vkSj vkxzg fd; k fd di ; k

vkfn xzaFk l kfgc* mUgsa nsa ft l l s ; qok i h<+h dks i zf' kf{kr fd; k t k l ds i jUrq / hjey

us chM+ nsus l s bUdkj dj fn; kA xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds fj' rs esa og rkÅ ds cM+s csVs

FksA vr% xq:nso us mudks cgqr l Eeku fn; k i jUrq / hjey us muds vuqjks/ dks

Bqdjkrs gq, cgqr dVq opuksa dk i z; ksx fd; k & rqe Lo; ¡ dks xq: dgykrs gks i jUrq

u; s xazFk dh jpuk ugha dj l drs\ okLro esa fl D[ kksa dk xq: eSa gw¡ D; ksafd vkfn xzaFk

l kfgc* eq>s fojkl r esa feyk gSA bl vgadkj i zofÙk ds dBksj opu l qudj xq:nso ds

eq[ k l s l gt Hkko esa ' kCn fudys & rqe fl D[ kksa ds xq: dnkfpr ugha cu l drs] gk¡

rqe Hkwr&i szrksa ds xq: dgykus ; ksX; gks D; ksafd rqEgkjh fopkj/ kjk gh ,sl h gSA l e; ds

i zokg us mudh l Urkuksa dks Hkwr&i szrksa dk xq: cuk fn; k vkSj xq:nso ds opu l R;

fl ¼ gq,A ckck cM+Hkkx fl a?k / hjey dh i k¡poh i q' r esa l s gSaA bl ?kVuk ds i ' pkr~

xq:nso us Lo; ¡ vkfn xzaFk l kfgc* dh ok.kh i qu% mPpkj.k dh vkSj HkkbZ euh fl a?k t h




218218

l s fy[ kokbZA ckn esa n'ke i kr ' kkg us ukSosa xq: rsx cgknqj l kfgc dh ok.kh Hkh bl xazFk

esa l fEefyr dj nhA

t c ; g l wpuk / hjey dks feyh fd xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us vkfn xzaFk l kfgc*

dk fuekZ.k dj fy; k gS rks og bZ"; kZ l s t y mBkA ml ds el Unksa us ml dks [ kwc mÙksft r

fd; k] ft l l s og xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h }kjk jfpr vkfn xzaFk l kfgc* i j ' kadk;sa i zdV

djus yxk fd ; g dSl s l EHko gks l drk gS t ks xzaFk ml ds i kl gS ml dh udy fcuk

ns[ ks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k dSl s rS; kj dj l drk gS\ bl fy, xq: xksfcUn fl a?k }kjk jfpr

vkfn xzaFk esa dqN =kqfV; k¡ vo' ; gksaxhA bl i zdkj i zfrLi / kZ dh vkx esa t yrk gqvk og

vi us l kFk ewy vkfn xzaFk l kfgc* dh chM+ ysdj l kcks dh ryoaMh* i gq¡pkA ml us

xq:nso ds l e{k nksuksa xzaFkks ds feyku dk i zLrko j[ kkA xq:nso us l g"kZ ; g vuqjks/

Lohdkj dj fy; kA QyLo: i nksuksa i {kksa us vi us vi us xzaFkksa dk ,d ,d v{kj feyku

fd; k i jUrq dksbZ vUrj ugha i k; k x; kA dsoy ukSoas xq: rsx cgknqj t h dh jpuk, ¡ gh

vf/ d Fkha t ks fd bl ckj l adfyr dh xbZ FkhA

xq: pj . kksa esa i h<+h ft r uk LFkku

t kxhjnkj MYys us xq: i kr ' kkg dh l sok djus esa cgqr cgknqjh dk i zn'kZu fd; kFkkA ml us l jfgan ds uokc dh / efd; ksa dh dksbZ i jokg ugha dh Fkh cfYd ml dksl kQ fy[ k fn; k Fkk fd og xq: xksfcUn fl a?k l kfgc dks i dM+us dh xyrh fcYdqy udjsA xq:nso HkkbZ MYys dh bl dqckZuh dh dnj djrs FksA

,d fnu l rxq: t h us i zl Uu gksdj HkkbZ MYys dks dgk] HkkbZ MYyk ! xq:ukud ds ?kj esa fdl h pht dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA rw t ks dqN pkgrk gS] crk\ HkkbZMYys us cgqr uezrki woZd mÙkj fn; k] l Pps i kr ' kkg ! / u] t ehu] bTt r vkfnnqfu; koh i nkFkZ i gys gh vki dh di k l s cgqr gSaA bu i nkFkksZa dh vkSj pkg ughaA ; fnesgjcku gks rks vi us pj.kksa esa ,d i h<+h ft ruk LFkku ns nksA

xq:nso us mÙkj fn; k] HkkbZ MYyk ! rwus gekjh l sok dh [ kkfr j nqfu; koh i nkFkksZa

dks [ kr js esa Mkyk gSA muds cnys nqfu; koh i nkFkZ gh fey l drs gSa t ks dqN rw ek¡x jgk




219219

gS] ; g nqfu; koh i nkFkksZa ds rqY; ugha fey l drkA xq: ds l ax fudVrk rks i zse dk l kSnk

gSA i zse i Sl s l s ugha [ kjhnk t k l drkA ; gk¡ i j rks ru&eu HksaV djuk gksrk gSA ; fn rw

gekjs l ehi gksuk pkgrk gS rks ogh i z.k dj t ks fl D[ kksa us fd; k gSA t ks geus Hkh fd; k

gSA vr% ver i ku djds fl D[ kh ekxZ i j pyA bl r jg xq: ?kj esa l nk ds fy, LFkku

fey t k,xkA

HkkbZ MYys us xq: t h ds mi ns'k ds vkxs ' kh'k >qdk fn; kA ver i ku djds og

HkkbZ MYyk fl a?k cu x; k vkSj vi us l kjs i fjokj dks ml us ver i ku djok; kA

d fo njckj

t Sl s i kÅ¡Vk l kfgc esa jkst dfo njckj yxk djrs Fks] oSl s gh nenek l kfgc esa

Hkh dfo njckj yxus yx x,A vf/ dka'k dfo fQj xq: t h ds i kl nenek l kfgc

njckj esa vk pqds FksA gt kjksa dh l a[ ; k esa l axr Hkh uxj&uxj] xk¡o xk¡o l s i gq¡pus

yxh Fkh vkSj [ kwc jax ca/ rk FkkA dfo; ksa l s t ks'khyh dfork,a l qudj os yksx Hkh

ver i ku djus dks rS;kj gks t krs ft Ugksaus vHkh ver i ku ugha fd; k gksrk FkkA yksx

l e>rs Fks fd ver i ku djds gh ,d ,d O; fDr l ok l ok yk[ k l s t w> l drk gS vkSj

bl i zdkj xqykeh dh t at hjsa rksM+h t k l drh gSA

i zpkj d k vl j

l kcks dks ryoaMh (nenek l kfgc) esa fuokl djrs l e; l rxq: t h us xqjer

i zpkj ds Hkjl d i z; kl fd; sA vf/ d l s vf/ d yksxksa dks ver dh fuf/ i znku dhA

l rxq: t h ds i z; Ruksa l s ,d yk[ k chl gt kj dh Hkkjh l a[ ; k esa yksxksa us ver i ku

fd; kA

• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •




220220

vfUr e (NVk) vè; k;

vkSjaxt sc d h eR; q vkSj ml d s mÙkjkf/ d kfj ; ksa esa ; q¼

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h jkt LFkku ds dbZ uxjksa esa xq:efr dk i zpkj djds

fnYyh dh vksj t kus dk fopkj dj jgs Fks fd mudks l wpuk feyh fd vkSjaxt sc dk

nsgkUr gks x; k gSA bl fy, fnYyh dk l ezkV cuus dh gksM+ esa vkSjaxt s+c ds nksuksa csVksa esa

Bu xbZ gSA vkSjaxt s+c dk cM+k i q=k eqvt e (cgknqj' kkg) t ks vQxkfuLrku dh r jQ

,d eqfge i j x; k gqvk Fkk] fi rk dh eR; q dk l ans'k i zkIr gksrs gh okfi l ykSVk fdUrq

ml l e; rd ml dk NksVk HkkbZ ' kkfgt +knk vkt +e us vi us vki dks l ezkV ?kksf"kr dj

fn; k FkkA vr% nksuksa esa ; q¼ dh rS; kfj; k¡ gksus yxhA

eqvt +e dks vkHkkl gqvk fd vkt +e dks ; q¼ esa i jkft r djuk bruk l gt ugha

gS og eq> l s vf/ d 'kfDr ' kkyh gSA vr% ml dks i jkLr djus ds fy, eq>s fdl h vU;

' kfDr l s l gk; rk ys ysuh pkfg,A vU; Fkk i jkt ; i j eR; q n.M fuf'pr gh gSA ml us

pkjksa vksj nf"Vi kr fd; k fdUrq dksbZ ,sl h ' kfDr nf"Vxkspj ugha gqbZ t ks ml dh

foi fÙkdky esa Li "V : i esa vkt +e ds fo:¼ l gk; rk djsA ml us i js' kku gksdj vi us

odhy HkkbZ uUn yky fl a?k xks; k* l s fopkjfoe'kZ fd; kA uUnyky fl a?k us ml s l q>ko

fn; k fd og bl l e; xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h ds i kl t kdj l gk; rk ek¡xs] og 'kj.kkxr

dh vo' ; gh l gk; rk djsaxs vkSj ; fn mudk l g; ksx fey t k; s rks gekjh fot ;

fuf'pr gh gSA ; g l qudj eqvt +e us l a' k; O; Dr fd; kA og esjh l gk; rk D; ksa djus

yxsA t cfd esjs fi rk vkSjaxt s+c us mudks fcuk fdl h dkj.k vkØe.k djds i zokl h cuk

fn; k gS vkSj muds csVksa dh gR; k djok nh gSA bl i j HkkbZ uUn yky fl a?k t h us ml s

l e>k; k fd og fdl h l s Hkh ' k=kqrk ugha j[ krs dsoy vU; k; ds fo:¼ ryokj mBkrs

gSaA eqvt +e dks Hkh bl ckr dk vgl kl Fkk vkSj og xq:nso ds xq.kksa l s HkyhHkkfUr

i fjfpr Hkh Fkk] bl fy, ml us HkkbZ uUn yky fl a?k dks gh vi uk odhy cukdj xq:nso

ds i kl Hkst k fd og esjh vkt +e ds fo:¼ l gk; rk djsaA Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us




