qartuli enis flobis doneebis arweriloba
TRANSCRIPT
qarTuli enis flobis doneebis
aRweriloba
REFERENCE LEVEL DESCRIPTION FORTHE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE
A1 • A2 • B1 • B2
Tbilisi Tbilisi
2006
proeqtis xelmZRvaneli profesori marika oZeli
redaqtorebi: profesori kaxa gabunia
profesori vladimer kikilaSvili
proeqtze muSaobdnen: nino nakudaSvili, Wabuki qiria, nino
SaraSeniZe, salome SaraSeniZe, lela wiqariSvili
dizaineri mariam kalandaZe
wigni gamoica evropis sabWos finansuri mxardaWeriT
naSromi Sesrulda saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministrosa da evropis sabWos erToblivi proeqtis farglebSi
Sinaarsi
Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 ÛÛ
1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba ........................................................................................ 9Û
1.1 koncefcia ............................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema ..................................... 12
1.3 enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi ................................................................. 17
2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi zrdasruli
SemswavlelebisaTvis ...................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 sametyvelo qmedebebi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................ 182.2 zogadi cnebebi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................................ 512.3 Tematuri leqsika (A1 - B2) ............................................................................................... 822.4 kulturuli aspeqti (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................... 149
3 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi mozardisSemswavlelebisaTvis ...................................................................................................................... 165
4 teqstis tipebi ............................................................................................................................... 212
4.1 wakiTxva ................................................................................................................................................. 212
4.2 audireba ............................................................................................................................................... 213
4.3 wera ............................................................................................................................................................ 214
5 strategiebi ........................................................................................................................................ 215
5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi ............................................................................................... 215
5.2 swavlis swavleba ...................................................................................................................... 217
5.3 urTierTobis taqtika ............................................................................................................ 218
6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi ............................................................ 225
6.1 audireba (A1 - B2) ......................................................................................................................... 2256.2 wakiTxva (A1 - B2) .......................................................................................................................... 2286.3 dialogi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................................................... 2316.4 monologi (A1 - B2) ...................................................................................................................... 2346.5 wera (A1 - B2) ...................................................................................................................................... 237
7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da gramatikis
konspeqturi aRweriloba ........................................................................................................... 241
7.1 fonetika ............................................................................................................................................... 242
7.2 morfologia ................................................................................................................................... 243
7.3 sintaqsi .................................................................................................................................................. 255
reziume inglisur enaze .............................................................................................................. 260
CONTENTS
Foreword by Prof. Marika Odzeli ............................................................................. 51. General Description of the Work .......................................................................... 91.1 Conception .......................................................................................................... 91.2 Common European Reference Levels ................................................................... 121.3 Communicative Aims of Teaching Languages ........................................................ 17
2 Communicative Competences for Adult Lerners ................................................... 182.1 Speech Acts (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................ 182.2 General Notions (A1 - B2) .................................................................................. 512.3 Thematic Vocabulary (A1 - B2) ........................................................................... 822.4 Cultural Aspect (A1 - B2) .................................................................................... 149
3 Communicative Competences for Schoolchildren .................................................. 165
4 Types of Texts ..................................................................................................... 2124.1 Reading ............................................................................................................... 2124.2 Listening .............................................................................................................. 2134.3 Writing ................................................................................................................. 214
5 Strategies ............................................................................................................. 2155.1 The Means of Compensation ................................................................................ 2155.2 Teaching How to Learn ........................................................................................ 2175.3 Tactics of Communication ..................................................................................... 218
6 Samples of Reference levels for Georgian ............................................................. 2256.1 Listening (A1 - B2) .............................................................................................. 2256.2 Reading (A1 - B2) ............................................................................................... 2286.3 Spoken Interaction (A1 - B2) ............................................................................... 2316.4 Spoken Production (A1 - B2) .............................................................................. 2346.5 Writing (A1 - B2) ................................................................................................. 237
7 Brief Description of the Phonetics and Grammar of the Georgian Language ............ 2417.1 Phonetics ............................................................................................................. 2427.2 Morphology ......................................................................................................... 243
7.2 Syntax ................................................................................................................ 255
Summary ...................................................................................................................... 260
5
ra ena waxdes, eric daeces
grigol orbeliani
SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali
amieridan mravalenovani evropis enobriv standartebs Seemateba qarTuli
enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba A1; A2; B1; B2. sxvadasxva enis flobis
doneebis aRwerilobaTa matebas didi wvlili Seaqvs evropis sabWos
enis politikis Semdgom warmarTvaSi, romelic pirvelyovlisa mimarTulia
evropis mosaxleobis Tavisufali gadaadgilebisa da urTierTgagebisaken.
