qarTvelebi wminda miwaze

vaxtang rCeuliSvili

winaTqma

“ra bednierebaa, iyo qristiani”,, - vifiqre wminda miwis mosalocad

Casulma. RvTismSoblis saflavis taZris danaxvisas TiTqos mSrali burTi

gameCxira yelSi, xmas ver viRebdi uCveulo aRelvebisagan. es grZnoba TiTqmis

yvela momlocvels eufleba. - “ra bednierebaa, iyo qarTveli”, - vifiqre ukve

jvris monasterSi Sesulma. qarTvelebs monasteri samyaros centrSi agvigia.

rogorc CvenTvis, wminda gardamocemiTaa cnobili am adgilze amosul

sinanulis xisagan damzadebul jvarze CvenTvis ewama macxovari, ieso qriste.

am jvris gamosaxulebas atarebs dRes yvela qristiani. Aam monasterSi

daasrula sicocxle genialurma SoTa rusTavelma. rac unda Salon misi

freska, uflis wyalobiT, veRarc mis xsovnas da verc mis samSoblos

veRarafers daakleben. Cven xom RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveynis Svilebi varT.

xolo Tu amisi ar gvwams, maSin, saerTod, raRa gvinda wminda miwaze?!

dRes, saqarTvelo eklesiuri aRmSeneblobis tempiT msoflios erT-erTi

lideri qveyanaa. amis dasturia aseulobiT axladaSenebuli eklesia, maT Soris

wminda samebis grandiozuli sakaTedro taZari. uprecedentoa Tanamedrove

msoflios istoriaSi saukuneebis win gamahmadianebuli aWaris mosaxleobis

masobrivi, nebayoflobiTi dabruneba dedaeklesiaSi. aRdga momlocvelobis

mravalsaukunovani tradiciac: aTasobiT qarTvelma qristianma moiloca

palestina, aTonis mTa, sxva wminda adgilebi. beTlemSi gaixsna wminda ninos

qalTa qarTuli monasteri. bibliur qalaq lodSi, sadac wminda giorgia

dakrZaluli, oficialurad gaixsna `qarTuli saxli”, romelic saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesias gadaeca da sadac ukve qarTveli mRvdeli

moRvaweobs. yovelive es keTdeba saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmindesisa da unetaresis, ilia meoris locva-kurTxeviTa da mrevlis

SemowirulobiT.

erT-erTi aseTi Semomwirvelis mamuka jinWaraZis xsovnas eZRvneba es

naSromic. swored misi saxsrebiT SeviZineT beTlemSi is pirveli saxli

saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, sadac dRes wminda ninos monasteri mdebareobs.

wminda miwis mosalocad Casuli yoveli piligrimi aucileblad midis am

monasterSi da amiT pativs miagebs mis naTel xsovnasac. vinaidan aseTia

qtitorTa gamorCeuli bedi, maT mier aSenebul eklesiaSi sanTeli maT

mosaxseniebladac inTeba.

es saxli saukuneebis manZilze wminda miwaze saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis

Sewiruli pirveli qonebaa. Mmisi SeZenis istoria imdenad sainteresoa, rom

calke davurTe am wigns (ix. sarCevi).

2003 wels, qarTvel momlocvelTa jgufma, mama ilias (nasiZe)

xelmZRvanelobiT, ierusalimidan TbilisSi litaniobaze wminda cecxli

CamovitaneT. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac wminda cecxli

gadmosvlisTanave sagangebo TviTmfrinaviT imave dRes, did SabaTs, CamobrZanda

saqarTveloSi. yovelwliurad amas mxolod berZnebi akeTeben sagangebo

samxedro TviTmfrinaviT. maSin es pirvelad qarTvelebma da rusebmac vcadeT.

kaTalikos-patriarqma im wels swored ierusalimidan Camotanili wminda

cecxliT daloca eri saaRdgomod. Cveni es pirveli delegacia sul 27

kacisagan Sedgeboda da erT patara TviTmfrinavSi moTavsda. 2006 wels ki oTxi

didi boingiT Cavidnen qarTveli piligrimebi ierusalimSi aRdgomis

dResaswaulze, magram yvela msurveli TviTmfrinavebma mainc ver daitia. wels

kidev ufro meti qarTveli piligrimi miemgzavreba wmida miwaze. swored es aris

saqarTvelos sulieri da materialuri aRorZinebis yvelaze utyuari

maCvenebeli.

me, romelmac uflis wyalobiT ramdenjerme moviloce wminda adgilebi,

Tavs ufleba miveci, es samaxsovro wigni momemzadebina wminda miwis qarTvel

momlocvelTaTvis. Tavis droze israelSi Cvens mcirericxovan momlocvelTa

jgufs megzuroba gauwies

qarTvelma monazonma deda evgeniam da dekanoz petre kenWoSvilis cnobilma

wignma - `mogzauroba wm. qalaq ierusalimsa da wm. aTonis mTaze~. cxadia,

aTasobiT adamians aseTi megzuri ver eyoleba, Tundac imis gamo, rom

kenWoSvilis wigni ukve bibliografiuli iSviaTobaa, erTi saukunis winaa

dawerili da sakmaod sqeltaniania. Tumca winamdebare naSroms,

garkveulwilad, sainformacio - saganmanaTleblo funqcia aqvs, amitomMme

uwinaresad im momentebze gavamaxvile yuradReba, rac adre ar vicodi da

Tavadac damainteresa. rogorc axalbeda avtors, gTxovT, momitevoT da Zalian

mkacrad nu ganmsjiT. miTumetes, rom Cemi namdvili mizani ara megzuroba,

aramed saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis ierusalimis gadamwyveti rolisa da

mniSvnelobis Sexsenebaa, raTa erTi mxriv, male davbrundeT wminda miwaze,

xolo meore mxriv, ukeT gaverkveT, Tu vin varT Cven, qarTvelebi, Tu romeli

civilizaciis Svilebi varT. saqme is gaxlavT, rom msoflio istoria es

civilizaciebis istoriaa. kacobrioba iyofa civilizaciebad. civilizaciebi

yovelTvis epaeqrebian erTmaneTs, cdiloben ra Tavisi faseulobebisa da

cxovrebis wesis upiratesobebis damtkicebas, zogjer ki sxvebisaTvis iZulebiT

Tavs moxvevas. civilizaciis ganmsazRvreli faqtori ki uwinaresad religiaa.

Damitom uwodeben dasavlur civilizacias xSirad ebraul-qristianuls, rusul

civilizacias - marTlmadideblurs, afro-aziur civilizacias - muslimanurs,

indur civilizacias - induisturs, Cinurs - konfucianurs, laTinuri amerikis

religiur kuTvnilebaze Tavad saxelic migvaniSnebs, magaliTad, braziliis

mosaxleobis 95 % kaTolike, anu laTini qristiania. yoveli xalxi Tavad

gansazRvravs, Tu romeli civilizaciis Svilia da Semdgom am arCevanze

pasuxismgeblobasac Tavad tvirTulobs. marTlmadideblur ruseTsa da

muslimanur irans Soris arCevanis gakeTeba CvenTvis SedarebiT martivi iyo.

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, erekle mefis gza im droisaTvis erTaderTi swori gza iyo,

Tumca erekle maSinve eZebda pirdapir gzas evropisaken, magram UuSedegod. dRes

arCevani ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris gvaqvs, rac bevrad ufro rTulia, imitom,

rom religiurad, ruseTis msgavsad, marTlmadi-debluri qveyana varT. arCevani

Tavad ruseTma gagvimartiva, samwuxarod, daadga ra aRa-mahmad-xanis, anu urCi

qarTvelebis dasjis gzas. aseT pirobebSi marTlmadideblurma saberZneTma,

kviprosma, bulgareTma, rumineTma da serbeTmac ki ukve gaakeTes Tavisi arCevani

evropis sasargeblod, amasTan marTlmadideblobac SeinarCunes. amavdroulad,

dasavlur civilizaciaSi ebrauli elementic gamokveTilia, xolo ebraelebTan

qarTvelebs saukuneebis manZilze gansakuTrebulad Tbili urTierToba

Camogviyalibda. dResac israeli axlo aRmosavleTSi saqarTvelos strategiul

partniorad moiazreba.A amitomac Cveni erisaTvis am metad mniSvnelovan

gzajvaredinze winsvlis swori gza unda avirCioT. amisaTvis ki ierusalimze

sulier orientacias, Cemi azriT, udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia.

israelis STambeWdavi warmatebebi axali teqnologiebis danergvaSi gvarwmunebs,

rom WeSmariti mecniereba da religia bunebrivi mokavSireebi arian qveynisa da

eris ayvavebis saqmeSi. amitomac didia

uwmindesis survili, danergos israelis mowinave gamocdileba Tundac

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaSi. saerTod, gazardos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis roli qveynis socialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. rogorc yoveli

misi wamowyeba, esec did sikeTes moutans saqarTvelos.

amasTan erTad ierusalimi muslimanuri civilizaciis erT-erTi

centricaa. dRes muslimanebis raodenoba msoflioSi miliard-naxevars, anu

mosaxleobis 25 %-s aRwevs. Qqristianebis raodenobac daaxloebiT 1,5-2

miliardi adamiania, anu 25-30%. Ee.i. msoflios mosaxleobis naxevarze

metisaTvis ierusalimi sulieri centria. marTalia, ebraelebi raodenobrivad

muslimanebis an qristianebis naxevar procentsac ki ar Seadgenen (sul 13 mln.

adamiani), msoflioSi finansuri da politikuri gavleniT isini namdvilad

aravis CamorCebian. dameTanxmebiT, rom Tanamedrove adamianma kargad unda

icodes, ara marto Tavisi religiis, aramed sxva religiebis istoriac,

miTumetes, rodesac isini mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben msoflioSi. Cven ki

kargad qristianobis istoriac ki ar viciT, rom araferi vTqvaT islamze da

iudaizmze. ierusalimSi mogzauroba dagvexmareba maT ukeT gagebaSi.cxadia,

yvelaferi rodi mogewoneba kacs israelSi. amitomac minda, gavafrTxilo yvela

axalbeda piligrimi, rom ierusalimSi sakmaod daZabuli mdgomareobaa. aq ar

vgulisxmob marto ebraul-arabul konfliqts. Cemi azriT, wminda qalaqSi

gansakuTrebuli simZafriT igrZnoba ara marto RmerTis, aramed eSmakis

arsebobac. amis magaliTia Tundac mudmivi dapirispireba sxvadasxva qristianul

konfesiebs Soris, Tundac ierusalimis marTlmadidebel da somxur-

monofizitur eklesiebs Soris, rac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT, uflis

saflavze, did SabaTs, wminda cecxlis gardamosvlisas vlindeba. swored

Aamitom daayenes osmalebma Tavis droze taZris mcvelebad muslimebi, raTa

erTmaneTTan moqiSpe qristianebi daeSoSminebinaT. amitomac iRebs israelis

policia am dRes usafrTxoebis gansakuTrebul zomebs da yvela piligrimic,

Sesabamisad, unda gafrTxildes. am sakiTxze naSromSi dawvrilebiT

mogiTxrobT. masala isea ganlagebuli, rom mkiTxvels SeuZlia misTvis

sainterso Tema sarCevSi moiZios da pirdapir iqidan daiwyos kiTxva. wigns

darTuli aqvs sagangebo damatebebi da fotogalerea mokle komentarebiT.

madlobeli dagrCebiT, Tuki vinme damatebiT masalas an SeniSvnebs momawvdiT,

Semdgom gamocemebSi gasaTvaliswineblad. Cvens gegmebs gaecnobiT damatebaSi,

romelic saqvelmoqmedo fondis saqmianobaze mogiTxrobT. axla ki, yvelas

gilocavT wminda adgilebis molocvas da uflis aRdgomis brwyinvale

dResaswauls.

qriste aRsdga!

1.saqarTvelo da Zveli aRTqmis samyaro

a. biblia: Zveli da axali aRTqma

saqarTvelo istoriulad evropuli ki ara, axlo aRmosavluri qveyanaa, im

regionis ganapira mxarea, sadac pirveli uZvelesi civilizaciebi da udidesi

msoflio religiebi Seiqmna. Tumca, zogadad, samxreT evropelebTan erTad Cvenc

xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis didi civilizaciis Svilebi varT.

ierusalimi am regionisa da mTeli msoflios umniSvnelovanesi

religiuri centria da msoflio religiebidan mxolod budizms ar ukavSirdeba.

qristianTaTvis ierusalimi, uwinaresad, uflis jvarcmisa da aRdgomis

qalaqia. ebraelTaTvis igi istoriuli dedaqalaqi da solomonis taZris

adgilia. muslimebi mas rigiT mesame wminda adgilad miiCneven meqasa da medinas

Semdeg, saidanac, maTi rwmeniT, zecad amaRlda muhamedi. am religiebs Soris

damokidebuleba rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivia. samive maTgani aRiarebs bibliis

pirvel nawils – Zvel aRTqmas: samyarosa da adamianis Seqmnas erTi

RmerTisagan, samoTxidan adamisa da evas gaZevebas, pirvelqmnili codvis gamo,

warRvnas, noes kidobanisa da babilonis godolis arsebobas, noes

STamomavlobidan mravalricxovani xalxebis warmoSobas, moses aT mcnebas,

abraamis, isaakisa da iakobis patriarqobas da a.S., magram am religiebs Soris

gansxvaveba, maTi swavlebidan gamomdinare, arsebiTia. CvenTvis,

qristianebisTvis, axali aRTqmis wminda wignebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

aqvs. isini safuZvelTa safuZvelia eklesiis wiaRSi daunjebuli im ucvalebeli

rjulisa da moZRvrebisa, romelsac axali aRTqmis rjuli ewodeba.