221221

eqvt +e (cgknqj' kkg) dks l gk; rk nsus ds fy, ,d ' krZ j[ kh vkSj dgk fd l Ùkk i zkfIr

ds i ' pkr~ eqvt +e gesa mu vi jkf/ ; ksa dks l kSai sxk ft Ugksaus i hj cq¼'kkg dh gR; k dh gS

rFkk gekjs uUgsa csVksa dks nhokj esa fpUuk gSA

eqvt +e dks ; g ' krZ cgqr gh dM+h i zrhr gqbZ fdUrq ejrk D; k ugha djrkA ml us

cM+s nq[ kh eu l s ; g ' krZ Lohdkj dj yhA xq:nso Lo; ¡ fnYyh t k gh jgs Fks D; ksafd mu

fnuksa mudh i Ruh fnYyh esa fuokl djrh FkhA bl i zdkj xq:nso us vi uk fo'kky

l SU; cy eqvt +e dh l gk; rk ds fy, Hkst fn; kA

fnYyh ds fudV nksuksa Hkkb; ksa esa Hk; adj ; q¼ gqvk fdUrq eqvt +e dh l suk i jkLr

gksus yxhA ; g fLFkfr ns[ k dj ml us rqjUr uUn yky dks xq:nso ds i kl Hkst k vkSj i qu%

fourh dh fd fot ; ml h dh gksuh pkfg,A xq:nso us dgk ge ml dh fot ; djokus

gh okys Fks fd eqvt +e ds eu esa csbZekuh vk xbZ FkhA og fopkj jgk Fkk fd xq: xksfcUn

fl a?k dks l Ùkk i zkfIr ds i ' pkr~ cgkus cukdj Vkyrk jgw¡xkA cl bl h dkj.k geus

vi uk l g; ksx okfi l ys fy; k FkkA bl ckj ; fn og fot ; pkgrk gS rks ml s gesa fyf[ kr

: i esa l af/ i =k rS; kj djds nsuk gksxkA uUn yky ds ncko esa eqvt +e us xq:nso dks

fyf[ kr l af/ : i esa ,d i =k Hkst k ft l esa ml us opu fn; k fd ; fn eSa xq:nso dh

l gk; rk l s fot ; h gks t krk gw¡ rks mu dkfryksa dks xq:nso ds l qi qnZ dj nw¡xk ft udh bUgsa

ryk'k gSA cl fQj D;k Fkk l eLr fl D[ k l suk esa vkRe cfynku dh Hkkouk l s ru&eu

l s ; q¼ yM+uk i zkjEHk dj fn; kA ' k=kq i {k dh vksj l s ; q¼ dk usrÙo Lo; ¡ vkt +e gkFkh

i j cSB dj jgk FkkA ?kekl ku ; q¼ esa ,d ck.k rkjk&vkt +e ds l hus esa yxk og ogha

yq<+d x; kA ml dks er ns[ kdj ; q¼ cUn gks x; k vkSj eqvt +e fot ; h ?kksf"kr gks x; kA

t c rkjk&vkt +e ds l hus l s rhj [ khap dj ckgj fudkyk x; k rks og xq: xksfcUn fl ?ka

t h dk Fkk D; ksafd ml ds i hNs l ok rksyk Lo.kZ e<+k gqvk feyk] t Sl s fd fi Nys vè; k; ksa

esa o.kZu vk pqdk gS fd dsoy xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h gh vi us ok.kksa ds i hNs Lo.kZ

e<+okrs FksA ; g ck.k xq: nso t h us eksrh ckx uked LFkku l s pyk; k Fkk] t gk¡ l s dsoy

,d dksl dh nwjh i j ; q¼ gks jgk FkkA

eqvt +e fot ; dk Madk ct krk gqvk l suk l fgr vkxjk i gq¡pkA t gk¡ ml us Lo; ¡




222222

dks cgknqj' kkg uke fn; k vkSj fgUnqLrku dk l ezkV cu dj fl agkl u i j cSB x; kA ml s

bl ckr dk vgl kl Fkk fd fcuk xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dh l gk; rk ds og l ezkV ugha

cu l drk FkkA vr% ml us l ezkV curs gh xq:nso dks vkxjk i / kjus dk fueU=k.k Hkst k

vkSj fourh dh fd vki e>s n'kZu nsdj drkFkZ djsaA xq:nso mu fnuksa gqek; wa ds edcjs

ds l ehi fuokl djrs FksA

cgknqj'kkg ds fueU=k.k i j cgqr l s fl D[ kksa us ' kadk O; Dr dh vkSj dgk & ; fn

; g Hkh vi us i woZt ksa dh r jg Ny di V djus yxk rks xq:nso l adV esa Qal l drs gSaA

fdUrq xq:nso us fl D[ kksa dks / S;Z ca/ k; k vkSj vkxjk py i M+sA jkLrs esa vki t h us eFkqjk]

onkaou bR; kfn dbZ ,sfrgkfl d LFky ns[ ksA vkxjk i gq¡pus i j vki dk ' kkgh l Eeku l s

Lokxr fd; k x; k fdUrq vki us vi uk f' kfoj ; equk fdukjs ,d je.khd LFkku i j

yxok; kA cgknqj' kkg ds l kFk HksaV okys fnu xq:nso ?kksM+s i j l okj gksdj vL=k&'kL=k

bR; kfn / kj.k djds Lol ft r gks dj vkxjs ds fdys esa i zos'k gq,A }kj i j cgknqj' kkg

us vki dk HkO; Lokxr fd; k vkSj njckjesa Å¡ps vkl u i j cSBk; kA rnqi jkUr vki dks

l Eekfur djus ds fy, f[ kYyr (fl jksi k) HksaV fd; k x; kA bl esa ,d dyxh Hkh Fkh t ks

ghjksa l s t M+h gqbZ FkhA xq:nso us l eLr oLrq, ¡ i zkIr djds vi us l soknkjksa }kjk f' kfoj esa

Hkst nhA t c fd ' kkgh fu; ekoyh vuql kj mu mi gkjksa dks njckj esa gh / kj.k djuk

vFkok i guuk gksrk FkkA dqN njckfj; ksa us bl ckr dk cqjk ekuk fd bu oLrqvksa dks

vki us / kj.k D; ksa ugha fd; kA mÙkj esa xq:nso us Li "V fd; kA ge vkè; kfRed nqfu; k

ds Lokeh gSa t cfd cgknqj' kkg dsoy nqfu; knkj gSA vr% vkè; kfRed : rck nqfu; knkjh

:Rcksa esa l oksZÙke gS] bl fy, ckn'kkg dh oLrq,a geus ml ds Lusg dks ns[ kdj Lohdkj

rks dj yh gS fdUrq og vkè; kfRed nqfu; k esa xkS.k gSA

xq:nso cgknqj' kkg ds Lusg ds dkj.k ml dh jkt / kuh esa rhu eghus rd jgsA

cgknqj'kkg us xq:nso ds l kFk fd; s x; s vR; kpkjksa ds fy, vi us fi rk vkSjaxt s+c dks

ft Eesokj Bgjk; k vkSj Hkfo"; esa i z'kkl u dh vksj l s fe=krk dk gkFk c<+k; kA xq:nso us

ml s ml dh fyf[ kr l af/ dh ; kn fnyokbZ vkSj dgk gesa mu vi jkf/ ; ksa dks t Ynh l kSai ksA

fdUrq cgknqj' kkg Vky x; k vkSj dgus yxk l e; vkus i j eSa ; g vi uk ok;nk vo' ;




223223

gh i wjk d: ¡xkA fdUrq vHkh esjs fojks/ h cxkor dj jgs gSaA ml us xq:nso dks crk; k fd

bl l e; jkt i wrkus esa l s cxkor dh l wpuk,a feyh gSa vkSj esjk NksVk HkkbZ dkec[ ' k t ks

bl l e; cht ki qj esa gS] ml us vi us dks LorU=k ckn'kkg gksus dk ,syku dj fn; k gSA

eq>s i gys budk neu djuk gS] ml ds i ' pkr~ vki dk dk; Z i w.kZ d: ¡xkA xq:nso us

ml dh foo'krk dks l e>k vkSj dqN l e; i zrh{kk djus i j l ger gks x; sA

cgknqj'kkg ds l e{k l oZi zFke dk; Z vi us HkkbZ dkec[ ' k dh cxkor dks

dqpyuk FkkA ml us bl egÙoi w.kZ dk; Z ds fy, xq:nso dks l kFk esa pyus dk vkxzg

fd; kA xq:nso us ml ds i zLrko i j vi us l sodksa l s i jke'kZ fd; k vkSj l gefr ns nhA

mudk fopkjFkk fd gekjk eq[ ; mís' ; rks xqjefr dk i zpkj&i zl kj djuk gS] bl h

cgkus nf{k.k {ks=k esa ogk¡ ds fuokfl ; ksa esa xq: ukud nso t h ds fl ¼kUrksa dk i qu%

i zpkj&i zl kj dks c<+kok fey l dsxkA

mTt oy vkpj . k gh Js"Br k d k i zr hd

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks muds f' kfoj esa l ezkV cgknqj' kkg fdl h fo'ks"k

dkj.ko'k feyus vk; kA vodk'k dk l e; Fkk fopkj foe'kZ djrs l e; vkè; kfRed

ppkZ i zkjEHk gks xbZA cgknqj' kkg us bLyke dk i {k i zLrqr djrs gq, dgk & bLyke esa

; g fo'okl n<+ gS fd t ks O; fDr ,d ckj dyek i <+ ysrk gS og nkst +[ k esa ugha t krk

vfi rq ml s cfg'kr (LoxZ) esa ,s'o; Z ; qDr t hou t hus dks feyrk gSA

bl ds foi jhr xq:nso us ml s xq:efr fl ¼kUr l e>krs gq, dgk & ; g l c

feF; k / kj.kk; sa gSa okLr fodrk ; g gS fd t ks t Sl k deZ djsxk og oSl k gh Qy i k; sxkA

; g l oZekU; l R; fl ¼kUr gSA bl esa fdl h dh fl Qkfj' k ugha pyrhA bl i j l ezkV

dgus yxk vki ds dFku dh i f"V fdl i zdkj gks] dksbZ mnkgj.k rks gksuk gh pkfg,A

xq:nso us rqjUr vi us [ kt kuaph dks cqyk fy; k vkSj ml s dgk & gekjs [ kt kus esa ,d

fl Ddk [ kksVk Hkh gS] og ykvksA ml [ kksVs : i ; s dks xq:nso us l ezkV dks fn[ kk; k vkSj

dgk bl i j og l Hkh dqN ml h i zdkj eqfnzr gS] ft l i zdkj dk vki dh Vdl ky ds




224224

okLr fod fl Ddksa i j] bl i j Hkh dyek bR; kfn l Hkh dqN vafdr gSA bl s ckt kj esa