enobrivi standartebi evropis kontinentze ganfenil enobriv da
kulturul mravalferovnebaSi SeRwevis saSualebas aZlevs da
ucxoerovnul garemoSi adaptaciis process uadvilebs mosaxleobis
yvela fenas.
qarTuli enis standartis Seqmnis aucilebloba Tanamedrove moTxovnebma
ganapiroba. vimedovnebT, rom igi xels Seuwyobs TanamSromlobis
gafarToebas saqarTvelosa da evropis sxva qveynebs Soris. qarTuli
enis standarti mniSvnelovan pirobas warmoadgens erT saerTo aRwerilobaze
orientirebisaTvis, vinaidan igi saswavlo process erTian mimarTulebas
miscems rogorc CvenSi, aseve ucxoeTSi.
cxovrebiseul mizans enis Seswavla ki ar warmoadgens, aramed misi gamoyeneba
adamianis survilebis dasakmayofileblad (magaliTad, misTvis evropis
masStabiT saintereso an maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuris Sovna, Tavisufali
drois sasiamovnod gatareba, ganaTlebis miReba, kargad dasveneba...). am
TvalsazrisiT ucxouri enis Seswavla axal perspeqtivebs sTavazobs
Semswavlelebs.
qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba gankuTvnilia maswavleblebisTvis,
SemfaseblebisTvis, meTodistebisTvis, saswavlo programebisa da
saxelmZRvaneloebis SemdgenlebisTvis, saswavlo literaturis
gamomcemlebisa da redaqtorebisTvis, aseve TviT Semswavlelebisa da
yvela imaTTvis, visac saqme aqvs qarTulis, rogorc meore an ucxouri
enis swavlebasTan rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT.
naSromi moicavs aucilebel moTxovnaTa minimalur lingvodidaqtikur
aRwerilobas enis swavlebis konkretuli donis praqtikulad
flobisaTvis da aseve Seicavs kulturul komponents.
ucxouri enebis swavlebis praqtikaSi dResdReobiT miRebulia
komunikaciuri midgoma, romelic fokusirebulia enis Seswavlaze, rogorc
SemswavlelTaTvis aqtualur, cxovrebiseul situaciebSi urTierTobis
saSualebaze. komunikaciuri swavlebis mTavari mizania SemswavlelebSi
ucxoenovani komunikaciuri kompetenciebis im moculobiT formireba,
6
romelic maT cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis saSualebas
miscems. mocemul standartSic yuradReba swored komunikaciur
midgomazea gadatanili.
qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba orientirebulia maTze,
visTvisac sasurveli an aucilebelia qarTuli enis Seswavla rogorc
yoveldRiuri urTierTobisTvis, aseve profesiuli komunikaciuri
moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis,
mewarmeobis, ekonomikisa da vaWrobis sferoSi. winamdebare standarti
gaTvlilia zrdasruli SemswavlelebisTvis, romlebic saqarTveloSi
Camodian turistulad, mivlinebiT, kerZo mowveviT, profesiuli, saqmiani
interesebiT. es standarti xels Seuwyobs qarTuli eniT dainteresebul
ucxoel mecnierebs Tanamedrove qarTuli enis komunikaciuri kompetenciis
gafarToebaSi, ucxoeTSi mimobneuli qarTuli diasporebis momaval
Taobebsa da aseve saqarTveloSi mcxovreb erovnul umciresobebs,
gansakuTrebiT im regionebSi, sadac rig soflebSi mTlianad araqarTuli
mosaxleobaa da Sesabamisad araqarTulenovani garemoa, rac imas niSnavs,
rom qarTuli faqtobrivad iswavleba ara rogorc meore ena, aramed
rogorc ucxouri ena.