`biblia~ berZnulad wignebs niSnavs. es sityva Zveli finikiuri qalaqis –

biblosis saxelwodebidan momdinareobs, sadac mzaddeboda masala

wignebisaTvis. aq Seiqmna Tanamedrove tipis pirveli anbani, romelsac finikiuri

ewoda da romelic, Tavis mxriv, berZnuls daedo safuZvlad. sityva `aRTqma~ ki,

bibliuri gagebiT, xelSekrulebas, kavSirs niSnavs da ara mxolod dapirebas,

aramed RmerTsa da adamians Soris dadebul SeTanxmebasac gulisxmobs,

romelzec pasuxismgeblobas orive mxare kisrulobs. diplomatiur

xelSekrulebaTa teqstebis arseboba uZvelesi droidan iRebs saTaves.

magaliTad, xeTur arqivebSi aRmoCenili diplomatiuri xelSekrulebebi

dadebulia xeTebsa da maTi mfarvelobis qveS Semosul xalxebs Soris, sadac,

pirvelad istoriaSi, dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili mxareTa

urTierTvaldebulebebi. Zveli aRTqmis wminda wignebSi aRwerilia, Tu rogor

sjida ufali Tavis rCeul ers, israels, aRTqmis darRvevis, kerpTmsaxurebisa

da RvTis mcnebebis SeusruleblobisaTvis. Zveli aRTqmis wminda wignebi,

romlebic ebraul enazea dawerili, uflis rCeuli erisTvis iyo gankuTvnili,

romelsac RmerTma rjuli ganuwesa mose winaswarmetyvelis meSveobiT. axali

aRTqmis epoqaSi RvTis rCeuli eri aris ara erTi romelime erovnebis xalxi,

aramed qristes wminda eklesiis wevrebi, miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri

warmomavlobisa, romlebic uflis aRTqmis memkvidreni naTlobis saidumlo

madliT xdebian. amdenad, aRTqma, dadebuli RmerTsa da adamianebs Soris,

bibliis umTavresi Temaa.

saRmrTo istoriidan cnobilia, rom warRvnis Semdeg RmerTma aRTqma

misca noes, mis Svilebsa da mis STamomavlobas, rom aRar iqneboda warRvna

qveyanaze, da am aRTqmis niSnad Seqmna ci-

sartyela (dab. 9,11-13). ufalma aRTqma daudo abraamsac, rodesac dahpirda, rom

miscemda mis STamomavlobas mTel miwas egviptis sazRvridan mdinare

evfratamde (dab. 15,16). am aRTqmis dadasturebis niSnad ufalma Tavisi rCeuli

eris yvela mamakacs winadacveTa daudgina. Zveli aRTqma, romelic ufalma

israels daudo, Seicavda rogorc aT mcnebas, - aseve RvTis sxva

dadgenilebebsa da kanonebs, rac mose winaswarmetyvels ganecxada sinas mTaze.

rogorc wminda werilSia nauwyebi, RvTis kacma-mosem, msxverplad Sewirul

zvarakTa sisxli asxura sams-

xverplosa da xalxs, uwoda ra mas `aRTqmis sisxli~, `aha, sisxli aRTqmisa,

romeli aRTqma-yo RmerTma Tqvenda momarT yovelTa maT sityuaTaTÂis~ (gam.

24,8). Zveli aRTqmis wignebi (sul 50) dawerilia qristes Sobamde daaxloebiT

1600 wlidan 430-420 wlebamde, Tumca Tavad abraamis Semosvlas qanaanSi, riTac

ebraeli xalxis istoria iwyeba, mecnierebi aTariReben 2000 wliT, qristes

Sobamde.

rac Seexeba bibliis meore nawils - `axal aRTqmas~, is mogviTxrobs

macxovris gankacebis, misi amqveyniuri moRvaweobis, jvarcmis, aRdgomisa da

zecad amaRlebis, axali aRTqmis eklesiis dafuZnebis, mociqulTa moRvaweobisa

da qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. axali aRTqmis wminda wignebSi naTlad

aris miniSnebuli, rom ieso qriste adamis modgmis mxsnelia, romlis Sesaxebac

ufalma adamianebs Zvel aRTqmis epoqaSi auwya winaswarmetyvelTa piriT.

rogorc pavle mociquli wers: `RmerTma rogorc iwinaswarmetyvela yvela

Tavisi winaswarmetyvelis piriT qristes vneba, ise aRasrula~ (saqme, 3,18).

axali aRTqma Seicavs 27 wigns: oTxTavs (oTx kanonikur saxarebas),

mociqulTa saqmeebs, Svid kaTolike (sayovelTao) epistoles, pavle mociqulis

14 epistolesa da gamocxadebas (apokalifsi). axali aRTqmis wminda wignebi

daiwera a. w.-is pirveli saukunis meore naxevarsa da meore saukunis dasawyisSi.

termini `axali aRTqma~ momdinareobs Tavad ieso qristesgan, romelmac

ierusalimSi, sionis qorSi gamarTul saidumlo serobaze gamoiyena es termini,

rodesac, rogorc maTe maxarebeli gvauwyebs: `moiRo puri da hmadlobda da

gantexa da misca mowafeTa TÂisTa da hrqua maT: miiReT da WameT, ese ars Ãorci

Cemi. da moiRo sasumeli da hmadlobda da misca maT da Tqua: suT amisgan

yovelTa, ese aris sisxli Cemi axlisa aRTqmisaÁ, mravalTaTÂis daTxeuli

misatevebelad codvaTa~ (mT. 26, 26-28). jer kidev Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi Cans,

rom ufali aRTqmas udebs mTel kacobriobas, rodesac `abraamis Sesaxeb

ambobs: `iyos naTesavad didad da mravlad da ikurTxeodian misa mimarT

yovelni naTesavni queyanisani~ (dab. 18,18) - am sityvebiT ufali hpirdeba abraams,

rom misi meSveobiT kurTxeuli iqneba yvela xalxi, rac axal aRTqmaSi

aRsrulda, radgan qristianuli eklesia, Zveli aRTqmis eklesiisagan

gansxvavebiT, qveynierebis kidiT-kidemde ganivrco da WeSmariti naTlisRebis

madliT, Tavis macxovnebel wiaRSi Semoikriba yvela erovnebis adamiani.

rogorc wminda pavle mociquli ambobs: `ara ars warmarT da huria,

winadacueTileba da winadaucueTeleba, barbaros, skÂiTel, moneba, aznaureba,

aramed yovlad yovelsa Sina qriste~ (kol. 3, 11). Ees aris adamianebisadmi

miniWebuli uflis uzenaesi Tavisufleba.

Zveli da axali rjulis urTierTmimarTebasTan dakavSirebiT wminda

ioane RvTismetyveli wers, rom `sjuli mosesgan moeca, xolo madli da

WeSmaritebaÁ qriste iesoÁs mier iqmna~.

axali aRTqmis wminda eklesia sayovelTaoa. igi dafuZnebulia Cveni macxovris –

ieso qristes mier, romelmac sakuTari Tavi msxverplad Seswira codvis

tyveobisagan kacobriobis gamoxsnas.

b. damokidebuleba qristianebsa da muslimebs Soris

rogorc aRiniSna, biblias muslimebic aRiareben nawilobriv. Tavad

muhamedis TqmiT, is arc mTlianad unda uaryo da arc mTlianad daijero.

yuranSi noes uwodeben nuhs, abraams – ibrahims, loTs – luts, isaaks – ishaks,

ismails – izmails, iosebs – iusufs, moses – musas, aarons – haruns, daviT

mefesa da winaswarmetyvels – davuds, mefe solomons – suleimans. ieso

qristes isini `isa ibn mariams~ (e.i. ieso mariamis Svils) uwodeben da masac

winaswarmetyvelad miiCneven, magram ara RmerTad da RvTis Zed. maTi rwmeniT,

RmerTs saerTod ar SeiZleba hyavdes Ze. qristes Rvawli islamSi

erTRmerTianobis (monoTeizmis qadagebiT) amoiwureba. yuranSi masve miewereba

qadageba israelianTa Soris, momavalSi erTaderTi WeSmariti mociqulis,

ahmedis, anu muhamedis mosvlis Sesaxeb (61,6). Amuslimebs mtkiced swamT, rom

bibliuri mesia swored muhamedia, xolo uflis rCeuli xalxi arabebi da,

zogadad, muslimebi arian. muslimuri tradiciis mixedviT, abraams uflisaTvis

ara isaaki, aramed ufrosi Svili, ismaili, unda Seewira. yurban-bairami,

muslimTa udidesi dResaswauli, ismailis gadarCenas ukavSirdeba, radgan maTi

rwmeniT, ufalma ixsna ismaili rogorc msxverplad Sewirvisas, aseve

dedamisTan, agarTan, erTad udabnoSi sikvdilisagan. gadmocemiT maT udabnoSi

beduinebi Sexvdnen da swored im adgilze aages mogvianebiT qalaqi meqa.

muslimuri tradicia mogviTxrobs aseve muhamedis ierusalimSi (Soreul

meCeTSi) mogzaurobaze, sadac muhamedma iloca abraamTan, mosesTan da ieso

qristesTan erTad. yovelive es migviTiTebs islamis bibliur fesvebze. Tumca

qristianebisagan gansxvavebiT, muslimebs biblia Taviseburad esmiT.

ARvTismSobel mariams isini SecdomiT moses dasTan, mariamTan, aigiveben. amis

miuxedavad, isini biblias “wminda werils” uwodeben da swavloben mas, xolo

ebraelebsa da qristianebs “wminda werilis” xalxebad moixsenieben da sxva

religiebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT garkveul privilegiebsac ki

aniWeben, Tumca, politikuri mosazrebebiT, “wminda werilis” xalxebsac xSirad

umowyalod devnidnen. saqarTvelos istoriidan Cven gvaxsovs musliman

dampyrobelTa mier qristianTa devnis faqtebi: 100 000 qarTveli

marTlmadideblis sikvdiliT dasja jalal-ed-inis mier, aRdgomis Rames 6000

garejeli beris amowyveta Sah-abasis mier, an Tundac TbilisSi

jvarTamaRlebis dResaswaulze sasuliero pirebis daxocva aRa-mahmad-xanis

mier. magram muslimebi xSirad aseTive sisastikiT devnidnen sxva muslimebsac

magaliTad, Siiti sparselebi daRestnis dapyrobisas sunit daRestnelebs

urwmunoebs uwodebdnen da umowyalod Jletdnen,

iseve, rogorc laTini raindebi - marTlmadidebel bizantielebs. magram,

amavdroulad, qristianebsa da muslimebs mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis,

Semwynareblobisa da TanamSromlobis SesaSuri SemTxvevebic gvqonia. es

ierusalimis magaliTzec kargad Cans. 1229 wels, Ggermaniis imperatorma

fridrix meorem, romelmac mokle xniT ierusalimi daibruna muslimebisagan,

sulTan qamalTan miaRwia SeTanxmebas, rom muslimebi da qristianebi erTad

daeuflebodnen omaris meCeTs (meCeTi `gumbaTi kldeze~). Aam SeTanxmebiT,

meCeTSi qristianTa da muslimTa Zmobis simboluri Zeglic ki aRimarTa.

daZmobileba xanmokle aRmoCnda. is mxolod droebiTi aliansi iyo monRolTa

sawinaaRmdegod. 1250 wels jvarosnebi

sabolood gandevnes ierusalimidan. USuRli da dapirispireba qristianebsa da

muslimebs Soris ufro metad jvarosnuli laSqrobebis Semdeg damkvidrda.