Hkst dj dqN vko' ; d l kexzh e¡xok dj ns[ krs gSa vkSj xq:nso t h us ml fl Dds dks

,d l sod ds gkFk ckt kj Hkst fn; kA dqN l e; i ' pkr~ og l sod [ kkyh gkFk ykSV

vk; k vkSj crkus yxk xq:nso t h ; g fl Ddk dksbZ Lohdkj ugha djrk D; ksafd ; g

[ kksVk gS] bl esa feykoV gSA xq:nso us l ezkV dks l Ecks/ u djrs gq, dgk & t Sl s ; g

fl Ddk dksbZ Lohdkj ugha djrk Hkys gh vki dh Vdl ky dh r jg bl i j eksgj gS vkSj

bl i j dyek Hkh fy[ kk gSA Bhd oSl s gh l Pph njxkg esa dsoy dyek i <+ ysus l s dksbZ

Lohdk; Z ugha cu t krkA cgknqj' kkg bl ; qfDr i w.kZ mÙkj l s l Urq"V gks x; kA

i hj d ks l h[ k

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h vkxjs esa l ezkV cgknqj' kkg ds njckj esa ml ds fof' k"V

vfr fFk ds : i esa fojkt eku gks jgs Fks rks ml l e; l jfgUn ds l SÕ; n ( i hj) us xq:nso

t h dks dgk fd xq: t h vki vi us vki dks bruk cM+k xq: dgyokrs gSa rks ml s dksbZ

djkekr fn[ kkvksA ugha rks og vi uh ' kfDr fn[ kkrk gSA bl i j xq:nso dgus yxs]

djkekr uke dgj dk gSA eSa dksbZ djkekr ugha t kurkA esjh djkekr rks esjk dÙkZO;

gh gSA* i jUrq og ugha ekuk vkSj gB djus yxkA bl i j xq:nso dgus yxs] rqeus

'kfDr gh ns[ kuh gS rks cgknqj' kkg ds t hou esa Hkh djkekr gSA og ns[ kksA ; g pkgs rks

jkT; 'kfDr l s vi us ,d gh vkns'k esa dqN Hkh dj l drk gSA* ; g l qudj og i hj

dgus yxk] ; g djkekr rks cgknqj 'kkg esa gS ghA eSa rks vki dh ' kfDr ns[ kuk pkgrk

gw¡A bl i j xq: l kfgc us vi uh ryokj E; ku l s fudky yh rFkk dgus yxs] esjs i kl

rks ; gh djkekr gSA dgks rks bl dh djkekr fn[ kk nw¡A ; g pkgs rks vHkh t hou dks eR; q

es cny nsA* bl i j og Hk; Hkhrgks x; k vkSj fouezrk l s dgus yxk] bl ryokj dks

E; ku ds Hkhr j gh j[ ksaA eq>s djkekr ugha ns[ kuhA* bl i j xq:nso dgus yxs] esjs i kl

,d nwl jh djkekr gS dgks rks og Hkh fn[ kk nw¡A* bl i j og fQj vk'p; Z i zdV djus

yxk vkSj i wNus yxk] og dkSu l h\ * xq:nso us dgk] ogh ft l ds fy, og nj nj

HkVdrk fQjrk gSA bl i j ml i hj us dgk & og l e>k ughaA rHkh xq:nso us pk¡nh ds




225225

: i ; ksa dh FkSfy; k¡ ml ds l keus i Vdrs gq, dgk] esjh nwl jh djkekr ; gh gSA dgks rks

bl l s eSa rqedks [ kjhn yw¡ rFkk ekuekuh ckr rqe l s djokÅ¡A* bl l s og i hj xq:nso ds

okLr fod Lo: i dks t ku x; k fd mUgksaus ,d gh b'kkjs esa ml i j dVk{k fd; k gS

D; ksafd og yksxksa l s pUn pk¡nh ds fl Ddksa i j fcd t krk gS rFkk vi uh vewY;

vykSfdd ' kfDr dk i zn'kZu djrk fQjrk gS t ks fd i zdfr ds dke esa gLr{ksi gSA

d s' k vfuok; Z D; ksa\

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h vodk'k ds l e; vkxjs ds n'kZuh; LFkyksa bR; kfn

LFkkuksa i j fopj.k dj jgs Fks fd ,d fnu dqN LFkkuh; fl D[ k ,df=kr gksdj vki ds

n'kZuksa dks vk; sA xq:nso t h mudh J¼k i j l Urq"V gq, vkSj mUgksaus l eLr fl [ kksa dks

ver i ku djus dh i szsj.kk nhA bl i j vf/ dka'k ver i ku djus ds fy, mRl qd fn[ kkbZ

fn; s fdUrq ,d O; fDr ft l dk uke uks fuf¼ jk; Fkk] ml us xq:nso ds l e{k vi uh

ft Kkl k j[ kh vkSj i z'u fd; k gs xq:nso ! vki t ks ver i ku djokrs l e; ds'k

vfuok; Z crykrs gSa] og D; ksa\ D; k fl D[ kh ge i gys dh r jg / kj.k ugha dj l drs\

xq:nso bl i z'u i j i zl Uu gq, vkSj mUgksaus dgk & uks fuf¼ jk; rqe

foosd'khy O; fDr gksA vr% rqEgkjk i z'u mfpr gSA ; fn eu esa 'akdk cuh jgh rks nqfo/

k esa fd; k x; k deZ QyhHkwr ugha gksrk] vr% ge rqEgsa i z'u dk mÙkj nsrs gSaA ds'k l Hkh

euq"; ksa dks t Ue l s gh mi gkj esa i zdfr us fn; s gSA gekjh i zkphu l H; rk esa l Hkh L=kh

i q: "k T; ksa dk R; ksa mUgsa / kj.k djrs FksA l e; ds var jky esa dqN yksxksa us ds'kksa dk

[ k.Mu djuk i zkjEHk dj fn; k t ks dqjhfr fodjky : i / kj.k dj xbZA cl dsoy ½f"k

eqfu vFkok l ar t u gh ds'k/ kjh ' ks"k jg x; sA ckr l e>us dh gS] geus dksbZ ubZ uhfr

ugha pykbZ cfYd i zkphu i jEi jk dks l qjt hr fd; k gS vkSj geus i zdfr ds fu;eksa dk

vuql j.k djds ml i zHkq ds vkns'k dk i kyu fd; k gS] ft l us ekuo ' kjhj esa ds'k ,d

vfuok; Z vax ds : i esa gesa i znku fd; s gSaA vc gekjk i z'u gS fd t c i zdfr us gesa

mi gkj esa ds'k fn; s gSa rks ml esa dksbZ jgL; vo' ; gh gksxkA yksx i zdfr ds fu;eksa ds

foi jhr ds'kksa dk [ k.Mu D; ksa djrs gSa \ t cfd i zdfr dk vuql j.k djus l s l nSo




226226

euq"; dks ykHk gh gqvk gSA bl i j uks fuf¼ jk; cksyk & xq:nso ! eSa vki dh ckr dksl e> x; k gw¡ i jUrq ds'k&nk<+h] ewaNs bR; kfn dk egÙo crk,aA mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk& ds'k l qUnjrk dk i zrhd gS vkSj euq"; ds efLr"d dks l qjf{kr j[ krs gSaA nk<+h & nSohxq.kksa dh i zrhd gS & t Sl s n; k] / S;Z] {kek] ' kkfUr ] l Urks"k bR; kfnA bl h i zdkj ewaNsohjrk] ' kkS; Z t Sl s xq.kksa dh i zrhd gSA i zdfr us dsoy i q: "kksa dks gh nk<+h&ewaNksa l s JaxkjkgS] og Hkh ; qokoLFkk esa vkus i j i zkIr gksrh gS] uckfyd vk; q esa ;g mi gkj i zdfr ughai znku djrhA ; fn i q: "k bu i zdfr ds mi gkjksa dks T; ksa dk R; ksa / kj.k djs rks og vfrl qUnj i zrhr gksrk gSA ukjh dks rks df=ke Jaxkj dh vko' ; drk gS fdUrq i q: "kksa dksi zdfr us ds'k] nk<+h rFkk ewaNs mi gkj : i esa i znku djds vi us gkFkksa l s Jaxkjk gSAbl fy, l kSUn; Z dh nf"V l s i q: "k ukjh dh vi s{kk vf/ d l qUnj gSA

; g O; k[ ; k l qudj uks fuf¼ jk; rFkk l axr us xq:nso dks ueLdkj fd; k vkSjver i ku djus ds fy, rRi j gks x; sA

[ kkyl k l Ei w. kZ

,d ckj xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h rFkk muds f' k"; jkt LFkku ds ,d {ks=k l s xqt jjgs FksA ml h jkLrs esa ,d l ar nknw t h dh l ekf/ FkhA t c os l ekf/ ds i kl l s xqt jsrks xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us vi us rhj l s l ar dh l ekf/ dh r jQ l SY; wV dj fn; kA mll e; xq:nso ds f' k"; pqi jgsA i jUrq vi us LFkku i j i gq¡pus i j mUgksaus xq:nso ds fo:¼i k¡p I; kjksa ds : i esa xqjerk cuk;k fd vkt xksfcUn fl a?k t h us ,dcgqr cM+k vi jk/fd; k gSA ft l dk mudks n.M nsuk gSA cl fQj D; k FkkA i k¡p I; kjs f' k"; ksa us mu i jyxk nks"k l quk; k rFkk mul s bl vi jk/ dk mÙkj ek¡xkA bl ds mÙkj esa xq:nso us dgk]okLro esa eSa rqEgkjh i jh{kk ys jgk Fkk fd dgha esjk [ kkyl k HksM+pky rks ugha pyus

okykA esjk [ kkyl k n<+ l adYi okyk gSA cl eSa ; gh ns[ kuk pkgrk FkkA i jUrq eq>s vci w.kZ fo'okl gks x; k gS fd t ks [ kkyl k eq>s xyrh djus i j i dM+ ysrk gS cfYd esjh dhxbZ xyrh dk HksM+pky dh r jg vuql j.k ugha djrkA ; g [ kkyl k vc l Ei w.kZ gks pqdkgSA vc ml esa dksbZ =kqfV ugha jghA* i jUrq i k¡p I; kjs bl l QkbZ i j Hkh ugha ekusA mUgksaus

xq:nso dks l ok yk[ k : i ; s n.M nsus dks dgkA ckn esa ; g n.M xq:nso us l g"kZ Lohdkj

dj fy; kA




227227

HkkbZ eku fl a?k t h d h gR; k

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h l ezkV cgknqj ' kkg ds vkxzg i j nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ; k=kk

i j fudy i M+sA jkLrs esa ckn'kkg dks jkt i wrkus t kuk i M+ x; k D; ksafd ogk¡ l s fonzksg ds

l ekpkj fey jgs FksA fl D[ kksa us Hkh xq:nso l s vuqjks/ fd; k fd jkt LFkku ds dqN ,d