naSromSi aseve gaTvaliswinebulia mozardi Semswavlelebis interesebi
da maTTvis calke Tavadaa mocemuli komunikaciuri kompetenciebis ganviTarebis
etapebi.
qarTulis, rogorc meore an ucxouri enis aRweris cda im parametrebiT,
romlebic miRebulia evropis TanamegobrobaSi, ganapirobebs mis
integrirebas ganaTlebisa da sertificirebis saerTaSoriso sistemaSi
da mis ganxilvas saerToevropul enaTa erTobis erT-erTi enis rangSi.
qarTuli ena saqarTvelos garda misi mezobeli qveynebis teritoriazec
gamoiyeneba. saxeldobr, TurqeTSi, iranSi, azerbaijanSi. ukanaskneli ori
aTeuli wlis manZilze sagrZnoblad gaizarda qarTuli diasporebi
evropisa da amerikis kontinentze.
qarTuli ena saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enaa. qarTuli samwerlobo ena
qarTl-kaxur dialeqts efuZneba. igi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxs miekuTvneba
da am ojaxis uZvelesi samwerlobo enaa.
iberiul-kavkasiuri enebia: qarTuli, zanuri (megrul-Wanuri), svanuri,
afxazuri, Cerqezuli (adiReuri), ubixuri, wova-TuSuri, CaCnuri, inguSuri,
daRestnuri enebi da baskuri, romelsac aseve iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa
ojaxs miakuTvneben.
qarTuli, zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) da svanuri qarTveluri enebia. TiToeuli
maTgani Tavisi gramatikuli wyobiTa da leqsikuri fondiT aris ena da
aqvs Tavisi dialeqtebi.
7
qarTuli enis dialeqtebia: qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, raWuli,
leCxumuri, aWaruli, mesxur-javaxuri, fSauri, xevsuruli, mTiulur-
gudamayruli, moxeuri, TuSuri, ingilouri (dRevandeli Aazerbaijanis
teritoriaze), fereidnuli (dRevandeli iranis teritoriaze), imerxeuli
(dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriaze).
zanuri enis dialeqtebia megruli da Wanuri (lazuri). Wanebis anu lazebis
didi nawili dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriazea dasaxlebuli, mcire
nawili ki saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrobs.
svanuri enis dialeqtebia: balszemouri, balsqvemouri, lentexuri da
laSxuri.
qarTuli enis uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebi – warwerebi, xelnawerebi,
saistorio da iuridiuli dokumentebi did masalas iZleva qarTuli
yofis, saliteraturo enis, qarTuli kulturis istoriis Sesaswavlad.
aseTebia beTlemis qarTuli monastris warwerebi (Vs. I nax.), bolnisis
sionis taZris warwerebi (Vs. bolo), ukangoris warwerebi (VIs. dasawyisi),
mcxeTis jvris warwerebi (VI-VIIss), sahakduxtis warwera (Vs.), davaTis
stela (IVs. II nax.), wyisis warwerebi (616-619ww.), kumurdos warwerebi
(VIIs.), atenis sionis (739w), iSxnis (954-955ww.) warwerebi...
qarTuli enis Zalian Zveli werilobiTi Zeglebia xelnawerebi, romelTa
ricxvi 10 000-s aRemateba. maTgan bevri dakargulia, bevric sxvadasxva
qveyanaSia gabneuli. 1000-ze meti qarTuli xelnaweri V-XII saukuneebisaa.
filosofiuri da saistorio xasiaTis xelnawerebi X-XIII saukuneebs
ganekuTvneba, iuridiuli XI saukunidan iCens Tavs.