Mmanamde aziaSi da axlo aRmosavleTSi isini mSvidobianad Tanaarsebobdnen.

mTel aziaSi gavrcelebuli iyo qristianuli moZRvrebis eretikuli

mimarTuleba - nestorianoba. Aaq milionze meti qristiani cxovrobda da

ramdenime aTeuli eparqia arsebobda, romelTac nestorianelTa kaTalikosi

marTavda. monRolTa erT-erTi yaenic nestorianeli qristiani iyo. gadmocemiT,

muhameds swored nestorianelma berma uwinaswarmetyvela `didi momavali~.

jvarosnuli laSqrobebis Semdeg daiw-yo marTlmadidebelebis sayovelTao

Seviwroeba da devna, aseve devnas daeqvemdebarnen sxvadasxva eretikuli

mimdinareobani: nestorianelebi, monifizitebi, iakobitebi. arsebobs mosazreba,

rom monRolTa laSqroba palestinaSi nestorianelTa waqezebiT gan-

xorcielda da mas “yviTel“ jvarosnul laSqrobasac uwodeben. monRolebi,

iseve rogorc evropeli jvarosnebi, wminda miwidan, egviptelma mamluqebma

gaaZeves. sabolood am laSqrobebma aziasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi muslimebi

gaabatona.

unda gvaxsovdes isic, rom swored muslimma mmarTvelebma mianiWes

qarTvelebs didi privilegiebi ierusalimSi. kaTolike mogzauris – ioane

kotoviCis cnobiT, (1598w.) `kairos sulTanis sagangebo nebarTvisa da TurqeTis

imperatoris damowmebuli privilegiis wyalobiT, yovel weliwads, rodesac,

aRmosavleTis sxva qristianTa msgavsad, qarTvelebi ierusalimSi qristes

saflavis Tayvanissacemad midian, isini, qristianTa Soris erTaderTni,

mravalricxovani SemadgenlobiT, meomrebiviT jarad modian, samxedro almebiT

Sedian qalaqSi baJis gareSe da wminda adgilebs afrialebuli bairaRebiT

naxuloben...~

rac Seexeba ierusalimis meCeTebs, muslimTa rwmeniT, am wminda adgilze

aRvlenil locvas sxva adgilebze Sesrulebul locvasTan SedarebiT 25 000 -

jer meti Zala aqvs. swored imitom, rom muslimebs swamdaT meqis, medinasa da

ierusalimis gansakuTrebuli siwmindis da sjerodaT, rom iq aRvlenili locva

pirdapir ufalTan midis, isini sikvdiliT dasjis muqaris qveS ukrZalavdnen

aramuslimebs aq arsebul meCeTebSi Sesvlas. maT eSinodaT, rom aramuslimi am

wminda adgilebze maT ganadgurebas sTxovda ufals!

yuranSi moxseniebulia muhamedis “Ramis mogzauroba”, rodesac ufalma

myisierad gadaiyvana is `xelSeuxebeli meCeTidan~ `Soreul meCeTSi~. muslimuri

tradiciiT, es Soreuli meCeTi ierusalimia, sadac jibraelma

(mTavarangelozma gabrielma) muhamedi jadosnuri cxeniT, buraqiT, pirdapir

meqidan gadaiyvana. amitomac daarqves morias mTaze solomonis taZris adgilze

agebul meCeTs (al-masjid al-aqsa) `Soreuli meCeTi~.

muslimTa rwmeniT, al-aqsas kompleqsSi Sedis `iesos akvnis miwisqveSa

meCeTi~ - “megd-isa”. Aaq qvaSi gamokveTili didi embazis msgavsi nakeTobaa,

romelSic muslimuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, yrma ieso iwva. Ees akvani mihrabad

gamoiyeneba, anu locvisas yiblas - meqis mimarTulebas aCvenebs muslimebs. imave

meCeTSia mariam RvTismSoblis `mihrabi~ da mRvdelmTavar zaqarias - ioane

naTlismcemlis mamis, `mihrabi~. Qqristes akvnis Tavze uamravi lampari anTia,

rogorc es qristianul taZrebSia miRebuli.

A ”al-aqsas” aSenebamde aq, RvTismSoblis taZrad miyvanebis sa-

xelobis eklesia idga. muslimebi udidesi pativiscemiT inaxaven uflisa da

mariam RvTismSobelis saxelTan dakavSirebul siwmindeebs. meCeTSi, iq sadac

qristianuli sakurTxeveli iyo, ori niSaa daculi. erTSi macxovris erTi fexis

nakvalevia (is eleonis, anu zeTis xilis mTidan CamoutaniaT, sadac meore fexis

nakvalevia darCenili), xolo meore, niSaSi, RvTismSoblis orive fexis

anabeWdia daculi.

muslimTaTvis sarwmuno gadmocemiT, mTavarangeloz jibraels “al-aqsas”

meCeTis axlos mdebare kldidan aumaRlebia cad muhamedi. cidan muhameds

mariam RvTismSoblis Sobis adgilze aRmarTuli sinaTlis sveti uxilavs. Aim

adgilze, saidanac muhamedi cad amaRlda da sadac, gadmocemiT, herodes taZari

idga, xalifa abdel-maliq ibn mervanma 687-691 wlebSi aago axali, grandiozuli

rvakuTxedis formis, meCeTi, romelsac `gumbaTi kldeze~ (arabulad “qubaT as-

saxra”) hqvia, da xSirad omaris meCeTsac uwodeben, Tumca misi aSenebis dros

xalifa omari cocxali aRar iyo. omaris mier ierusalimis dapyrobis Semdeg,

638 wels, aSenebuli meCeTi 3000 kacs itevda, Mmis adgilze aSenebuli axali

meCeTi ki ramdenejerme mets. Aaxali meCeTi imdenad grandiozuli da lamazi

iyo, rom ierusalimis dapyrobisas jvarosnebs is solomonis bibliur taZrad

miuCneviaT. omeiadebis dinastias, romelsac abdel-meliqi ekuTvnoda, saxalifos

dedaqalaqi medinidan damaskoSi, xolo sulieri centri - meqidan ierusalimSi

gadmoutaniaT. maTi mmarTvelobis dros yibla, anu locvis mimarTuleba,

droebiT meqidan ierusalimisaken Seicvala. anu muslimebs isev saxiT

ierusalimisaken mibrunebulebs unda elocaT, rogorc es Tavdapirvelad Tavad

muhamedma brZana. Mmagram, radganac, yuranis mixedviT, muhamedma ierusalims

sabolood meqa amjobina (vinaidan ebraelebma is ar scnes meSiaxad, anu mesiad),

muslimebis mTavar salocavad, sabolood mainc meqa damkvidrda. Tumca

ierusalimi, meqasa da medinas Semdeg, muslimTa mTavar sasuliero centrad

darCa.

omaris meCeTSi, kldesTan axlos, daculia adgili, sadac RvTismSobelma

qristes Sobis meormoce dRes taZarSi ganwmendis msxverpli miitana. gumbaTis

rotondaze oqros asoebiT weria ieso qristesadmi miZRvnili yuranis sura:

“ieso, mariamis Svili, RvTis mociquli, misi sityva, RmerTma ganakaca is

mariamSi, is misi amosunTqvaa”.

M meore mxriv, mihrabebs, anu specialur muslimur niSebs, romlebic

yiblas - meqisadmi mimarTulebas uCveneben morwmuneebs, dResac SexvdebiT

ierusalimis qristianul eklesiebSic, magaliTad, RvTismSoblis miZinebis

taZarSi.

rac Seexeba arabTa warmomavlobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom wminda miwis

saxelwodeba palestina bibliaSi naxsenebi xalxis, arasemituri

(indoevropuli) warmomavlobis filistimelebidan modis, Tavad arabebs

TavianT pirdapir winaprad Zveli aRTqmis patriarqi - abraami (muslimTaTvis

ibrahimi) miaCniaT, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, misi pirveli Svilis, ismailis,

xaziT. ismaili (arabulad izmaili) saras mxevlis agaris, Svili iyo da amitomac

ismailis STamomaval arabebs agarianelebs uwodebdnen (samxreTeli, e.w. iemeneli

arabebi STamomavlobas abraamis meore colis, qeTurasagan iTvlian da Sesabamisad, maT

qarTaxebi ewodebaT). imdroindeli kanoniT colisa da mxevlisagan gaCenili Svilebi

absoluturad Tanasworebi iyvnen, miTumetes, rom agarma abraamisagan Svili

Tavad saras moTxovniT gaaCina, saerTod uSvilod rom ar darCeniliyvnen.

aseTive wesiT iyo gaCenili iakobis, romelic aseve israelad iwodeboda,

ramdenime Svilic, misi colebis - liasa da raqelis mxevlebisagan, Mmagram

isini ebraelTa Tormeti tomis iseTive mamamTavrebad gvevlinebian, rogorc

Tavad kanonieri colebis - liasa da rahilis Svilebi. maTgan gansxvavebiT,

Msaram isaakis gaCenis Semdeg mxevlisagan gaCenili pirveli Svilis, ismailis,

saxlidan gaZeveba moiTxova. Sewuxebuli abraami ufalma anugeSa da ismailis

mfarvelobas dahpirda. deda-Svils udabnoSi angelozi mouvlina

(mTavarangelozi gabrieli, arabulad jibraeli) da daRupvisagan ixsna, Tan

aRuTqva, rom ismailisagan mravalricxovani xalxebi da maTi mefeebi

gaCndebodnen. arabuli gadmocemiT, abraami Cavida ismailTan meqaSi da iq,

qaabas salocavTan, masTan erTad iqadaga. sakuTriv bibliaSi meqaSi locvis

Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami, magram naxsenebia, rom abraami orive Svilma, ismailma

– arabTa mamamTavarma da isaakma – Zveli aRTqmis patriarqma, erTad daitira da

daasaflava. yovelive amas imitom vixsenebT, rom warmoCndes, ramdenad didia

TiToeuli maTganisaTvis ierusalimisa da wminda miwis mniSvneloba. es istoria

sxva mxrivadac sainteresoa. swored mezobeli da yvelaze axlo naTesavi

xalxebi eqiSpebian xSirad erTmaneTs yvelaze metad.

g. damokidebuleba qristianebsa da ebraelebs Soris

rogorc aRvniSneT, muslimebi nawilobriv cnoben Zvel aRTqmas. isini

qristesac aRiareben, magram ara rogorc RvTis Zesa da macxovars, aramed

rogorc winaswarmetyvels. maT aseve miaCniaT, rom igi iqneba msajuli

gankiTxvis dRes. Zvel aRTqmaSi nawinaswarmetyveleb mesiad isini muhameds

miiCneven. Mmagram ebraelebi, Zveli aRTqmis rCeuli eri, mesiad arc qristes da,

miTumetes, arc

araebrael muhameds cnoben. isini dResac elodebian mxsnels. amasTan,

zogierTi maTgani miiCnevs, rom mesia ukve mosulia,Mmagram vinaidan mesiam, maTi

warmodgeniT, pirvel rigSi, solomonis taZari unda aRadginos, anu mis

adgilze aSenebuli meCeTi unda daangrios, muslimebi, cxadia, didi SeSfoTebiT

xvdebian aseT gancxadebebs. A

ebraelebis didma nawilma uaryo qriste, sinedrionma ki aiZula romaeli

prokuratori - pilate, sikvdiliT daesaja igi. devna qristes mociqulebzec

gavrcelda, rasac `mociqulTa saqmeebic~ adasturebs. iakobs, mociqul ioanes

Zmas, Tavi mokveTes. uflis xorcieli Zma, romelsac aseve iakobi erqva da

ierusalimis pirveli episkoposi iyo, taZris saxuravidan gadmoagdes. qvebiT

Caqoles stefane pirveldiakoni. Mmociqulebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, gaclodnen

ierusalims. sulTmofenobis Semdgom ki isini msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi

qadagebdnen qristes moZRvrebas. Aase gavrcelda qristianoba imdroindel

samyaroSi, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, sadac mociqulebma - andria

pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma, mataTam da barTlomem iqadages uflis

sityva. A

qristianTa devna mogvianebiTac gagrZelda. meSvide saukuneSic ki,

rodesac ierusalimi bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, sparselebma ierusalimi

daipyres, ebraelebi ki maT miemxrnen. sapasuxod, bizantielebi, mas Semdeg,

rac ierusalimi daibrunes, ebraelebs devnidnen da aiZulebdnen qristianoba

mieRoT, iseve,

rogorc adrec sCadiodnen amas.

istoriaSi uamravi magaliTia cnobili ebraelTa devnisa, iseve, rogorc

bevri sxva xalxebisa, magram arc erTi maTganis istoria ase sayovelTaod

cnobili ar gamxdara msofliosTvis. wminda werili mogviTxrobs im uamravi

tkivilisa da tanjvis Sesaxeb, rac Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi uflis rCeulma erma

ganicada. rac Seexeba uaxles istorias, sayovelTaod cnobilia faSistebis mier

ebraelTa genocidi - holokosti. amis miuxedavad, devnilebma ara marto Tavi

gadairCines, aramed msoflioSi absoluturad unikaluri adgili daikaves.

EmaSin, rodesac bevri maTze ufro mravalricxovani xalxi saerTod

gadaSenda, ebraelebi dRes, Tavisi mcirericxovnobis miuxedavad (as Cinelze

dRes msoflioSi sul erTi ebraeli modis), erT-erTi yvelaze ufro

gavleniani eria msoflioSi. Ffinansebi, masmedia, mecniereba, kultura - ai,

arasruli CamonaTvali im sferoebisa, sadac maT msoflio lideris pozicia

uWiravT. ebraelebi erTgulad emsaxurebian ara marto israelis, aramed im

qveynebis ayvavebasac, sadac cxovroben.

holandia me-16 saukuneSi msoflios umsxvilesi savaWro imperia gaxda ara

marto pirveli burJuaziuli revoluciis Sedegad, aramed espaneTidan da

evropis sxva qveynebidan devnili ebraelebis Sefarebis gamo, (ebraelTa nawili

muslimurma saxelmwifoebmac Seifares )espaneTma, ki ebraelTa gandevnis

Semdeg, msoflio imperiis statusi TandaTanobiT dakarga.

ebraelebi, iseve, rogorc somxebi da Cinelebi, im erebs miekuTvnebian, romlebic

diasporebs qmnian. saukuneebis manZilze ebraelebsa da somxebs Tavisi saxelmwifo ar

hqoniaT da swored diasporebma itvirTes erovnuli enis, kulturisa da rwmenis

SenarCuneba, rac, Cveulebriv SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos movaleobaa. rogorc

wesi, isini saukune-

ebis manZilze ar ereodnen im qveynebis mosaxleobas, sadac cxovrobdnen,

qorwindebodnen mxolod erTmaneTze, inarCunebdnen rwmenas, enasa da

tradiciebs. eweodnen vaWrobas, xelosnobas, qmnidnen pirvelad kapitals da

kapitalis saukeTeso dabandebad Svilebis ganaTleba miaCndaT. amitomac

gaunaTlebeli ojaxebis Svilebic ki meore TaobaSi eqimebi, afTiaqarebi,

advokatebi, mecnierebi, anu inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi xdebodnen. maTi am

Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, tailandis erT-erTma mefem, Cinelebs

aRmosavleTis ebraelebi Searqva, somxebs ki xSirad kavkasiis ebraelebs

uwodeben.