,sfrgkfl d uxj vFkok ogk¡ ds fdys bR; kfn ns[ kus dks eu gks jgk gSA di ; k vki Hkh

pysA vr% xq:nso Hkh fpÙkkSM+ uxj dh ; k=kk dks py i M+sA / hjs / hjs fl D[ kksa us dbZ

n'kZfud LFky ns[ ksA bl ; k=kk esa fl D[ kksa ds ?kksM+ksa dks gjs pkjs dh l eL; k cuh jghA

fpÙkkSM+ uxj ds ckgj ,d LFkku i j dqN fl D[ kksa us ?kl dh xk¡Bs ns[ kh fdUrq muds

Lokeh mUgsa cspus i j rS; kj ugha gq,A mudk dguk Fkk fd ; g pkjk vi us ?kksM+ksa vFkok

l jdkjh ?kksM+ksa ds fy, l qjf{kr gSA fl D[ k foo'k Fks D; ksafd mu ds ?kksM+s pkjs ds fcuk

Hkw[ ks&I; kl s O; kdqy gks jgs FksA fl D[ kksa us pkjs ds nke cgqr c<+k dj nsus dk i zLrko j[ kk

fdUrq ?kkl ds Lokeh fdl h dher i j l ger ugha gq,A bl i j dqN t okuksa us cyi woZd

?kkl mBk fy; k vkSj ?kksM+ksa dks Mky fn; kA bl i zdkj dgk l quh gks xbZ vkSj muds i {k

esa ogk¡ ds fuokl h bDV~Bs gks x; sA ckr c<+ xbZ ft l l s Hk; adj >xM+k gks x; kA ns[ krs gh

ns[ krs ryokjsa E; ku l s ckgj vk xbZa vkSj bl NksVh l h ckr i j jDr i kr gks x; kA bl

>xM+s esa dqN cgqewY; t hou u"V gks x; kA t c ; g ckr xq:nso t h dks ekywe gqbZ rks

og cgqr : "V gq,A mUgksaus fcuk dkj.k cy i z; kx djus ds fy, fl D[ kksa dks MkaV yxkbZ

jkt uwrkus l s ykSV dj xq:nso egkjk"Vª dh vksj c<+us yxsA ' kkgh l suk Hkh xq:nso ds

dkfQys l s dqN nwjh i j vkxs c<+ jgh Fkh] uoZnk unh ds fdukjs ?kkl ds eSnku esa fl D[ kksa

ds ?kksM+s ?kkl pj jgs Fks] ogh i kl esa ' kkgh l suk ds ?kksM+s Hkh i gq¡p x; s vkSj mUgksaus eSnku

i j fu;U=k.k dj fy; kA fl D[ kksa us bl ckr i j vki fÙk dh fdUrq pkjs dh deh ds

dkj.k l jdkjh l Sfudksa us gB/ ehZ fn[ kkbZA ckr c<+ xbZ vkSj >xM+k Hk; adj : i / kj.k

dj x; kA dqN fl D[ kksa us xq:nso t h dks bl ckr dh l wpuk nhA mUgksaus HkkbZ eku fl a?k

t h dks nksuksa i {kksa dks l e>k&cq>k dj ' kkUr djus dks Hkst kA HkkbZ t h us ,sl k gh fd; k

fdUrq ,d ' kkgh l Sfud us mudks xksyh ekj nhA ;g l Sfud fl D[ k l Sfudksa l s bZ"; kZ

djrk FkkA i gys ; g l Sfud dHkh vkuUni qj rFkk pedkSj ds ; q¼ksa esa fl D[ kksa ds fo:¼




228228

; q¼ yM+ pqdk FkkA vdLekr~ okj esa HkkbZ t h l EHky ugha i k, vkSj ogha ' kjhj R; kx

fn; kA bl nq?kZVuk dh xq:nso us ckn'kkg dks f' kdk; r dhA ckn'kkg cgknqj ' kkg us rqjUr

ml l Sfud dks n.M nsus ds fy, xq:nso ds l e{k i zLrqr fd; k fdUrq xq:nso us ml s ; g

dg dj {kek dj fn; k fd fo| krk dh ;gh bPNk FkhA fdUrq xq:nso dks HkkbZ eku fl a?k

t h ds fu/ u i j cgqr ' kkSd gqvkA

ek/ ks nkl oSjkxh

cUnk fl a?k cgknqj dk t Ue 16 vDVwcj 1670 bZú dks t Eew ds i qaN ft ys ds

,d xk¡o jt kSjh esa gqvkA mudk cpi u dk uke yNeu nkl FkkA muds fi rk jkenso

jkt i wr Mksxjs LFkkuh; t ehankj FksA ft l dkj.k vki ds i kl / u&l Ei nk dk vHkko u

FkkA vki us vi us csVs yNeu nkl dks fjokt ds vuql kj ?kqM+l okjh] f' kdkj [ ksyuk]

dqf' r ; k¡ vkfn ds djrc fl [ kyk,a fdUrq f' k{kk i j fo' ks"k è; ku ugha fn; kA

vHkh yNeu nkl dk cpi u l ekIr gh gqvk Fkk vkSj ; kSou esa i nki Z.k gh fd; k

Fkk fd vpkud ,d ?kVuk muds t hou esa vl k/ kj.k i fjorZu ys vkbZA ,d ckj

mUgksaus ,d fgjuh dk f' kdkj fd; kA ft l ds i sV esa l s nks cPps fudys vkSj rM+i dj ej

x; sA bl ?kVuk us yNeunkl ds eu i j xgjk i zHkko Mkyk vkSj og v'kkar l s jgus yx

x; kA ekufl d ruko l s NqVdkjk i kus ds fy, os l k/ q l axr esa jgus yx x; sA ,d ckj

t kudh i zl kn uked l k/ q jkt kSjh esa vk; kA yNeunkl us ml ds l e{k vi us eu dh

cspSuh dh O; Fkk crkbZ Rkks t kudh nkl ml s vi us l ax ykgkSj uxj vi us vkJe ys vk; k

t gk¡ ml us yNeu nkl dk uke ek/ ks nkl j[ k fn; kA t kudh nkl dks Hk; Fkk fd

t ehankj jkenso vi us i q=k dks [ kkst rk ; gk¡ u vk t k; s fdUrq yNeu nkl vFkok

ek/ ks nkl dh eu dh HkVduk l ekIr ugha gqbZA vr% og ' kkfUr dh [ kkst esa t qVk jgkA

ykgkSj uxj ds fudV dl wj {ks=k esa l u~ 1686 bZLoh dh oS'kkl h ds esys i j mUgksaus ,d

vkSj l k/ q jkenkl dks vi uk xq: / kj.k fd; k vkSj og ml l k/ q ds l kFk nf{k.k Hkkjr

dh ; k=kk i j pys x; sA cgqr l s rhFkksZa dh ; k=kk dh fdUrq ' kk'or Kku dgha i zkIr u

gqvkA bl chp i apoVh esa ml dk esy ,d ; ksxh vkS?kM+ukFk ds l kFk gqvkA ;g ; ksxh




229229

½f¼; ksa&fl f¼; ksa rFkk rkaf=kd fo| k t kuus ds dkj.k cgqr i zfl f¼ i j FkkA t U=k&eU=k

rFkk ; ksx fo| k l h[ kus dh Hkkouk l s ek/ ksnkl us bl ; ksxh dh [ kwc l sok dhA ft l l s

i zl Uu gksdj vkS?kM+ ukFk us ; ksx ds xw<+ l k/ uk,a o t knw ds Hksn ml dks fl [ kk fn; sA

; ksxh dh eR; q ds i ' pkr~ ek/ ksnkl us xksnkojh unh ds rV i j uansM+ uxj esa ,d

je.khd LFky i j vi uk u; k vkJe cuk; kA ; gk¡ ek/ ks nkl us ½f¼&fl f¼ vFkok

t U=k&eU=k dh peRdkjh ' kfDr ; k¡ fn[ kk dj t u&l k/ kj.k dks i zHkkfor fd; kA ft l l s

LFkkuh; yksx ml dh ekU; rk djus yxs vkSj dqN ,d ml ds f' k"; cu x; sA ft l l s

ek/ ksnkl vfHkekuh gks x; kA og i zR; sd dk; Z vi us LokFkZ ds fy, djus yxkA ml s

i jksi dkj dk ekxZ Hkwy x; kA vr% og yksd HkykbZ ds fy, dqN Hkh u dj i k; k cfYd

vi uh vkfRed ' kfDr dk i zn'kZu djds yksxksa dks Hk; Hkhr djus yxk ft l l s yksx

vfHk'kki ds Hk; l s / u vFkok vko' ; d l kexzh bR; kfn vkJe esa i gq¡pkus yxsA ; fn

dksbZ vU; l k/ q bl {ks=k esa vkrk rks ek/ ks nkl ml dk vi eku djds ml s ogk¡ l s Hkxk

nsrkA bl ckr dh ppkZ nwj nwj rd gksus yxh fd ek/ ksnkl r i Loh vfHkekuh vkSj gBh

i zofÙk dk gS] og vU; l Urksa dh f[ kYyh mM+krk gSA xq:nso us bl pqukSrh dks Lohdkj

fd; k vkSj ml ds vkJe esa t kdj ml s yydkjus ds fopkj l s vkJe dh e; kZnk ds

foi jhr vi us f' k"; ksa dks dk; Z djus dk vkns'k fn; kA

ek/ ksnkl l s cank cgknqj

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h nf{k.k Hkkjr esa xqjefr dk i zpkj djus ds fy,

fopj.k djus ds fopkj l s vkxs c<+ jgs Fks fd egkjk"Vª ds LFkkuh; yksxksa us xq:nso dks

crk; k fd xksnkojh unh ds rV i j ,d oSjkxh l k/ q jgrk gS ft l us ; ksx l k/ uk ds cy

l s cgqr l h ½f¼&fl f¼ i zkIr dh gqbZ gSaA ft udk i z; ksx djds og vU; egki q: "kksa dh

g¡l h mM+krk gSA bl i zdkj og cgqr vfHkekuh i zofÙk dk Lokeh cu x; k gSA ; g Kkr

gksus i j xq:nso ds ân; esa bl papy i zofÙk ds l k/ q dh i jh{kk ysus dh ft Kkl k mRi Uu

gqbZA vr% og ukunsM+ uxj ds ml je.khd LFky i j i gq¡ps] t gk¡ bl oSjkxh l k/ q dk

vkJe FkkA fdUrq vdLekr~ ; g l k/ q vi us vkJe esa ugha Fkk] m| ku esa r i l k/ uk esa