uZvelesi qarTuli istoriul-literaturuli Txzulebebidan Cvenamde
moRweuli pirveli originaluri nawarmoebia wameba wmidisa mowamisa
SuSanikisi (476-482 ww.). sasuliero mwerlobis metad Rirebuli Zeglebia
evstaTi mcxeTelis wameba, abo tfilelis wameba, grogol xanZTelis
cxovreba, ninos cxovreba da a.S.
qarTuli anbani erT-erTi uZvelesia msoflioSi. qarTulma damwerlobam
ganviTarebis sami safexuri ganvlo: asomTavruli (mrgvlovani), nusxuri,
mxedruli. asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebi
V-IX saukuneebisaa. mxedruli anbanis yvelaze Zvel nimuSad iTvleba
atenis sionis erT-erTi warwera (982-986ww.). mxedruli anu saero
damwerloba qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis bolo safexuria. am anbaniT
vsargeblobT dResac.
Tanamedrove qarTul anbanSi 33 aso-bgeraa. Cveni anbanis Rirsebaa is, rom
bgerebs iseve vwerT, rogorc gamovTqvamT da piriqiT, gamovTqvamT ise,
rogorc vwerT. yovel asos Tavisi saxeli aqvs. qarTuli asoebi, maTi
saxelebi da transkrifcia amgvarad gamoiyureba:
8
a an a s san s
b ban b t tar t
g gan g u un u
d don d f far p
e en e qQ qan k
v vin v R Ran gh
z zen z yY yar q
T Tan t S Sin sh
i in i C Cin ch
k kan k c can c
l las l Z Zil dz
m man m w wil ts
n nar n W War tsh
o on o x xan kh
p par p j jan j
J Jan zh hH hae h
r rae r
winamdebare standarti qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRwerilobis
pirveli cdaa da amdenad mas ara aqvs srulyofilebis pretenzia.
avtorTa koleqtivi siamovnebiT miiRebs sasargeblo rCevebs am standartis
Semdgomi daxvewisaTvis.
marika oZeli
enis politikis erovnuli
warmomadgeneli evropis sabWoSi
9
1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba
1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia
qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba Sedis Tanamedrove evropuli
enebis lingvodidaqtikur aRwerilobaTa sferoSi, romelic sruldeba
evropis sabWos egidiT ucxouri enebis komunikaciuri swavlebis farglebSi.
komunikaciuri midgoma miznad isaxavs upirveles yovlisa evropis xalxTa
enobrivi da kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebas, Senaxvasa da
ganviTarebas. amasTanave igi xels uwyobs xalxTa mobilurobis zrdas,
teqnikur-samecniero informaciis, ideebis, kulturuli da ekonomikuri
miRwevebis, profesiuli kadrebisa Tu momsaxure personalis gacvla-
gamocvlas. komunikaciuri midgoma ZiriTadad orientirebulia
Semswavlelebze ise, rom maT SeZlon realur, cxovrebiseul situaciebSi
garkveva da urTierTobis damyareba.
enobrivi ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis standartebis Seqmnas didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba, vinaidan masSi ganisazRvreba swavlebis mizani ––
swavlebis strategia da taqtika. qarTuli enis flobis doneebis
aRweriloba SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos SemswavlelTa sxvadasxva
jgufisa da swavlebis sxvadasxva formisaTvis Sesadgen programebs;
saxelmZRvaneloebs, saswavlo literaturas; konkretul miznobriv
kursebs; testebs, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba qarTuli enis flobis
donis sertificireba. amasTanave, Semswavlelebs saSualebas miscems Tavad
gansajon sakuTari enobrivi unar-Cvevebi.
enobrivi standartebi uzrunvelyofs saswavlo procesis unificirebas.