diasporebs, rogorc wesi, ar qmnian is erebi, visac Tavisi saxelmwifo

aqvT. amitom aris susti qarTvelebis, rusebis, sxva qristiani erebis

saTvistomoebi ucxoeTSi. gamonaklisia, albaT, saberZneTi, romelsac

SedarebiT struqturirebuli diaspora gaaCnia aSS-Si, magram es mainc im

periodis gamoZaxilia, rodesac saberZneTi maTTvis saZulvel TurqeTis

imperiaSi Sedioda. amitom nu ganvicdiT, rom qarTvelebs susti saTvistomoebi

gvyavs ucxoeTSi. uflis wyalobiT, Cven ar Segviwyvetia saxelmwifoebrivi

arseboba ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Sesvlamde. ruseTSi yofnisas ki diasporis

Seqmnam azri dakarga, imitom, rom daisporas eTnikuri an religiuri umciresoba

qmnis, xolo TurqeTsa da ruseTSi umciresoba religiuri niSniT

ganisazRvreboda. qarTvelebi ruseTSi - marTlmadideblebi, xolo TurqeTSi -

muslimebi iyvnen, anu umravlesobas miekuTvnebodnen. somxebi da ebraelebi ki

umciresobas warmoadgendnen, iseve, rogorc berZnebi - TurqeTSi. Aamitomac

aris, rom TurqeTis imperiaSi, romelSic ierusalimic Sedioda, somxebs,

ebraelebs, laTinebsa da berZnebs, rogorc religiur umciresobebs, kanoni

icavda da maT eklesiebsa da samlocveloebs, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT,

oficialuri statusi hqondaT imperiaSi. igive grZeldeba israelSic, romelic

Zveli Turquli kanonmdeblobiT sargeblobs da Tavisi kanoni religiis Sesaxeb

arc ki miuRia.

rac Seexeba qarTul - ebraul urTierTobebs, is marTlac unikaluria. mas

mravali faqtori ganapirobebs. keTilmezoblobis tradicia jer kidev VI

saukunidan iRebs saTaves, rodesac saqarTveloSi CamoabrZanes elia

winaswarmetyvelis xaleni, ramac saSualeba misca qarTvelebs, Semecnebodnen

mose winaswarmetyvelis rjuls da SeecnoT erTi WeSmariti RmerTi. es xaleni

ebraelTa baginSi inaxeboda. udidesi mniSvnelobisaa is faqti, rom macxovris

uwmindesi kvarTi, romelic wminda eklesiis erTianobis, ganuyo-

flobis simboloa, swored mcxeTelma ebraelebma CamoabrZanes saqarTveloSi.

sabolood kvarTi wminda sidoniasTan erTad daifla miwaSi. garda amisa,

saqarTvelos gaqristianeba qristes mociqulebs - andria pirvelwodebuls,

svimon kanonels, mataTas, barTlomes ukavaSirdeba, romlebic eTnikuri niSniT

ebraelebi iyvnen. da bolos, tolerantoba, romelic, iSviaTi gamonaklisis

garda, saqarTveloSi yovelTvis saxelmwifo politikis rangSi iyo ayvanili.

qarTul - ebrauli urTierTobebi istoriulad unikaluria, ramac erT-

erT cnobil qarTvel ebraels, rafael eligulaSvils, aTqmevina:

`saqarTveloSi Cven bevri megobari gvyavs, magram ebraeli xalxis yvelaze didi

megobari aris saqarTvelos istoria~. es moxda mas Semdeg, rac qarTvelma

emigrantebma parizSi nacistebis sakoncentracio banakebidan bevri ebraeli

ixsnes, misces ra maT oficialuri sabuTebi, rom isini mxolod rwmeniT iyvnen

ebraelebi, xolo erovnebiT qarTvelebi, qaldevelTa STamomavlebi.

dRes msoflioSi aqtiuri dialogi daiwyo ebraelebsa da qristianebs

Soris. vatikani da israeli emzadeba wminda adgilebis uprecedento

gacvlisaTvis. israeli vatikans gadascems ierusalimis sionis qors, sadac

saidumlo seroba gaimarTa, sadac xSirad ikribebodnen macxovari da misi

mowafeebi. swored aq, am saxlSi, aziara qristem mociqulebi. xolo misi zecad

amaRlebis Semdgom amave saxlSi iyvnen Sekrebilni mociqulebi, romlebzec

suli wmindis madli gardamovida. jvarosnebma iq eklesia gaxsnes, muslimebma -

meCeTi, xolo ebraelebma - religiuri skola. sanacvlod israeli vatikanisagan

miiRebs toledos cnobil sinagogas.

2002 wels, israelSi istoriuli vizitisas, romis papma ioane-pavle

meorem, godebis kedelSi vatikanis oficialur blankze dawerili Tavisi

werilic Cado, romelic dRes ierusalimis muzeumSi inaxeba. Ppapi locavda

wminda miwas da patiebas iTxovda ebraelebis mravalsaukunovani devnisaTvis.

es romis papis pirveli viziti iyo wminda miwaze, vinaidan vatikani israels

adre ar scnobda.

G rac Seexeba godebis kedels, mogexsenebaT, rom es ebraelTaTvis wminda

adgilia. Ggodebis kadelTan ara marto loculoben, aramed mis qvebs Soris

arsebul napralebSi werilebs deben sxvadasxva TxovniT. Aase iqcevian ara

marto ebraelebi, aramed uamravi araebraeli turistic, maT Soris qristianebic.

cnobil adamianebs Soris, visi werilic kedelSi Caido, amerikis prezidenti

buSi-umcrosic aris. iTvleba, rom qristianTaTvis es dasaSvebia, vinaidan

godebis kedeli herodes taZris dasavleTis kedelis nawilia, im taZrisa,

sadac saeklesio gadmocemiT, mariam RvTismSobeli cxovrobda da izrdeboda.

Aaqve xom RvTismSoblis taZrad miyvanebis eklesia iyo agebuli.

ebraelTa godeba taZris nangrevebTan adreve dawyebula, maSin, rodesac

romaelebs taZari daungreviaT da miwasTan gausworebiaT. Sua saukuneebSi

ucnauri wesi SemouRiaT - ebraelebi Soreul qveynebSi gamgzavrebisas,

dangrevas gadarCenili taZris kedlis dasavleT nawilSi, lursmans asvamdnen,

xolo dabrunebisas, isev aZrobdnen mas. iTvleboda, rom es adamians

mogzaurobisas icavda. zogierTi ki kedelze kveTda Tavis Txovnas uflisadmi.

rabinebs aukrZalavT aseTi vandaluri meTodi da SeuTavazebiaT

mlocvelTaTvis weri-lebis Cadeba kedlis napralebSi rac aqamdec xdeba.

Tu Tqvenc gagiCndaT survili, godebis kedelSi werilis Cadebis,

girCevT, kurTxeva Tqveni moZRvrisagan aiRoT. piradad me aseTi werili

Cadebuli maqvs godebis kedelSi.

sabednierod, Cven, qarTvelebma, ebraelebTan dialogi 26 saukunis win

daviwyeT, rodesac pirveli ebraelebi dasaxldnen saqarTveloSi. Dqristianobis

istoriaSi unikaluri magaliTia evstaTe mcxeTelis arCevani, romelic, RvTis

SewevniT, qristes rjulze moeqca.

d. noes kidobani da saqarTvelo

istoriulad saqarTvelo, rogorc urartusa da SuamdinareTis sxva didi

civilizaciebis erT-erTi memkvidre qveyana, ganuyofeli nawili iyo Zveli

bibliuri samyarosi. sakmarisia gavixsenoT, rom sityva eri (erin) Sumerulad

xalxs-ers niSnavs, sityva me-Cems, enim-enas da a.S. xolo bibliaSi naxseneb

ararats urartusTan akavSireben (4 mef. 19,37). maSasadame is adgili, romelsac

warRvnis Semdeg noes kidobani miadga, qarTvelTa tomebis istoriuli

samSobloa. am faqts adasturebs wm. epifanes cnobac: `roca warR

vnis Semdeg noes kidobani gaCerda araratis mTebze, somexTa da qarTvelTa

qveynebs Sua, lubarad wodebul mTaze, gaCnda pirveli adamianTa sacxovrebeli

da iq gaaSena winaswarmetyvelma noem venaxi da Seiqmna iqauri binadari~.

arqanjelo lamberti yuradRebas amaxvilebs Semdeg sityvebze: `somexTa da

qarTvelTa qveynis Sua~ da ambobs: `am qveyanas dResac qarTli hqvia, misi

mkvidrni ki Tavis Tavs uwodeben qarTvelebad. es kuTxe aris saqarTveloserTi

nawili~ (arqanjelo lamberti. samegrelos aRwera. Tb.,1938, gv. 9).

giorgi kedrenes cnobiT, qarTvelebi noes mesame Svilis, iafetis,

STamomavlebi arian. igi wers: ` noem Tavis mesame vaJs, iafets, romelic 425

wlisa iyo, misca CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis qveynebi midiidan-britaneTis

kunZulebamde, armenia, iberia, ponto, kolxeTi da maT iqeTYmdebare qveynebi da

kunZulebi vidre italiamde da galebamde, ispaniamde, keltiberiamde da

listaniamde~ (georgika, t. V).

saqarTvelo rom vazis samSobloa, amaSi eWvi dRes TiTqmis aRaravis epareba.

saintereso cnobebi moepoveba italiel misioners, arqanjelo lambertis,

romelic oci wlis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda saqarTveloSi. 1654 wels neapolSi

gamocemul Tavis wignSi igi exeba qarTvelTa warmomavlobis sakiTxs da wers:

`iqaurebs dRemde marto saxeli ki ara, Cveulebanic Tavis pirvandel winaprisa

SerCeniaT..., marTlac, miwis damuSavebas, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise kolxidaSi

imdenad etanebian, rom yvelas keTilSobilur saqmed miaCnia Tavis yanaSi

muSaoba. yovelgan venaxebs aSeneben da cdiloben bevri Rvino moiyvanon,

romelic Zlier uyvarT...~ bibliuri Txrobis mixedviT, noem pirvelad igema mis

mier dawuruli Rvino, daTvra da gaSiSvlda. misma SuaTana Svilma, qamma,

dascina mamas, rodesac misi siSiSvle ixila, Semdeg ki amis Sesaxeb Zmebs uambo.

semi da iafeti zurgSeqceviT miuaxlovdnen mamas da samosi gadaafares ise, rom

misi siSiSvle ar uxilavT. gamofxizlebulma noem qamis STamomavloba dawyevla

da semisa da iafetis modgmis monoba uwinaswarmetyvela.

e. qarTvelTa bibliuri warmomavloba

xalxTa warmoSobis bibliuri genealogiebi, romlebic noes SvilTa

STamomavlobasa da maTgan warmoSobil xalxebs asaxeleben (dab. 10.1-24); 1 neSt.

1.5-27), dResac mecnierTa Soris udidesi ndobiT sargeblobs. uaxlesi

arqeologiuri kvlevebiT mecnierulad dasturdeba bibliuri cnobebis

utyuaroba. sxva saqmea, rom bibliuri genealogiebi mxolod im xalxebs aRweren,

romlebic Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi arsebobdnen da gviandeli xalxebis maTgan

momdinareoba mecnierulad naklebad dasabuTebulia, Tumca aseTi mcdelobebi

dResac ki gvxvdeba. Tavad qarTvelebic, uSualod am saxeliT moxseniebulni,

genealogiebSi ar arian iseve, rogorc somxebi da regionis bevri sxva mkvidrni,

magram bibliaSi moixsenieba urartu. qarTveluri tomebi mesxebi da

Tubarelebi, genealogiebSi ixseniebian moSeqisa da Tubalis saxiT, xolo

bibliuri noes SviliSvili da iafetis Svili, Targamosi, qarTvelTa da

somexTa saerTo winaprad aris miCneuli.

bibliis mixedviT, noes mier dawyevlili qamis STamomavlebi, anu qamitebi,

arian qanaanelebi, egviptelebi, eTiopielebi da sxva afrikelebi. ufrosi

Svilis-semisDSTamomavlebi arian semitebi: ebraelebi, sirielebi, arabebi,

aqadelebi, qaldevelebi da sxvebi. umcrosi Svilis- iafetis STamomavlebad ki

evropelebi, maT Soris qarTvelebic iTvlebian. Tumca, zogierTi mkvlevris

azriT, Cven ufro semitebs mivekuTnebiT, vinaidan semsac hyavda SviliSvili

meSexi, romlisganac SesaZloa momdinareobdes erT-erTi qarTveluri tomis,

mesxebis, saxelwodeba. zogierTi mkvlevari qarTvelebs, kerZod, kolxebs,

saerTod, Zvel egviptelTa, anu qamitelTa, STamomavlebadac ki miiCnevs.

istoriis mamis- herodotes (Zv. w. V s.) cnobiT, faraon sesostrisis laSqarma

Savi zRvis am ukidures aRmosavleT wertilamdec moaRwia, daipyro es miwebi da

Tavisi jaric datova aq, saidanac kolxebi warmoiSvnen. ase rom, es cnobebi

kolxebis winaprebad Savkanian, xuWuWa egviptelebs asaxelebs.

qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.), romlis mier mocemul

kavkasiel xalxTa genealogiis udides istoriul mniSvnelobas praqtikulad

yvela kavkasieli mkvlevari iziarebs,

kavkasiel xalxTa saerTo winaprad iafetis SviliSvils, Targamoss, asaxelebs,

romelsac rva Svili: haosi, qarTlosi, movakosi, egrosi, lekosi, kavkasosi da

a.S. hyolia, romelTa Soris mas Tavisi samflobelo (savaraudod, urartu)

gaunawilebia. Targamosis Svilebisagan warmoiSvnen somxebi, qarTvelebi,

albanelebi da kavkasiis sxva xalxebi. haosi urartueli RmerTis, qaldis,

saxelTan SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli da rigi kavkasieli mkvlevarebis azriT,

mxolod somxebs ki ara, Tavad urartuelebsac unda gulisxmobdes. swored

amitom, haosi ufros Svilad aris moxseniebuli genealogiaSi; xolo vainaxebi,

iseve, rogorc qarTvelebi, urartus memkvidre uZveles tomebad iTvlebian.

egrosis samflobeloSi, anu egrisSi ki mTeli kolxida igulisxmeboda.