230230

yhu FkkA l k/ q ds f' k"; ksa us xq:nso dk f' k"Vkpkj l s l Eeku ugha fd; kA bl fy, xq:nso: "V gks x; s vkSj mUgksaus vi us l sodksa (fl D[ kksa) dks vkns'k fn; k fd ; gha rqjUr Hkkst urS; kj djksA bl dk; Z ds fy, ; gha vkJe esa cdjs HkVdk MkyksA vkns'k dk i kyu fd; kx; kA cdjksa dh gR; k ns[ kdj oSjkxh l k/ q ds f' k"; ckS[ kyk x; s fdUrq os vi us dksvl eFkZ vkSj foo'k vuqHko dj jgs FksA fl D[ kksa us muds vkJe dks cykr vi usfu; U=k.k esa ys fy; k Fkk vkSj xq:nso Lo; ¡ oSjkxh l k/ q ds i yax i j fojkt eku gksdjvkns'k ns jgs FksA oSjkxh l k/ q ds f' k"; vi uk l eLr ½f¼&fl f¼ dk cy i z; ksx djjgs Fks ft l l s cykr fu; U=kdkfj; ksa dk vfu"V fd; k t k l ds fdUrq og cgqr cqjh r jgl s foQy gq,A mudh dksbZ Hkh peRdkjh ' kfDr dke ugha vkbZA mUgksaus vUr esa vki usxq: oSjkxh l k/ q ek/ ksnkl dks l Uns'k Hkst k fd dksbZ rst Loh rFkk i jkdehZ i q: "k vkJeesa i / kjs gSa ft udks i jkLr djus ds fy, geus vi uk l eLr ; ksx cy i z; ksx djds ns[ kfy; k gS i jUrq ge l Qy ugha gq,A vr% vki Lo; ¡ bl dfBu l e; esa gekjk usrÙodjsaA l ans'k i krs gh ek/ ksnkl oSjkxh vi us vkJe i gq¡pkA ,d vkxUrqd dks vi us i yax(vkl u) i j cSBk ns[ kdj] vi uh vykSfdd ' kfDr ; ksa }kjk i yax myVokus dk i z; Rufd; k i jUrq xq:nso i j bu peRdkjh 'kfDr ; ksa dk dksbZ i zHkko u gksrk ns[ k]ek/ ks nklt ku x; k fd ; g rks dksbZ i w.kZ i q: "k gSa] l k/ kj.k O; fDr ughaA ml us ,d nf"V xq:nsodks ns[ kk & uwjkuh psgjk vkSj fuHkZ; O; fDrA ml us cgqr fouezrk l s xq:nso i j i z'ufd; k & vki dkSu gSa\ xq:nso us mÙkj esa dgk & eSa ogh gw¡ ft l s rw t kurk gS vkSjyEcs l e; l s i zrh{kk dj jgk gSA

ek/ ksnkl & rHkh ek/ ksnkl vUreqZ[ k gks x; k vkSj vUr%dj.k esa >k¡dus yxkAdqN l e; i ' pkr~ l qpsr gqvk vkSj cksyk & vki xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h rks ugha\

xq:nso & rqeus Bhd i gpkuk gS eSa ogh gw¡A

ek/ ks nkl & vki b/ j dSl s i / kjs\ cM+h eu dh bPNh Fkh fd vki ds n'kZud: ¡ fdUrq dksbZ l a; ksx gh ugha cu i k; k fd i ¡t kc dh ; k=kk i j t kÅ¡A vki us cgqr di kdh t ks esjs ân; dh O; Fkk t kudj Lo; ¡ i / kjs gSaA

xq:nso & ge rqEgkjs i zse ds ck¡/ s pys vk; s gSa vU; Fkk b/ j gekjk dksbZ vU;

dk; Z ugha FkkA




231231

ek/ ks nkl & eSa vki dk cank gw¡A eq>s vki l sok crk,a vkSj og xq: pj.kksa esa

n.M~or i z.kke djus yxkA

xq:nso & ml dh fouezrk vkSj Lusg'khy Hkk"kk l s ea=keqX/ gks x; sA ml s mBkdj

daB l s yxk; k vkSj vkns'k fn; k & ; fn rqe gekjs cans gks rks fQj l ¡l kj l s fojfDr

D; ksa\ t c et +gc ds t uwu esa funksZ"k yksxksa dh gR; k dh t k jgh gks] vcks/ ckydksa

rd dks nhokjksa esa fpUuk t k jgk gks rks vki t Sl s rst Loh gfFk; kj R; kx dj fojDr cu

t k; sa rks l ekt esa vU; k; vkSj vR; kpkj ds fo:¼ vkokt dkSu cqyan djsxk\ ; fn rqe

esjs cans dgykuk pkgrs gks rks rqEgsa l ekt ds i zfr mÙkjnkf; Ùo fuHkkrs gq, dÙkZO; i jk; .k

cuuk gh gksxk D; ksafd esjk y{; l ekt esa HkzkrÙo mRi Uu djuk gSA ; g rHkh l EHko

gks l drk gS t c LokFkhZ] vR; kpkjh vkSj l ekt fojks/ h rÙo dk neu fd; k t k; sA vr%

esjs cans rks ryokj ds / uh vkSj vU; k; dk eq¡g rksM+us dk l adYi djus okys gSaA ; g

l e; l ¡l kj l s Hkkx dj ,dkUr esa cSBus dk ugha gSA rqEgkjs t Sl s ohj vkSj cfy"B ; ks¼k

dks ; fn vi us i zk.kksa dh vkgqfr Hkh nsuh i M+s rks pwduk ugha pkfg, D; ksafd og cfynku

?kksj r i L; k l s vf/ d Qynk; d gksrk gSA

ek/ ksnkl us i qu% fourh dh fd eSa vki dk cank cu pqdk gw¡A vki dh i zR; sd

vkKk esjs fy, l oksZÙke gSA ml us dgk & eSa HkVd x; k FkkA vc eSa t ku x; k gw¡] eq>s

t hou pfj=k l s l Ur vkSj dÙkZO; l s fl i kgh gksuk pkfg,A vki us esjk ekxZn'kZu djds

eq>s dÙkkFkZ fd; k gS ft l l s eSa vi uk Hkfo"; mTt oy djrk gqvk vi uh i zfrHkk dk

i fjp; ns i km¡xkA

xq:nso ek/ ks nkl ds t hou esa ØkfUr ns[ kdj i zl Uu gq, vkSj mUgksaus ml s

xq:nh{kk nsdj ver i ku djk; k ft l l s ek/ ksnkl ds'k/ kjh fl a?k cu x; kA i k¡p I; kjksa us

ek/ ksnkl dk uke i fjofrZr djds xq:c[ ' k fl a?k j[ k fn; kA i jUrq og vi us vki dks

xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dk cUnk gh dgykrk jgkA bl h fy, bfrgkl esa og cank cgknqj

ds uke l s i zfl ¼ gqvkA

xq:nso dks ek/ ksnkl (cank cgknqj) esa eqx+yksa dks i jkLr djus okyk vi uk Hkkoh

mÙkjkf/ dkjh fn[ kkbZ ns jgk FkkA vr% ml s bl dk; Z ds fy, i zf' k{k.k fn; k x; k vkSj xq:




232232

bfrgkl ] xq: e; kZnk l s i w.kZr% voxr djk; k x; kA fnuksa esa gh ml us ' kL=k fo| k dk i qu%

vH; kl djds fQj l s i zoh.krk i zkIr dj yhA t c l Hkh rS; kfj; k¡ i w.kZ gks pqdh rks xq:nso

us ml s vkns'k fn; k & dHkh xq: i n dks / kj.k ugha djuk] ; rh jguk vFkkZr fookg

cU/ u esa er Q¡l ukA vU; Fkk y{; l s pwd t kvksxsA i k¡p I; kjksa dh vkKk ekudj l eLr

dk; Z djukA cank cgknqj us bu mi ns'kksa ds l Eeq[ k ' kh'k >qdk fn; kA rHkh xq:nso us ml s

vi uh [ kM+x (ryokj) ml s i guk nhA fdUrq fl D[ k bl dk; Z l s : "V gks x; sA mudh

ekU; rk Fkh fd xq:nso dh di k.k (ryokj) i j mudk vf/ dkj gS] og fdl h vkSj dks

ugha nh t k l drhA mUgksaus rdZ j[ kk fd ge vki ds l kFk l nSo Nk; k dh r jg jgs gSa t c

fd ; g dy dk ; ksxh vkt l eLr vewY; fuf/ dk Lokeh curk t k jgk gSA

xq:nso us bl l R; dks Lohdkj fd; kA [ kM+x ds fodYi esa xq:nso t h us ml s

vi us r jd' k esa l s i k¡p rhj fn; s vkSj opu fd; k t c dHkh foi fÙkdky gks rHkh budk

i z; ksx djuk rqjUr l Qyrk feysxhA vk'khokZn fn; k vkSj dgk & t k ft ruh nsj rw

[ kkyl k i aFk ds fu; eksa i j dk; e jgsxkA xq: rsjh j{kk djsxkA rqEgkjk y{; nq"Vksa dk

uk'k vkSj nhuksa dh fu"dke l sok gS] bl l s dHkh fopfyr ugha gksukA cUnk fl a?k cgknqj

us xq:nso dks opu fn; k fd og l nSo i ap I; kjksa dh vkKk dk i kyu djsxkA xq:nso

us vi us dj&deyksa l s fyf[ kr gqDeukes fn; s t ks i ¡t kc esa fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa cl us okys

fl D[ kksa ds uke Fks ft l esa vkns'k Fkk fd og l Hkh cUnk fl a?k dh l suk esa l fEefyr gks

dj nq"Vksa dks i jkLr djus ds vfHk; ku esa dk; Zjr gks t k,a vkSj l kFk gh cUnk fl a?k dks

[ kkyl s dk t RFksnkj fu; qDr djds cgknqj* f[ krkc nsdj fuokt k vkSj i k¡p I; kjksa &

HkkbZ fouksn fl ag] HkkbZ dkgu fl ag] HkkbZ ckt fl ag] HkkbZ j.k fl ag vkSj jke fl ag dh

vxqokbZ esa i ¡t kc Hkst kA ml s fu'kku l kgc (>aMk) uxkM+k vkSj ,d l Sfud VqdM+h Hkh nhA

ft l s ysdj og mÙkjHkkjr dh vksj py i M+kA

bl i zdkj cank fl a?k cgknqj us vi uk vkJe vkSj fojDr t hou l nk ds fy,

R; kx fn; kA ml us i ¡t kc esa vkdj fl D[ kksa dh cM+h l suk rS; kj dh vkSj xq: ?kj i j

vR; kpkj djus okys ykgkSj] l jfgUn] fnYyh ds l wcsnkjksa ( jkT; i kyksa) rFkk i oZrh;

ujs' kksa] eqx+y l suki fÙk; ksa dks pqu pqu dj i jkLr fd; k vkSj mfpr n.M fn; kA cank fl a?k