igi xels uwyobs metyvelebis produqtiuli (laparaki, wera) da receptiuli
(kiTxva, smeniTi aRqma) saxis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas yoveldRiuri da
saqmiani urTierTobebis sferoSi. sametyvelo aqtivobis modeli
Semdegnairad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:
aqtivoba forma unar-Cvevebi
interaqcia zepiri mosmena da laparaki
interaqcia weriTi wakiTxva da wera
recefcia zepiri mosmena
recefcia weriTi wakiTxva
producireba zepiri laparaki
producireba weriTi wera
metyveleba zepiri Tarjimnoba
metyveleba weriTi Targmna
10
enis komunikaciuri swavlebis ZiriTadi lingvisturi da meToduri
principebi da enaTa aRwerilobis parametrebi enis swavlebis miznebis
gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba. komunikaciuri midgomisas yuradReba
gadatanilia gagebaze, Sinaarsis gadmocemaze, azris gamoxatvaze. enis
struqturisa da leqsikis Seswavlac swored amas emsaxureba.
komunikaciuri kompetencia araerTi komponentisgan Sedgeba. saxeldobr,
_ lingvisturi
_ sociolingvisturi
_ diskursuli
_ sociokulturuli
_ socialuri
_ strategiuli
lingvisturi kompetencia komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis mTavari
komponentia. sityvebisa da gramatikuli formebis gamouyeneblad
verbaluri komunikacia ver Sedgeba. lingvisturi kompetencia niSnavs
leqsikuri erTeulebis marags, swori gramatikuli formebisa da
sintaqsuri wyobis codnas, romlis saSualebiTac leqsikuri erTeulebi
gaazrebul gamoTqmebad gadaiqceva da Semswavlelebis mier iseTive
mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, rogoriTac qarTuli enis matareblebis mier.
lingvisturi kompetencia aseve iTvaliswinebs qarTuli enis normebis
Sesatyvis agebuli konstruqciebis gagebas.
sociolingvisturi kompetencia niSnavs enobrivi formebis situaciis
Sesabamisad gamoyenebis unars. konteqsti (vin, visTan, sad, ris gamo, ra
mizniT amyarebs urTierTobas) gansazRvravs enobrivi formebis SerCevas.
diskursuli kompetencia niSnavs teqstis konstruirebisa da
interpretirebisaTvis Semswavlelis mier garkveuli strategiis
gamoyenebis unars. komunikaciur modelebSi garkveuli gamoTqmebis
Tanmimdevrulobis miRwevasTan erTad, diskursuli kompetencia gagebis
unarsac iTvaliswinebs.
sociokulturuli kompetencia gulisxmobs qarTuli erovnul-
kulturuli specifikis (tradiciebi, Cvevebi, socialuri mdgomareoba,
ritualebi, qveyanaTmcodneoba, cxovrebis wesi, normebi) codnas da qarTuli
enis gamoyenebiT qarTul sociokulturul garemoSi Seqmnil situaciebSi
orientirebis, sirTuleebis gadalaxvis unars.
socialuri kompetencia gamoixateba sxvebTan urTierTobis survilsa
da SesaZleblobaSi. xalxTan komunikaciis damyarebiT mosaubrem Tavi
unda gaarTvas sazogadoebaSi Seqmnil sxvadasxva situacias.
strategiuli kompetenciis gamoyeneba enis SezRudulad flobis
kompensirebis saSualebas aZlevs Semswavlels. ucxoenovan garemoSi
verbaluri da araverbaluri strategiebiT manipulireba da socialuri
urTierTobis unari avsebs codnis xarvezs.
11
es standarti komunikaciuri kompetenciis yvela komponents iTvaliswinebs.
igi Sedgeba Sesavlis, 7 Tavis, 22 qveTavisa da reziumisagan.