Tavis mxriv, qarTvelTa mamamTavris, anu eTnarqis (winapari, romlis

saxeli ers mieniWa)- qarTlosis Svilebs erqvaT: mcxeTosi, gardabosi, kaxosi,

kuxosi da gaCinosi, romelTa saxelebi dRevandlamde nacnobia yvela

qarTvelisaTvis Sesabamisi regionebiTa da qalaqebiT.

rac Seexeba abraamis STamomavlobas isaakis xaziT, anu ebraelebs, maTi

saxelwodeba- israeli, abraamis SviliSvilisagan, iakobisagan modis, romelsac

ufalma israeli uwoda (gam. 35.10). israelis saxelmwifo, romelic Tormeti

tomis gaerTianebas warmoadgenda, sakmaod gaZlierda daviTisa da solomonis

mefobisas. am saxelmwifoSi, aRniSnul Tormet tomTagan, gansakuTrebiT iudas

tomi iyo gaZlierebuli. solomonis Zis, robuamis, mefobisas israelis

saxelmwifo or – Crdilo da samxreT samefoebad daiyo. Crdilo samefos darCa

saxelwodeba israeli (radgan masSi israelis samefos tomTa umravlesoba

moeqca), xolo samxreT samefos iudas tomis gavleniT iudeis samefo ewoda.

iakobis STamomavloba egvipteSi gadasaxlebisas sul 70 suls Seadgenda. maTgan

warmoiSva yvela ebrauli tomi, romelTa warmomadgenlebma, moses dros 70 -

kaciani uxucesTa sabWo Seqmnes. israelis Tormeti tomis msgavsad, macxovarma

12 upiratesi mociquli gamoarCia, romlebic yvelaze daaxloebulni iyvnen

masTan. 12 mociqulTan erTad axal aRTqmaSi ixsenieba uflis 70 mowafe. Zvelsa

da axal aRTqmaSi xSirad fiqsirdeba erTi da igive ricxvi sxvadasxva

movlenasTan dakavSirebiT, rac maT bunebriv kavSirze miuTiTebs. Zveli da

axali aRTqma erTi mTliani wignis – bibliis ori Semadgeneli nawilia.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Tavad macxovaric da misi mowafeebic xSirad

imowmeben sityvebs Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan. rogorc cnobilia, VI saukuneSi

qarTlSi asureli mamebi – wm. ioane zedazneli da misi Tormeti mowafe

movidnen marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad da samonastro cxovrebis

dasafuZneblad. maTi raodenobac, ra Tqma unda, garkveul simbolur kavSirs

gulisxmobs macxovarTan da mis mowafeebTan.

v. ierusalimis daarseba

saqarTvelo, iseve rogorc israeli, uZvelesi civilizaciebis keris,

axlo aRmosavleTis samyaros, nawilia da istoriulad am qveynebs bevri ram

akavSirebs erTmaneTTan. SuamdinareTis civilizaciaTa akvani- babiloni,

asureTisa da Semdeg sparseTis, aseve egviptis imperiebi did rols TamaSobdnen

orive eris istoriaSi. rodesac patriarqi abraami, Tavisi saxleuliTa da

avladidebiT, Zv. w.-is II aTaswleulis dasawyisSi SuamdinareTidan qanaanSi

movida, iq centraluri xelisufleba ar arsebobda. erT-erT brZolaSi

gamarjvebis Semdeg, melqisedekma, maRali RmerTis mRvdelma, romelic

maradiuli mRvdelmTavris- macxovris winasaxea da salimis mefed iwodeba,

uflis saxeliT akurTxa abraami. abraamma ki mas Tavisi nadavlis meaTedi

Seswira (dab. 14.18-20). meaTedis Sewirva aRuTqva ufals iakobmac (dab. 28.21), rac

mogvianebiT moses rjuliTac dakanonda.

ierusalimi iudevelTa, qristianTa da muslimTa wminda qalaqia. saxeli

`salimi~ momdinareobs ebrauli `Salemi~-sagan, rac `mSvidobas~ niSnavs. aqedanaa

warmomdgari sityva `salami~. arabuli saxeli `al-kudsi~-wmindas niSnavs.

amitomac ierusalims yvela `wminda qalaqs~ uwodebs.

iebusevelni (qanaanelTa erT-erTi tomi), romlebic ierusalimis istoriul

teritorias daviTis mier dapyrobamde flobdnen, qalaqs sakuTar saxels - `iebus~-s

uwodebdnen (yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zv. w.-is XIX-XVIII saukuneebSi, anu abraamis epoqaSi.

egviptur wyaroebSi moixsenieba qanaanuri qalaqi ruSalimu, mogvianebiT ki -urusalimi,

rac aseve dasturdeba gviandeli asuruli wyaroebiTac). swored iebusevelebma aages

saTvalTvalo koSki qalaqis Crdilo-eTiT mdebare sionis mTaze. sainteresoa, rom

qarTveli mematianis - leonti mrovelis cnobiT, aleqsandre makedonelis laSqars

mcxeTaSi swored ierusalimidan gandevnili iebusevelebis STamomavlebi daxvdnen. es

cnobac, garkveulwilad, asaxavs saqarTvelos istoriul kavSirs bibliur xalxebTan

mefe daviTmac qalaqs Tavisi saxeli `ir-daviTi~ uwoda da sionis mTaze Tavisi

koSki aago. qalaqis am ubans sioni erqva da xSirad mTel qalaqsac sions

uwodebdnen. swored daviTma aqcia ierusalimi israelis dedaqalaqad, xolo,

rodesac solomonis sikvdilis Semdeg israeli iudead da israelad gaiyo,

ierusalimi iudeis dedaqalaqad darCa.

paralelebi israelsa da saqarTvelos Soris bevri SeiZleba gaivlos.

daviTisa da solomonis dros, israelma gareSe mtrebis sisustiT isargebla da

Zlieri saxelmwifo Seqmna. man daimorCila mezobeli qveynebi da qalaqebi, maT

Soris, qalaqi damasko. im epoqaSi israeli regionalur zesaxelmwifod iqca,

romelic Semdeg or samefod gaiyo. daviT winaswarmetyvelma udidesi mefis

saxeli daimkvidra istoriaSi. mas araerTi winaswarmetyveleba aqvs macxovris

Sesaxeb.

Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelo axlo aRmosavleTSi uZlieres saxelmwifod iqca

daviT aRmaSeneblisa (1089-1125) da Tamar mefis (1178-1213) dros. orive mefe

wmindanis SaravandediT Seimosa. daviT aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~

Tavisi Rrma sulierebis wyaros bibliuri mefisa da winaswarmetyvelis

`fsalmunebsa~ da andria kritelis `did kanonSi~ poulobs.

`wm. grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi” uaRresad sagulisxmo cnoba moipoveba imis

Sesaxeb, rom bagrationTa samefo dinastia saTaves iRebs daviT

winaswarmetyvelisagan. amasve adasturebs daviT aRmaSeneblis mematianec. mefeTa

genealogias xom gansakuTrebuli politikuri mniSvneloba hqonda (grigol

xanZTeli xom gaerTianebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos ideologiis Semqmneli

gaxldaT: “yovelive is saqarTveloa, sadac wirva-locva qarTulad aRevlineba”).

Tavad konstantine porfirogeneti (X s.), bizantiis imperatori, mis mier 952

wels daweril TxzulebaSi “imperiis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” wers: `...iberebi

amboben, rom isini daviTis- winaswarmetyvelisa da mefis naTesavebi arian da

aqedan- yovladwmida RvTismSoblisac... isini, rogorc TviTon amboben,

ierusalimidan STamomavloben da, radgan didi rwmena aqvT- maTi da Cveni

uflis, ieso qristes saflavisa, isini gansazRvrul xanebSi uxvad ugzavnian

fuls wm. qalaqis patriarqs da iqaur qristianebs~.

bagrationebis ebraul warmomavlobaze, rogorc qarTuli, aseve somxuri

wyaroebic miuTiTeben. amitomac iwerebodnen saqarTvelos mefeni iesian-

daviTian-solomonian-bagrationebad (iese daviT winaswarmetyvelis mama iyo).

aseTi warmomavloba amtkicebda bagrationebis gansakuTrebul, RvTis mier

boZebul uflebas samefo taxtze. vinaidan mefe daviTisa da solomonis

STamomavlebs, bibliis mixedviT, ufalma mudmivi mefoba aRuTqva: “ganvamtkiceb

Sens samefo taxts israelSi samaradisod” (mes.mef. 9:5). eTiopuri tradiciiT,

daaxloebiT aseTive warmomavloba aqvT eTiopelTa mefeebsac, romlebic Tavis

winaprad meneliq pirvels, mefe solomonisa da bibliuri sabas dedoflis

(mes.mef.10:1-13) Svils (romelic bibliaSi ar aris moxsenebuli) miiCneven da

amiT asabuTeben maT mefur warmomavlobas.

Uunda aRiniSnos, rom orive dinastiam saukuneebis manZilze SeinarCuna

Zalaufleba. eTiopiam - 1974 wlamde, xolo saqarTvelom ruseTTan SeerTebamde,

anu sanam qveyanaSi monarqia arsebobda, daviTis STamomavlobas veravin Seecila

mefobaSi, rac monarqizmis msoflio istoriaSi iSviaTi gamonaklisia.

2. saqarTvelo da axali aRTqma

ierusalimis udidesi mniSvneloba saqarTvelosaTvis, cxadia, qristianobis

gavrcelebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom VII saukuneSi,

islamis gavrcelebamde da ufro gvianac, bizantiis dasustebamde, palestinasa

da saqarTvelos Soris mdebare qveynebi-siriaca da mcire aziis (dRevandeli

TurqeTis teritoria) sxva saxelmwifoebic-ZiriTadad qristianebiT iyvnen

dasaxlebulni, rac, cxadia, aadvilebda saqarTvelos kavSirs palestinasTan.

udidesia sirieli (asureli) wminda mamebis roli saqar-Tvelosa da mTel axlo

aRmosavleTSi qristianobis gavrcelebaSi. ufali, iseve rogorc ebraelTa didi

nawili, axlo aRmosavleTSi maSin farTod gavrcelebul (arameul) enaze

laparakobda. jvarze sulis gantevebis win iesom arameul enaze warmoTqva

Semdegi sityvebi: `eloi, eloi, lama sabaqTani?~, rac Semdegnairad iTargmneba

- `RmerTo, RmerTo Cemo, raÁsaTvis damiteveb me~ (mk. 15.34). antioqiis eklesia,

romelmac saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa jer kidev V saukuneSi,

xom swored siriaSi mdebareobs, da, gadmocemiT, Tavad wmida petres mieraa

dafuZnebuli. wminda mociquli pavle mcire aziis qalaq tarsus mkvidri iyo

(amJamad Turquli qalaqi side). yvela msoflio saeklesio kreba bizantiis

imperiis sazRvrebSi (dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoria) gaimarTa. aqve, qalaq

patraSi, daibada wminda nikoloz miron-lukiis episkoposi. q. efesoSi

mdebareobs wm. ioane maxareblis saflavic. aqve moRvaweobda da miicvala wm.

mariam magdalineli. aq qristianoba wminda mociqulebma: andria

pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da iuda iskariotelis nacvlad arCeulma

mataTam iqadages, romlebmac trapizonis gavliT aWaramde moaRwies. maT

moaqcies lazebi, kolxebi, mesxebi, svanebi, afxazebi da alanebi, anu saqarTvelo

moeqca im qveynebis ricxvSi, sadac mociqulebs unda eqadagaT qristes

macxovnebeli moZRvreba. qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanesi wyaroebi

arsebobs rogorc ucxouri, aseve qarTuli, romlebSic dawvrilebiT aris

aRwerili Cveni qveynis istoriaSi momxdari yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena -

qristianobis miReba.

a. RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana

ierusalimis dapyrobis Semdeg mefe daviTma sionis mTaze, qalaqis

samxreTiT, daido bina. iq Seqmnes savane, sadac aRTqmis kidobani daasvenes.