233233

dh l suk rwQku dh r jg ft / j c<+rh] vi us ' k=kqvksa dks t M+&ewy l s m[ kkM+ dj feêðh

esa feykrh pyh t krhA xq:nso ds vk'khokZn l s cank fl a?k us os l Hkh v/ wjs ; q¼ i wjs fd, ]

ft u esa ' k=kq dks n.M nsuk ' ks"k jg x; k FkkA xq:nso dks vkuUni qj esa feF; k dLeksa l s

Nyus okys jkt kvksa vkSj eqx+y l suki fr ; ksa dks cank fl a?k us [ kwc l cd fl [ kk; kA l R; rks

; g gS fd xq: di k l s cank fl a?k us i ¡t kc ds bfrgkl dk eq[ k gh eksM+ fn; kA

r Eckd w d k fu"ks/

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h f' kdkj [ ksyus ds fopkj l s vi us ; ks¼kvksa dks ysdj

uansM+ ds ,d t ¡xy dh vksj t k jgs Fks fd jkLrs esa ,d xk¡o i M+rk FkkA ; gk¡ l s fofp=k

l h nqxZU/ vk jgh FkhA bl nqxZU/ ds dkj.k xq:nso ds ?kksM+s us vkxs c<+uk cUn dj

fn; kA vki us ?kksM+s dks ,sM+ yxkbZ vkSj pkcqd Hkh ekjk fdUrq ?kksM+k vkxs ugha c<+kA xq:nso

us rqjUr fl D[ kksa dks vkns'k fn; k fd og vkxs t k dj ns[ ks fd D; k dkj.k gS t ks gekjk

?kksM+k vkxs pyus dks rS; kj gh ugha gSA rqjUr vkns'k dk i kyu fd; k x; kA xk¡o l s ogk¡

ds fuokfl ; ksa dks cqyk fy; k x; kA xk¡o ds eqf[ k; k us xq:nso dks ueLdkj fd; k vkSj

fourh djus yxk & gs xq:nso t h ! ge fdl ku ; gk¡ dsoy rEckdw dh [ ksrh djrs gSa]

ft l l s nqxZU/ vkrh gS fdUrq D; k djsaA ; g Ql y gesa vU; Ql yksa l s dgha vf/ d ykHk

nsrh gSA oSl s ge t kurs gSa fd ; g i nkFkZ l ekt ds fgr esa ugha fdUrq vk; ds l k/ u ds

dkj.k foo'krk ds dkj.k bl fo"kSys i nkFkZ dk mRi knu djuk i M+rk gh gS D; ksafd

gekjh bl ds l kFk t hfodk l EcU/ j[ krh gSA

xq:nso us ml dh ckr / S; Z l s l quh vkSj dgk & ; fn vki l ekt ds fgr dk

è; ku j[ kdj FkksM+h l h ykyp R; kx nsa rks cgqr l h l kekft d cqjkb; ksa l s cpk t k l drk

gS D; ksafd ; g rEckdw rhu ' kfDr ; ksa dk fouk'k djrk gS] ' kkjhfjd] ekufl d rFkk

vkfRedA 'kjhj dks i zR; {k vkSj vi zR; {k dbZ jksx yx t krs gSaA efLr"d dh psru

'kfDr nqcZy gks t krh gS vkSj vkRefo'okl l s O; fDr dksbZ mfpr fu.kZ; ugha ys l drkA

rEckdw l sou l s vkt rd fdl h dks dksbZ ykHk gksrs ugha ns[ kk x; k bl ds foi jhr

vkfFkZd {kfr cgqr cM+h gksrh gSA bl i zdkj / u ds nq: i ; ksx l s O; fDr l ekt esa fi NM+




234234

t krk gSA rEckdw ds mi ; ksx l s t gk¡ okrkoj.k nwf"kr gksrk gS] ogk¡ O; fDr ds eq¡g l s

nqxZU/ vkrh gSA bl ds vfr fjDr rEckdw ds l sou djus okyksa dh yki jokgh l s cgqr l s

LFkkuksa i j Hk; adj vfXudk.M gks t krs gSa ft l l s djksM+ksa dh l Ei fÙk u"V gks t krh gSA ; g

foosd'khy fopkj l qudj xk¡o dk eqf[ k; k cksyk & xq:nso ! vki Bhd gh dgrs gSaA

l ekt esa t kxfr ykbZ t kuh pkfg, vkSj rEckdw dks l ekt esa l s fu"ks/ djus dk

vfHk; ku pyk; k t kuk pkfg,A ; fn ,sl k l EHko gS rks ge mRi knu cUn dj nsaxsA bl

i zdkj xq:nso ogk¡ l s okfi l ykSV dj nwl js yEcs jkLrs l s f' kdkj [ ksyus ds fy, pys x; sA

l g; k d k f' kd kj

Jh xksfcUn fl a?k t h vi us l Sfudksa esa l nSo ' kkS; Z vkSj l kgl h dk; Z djus ds

vH; kl djokrs jgrs FksA bl dk; Z ds fy, og cM+s t hoksa ds f' kdkj [ ksyus ds djrc

dks cgqr egÙo nsrs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd f'kdkj djus ds vfHk; ku esa i zR; sd

i zdkj dk ; q¼ dkS'ky l h[ kk t k l drk gSA vr% og f' kdkj djus dk dksbZ Hkh vol j

ugha pwdrs FksA ,d fnu cgqr cM+h l a[ ; k esa l Sfudksa dks ysdj vki t h f' kdkj dks

fudys fdUrq cM+k f'kdkj gkFk ugha vk; kA dkQh [ kkst chu ds i ' pkr~ vki ds l e{k ,d

l g; k fudyk t ks ns[ krs gh ns[ krs >kfM+; ksa esa vks>y gks x; kA xq:nso t h dHkh Hkh fdl h

NksVs t ho dk f' kdkj ugha djrs Fks fdUrq ml fnu vki t h us l g; k ds i hNs ?kksM+k yxk

fny; k vkSj ml dks uxkjs dh Hk; Hkhr vkokt ksa l s Mjk dj >kfM+; ksa vFkok i Fkjhyh

ÅcM+&[ kkcM+ Hkwfe l s ckgj fudkyk rFkk ml dk f' kdkj dj MkykA ml NksVs t ho dks

ns[ kdj cgqr l s fl D[ kksa us i z'u fd; kA xq:nso vki us bl NksVs t ho ds fy, bruk

i fjJe dHkh ugha fd; k ft ruk vkt ] dksbZ fo'ks"k jgL; gS \ mÙkj eas xq:nso t h us

dgk & ; g l g; k i woZ t Ue esa Jh xq: ukud nso t h dk f' k"; Fkk fdUrq l e; ds

vUr jky esa cseq[ k gks x; kA ft l dkj.k bl s dbZ ; ksfu; ksa esa HkVduk i M+k gSA bl us vi us

dY; k.k ds fy, xq: ukud nso t h ds pj.kksa esa i zkFkZuk dh Fkh fd eq> l s Hkwy gqbZ gS

fdUrq esjk m¼kj dc gksxk rks ml l e; xq:nso us opu fd; k Fkk fd ge nl osa t kes

(' kjhj) esa t c gksaxs rks rsjk m¼kj djsaxsA ; g l qudj fl D[ kksa dh ft Kkl k rhoz gks xbZA




235235

mUgksaus xq:nso l s vkxzg fd; k fd ?kVukØe foLrkj l s l qukvksA xq:nso us crk; k fd

L; kydksV esa ,d ewypUn uked O; ki kjh jgrk FkkA i hj get +kxks'k us uxj dk fouk'k

djus ds fy, bcknr djuh i zkjEHk dj nh FkhA bl fouk'k dks jksdus ds fy, xq:

ukud nso t h us get +kxks'k dks fn[ kk; k Fkk fd dqN yksx l R; ekxZ i j pyus okys Hkh

gksrs gSaA t ks l nSo ml i zHkq dh ; kn esa t hou O; rhr djrs vFkok eR;q dks Hkwyrs ughaA

bl fy, mUgksaus HkkbZ ejnkuk t h l s >wB vkSj l p [ kjhn dj ykus dks dgk FkkA t ks fd

bl ewypUn us ,d dkxt + i j fy[ k dj fn; k FkkA ft l dk Hkko Fkk fd euq"; us ejuk

vo' ; gh gSA vr% l ko/ ku gksdj t huk pkfg,A rkfd dksbZ xYr dk; Z u gksA ml

dkxt + ds VqdM+s us get +kxks'k dh l ekt ds i zfr dVqrk l ekIr dj nh FkhA

ekr k l kgc nsoka (d kSj ) d k fnYyh i zLFkku

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h us cank fl a?k cgknqj dks i k¡p I; kjksa ds usrÙo esa nq"Vksa

dks nf.Mr djus ds fy, Hkst fn; kA ml ds i ' pkr~ gh vki us ,d fnu vi uh i Ruh

l kfgcnsoka (dkSj) t h dks l q>ko fn; k fd vki fnYyh okfi l l qUnjh t h ds i kl pyh

t k,aA bl i j mUgksaus cgqr vki fÙk dh vkSj i wNk fd vki , sl k D;ksa dg jgs gSa t c fd

vki t kurs gSa eSa vki dh l sok vkSj n'kZuksa ds fcuk jg ugha l drhA mÙkj esa xq:nso us

mUgsa crk; k fd esjk vfUre l e; fudV gS] eSa t Ynh gh l ¡l kj esa fonk ysus okyk gw¡A ; g

l qudj mudks cgqr vk?kkr gqvk fdUrq mUgksaus i z'u fd; kA vki rks LoLFk ; qokoLFkk esa

gSa vkSj vHkh vki dh vk; q D; k gS\ mÙkj esa xq:nso us mudks jgL; crkk; kA i zdfr ds

fu; eksa vuql kj l eLr ' kjhj/ kfj; ksa dks ,d u ,d fnu l ¡l kj R; kx dj i jyksd xeu

djuk gh gksrk gS] Hkys gh og i jkdehZ i q: "k gks vFkok pØorhZ l ezkV] vr% bl fu; e

ds c¡/ s gesa t kuk gh gSA bl esa vYi vk; q] nh?kZ vk; q dk i z'u ugha mBrkA t c 'okl ksa

dh i wat h l ekIr gksrh gS rks dksbZ dkj.k i zdfr cuk nsrh gSA fdUrq l kgcnsoka t h bl

mÙkj l s l arq"V ugha gqbZA og fQj l s i wNus yxh fd vki ds ' kjhj R; kxus dk D; k

dkj.k gksxk\ bl i j xq:nso us mUgsa l e>krs gq, dgk & esjs l kFk ,d nq?kZVuk gksus

okyh gS cl ogh dkj.k gh esjs fy, okfi l i zHkq esa foyhu gksus ds fy, i ; kZIr gksxk fdUrq