Semdeg daviTma iyida miwa qalaqis CrdiloeT nawilSi taZris asaSeneblad,

magram ufalma ar darTo daviT mefes taZris aSenebis ufleba, radgan mas

mravalricxovan omebSi adamianTa sisxli hqonda daRvrili. RmerTma auwya daviT

winaswarmetyvels, rom taZars misi Svili-solomoni aaSenebda, romlis mefobis

drosac israelSi mSvidoba daisadgurebda. vinaidan taZarSi gadasvenebamde

aRTqmis kidobani sionze inaxeboda, mTas wminda adgili, uflis samyofeli

daarqves da es saxeli man taZris aSenebis Semdegac SeinarCuna. axal aRTqmaSi

sionma axali brwyinvaleba SeiZina. aq mdebareobda is saxli, romelSic

macxovari da misi mowafeebi ikribebodnen. aq aRasrula macxovarma saidumlo

seroba; aq gadmovida wminda suli uflis mowafeebze macxovris aRdgomidan

ormocdameaTe dRes. aqve, sionis mTaze, cxovrobda ioane maxarebeli. aqve miiZina

yovladwmida RvTismSobelma. saqarTveloSi Zalze gavrcelebulia

RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiebi, romlebic sionad iwodeba. magaliTad,

Tbilisis sioni, bolnisis sioni, atenis sioni da a. S.

sulTmofenobis Semdeg, mociqulebma wili yares, Tu vin, romel qveyanaSi

unda wasuliyo saqadageblad. yovladwminda RvTismSobels wilad xvda

saqarTvelo. gadmocemis mixedviT, RvTismSobeli saqarTveloSi wamosasvlelad

emzadeboda, rodesac ufali gamoecxada da auwya, rom moaxloebuli iyo misi

miZineba – gardacvaleba da amitom mis nacvlad saqarTveloSi mas unda

waregzavna wm. andria pirvelwodebuli. andriam saqarTveloSi yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati CamoabrZana, romelic wminda qalwulis saxeze

dadebiT gamoisaxa. igi awyuris RvTismSoblis xatis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.

mociqulTa moRvaweobis epoqaSi kviprosis episkoposi iyo macxovris mier

mkvdreTiT aRdgenili lazare, romelmac, gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. qalwuli -

mariami kviprosSi miiwvia. qariSxalma xomalds, romelsac RvTismSobeli da

mociquli ioane kviprosSi gadahyavda, gezi Seucvala da is aTonis mTas miadga.

aTonis na-xevarkunZuli savse iyo warmarTuli kerpebiT, aqve iyo apolonis

uzarmazari taZaric. rodesac RvTismSoblis moaxloeba igrZnes, kerpebi Tavad

daimsxvrnen. RvTismSoblis qadagebis Semdeg mosaxleoba moeqca. amitom

uwodeben eklesiis mamebi, maT Soris maqsime berZeni, dimitri rostoveli,

serafim saroveli da sxvebi, aTonis mTas, iveriis Semdeg, RvTismSoblis

wilxvedrs.

SemTxveviTi rodia, rom swored aTonis mTasTan micurda RvTismSoblis

saswaulmoqmedi xati, romelic xatmbrZolobis dros (IX saukune) bizantielma

meomarma SubiT gangmira. xatis naiarevidan sas-waulebrivad daiwyo sisxlma

dena. nikielma RvTismoSiSma qvrivma, xatmebrZolTa mxridan Sebilwvisa da

ganadgurebisagan rom exsna yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xati, zRvis talRebs

miando igi. erT dRes, ivironis monastris berebma zRvis zedapiridan camde

aRmarTuli sveti SeniSnes. es saswauli ramdenime dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi kvlav

ganmeorda. monastrebidan Sekrebilma berebma sanapiroze moiyares Tavi da

SeamCnies, rom cecxlovani sveti RvTismSoblis xatze iyo aRmarTuli. rodesac

masTan miaxloeba daapires, xatma ukan daixia. ase ganmeorda ramdenjerme.

winamZRvris rCeviT, iveronis berebi taZarSi Seikribnen da cremlismieri

locviT SesTxov-

dnen ufals, raTa maTTvis miemadlebina es fasdaudebeli saunje - uwmidesi

xati misi yovladwmida dedisa. im dros iverTa savaneSi angelozebrivi

cxovrebiT gamorCeuli qarTveli beri - gabrieli moRvaweobda. wmida bers

ZilSi zeciuri naTliT gabrwyinebuli RvTismSobeli gamoecxada da uTxra:

`gadaeci winamZRvarsa da sulier Zmebs, rom saTnod miCns Cemi xatis TqvenTvis

momadleba. niSnad amisa, guldajerebiT Sedi zRvaSi da rwmeniT gaiare mis

talRebze. am saswauliT yvela Seityobs Tqveni monastrisadmi Cems Sewevnasa da

mfarvelobas~.

berma gamocxadeba winamZRvars mouTxro da imave diliT ivironis

monastris mamebi savedrebeli galobiT gavidnen zRvis napirze. berma gabrielma

saswaulebrivad gaiara zRvis talRebze da RvTismSoblis xati krZalviT da

sasoebiT amoabrZana napirze. saRvTo sixaruliT aRvsilma mamebma, iqve, patara

samlocvelo aRmarTes da sami dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi daucxromlad

samadlobel paraklisebs aRuvlendnen mowyale RmerTs. am adgilidan oci

nabijis moSorebiT mdgara gumbaTovani eklesia, sadac dausvenebiaT

yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xati. Semdeg ki igi monastris sakurTxevelSi

gadaubrZanebiaT. meore dRes erT-erT bers, romelsac sakurTxevelSi kandeli

unda aenTo, xati sakurT-

xevelSi aRar daxvedria. xangrZlivi Zebnis Sedegad berebs igi monastris

karibWis kedelze aRmouCeniaT. rogorc ki berebi mas sakurTxevelSi

SeabrZanebdnen, meore diliT kvlav karibWis kedelze poulobdnen. yovladwmida

qalwuli kvlav gamocxadebia gabriel bers da ubrZanebia: `auwyeT Zmebs, rom ar

mnebavs, viyo Tqven mier daculi, aramed ufro is msurs, Tavad viyo Tqveni

mcvelica da mfarvelic...~ am gamocxadebis Semdgom xati monastris karibWesTan

daabrZanes sagangebod agebul patara taZarSi. amitom eZaxian RvTismSoblis

saswaulmoqmed xats `portaitisas~, anu `karibWisas~.

uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom RvTismSoblis xati dResac ivironis

monasterSia dasvenebuli, monasterSi, romelic qarTvelTa mier aris aSenebuli.

am monastris mniSvneloba gansakuTrebulia Cveni qveynisTvis, radgan wlebis

ganmavlobaSi aq uaRresad nayofier saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobas eweodnen

wminda ioane da eqvTime mTawmindelebi, wminda giorgi mTawmindeli, ioane beri

da sxva qarTveli mamebi.

andria pirvelwodebulTan erTad, marTalia, saqarTveloSi uflis sxva

mociqulebmac, maT Soris, svimon kananelma, barTlomem, Tadeozma da mataTam

iqadages qristianuli moZRvreba, magram pirvelobis pativi wminda andrias

ekuTvnis da swored is iTvleba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

damaarseblad.

trapizonidan saqarTveloSi Semosulma mociqulebma iqadages lazeTsa

da WaneTSi, Semdeg ki aWaraSi gadainacvles. andria pirvelwodebulma gzad,

mTaSi, zaden-goraze, rkinis didi jvari aRmarTa. RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli

xatiT mravali saswauli moaxdina: adgilobrivi mTavris qvrivis Svili

mkvdreTiT aRadgina, ris Semdeg dedac, Svilic da samcxelebic moinaTlnen.

aRSfoTebul warmarT qurumebs andriam uflis Zalis dasamtkiceblad

SesTavaza RamiT RvTismSoblis xatis datoveba artemidas warmarTul taZarSi.

diliT kerpebi damsxvreuli, xati ki gabrwyinebuli daxvdaT.

samcxelebis TxovniT, andriam xati awyurSi sagangebod agebul patara

ekvderSi daasvena. mogvianebiT bizantiis imperatorma, heraklem, wminda xatis

pativsacemad didi taZari aaSena awyurSi. awyuris RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli

xati saukuneebis manZilze icavs saqarTvelos.

andriam, simon kananelma da mataTam iqadages taoSi, klarjeTSi,

samegreloSi, svaneTSi, afxazebSi, alanebSi, jiqebSi. svimon kananeli afxazeTSi

miicvala da afxazeTSivea dakrZaluli (axal aTonSi). mataTa-aWaraSi, gonioSia,

dakrZaluli. andria pirvelwodebuli q. patraSi (saberZneTSi) ewama laTinuri

`X~ formis jvarze. dRes am qalaqSia misi Tavis qala dasvenebuli.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis taxti iwodeba

andria pirvelwodebulis saydrad, radgan Cveni eklesia mis mier aris

dafuZnebuli. saqarTvelodan wminda andria pirvelwodebuli gaemarTa skviTur

hersonesSi da Semdeg patara daba-bizantionSi da iqac pirveli episkoposi

daadgina. patara bizantioni SemdgomSi marTlmadidebluri samyaros centrad-

konstantinopolad iqca. teritoria, sadac skviTebi cxovrobdnen, SemdegSi

ruseTis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca. SemTxveviTi ar aris is, rom

ruseTis imperiis samxedro sazRvao droSaze andrias jvari gamosaxes. ruseTis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi jildo aris andria pirvelwodebulis

ordeni. giorgi mciris cnobiT, xatmebrZolobis periodSi, guTebis saepiskoposo

kandidati, ioane, episkoposad swored saqarTveloSi, mcxeTaSi ikurTxa, rac

naTeli dadasturebaa imisa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia

yovelTvis ubiwod icavda wminda marTlmadideblur moZRvrebas. Cveni eklesiis

roli yovelTvis mniSvnelovani iyo msoflio marTlmadideb

lobaSi. amis safuZveli uwinaresad unda veZeboT imaSi, rom saqarTvelo

RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyanaa, romlis kurTxeviTac aq qristes pirvelma

mowafem andria pirvelwodebulma jer kidev pirvel saukuneSi daaarsa

qristianuli eklesia.

xucesmonazon giorgi mciris cnobiT, 1047 wels swored andria

pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebis faqtma saSualeba misca

giorgi aTonels daecva antioqiis patriarqis winaSe saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefalia, romelsac maSin eWvqveS ayenebdnen. `wmidao meufeo~, - mimarTa man

patriarqs-`Sen ityÂ, viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaÁsa petres saydarsa vzio

(antioqiis eklesia dafuZnebulia petre mociqulis mier-v.r.). xolo Cuen _

pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa TÂsisa mwodebelisa (pirvelad andria daemowafa

ufals da Semdeg man miiyvana macxovarTan Tavisi Zma petre), (in. 1.42) nawilni

varT da samwysoni, da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni,...- wmidao meufeo,

Suenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas daemorCilos, rameTu petresi

jer ars, raÁTa daemorCilos mwodebelsa TÂssa da Zmasa andrias da raÁTa

Tqven Cuen dagvemorCilneT~. (giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba).

cxadia, rogorc mTel danarCen qristianul samyaroSi, qristianobis

saboloo gamarjvebas da mis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas saukuneebi

dasWirda. romis imperiaSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad iqca IV saukunis

dasawyisSi. amave periodSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda

saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi. bizantiis gavlenis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos

eklesia uZveles epoqaSi yvelaze metad ierusalimis eklesiasTan iyo

dakavSirebuli, rasac adasturebs Tundac is faqti, rom es uZvelesi tipikoni,

romelic saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi gamoiyeneboda, ierusalimuri

warmoSobisa iyo. uaRresad mniSvnelovania isic, rom andria mociqulis Rvawlis

gamgrZelebeli, mociqulTa swori nino, ierusalimidan gamoemgzavra

saqarTveloSi saqadageblad yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa da Tavisi biZis,

ierusalimis patriarqis, iubenalis, kurTxeviT.

g. mcxeTa - `meore ierusalimi~

gasuli saukunis miwuruls saqarTvelom izeima qarTlSi ebraelTa pirvelad

Semosvlis 2006 wlisTavi. sazeimo marTlac gvqonda, vinaidan, qarTvelebisa da

ebraelebis mravalsaukunovani keTilmezobluri tradicia uaRresad

mniSvnelovani magaliTia sarwmunoebiT gansxvavebuli am ori uZvelesi eris

mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobisa. Zv.w.aR. VI saukuneSi ebraelebi pirvelad movidnen

qarTlSi da mcxeTaSi dasaxldnen. elia winaswarmetyvelis xalenTan erTad maT

Tan moitanes erTi RmerTis rwmena, rac qarTvelobas gzas uxsnida, Semecneboda

Zveli aRTqmis sarwmunoebas.

,,qarTlis moqcevis” Satberdul redaqciaSi sagulisxmod aris moTxrobili

elioz mcxeTelisa da longinoz karsnelis ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis ambavi,

mas Semdeg, rac mcxeTaSi mcxovrebma ebraelebma werili miiRes

mRvdelmTavrisagan, rom vinme, rjulismcodne, Casuliyo ierusalimSi da

monawileoba mieRo macxovris gansjaSi. eliozis dedam Svili daariga, rom

damorCileboda mRvdelmTavris mowodebas da wasuliyo ierusalimSi, magram

Tanaziari ar gamxdariyo im ganzraxvisa, rac gulisxmobda macxovris

sikvdiliT dasjas. rodesac macxovari jvars acves golgoTaze, eliozis dedas,

suliwmidis madliT, mcxeTaSi esma jvarze uflis mimsWvalvis (milursmvis) xma

da myisve aResrula im tkiviliT, rom kacTa modgmis mxsneli jvars acves.

macxovris sikvdilis Semdgom, romaelma jariskacebma misi samoseli

gainawiles oTx nawilad. xolo kvarTi, romelic iyo mTliani, daunawevrebeli,

uflis gangebiT, wilad xvdaT mcxeTel ebraelebs. mcxeTaSi Camosul eliozs

daxvda misi da, sidonia da dedis sikvdili auwya. sidoniam gulSi Caikra

macxovris kvarTi da iqve suli ganuteva. igi kvarTTan erTad dakrZales.

sidonias saflavze kiparisis xe amovida. rusuli da sparsuli wyaroebis

mixedviT ki, uflis kvarTi Sah-abasma gaitana saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdgom

ruseTs wargzavnilma Sahis despanma igi imperators miarTva. kvarTi

mogvianebiT, imave cnobis mixedviT, ruseTis erT-erT monasterSi daasvenes. ra

Tqma unda, amgvar cnobebs araviTari saerTo ara aqvs WeSmaritebasTan, radgan

qsovili, romelic mcxeTidan waiRes Sah-abasis laSqrobis dros, ar iyo

macxovris kvarTi. kvarTi, romelic wminda eklesiis mTlianobis simboloa,

mcxeTaSia dafluli da is aravis amouRia sidonias saflavidan. uflis

kvarTzea dafuZnebuli sveticxovlis wmida taZari, romelic saqarTveloSi

arsebuli yvela eklesiis deda eklesiad iwodeba. sveticxovelSi inaxeba aseve

elia winaswarmetyvelis xaleni, romelic erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi siwmindea.

swored macxovris kvarTisadmi Tayvaniscemis survilma STaagona

kabadokiel qalwuls, wm. giorgis naTesavs, cnobili RvTismosavi mSoblebis,

mxedarTmTavar zabulonisa da ierusalimis patriarqis - iubenalis dis,

sosanas, erTaderT qaliSvils saqarTveloSi Camosvla. locvebSi is yoveldRe

evedreboda RvTismSobels mis wilxvedr qveyanaSi gamgzavrebisa da misive

xeliT moqsovili uflis kvarTis Tayvaniscemis nebarTva mieca. Semweobisa da

dalocvis niSnad RvTismSobelma wmida ninos vazis jvari gadasca, romlis

ZaliTac igi sZlevda xilul da uxilav mters. vazis jvari wmindanma Tavisi

TmiT Sekra. (es jvari amJamad sionis sakaTedro taZarSia dasvenebuli)

saqarTveloSi gamomgzavrebis win wminda nino misma biZam, ierusalimis

patriarqma - iubenalma, daloca.

wminda nino samcxe-javaxeTis gziT Semovida qarTlSi da mcxeTaSi

imyofeboda eliozis STamomaval ebrael mRvdelTan, abiaTarTan, da mis asul -

sidoniasTan erTad. dauRalavi qadagebiT, locviT, gaWirvebulTa SewevniTa da

sneulTa kurnebiT (gankurnebulTa Soris iyo dedofali nanac) man jer abiaTar

mRvdeli da misi Svili sidonia, Semdeg dedofali nana, mefe miriani da mTeli

qarTli, Semdeg ki kaxeTi moaqcia qristes rjulze. mefis brZanebiT, daiwyes

didi taZris mSenebloba. moWres erTi naZvi, romlisganac Svidi sveti daamzades.

mSeneblebma verafriT SeZles umTavresi svetis saZirkvelSi damagreba. Sewuxda

mefe miriani, wmida nino da yoveli eri. xalxi mimoifanta. mSeneblobis adgilas

mxolod wmida nino darCa sulier debTan erTad. igi mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi

loculobda da RmerTs evedreboda Semweobas, raTa ar dabrkolebuliyo taZris

mSenebloba. ganTiadisas man ixila uflis angelozi sxivmosili Wabukis saxiT,

romelmac xeli mohkida svets, zemoT waiRo da misTvis gankuTvnil adgilze

daamyara. es umniSvnelovanesi saswauli wmida ninos locvis Sedegad aRsrulda,

rac safuZveli gaxda upirvelesi qarTuli taZris dafuZnebisa.

wminda ninos TxovniT, mirian mefem werili gaugzavna imperator

konstantines da iTxova misgan sasuliero pirebis qarTlSi gamogzavna, raTa

maT aResrulebinaT naTlobis uwmidesi saidumlo. qarTlSi moavlines

episkoposi ioane, mRvdlebi da diakvnebi, romlebmac Tan CamoabrZanes uflis

cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili (ferÃTa ficari) da samsWvalni. qarTuli

werilobiTi wyaros mixedviT, wmida ninosa da mirian mefis TanxmobiT,

mcxeTaSi mokveTes saswaulmoqmedi xe da misgan sami jvari daamzades. mravali

dRis ganmavlobaSi RamiT eklesias varskvlavebiT garSemortymuli cecxlovani

jvari adgeboda Tavs, ganTiadisas ori varskvlavi gamoeyofoda sxvebs, erTi

aRmosavleTisken moZraobda, meore ki - dasavleTisken. Tavad cecxlovani jvari

ki aragvis gaRma, kldovani borcvis Tavze Cerdeboda. wm. ninos rCeviT, erTi

jvari erTi varskvlavis mimarTulebiT, anu dasavleTiT waiRes da TxoTis

mTaze aRmarTes, meore aRmosavleTiT - ujarmaSi, xolo mesame jvris dasadgami

adgili Tavad ufalma amcno mefe mirians - aragvis gadaRma mdebare kldovani

borcvi, sadac aRmarTes umTavresi siwminde - mcxeTis jvari. mogvianebiT aq

aSenda msoflio saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis unikaluri nimuSi - mcxeTis jvris

monasteri. yovelive zemoTqmuli naTlad mianiSnebs saqarTvelos umWidroes

kavSirs qristianuli samyaros imdroindel centrTan - ierusalimTan. SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom sulierebis TvalsazrisiT, mcxeTa aris meore ierusalimi, rasac

adasturebs is saxeldebani, romlebic ierusalimTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba.

ierusalimis sionis taZari, romelic agebulia Tormeti mociqulis saxelze,

analogs poulobs pirvel qarTul taZarTan, sveticxovelTan, romelic `did

sionad~ iwodeba da, romelic aseve Tormeti mociqulis saxelzea aSenebuli.

mcxeTaSi aseve aris beTlemad saxeldebuli gamoqvabuli, Taboris mTa, eleonis,

anu zeTisxilis mTa, golgoTa, beTania, geTsimania da sxva. saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi SesamCnevia qarTvelTa swrafva wmida miwisken. gansakuTrebiT es

exeba ierusalims, sadac araerTi monasteri aaSenes Cvenma winaprebma. wmida

ilia marTlis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Cveni mefeebi, dedoflebi da didebulebi

aranair saxsrebs ar zogavdnen, raTa Semweoba aRmoeCinaT im uwmidesi

samonastro kerebisadmi, romlebic warmoadgenda umniSvnelovanes sulier da

saganmanaTleblo

centrebs. vin icis am monastrebSi, ramdeni qarTveli sasuliero piri, wmida

beri Sevedrebia RmerTs Cveni samSoblos aRorZinebisa da sulieri

gabrwyinebisTvis. RmerTma Seiwiros RvTisTvis saTno maTi locva da Rvawli.

ierusalimi, sulierebis TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelTaTvis meore samSobloa,

romelTanac aris dakavSirebuli macxovris amqvey

niuri moRvaweoba. uZveles epoqaSi qarTvelebi macxovris Sobas, ierusalimuri

tradiciis mixedviT, savaraudod, 6 ianvars, macxovris naTlisRebis dRes,

aRniSnavdnen. ierusalimi qarTvelebisaTvis udidesi siwmindea, rac ganapirobebs

sxvebTan erTad qarTvelTa swrafvas wminda miwis mosalocad.

d. qarTvelebi ierusalimSi

rogorc aRvniSneT, pirvel qarTvel piligrimad da ierusalimis qarTuli

koloniis damfuZneblad qarTveli ufliswuli, bizantiaSi kargad cnobili

saeklesio piri da filosofosi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi (412-491)

iTvleba. mis mier dafuZnebuli pirveli qarTuli (lazTa) monastris nangrevebi,

uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebiTurT, italieli arqeologis virjilio korbos

mier aris aRmoCenili beTlemis udabnoSi. warwerebSi moxseniebuli arian,

rogorc petre iberi, aseve misi winaprebic, rac saqarTveloSi qristianobis

adreul gavrcelebaze miuTiTebs. xolo `lazTa monasteri~ petre iberis

aRmzrdelis, ioane lazis, pativsacemad ewoda. petrem aago qarTuli monasteri

ierusalimSic, sionis mTaze, romelic mogvianebiT imperator iustinianes

ganuaxlebia. V saukunidan XVIII saukunemde qarTuli kolonia erT-erTi

uZlieresi iyo ierusalimSi. qarTvelebi palestinaSi 19 monastersa da eklesias

flobdnen.

qarTuli kulturis, sulierebisa da mwerlobis umniSvnelovanesi da amave

dros, uZvelesi sazRvargareTuli centri, sadac VIII-X saukuneebSi qarTveli

berebi intensiur saganmanaT-

leblo moRvaweobas eweodnen, iyo sabas lavra, sadac moRvaweobdnen cnobili

qarTveli mwignobrebi: martvili monazoni, seiTi, makar leTeTeli, amona,

basili sabawmindeli, arseni, ioane-zosime (romelic aris gadamweri

mniSvnelovani qarTuli Zeglisa - `qebaÁ da didebaÁ qarTulisa enisaÁ~),

svimeon mgalobeli, miqael Cixuareli da sxvebi. aq unda iyos Sesrulebuli IX

saukuneSi qarTuli oTxTavis sabawminduri redaqcia, romelic ixsenieba wm.

giorgi mTawmindlis cnobil anderZSi.

sabas lavra, anu `sabawmindas~ lavra, ierusalimidan samxreT-

aRmosavleTiT, daaxloebiT, 13-15 kilometrze mdebareobs. monastris

damaarsebeli wm. saba ganwmendili (439-532) warmoSobiT (iseve, rogorc wminda

nino) kabadokiidan iyo da qarTvelebTan misi axlo urTierToba gasakviri ar

unda iyos. aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis cno-

biT, bevr kabadokiels qarTuli enac ki esmoda.

kirile skviTopolelis cnobiT, rodesac sabawmindis lavras eretikos

origenes momxreebi daesxnen Tavs, besni (ase uwodebdnen ierusalimSi

qarTvelebs, kerZod lazebs) iordanedan movidnen mo-nastris dasaxmareblad.

eretikosebisgan Seviwroebulma marTlmadidebelma mamebma didi lavris

qsenadoqs Seafares Tavi. hagiografi mogviTxrobs: `miuÃdes mbrZolni igi

didiTa guliswyromiTa da unda, raÁTamca mamani warwymidnes. da viTarca

qsenadoqisa karni daÃSulni povnes, sarkumelni qviTa dalewnes da Sina myofTa

maT qviTa esrodes. da viTarca didad Seaurves mamaTa, erTman vinme, Teodulos

saxeliT, besi monazoni, SewyudobilTa maTgani, aman pova niCabi da aRiRo igi

da qsenadoqiT gamovida. xolo mbrZolni igi iyvnes viTar samas oden, da aman

martoman yovelni ganabnivna. xolo uxeTqna aravis, xolo amas uxeTqnes maT

qviTa, da daeca. da Semdgomad mciredTa dReTa aResrula~. (`mamaTa cxovrebani~,

Tb., 1975, gv. 121).

wm. saba ganwmendilis anderZidan Cans, rom qarTvelebs lavraSi Tavisi

eklesia hqoniaT da RvTismsaxurebas qarTul enaze aRavlendnen. arabTa

batonobis dros monasteri araerTxel daarbies, magram masSi samonastro

cxovreba ar Sewyvetila. aq uaRresad nayofierad moRvaweobdnen qarTvelebi.

sabawmidis saxelganTqmul lavraSi IX saukuneSi ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi

mosagreobda wm. ilarion qarTveli, XI saukuneSi ki - wm. giorgi - proxore,

jvris monastris aRmaSenebeli. monasterSi qarTvelTa nakadi arc mogvianebiT

Sewyvetila: 1567 wels aq imyofeboda f. SaqaraSvili, XVIII - saukunis 80-ian

wlebSi - i. gedevaniSvili, 1820 wels - g. avaliSvili, 1899 wels - p. konWoSvili,

1883 wels _ a. cagareli. SoTa rusTavelis 800 wlis saiubileo dResaswaulis

mzadebisas sabawmindas ewvia qarTvel moRvaweTa jgufi i. ruruas, reJisor g.

pataraias da operator g. melqaZis SemadgenlobiT, rac adasturebs, rom

komunisturi reJimis drosac ki qarTvelebis interesi wminda miwisadmi ar

ganelebula. amis brwyinvale magaliTia ara marto saxelovani qarTveli

mecnierebis saqmianoba, aramed i. abaSiZis Semoqmedebac, misi `palestinuri

dRiurebi~.