236236

Hkkoqdrk esa l kgc nsoka t h us i qu% i z'u fd; kA vki rks l eFkZ i q: "k gSaA bl vugksuh dks

Vkyk ugha t k l drk vFkok bl ds l e; esa i fjorZu ugha fd; k t k l drkA mÙkj esa

xq:nso us dgk & i zdfr ds dkeksa esa gLrk{ksi djuk mfpr ugha gksrk Hkys gh ;g gekjs

fy, l EHko gS fdUrq gesa i zdfr ds fu; eksa ds vuql kj gksuk gh ' kksHkk nsrk gSA mnkgj.k

ds fy, }ki j ; qx esa Jh d".k t h t kurs Fks fd mudh gR; k ,d f' kdkjh }kjk Hkwy l s

dh t k,xh fdUrq og ml ds fy, rS; kj Fks vkSj l kekU; cus jgsA Bhd bl h i zdkj ge

i zHkq yhyk esa fopj.k djrs gq, 'kjhj R; kxsxsaA mu fnuksa i ¡t kc l s ckck cM~<k t h ds i ksrs

HkkbZ jke dqaoj t h rFkk mudh ekrk xq:nso ds n'kZuksa ds fy, ukansM+ vk; s gq, FksA t c

os i ¡t kc ykSVus yxs rks xq:nso us vi uh i Ruh l kgc nsoka t h dks muds dkfQys ds l kFk

fnYyh Hkst fn; kA

l ezkV }kjk cgqewY; uxhuk HksaV

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks l ezkV cgknqj ' kkg jkt i qrkus l s ykSVrs l e; ukansM+

uxj esa feyus vk; kA ml l e; xq:nso xksnkojh unh ds rV i j ,d je.khd LFky i j

foJke dj jgs FksA cgknqj' kkg us xq:nso dks ,d cgqewY; uxhuk HksaV fd; kA xq:nso

uxhuk ns[ kdj i zl Uu gq, fdUrq dqN gh l e; ds vUr jky esa ml s mBkdj xksnkojh unh

ds xgjs i kuh esa QSad fn; kA ; g ns[ kdj cgknqj' kkg fopfyr gks mBkA og fopkjus yxk

fd ; g Qdhj yksx gSa] bUgksaus vewY; uxhuk ds egÙo dks l e>k gh ugha vkSj og

mnkl gks x; kA eu gh eu l kspus yxk fd eSaus bu csdnz yksxksa dks ; g vn~Hkqr oLrq

D; ksa mi gkj es nhA rHkh xq:nso us ml dk mnkl psgjk ns[ kdj i z'u fd; k fd D; k

uxhuk okfi l pkgrs gks\ ckn'kkg us dgk& gk¡A xq:nso us ml s dgk unh ds i kuh esa

mr j t kvks vkSj ogk¡ l s vi uk uxhuk Nk¡V dj ys vkvksA ckn'kkg us i wNk fd vki dh

ckr dk D; k rkRi ; Z gS\ D; k ogk¡ vkSj Hkh uxhus gSaA xq:nso us dgk & xksnkojh gekjk

[ kt kuk gS] geus rqEgkjh HksaV vi us [ kt kus esa t ek dj nh Fkh fdUrq rqEgsa l ansg gks x; k

gSA vr% Lo; ¡ gh vi us okyk uxhuk pqudj ys vkvksA cgknqj' kkg opu ekudj unh

esa mr jk vkSj unh dh jsr esa vusdksa uxhus ns[ kus yxkA ml us dqN ,d dks i kuh l s ckgj




237237

fudky dj è; ku l s i jh{k.k fd; kA og l Hkh ,d l s ,d c<+ dj l qUnj vkSj vn~Hkqr

FksA ; g vk'p; Zt ud dkSrqgy ns[ kdj LrC/ jg x; k vkSj ml us l Hkh uxhus okfi l unh

esa i qu% QSad fn; s vkSj ykSV dj ckj ckj ueLdkj djus yxkA

/ uq fo| k d h i zfr ; ksfxr k d k vk; kst u

,d fnu ukansM+ esa xq:nso dk njckj l t k gqvk FkkA rHkh l ezkV mu l s vi us

ofj"B vf/ dkfj; ksa l fgr feyus vk; kA xq:nso l s dqN vf/ dkjhx.k vuqjks/ djus

yxs] gs i hj t h ! geus vki dh rhj vankt h dh cgqr efgek l quh gSA gesa Hkh i zR; {k ; g

djrc fn[ kkdj drkFkZ djsaA xq:nso us mudk vuqjks/ Lohdkj djrs gq, ,d fo'kky

i zfr ; ksfxrk ds vk; kst u dh ?kks"k.kk djok nh] ft l esa fofHkUu {ks=kksa ds ; ks¼kvksa dks /

uq fo| k ds t ksgj fn[ kkus dk ' kqHk vol j i znku fd; k t k,xkA cl fQj D;k FkkA

LFkkuh; i z' kkl u dh r jQ l s dqN vPNs rhj vankt ksa dks Hkst k x; kA dqN vkl i kl ds

{ks=kksa l s vkfnokl h Hkh vk; sA dqN l ezkV dh l Sfud VqdfM+; ksa ds t oku Hkh bl

i zfr ; ksfxrk esa Hkkx ysus vk; sA xq:nso us ,d fo'kky eSnku esa fu'kkunsgh djok nh vkSj

y{; Hksnus ds fy, dBi qr fy; k¡ fuf'pr nwjh i j j[ kok nhA fuf'pr l e; i zfr ; ksfxrk

i zkjEHk gqbZ fdUrq nwj ds y{; dks Hksnus esa l Hkh vl Qy gq,A vUr esa xq:nso us nwj ds

y{; dks Hksn dj l Hkh dh ft Kkl k ' kkUr dj nhA bl i zfr ; ksfxrk esa cgqr l s ck.k

pkydksa dks i qjLdr fd; k x; k ft l esa LFkkuh; ' kkl d fQjkst +[ kku dh l suk ds nks

t oku Hkh FksA buds rhj y{; ds yxHkx fudV fxj jgs FksA xq:nso bu i j cgqr i zl Uu

gq, vkSj bu dks i k¡p i k¡p eksgjs (Lo.kZ eqnzk,a) i znku dh vkSj mudk i fjp; i zkIr

fd; kA bu nksuksa l Sfudksa us xq:nso dks crk; k fd og vki l esa HkkbZ gSa t ks fd i ¡t kc ds

i Bku dchyksa l s l EcU/ j[ krs gSa vkSj ml dk uke xqy[ kku rFkk ml ds HkkbZ dk uke

vrkmyk [ k+ku gSA bl i j xq:nso us dgk & rqe fdl h cgqr cM+s ; ks¼k fi rk ds i q=k

i zrhr gksrs gks\ mÙkj esa xqy[ kku us crk; k fd og l Sns[ kku ds l qi q=k vkSj i Sans [ k+ku ds

i ksrs gSa t ks dHkh l eLr ns'k esa ' kwjohj fxuk t krk FkkA ; g l qudj xq:nso us dgk & ogh

rks ugha t ks gekjs nknk t h }kjk j.k{ks=k esa ekj fn; k x; k FkkA og dgus yxs vki us Bhd




238238

i gpkuk] ge ml h ; ks¼s ds i ksrs gSaA gekjs fi rk Hkh l jfgUn ds jkT; i ky dh l suk esa Fks

t ks fd vkuUni qj ds ; q¼ esa vki ds gkFkksa ohj xfr i k x; s gSaA mudh fcuk Nydi V

ds l gt Hkko dk mÙkj l qudj xq:nso cgqr i zl Uu gq, vkSj i wNus yxsA rqedks mudh

eR; q dk dksbZ eyky rks ughaA og cksys & ugha xq:nsoA vki us rks mudks j.k Hkwfe esa

ekjk gS] ohj ; ks¼k ogh gksrk gS] t ks j.k{ks=k esa nks gkFk ns[ krk gS] nks fn[ kkrk gSA bl esa

eyky dSl k\ fQj mUgksaus crk; k fd gekjh ekrk t h gekjs l kFk gSaA og gesa i zk;% crkrh

jgrh gS fd gekjs nknk i Sans [ k+ku dks vki ds nknk Jh xq: gjxksfcUn t h us vi us csVksa

dh r jg i kyk FkkA t c og j.k{ks=k esa xq: t h ds gkFkksa ekjs x; s rks xyrh mUgha dh FkhA

vki i hj yksx gSa vki ds fy, l Hkh ,d l eku gSaA vki fdl h l s ' k=kqrk ugha j[ krsA

bl fy, dbZ ckj ge vki ds i zopu l quus vki ds l Eesyuksa esa vkrs jgrs gSaA xq:nso

l Urq"V gq, vkSj mUgksaus dgk & Bhd gS rqe yksx gekjs ; gk¡ vkrs jgk djks D; ksafd ,d

; ks¼k nwl js ; ks¼k dh dnj djrk gSA bl fy, gekjs fny esa rqEgkjh dnj gSA bl i zdkj

; g nks i ¡t kch i Bku xq:nso ds f' k"; : i esa xq: nso ds fuokl LFky i j vkus t kus yxsA

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h i j ?kkr d vkØe. k

xq:nso bu i at kch i Bku HkkbZ; ksa dks ' kL=k fo| k esa fui q.k djus ds fy, vH; kl

djokrs vkSj fo' ks"k xqj fl [ kkrsA fdUrq ; g l c xq:nso ds fudVorhZ fl D[ kksa dks Hkyk

ugha yxkA HkkbZ n; k fl ag t h us xq:nso dks l rdZ fd; k fd ; g ' k=kq i {k ds O; fDr gSa]

dHkh Hkh vfu"V dj l drs gSaA vki budks c<+kok u nsaA i jUrq xq:nso us mÙkj fn; kA

l c dN ml i zHkq ds fu;e ds vuql kj gh gksrk gSA ge fo/ krk ds dk;ksZa esa gLr{ksi ugha

dj l drs] cl ; gh gekjk fo'okl gSA

,d fnu LFkkuh; i z'kkl u us cdjhn ds R; kSgkj i j ' kL=k fo| k dh i zfr ; ksfxrk

dkvk; kst u fd; kA ft l esa nksuksa i ¡t kch i Bku HkkbZ fot ; h gq,A bu Hkkb;ksa ds i zfr }fU}; ksa

us t ks fd bu l s cgqr bZ"; kZ djrs Fks] LFkkuh; l Sfudksa ds l kFk feydj bu nksuksa i j

cgqr Hkís O; ax fd; s & dgus yxs t ks O; fDr rqEgkjs fi rk&fi rke; dk gR; kjk gS] rqe

ml ds f'k"; gks] rqEgsa rks Mwc ejuk pkfg,A i Bku dgykrs gks vkSj vi us i qj[ kksa dk