X-XI saukuneebSi bevri qarTveli mwignobari beri moRvaweobda palavraSi

_ xaritonis lavraSi, romelic aseve ierusalimTan axlos mdebareobs. eseni

arian: ioane safareli, pavle palavreli, Teodore palavreli, grigol

xaritonwmideli, stefane palavreli da sxv. qarTveli dedebi moRvaweobdnen

ierusalimis dedaTa monasterSi, romelsac dertavi erqva.

wminda miwaze gansakuTrebuli adgili qarTvelebis saqmianobaSi da,

saerTod, saqarTvelos istoriaSi, jvris monasters ukavia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom jvris monastris aRorZineba da misi qarTuli

samonastro da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo cxovrebis udides kerad gadaqceva

dakavSirebulia saqarTvelos `oqros xanasTan~, daviTisa da Tamaris epoqasTan

(XI-XIII ss). saqarTvelo axlo aRmosavleTis Zlier saxelmwifod iqca da

qarTulma kulturam ganviTarebis manamde arnaxul dones miaRwia.

aleqsi tolstois TqmiT, `saqarTvelom Seqmna renesansis yvela

winapiroba da Seqmna jotos donis xelovnebis nimuSebi ori saukuniT jotoze

adre~. imaves amtkicebda didi rusi mecnieri aleqsi losevi. Seiqmna gelaTisa

da iyalTos akademiebi, romlebic saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebis

aRiarebul kerebad iqca. gelaTis akademia iwoda `meore ierusalimad” da `sxvad

aTinad~, radgan Sua saukuneebis es umniSvnelovanesi saRvTismetyvelo skola

Tavis wiaRSi amTlianebda rwmenasa da mecnierebas,

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, WeSmarit rwmenas da WeSmarit codnas. amave epoqaSi,

romelsac `oqros xana` ewoda, Seiqmna SoTa rusTavelis genialuri qarTuli

poema `vefxistyaosani~, romelic qarTuli mravalsaukunovani poeziis

mwvervalia. masSi naTlad ikveTeba misi avtoris, SoTa rusTavelis, udidesi

saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiuri ganswavluloba.

bagrat IV kurapalatis dros, 1030-1060 wlebSi, jvris monasteri

aRadgina wminda mamam, proxore qarTvelma (giorgi SavTelma), romelic iyo

didi qarTveli ganmanaTlebeli da eqvTime aTonelis mowafe. masTan erTad

moRvaweobdnen ioane dvali, miqael dvali, ioane Savi da sxvani. monasterSi

didi mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis paralelurad iqmneboda originaluri

nawarmoebebi, daiwera ramodenime hagiografiuli Txzuleba da Sedga

himnografiuli krebulebi. amave periods ukavSirdeba udidesi wignsacavis

Seqmnac. ierusalimTanaa dakavSirebuli wmida mowameebis, luka ierusalimelis

da nikoloz dvalis, moRvaweobac.

jvarosnebis dros TiTqmis yvela marTlmadidebluri monasteri

kaTolikebis xelSi gadavida, Tumca jvris monasteri qarTvelebs darCaT.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom SoTa rusTavelis freska XII-XIII saukuneebis mijnazea

Sesrulebuli. mas miewereba jvris monastris aRdgena da moxatva. amgvari didi

Rvawlis gamo mo-

nasterSi misi aRapic dauwesebiaT. gadmocemiT, berad aRkvecili genialuri

poeti amave monasterSia dakrZaluli. erT-erTi gavrcelebiuli mosazrebis

mixedviT, Tamaris saflavic aq unda iyos. aseTi versiis safuZvels iZleva erTi

saintereso werili, romelic gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi aRmouCeniaT

safrangeTis arqivebSi. ai, ras wers kaTolike mTavarepiskoposs jvarosani

raindi debua ierusalimidan: `jer yurmokvriT Sevityve, xolo Semdeg sarwmuno

elCebis meSveobiT danamdvilebiT Sevamowme, rom iberieli qristianebis,

romelnic georgianebad(qarTvelebad) iwodebian, didZalma cxenosanma da qveiTma

jarma, RvTis SemweobiT aRfrTovanebulma da Zalzed kargad SeiaraRebulma,

gamoilaSqra urwmuno warmarTebis winaaRmdeg, swrafad dahkra maT da ukve

aiRo samasi cixe da cxra didi qalaqi, romelTaganac Zlierni daipyro, xolo

sustni nacartutad aqcia. zemoaRniSnuli jari moeSureba, raTa gaaTavisuflos

ierusalimis wminda miwa-wyali da daipyros warmarTTa mTeli samyaro. maTi

warCinebuli mefe 16 wlis Wabukia. igi aleqsandre makedonels hgavs vaJkacobiT

da saTnoebiT, magram ara sarwmunoebiT. am Wabuks Tan moaqvs Zvlebi Tavisi

dedisa, uZlieresi mefis Tamarisa, romelsac Tavis droze ierusalims

wamosvlis aRTqma daudvia da uTxovia SvilisaTvis, Tu aRTqmis asruleba ar

damcaldes, Cemi Zvlebi qristes saflavze waiReo. Svils ar daviwyebia dedis

Txovna da gadauwyvetia, wminda qalaqSi gadmoitanos dedis neSti, miuxedavad

imisa, moisurveben amas warmarTni Tu ara~.

laSa-giorgis (1213-1222) es laSqroba sxva masalebiT jerjerobiT ar

dasturdeba, magram savsebiT marTebulad asaxavs daviT aRmaSeneblis mier

gaZlierebul saqarTvelos rols mTel axlo aRmosavleTSi. SemTxveviTi ar

aris, rom mematiane daviT aRmaSenebels uwodebs mesiis maxvils da qristianobis

damcvels.

1244 wels jvarosnebma sabolood dakarges ierusalimi. sanam saqarTvelo

Zlieri iyo, igi qristianobis damcvelad gvevlineboda axlo aRmosavleTSi. im

epoqaSi mcxovrebi erT-erTi kaTolike episkoposis, vitriusis, cnobiT,

`cxovrobs aRmosavleTSi qristiani xalxi - omis moyvaruli da brZolaSi

gamocdili. mas hyavs uamravi mebrZoli, metad daSinebuli hyavs sarkinozni da

Tavdasxmebis dros did zarals ayenebs sparselebs, midielebsa da asurelebs,

romelTa siaxlovesac cxovrobs, vinaidan garSemortymulia urjuloebiT, maT

ewodebaT qarTvelebi. rodesac isini midian qristes saflavis Tavyanissacemad,

wminda qalaqSi Sedian gaSlili droSebiT, baJis gadaxdis gareSe, rac Seexeba

sarkinozebs, isini ver bedaven maTs Sewuxebas, raTa ukan dabrunebisas

qarTvelebma javri ar iyaron maT mezoblad mcxovreb sarkinozebze. qarTvelebi

Zalian aRSfoTebulni arian da emuqrebian koradinuss, damaskos princs, imis

gamo, rom man ganizraxa imaTi survilis gareSe ierusalimis kedlis dangreva,

maSin, rodesac laTinni damietas iRebdnen~. (m. TamaraSvili `qarTuli eklesia

dasabamidan dRemde~, Tb. 1995, gv. 474.)

saqarTvelos dasustebasTan erTad sustdeboda misi poziciebic wminda

miwaze. 1273 wels, mamluqi sulTnebis dros, jvris monasteri meCeTad gadakeTda

da qarTveli berebi monastridan gaaZeves. monastris winamZRvari, `jvris mama~,

wm. luka ierusalimeli, awames da Tavi mohkveTes. aRSfoTebulma qarTvelebma,

monRolTa laSqarSi yofnisas, rodesac monRolebi egviptel sulTans

eomebodnen, brZoliT scades monastris dabruneba, magram uSedegod. mxolod

diplomatiuri molaparakebebis gziT moaxerxa mefe daviT VIII-m monastris

dabruneba da aRdgena. amitomac moixsenieba is monastris aRapSi mis

aRmSeneblad. 1314 wels damaskoSi ewama jvris monastris beri, wm. nikoloz

dvali. Zveli dideba kidev didi xnis manZilze mohyvebodaT qarTvelebs wminda

miwaze. sulTanma ara marto daubruna qarTvelebs jvris monasteri, aramed

jvarosnebis gaZevebis Semdeg mxolod maT misca ufleba-daecvaT uflis

saflavi. amaze didi pativi ers ar Rirsebia. aTwleulebis manZilze mxolod

qarTveli berebi rCebodnen Rame uflis saflavis

taZarSi, mxolod qarTvelebi aRavlendnen wirva-locvas uflis saflavze, maT

epyraT uflis saflavis samlocvelos gasaRebi da ekuTvnodaT golgoTa.

rodesac qristianobis udides siwmindes, macxovris saflavs, uaxlovdebiT da,

miTumetes, rodesac wminda cecxlis gardamosvlas veswrebiT, unda gvaxsovdes,

rom uflis wyalobiT am wminda adgils Cveni winaprebi flobdnen da icavdnen.

dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmida sulsa aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde!

Aamin.

400 wels ierusalimi da jvris monasteri Temur lengs auoxrebia. 1454

wels bizantiis dacemiT qristianTa da maT Soris - qarTvelTa mdgomareoba

kidev ufro gauaresda. Tumca drodadro qarTvelebis gavlena izrdeboda. 1525

wels aRdga qarTvelTa ufleba golgoTaze, beTlemsa da jvris monasterze,

aseve yvela is privilegia, rac qarTvelebs gaaCndaT ierusalimSi. am dros

jvris monasterSi moRvaweobda vinme ColoyaSvili, romelmac laTinebisa da

somxebis mier mitacebuli sakuTrebis dabrunebasTan erTad mo-nasterSi

saganmanaTleblo saqmianobac aRadgina. udidesi wvlili Seitana jvris

monastrisa da qarTvelTa koloniis saqmianobaSi `jvris mamam~, anu monastris

winamZRvarma, nikoloz ColoyaSvilmac. magram, sabolood, qarTvelebma ver

gauZles gaWirvebasa da im did gadasaxadebs, romlebic Turqebma

qristianebisTvis daaweses. maRali gadasaxadebis gamo, ierusalimis berZenma

patriarqebmac ki patriarqis rezidencia konstantinpolSi gadaitanes da

konstantinopolis patriarqs Seekedlnen. somxebs ierusalimSi TavianTi

diaspora hqondaT, maT Soris iyvnen vaWrebi, xelosnebi, SeZlebuli xalxi.

isini somxur-monofizitur eklesias exmarebodnen da amitom gadasaxadebis

gadaxda SeZles. laTinebsa da berZen marTlmadideblebs rogorc maTi

adgilobrivi mrevli, aseve romi da konstantinopolis eparqia exmareboda.

qarTvel berebs mxolod samSoblodan daxmarebis imedi hqondaT, magram,

samwuxarod, yovelTvis ver xerxdeboda daxmarebis gaweva qarTveli berebisTvis.

amitom ierusalimeli qarTvelebi TandaTan iZulebulni gaxdnen, monastrebisa

da eklesiebis qoneba daegiravebinaT. es qoneba saukuneebis manZilze mTlianad

berZnebis, somxebisa da laTinebis xelSi gadavida. ruseTis imperiis mier

saqarTvelos mierTebas, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebas Sedegad mohyva

ierusalimTan kavSiris gawyveta da wminda miwaze arsebuli qarTuli savaneebis

sabolood dakargva. uflis wyalobiT, dRes am kavSirebis TandaTanobiTi

aRdgena xdeba.

e. ebraelTa da qristianTa saeklesio dResaswaulebi

aRdgoma udidesi saeklesio dResaswaulia da momlocvelebi xSirad

wminda miwaze piligrimobas mas ukavSireben. saxarebidan viciT, rom qristes

wameba da jvarcma swored im dRes moxda, rodesac ebraelebs paseqi unda

aReniSnaT. wminda sulis gardamosvla mociqulebze aRdgomidan ormocdameaTe

dRes aRsrulda, maSin rodesac ierusalimSi ormocdaaTianobis dResaswauli

aRiniSneboda, es Zveli aRTqmis rjulis miRebas ukavSirdeboda, ra kavSiri

aqvT ebraul da qristianul dResaswaulebs erTmaneTTan?

ebraelebis paseqi udidesi religiuri dResaswaulia, romelic

ukavSirdeba egviptis tyveobidan ebraelTa gamosvlas. sityva `fasek~, ebraulad

_ `fesax~ `gverdis avlas~ niSnavs da uflis mier egviptel pirvelSobilTa

sikvdiliT dasjisas ebraelTa saxlebis gverdis avlas ukavSirdeba. egviptidan

gamosvlis wina dRes yoveli ebraelis ojaxSi unda dakluliyo sapaseqo

tarigi, romlis sisxliTac jvris niSi unda gamoesaxaT sakuTari saxlebis

karebze. RmerTma mose winaswarmetyvels amcno yvela is wesi, rac daculi unda

yofiliyo paseqis aRsrulebisas.

paseqze yvela ebraelis ojaxi vaxSmad ikribeba, ixseneben tyveobidan

gamosvlas. sadResaswaulo vaxSami iwyeba locva-kurTxeviT, RvTisadmi

madlobiT. qaSeruli RviniT ismeva oTxi sadResaswaulo sadRegrZelo, magram

sufraze aseve dgamen mexuTe Wiqas ilia winaswarmetyvelisaTvis, rac, maTi

rwmeniT, dakavSirebulia bibliur winaswarmetyvelebasTan, rom uflis

sasufevlis dadgomamde da mesiis mosvlamde RmerTi moavlens caSi cocxlad

amaRlebul ilia winaswarmetyvels (mal. 4.5). amitomac ekiTxebodnen

farisevlebi ioane naTlismcemels, Tu vin iyo is - mesia Tu ilia

winaswarmetyveli (in. 1.19-21).

ebrauli paseqis wina dRes ufalma ieso qristem gamarTa saidumlo

seroba Tavis mowafeebTan sionis qorSi. es iyo macxovris mier aRsrulebuli

axali paseqi Zvelis nacvlad. swored am dRes daawesa qristem wminda ziarebis

saidumlo. amave dRes man fexebi dabana Tavis mowafeebs, riTac Tavmdablobis

udidesi magaliTi misca maT. Zveli aRTqmis rjulis miRebis dRes mosem

samsxverplod Sewiruli zvarakis sisxli apkura ers da uTxra: `ese ars sisxli

aRTqumisaÁ, romeli aRuTqua ufalman yovelTaTÂs sityvaTa amaT~ (gam. 24.8).

macxovarma ki, rogorc wminda luka maxarebeli gvauwyebs, saidumlo serobisas

Tavis xorcsa da si