239239

cnyk Hkh ugha ys l drs dSl s ; ks¼k gks\ gesa rks rqe ui qal d i zrhr gksrs gks] bR;kfnA ; g

dVk{k bu Hkkb; ksa ds ân; dks Nyuh dj x; kA xqy[ kku bl i zdkj vkos'k esa vk x; k

vkSj og Hkkoqdrk esa ,dkUr dk l e; i kdj xq:nso i j dVkj l s okj dj cSBkA ml

l e; xq:nso foJke eqnzk esa ysVs gh FksA xq:nso us ml h {k.k vi uh di k.k l s xqy[ kku

dks nks VqdM+ksa esa dj fn; kA vkgV i krs gh l ar jh l ko/ ku gqvk vkSj ml us ckgj l s Hkkxrs

gq, xqy[ kku ds NksVs HkkbZ vrkmyk[ kku dks ncksp fy; kA ml us l kjk Hksn crk fn; kA

fdUrq t c fl D[ kksa us xq:nso dk xgjk ?kko ns[ kk rks ekjs Øks/ ds ml s Hkh ogha ml l e;

eR; q n.M ns fn; kA xq:nso ds oL=k jDr jaft r gks x; s Fks rqjUr ' kSY; fpfdRl d (t jkZg)

dks cqyk; k x; kA ml us xq:nso ds ?kko dks l h fn; k vkSj ejge i V~Vh dj nh vkSj i w.kZ

foJke ds fy, i jke'kZ fn; kA ; g l wpuk l ezkV dks Hkh Hkst h xbZ t ks xq:nso dks dqN

fnu i gys gh feydj fnYyh okfi l t k jgk FkkA mfpr mi pkj gksus l s xq:nso dk ?kko

/ hjs / hjs Hkjus yxk vkSj og yXkHkx i qu% LoLFk gks x; s vkSj l k/ kj.k : i esa fopj.k

djus yxsA mUgha fnuksa gSnjkckn ds dqN J¼kyqvksa us xq:nso dks dqN fo'ks"k ' kL=k HksaV

fd; s ft uesa ,d Hkkjh Hkjde / uq"k Hkh FkkA ' kL=k&vL=kksa dh i zn'kZuh yxkbZ xbZA bl

Hkkjh deku dks ns[ kdj dqN n'kZdksa us vk'kadk O; Dr dh fd ; g deku rks dsoy

i zn'kZuh dh oLrq gSA bl dk i z; ksx ugha fd; k t k l drk D; ksafd bl deku dk i z; ksx

djus okys ; ks¼k dk vfLrÙo gh l EHko ughaA

; g ckr l qudj dqN fl D[ kksa us deku i j fpYyk p<+kus dk ckj ckj i z; kl

fd; k fdUrq og vl Qy jgsA ; g ns[ k xq:nso rS'k esa vk x; sA mUgksaus fl D[ kksa l s / uq"k

ys fy; k vkSj ml i j fpYyk p<+k dj t ksj l s [ khapk] ft l dkj.k vf/ d ncko i sV i j

i M+k vkSj muds dPps ?kko [ kqy x; sA jDr rst h l s i zokfgr gksus yxkA ; g vugksuh ns[ k

dj l Hkh Hk; Hkhr gks x; sA i qu% mi pkj ds fy, t jkZg dks rqjUr cqyk; k x; kA ml us ?kko

i qu% l h fn; sA fdUrq xq:nso us dgk fd vc l Hkh i z; kl O; FkZ gSa] vc gekjk vfUre

l e; vk x; k gS vkSj mUgksaus l p[ k.M xeu dh rS; kjh i zkjEHk dj nhA




240240

HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h d k fu/ u

Jh xq: xksfcUn fl a?k t h dks t c ,d xqy[ kku uked i Bku us ?kk; y dj fn; krks l Hkh fl D[ k rqjUr {k.k Hkj esa bDV~Bs gks x; sA HkkbZ n; k fl a?k t h us oS| dks cqyokfy; k] ft l us mi pkj vkjEHk dj fn; k vkSj t jkZg us ?kko fl y fn; kA HkkbZ n; k fl a?k mll e; fudV [ kM+s FksA og xq:nso ds ?kko dks ns[ kdj fl gj mBs] ; g v?kkr l gu ughadj l ds D; ksafd og xq:nso l s vfr Lusg djrs FksA mudks cgqr ' kksd gqvkA og'kkUr fpr xq:nso ds i yax ds fudV gh fojkt x; sA og xEHkhj fpUrk esa Fks fd mudksekufl d vk?kkr gqvk vkSj ml h ds dkj.k mudh ân; xfr : d xbZ vkSj og ' kjhj

R; kx x; sA xq:nso dh vkKk l s mudh vaR; sf"V fØ; k ogh l Ei Uu dj nh xbZA

xzaFk l kgc d ks xq: i noh i znku d h

xq:nso ds vkns'k i j rqjUr nhoku l t k; k x; kA ml l e; xq:nso l s xq:&i jEi jkds vkxs c<+us ds l EcU/ esa i wNk x; kA xq:nso us ogk¡ ,df=kr ' kksdkdqy l axr dksl kaRouk nsrs gq, l e>k; k fd t Sl s euq"; dh eR;q ds ckn Hkh ml dh vkRek cuh jgrhgS] Bhd oSl s gh xq: t uksa ds t kus ds i ' pkr~ Hkh mudh i kou ok.kh mudh vkRek ds: i esa gekjs i kl fo| eku gSA Hkfo"; esa [ kkyl s dks ml h ok.kh l s fn' kk&funsZ'k i zkIrdjus gSa vkSj ' kCn : i esa gh xq: dks i gpkuuk gSA bl i zdkj xq:nso us ml h l e; nenesokyh xzaFk l kgc dh chM+* ( i ksFkh) dk i zdk'k djus ds vkns'k fn; kA Lo; ¡ cgqr / S; ZvkSj 'kkfUr ds l kFk vi us fuokl esa x; sA ogk¡ mUgksaus l kQ&l qFkjh vkSj l qUnj i ks'kkd /kj.k dh] ykSV dj xzaFk l kgc ds l Eeq[ k [ kM+s gksdj l Hkh l axr esa l fEefyr gksdjvdkyi q: "k dks l Ecks/ u dj vjnkl dh vkSj xzaFk l kgc dks n.M~or i z.kke fd; kArn~i 'pkr xq: i jEi jk vuql kj xzaFk l kgc dh pkj i fjØek dh vkSj dqN l kexzh ,dFkky esa j[ k dj xzaFk l kgc dks HksaV fd; kA bl i zdkj l Hkh fof/ or xq: e; kZnk l Ei w.kZdjrs gq, mUgksaus xq: i noh xzaFk l kgc dks ns nhA bl i zdkj xzaFk l kgc dks xq:vkbZ i znku

dj nh xbZ vkSj vkns'k fn; k fd vkt ds i ' pkr~ nsg/ kjh xq: dh i jEi jk l ekIr dh

t krh gSAPrint to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)



241241

• l ekIr •

dqN fl D[ kksa us xq:nso l s i z'u fd; k fd ; fn vki ds n'kZuksa dh vfHkyk"kk gksrks dSl s fd; s t k; sa\ xq:nso us Li "V fd; k fd esjh vkRek xzaFk l kgc esa ' kjhj i aFk esafo| eku jgsxkA fdUrq fl D[ kksa us dqN vkSj foLr r t kuus ds fy, vU; i z'u fd; sA ,dfl D[ k us i z'u fd; k fd l nSo i aFk ds n'kZu dj i kuk dfBu dk; Z gS D; ksafd foi fÙk; ksaesa [ kkyl s dk fey cSB i kuk l EHko ugha yxrkA ,sl s esa vki ds n'kZu dSl s gksaxs\ xq:nsous l ek/ ku crk; k] t gk¡ fodV i fjfLFkfr ; k¡ gks rks dsoy i k¡p I; kjksa ds n'kZu esjs n'kZugksaxsA ; fn ,sl k Hkh l EHko u gks rks Lo; ¡ rS; kj gksdj] i w.kZ ' kL=k / kj.k dj ysuk vkSjni Z.k esa Lo; ¡ dks fugkjuk] esjs n'kZu gksaxsA ; fn fdl h dkj.ko'k gekjh vko' ; drk i M+srks gekjs LFkku i j] i k¡p rS; kj&oj&rS; kj fl D[ k i k¡p I; kjs : i gksdj gekjk i zfr fuf/

Ùo djsaxsA

l p[ k.M xeu

xq:nso us fl D[ kksa dks ,d fo'ks"k rEcw esa fprk rS; kj djus dk vkns'k fn; kA t cfprk rS; kj gks xbZ rks Lo; ¡ fuR; dh HkkfUr vi uk dej&dl l t k; kA / uq"k&ck.kdU/ s i j j[ kk vkSj canwd dks nkfgus gkFk esa i dM+ dj ?kksM+s i j l okj gks x; sA t Sl s f' kdkj[ ksyus pys gks fdUrq mUgksaus l eLr fl D[ kksa dks vfUre ckj okg xq: t h dk [ kkyl k]okg xq: t h dh Qrg* dg dj vfUre fonkbZ yhA fQj ml rEcw dh r jQ py i M+sAt gk¡ mUgksaus vi us fy, fprk l t okbZ gqbZ FkhA rEcw ds vUnj fdl h dks t kus dh vkKkugha nhA ogk¡ ?kksM+s l s mr j dj os vUnj x; sA fl D[ k ' kksd vkSj vk'p; Z esa Mwcs gq, ewfrZdh HkkfUr [ kM+s jgsA xq:nso us l ekf/ yxkbZ vkSj fprk i j ysV x; sA bl r jg osT; ksfr t ksr l ek x,A

t krs gq, dg x; s fd dksbZ mudh ; knxkj u cuok;sA mudh ; kn dk vl yhLFkku rks fl D[ kksa dk ân; gh gksuk pkfg,A fdUrq [ kkyl k muds i jksi dkjksa dks dSl s Hkwy

l drk FkkA ckn esa xq:nso t h dh ; kn esa ,d FkM+k (pcwrjk) cuk fn; k x; kA




qku 0172&2696891] 09988160484 -...

Documents