SesavalSi mocemulia qarTuli enisa da anbanis, uZvelesi werilobiTi
Zeglebis zogadi aRweriloba.
pirvel TavSi formulirebulia koncefcia, warmodgenilia naSromis
struqtura, ganxilulia enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema
da enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi.
meore Tavi _ komunikaciuri kompetenciebi zrdasrulTaTvis Sedgeba
oTxi qveTavisagan: sametyvelo qmedebebi, zogadi cnebebi, Tematuri leqsika,
kulturuli aspeqti. igi warmoadgens komunikaciuri kompetenciebis
detalur aRwerilobas. sametyvelo qmedebebi sakiTxebis mixedviT
aerTianebs enobriv gamoTqmebs. zogadi cnebebi kategoriebis mixedviTaa
aRwerili, leqsikis codna Tematuradaa ganlagebuli, xolo kulturuli
aspeqti or jgufad aris gayofili _ sociokulturuli qceva da ZiriTadi
qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnebebi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom komunikaciuri
kompetenciebi mocemulia doneebis mixedviT im varaudiT, rom yoveli
momdevno donis Semswavleli unda flobdes wina dones. momdevno doneze
wina donis masala faqtobrivad aRar meordeba da Tu meordeba, mxolod
variantebis saxiT, romelSic aisaxeba ama Tu im frazis TandaTan
garTuleba, leqsikis gamdidreba.
mesame TavSi – komunikaciuri kompetenciebi mozardTaTvis Sesulia
qarTuli enis flobis doneebis saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministros mier dadgenili standarti araqarTveli moswavleebisaTvis.
meoTxe Tavi – audirebisa da wakiTxvis teqstebis tipebsa da Janrebs,
weris unar-Cvevebs exeba.
mexuTe TavSi aRwerilia komunikaciuri strategiebi – sakompensacio
saSualebebi, swavlis swavleba da urTierTobis taqtika.
meeqvse Tavi eTmoba enis flobis doneebis nimuSs unar-Cvevebis mixedviT.
masSi naCvenebia ra unda icodes Semswavlelma enis flobis sxvadasxva
doneze A1-dan B2-mde. am standartul aRwerilobaSi SeiZleba Tvali
gavadevnoT sakomunikacio arealis TandaTanobiT gafarToebas enobrivi
unar-Cvevebis fonze.
naSromis bolo TavSi mocemulia qarTuli enis mokle fonetikuri,
morfologiuri da sintaqsuri aRweriloba.
12
1.2Eenis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema
zogadevropuli enis politika Tanamedrove enebis Seswavlis, swavlebisa
da SefasebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs enebis flobis eqvs donian sistemas,
romelic iyofa jer sam msxvil erTeulad – A, B, C, xolo TiToeul
maTganSi ori ZiriTadi done gamoiyofa:
komunikaciur amocanaTa SesrulebisaTvis saWiro enobrivi kategoriebis,
funqciebis, gramatikisa da leqsikis analizis safuZvelze enis flobis
doneebi Semdegnairad aris gansazRvruli:
� A1 done – enis gasaRebi iTvleba enis Fflobis yvelaze dabal
doned. es aris etapi, romelzec Semswavlels SeuZlia Zalian
martiv saubarSi monawileoba; piradi xasiaTis SekiTxvebis dasma,
an maTze pasuxis gacema. magaliTad, sad cxovrobs, vin aris, axlobeli
adamianis Sesaxeb laparaki; SeuZlia nacnob an misTvis saintereso
Temebze saubris dawyeba da gagrZeleba; amasTanave Semswavleli
ar eyrdnoba mxolod dazepirebul frazaTa SezRudul
repertuars, romelic exeba gansazRvrul situacias.
� A2 done Seesabameba safuZvlis donis specifikaciebs. swored am
doneze warmoCndeba im deskriptorTa umetesoba, romelic enis
socialur funqcias asaxavs. magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia
yoveldRiuri martivi, misalmebisa da mimarTvis zrdilobiani
formebis gamoyeneba; pirovnebasTan misalmeba, misi ambebis
gamokiTxva da reagireba miRebul pasuxze; sayofacxovrebo
xasiaTis mokle saubarSi monawileoba; SekiTxvis dasma an sxvis
SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, Tu SekiTxva exeba mis samsaxurs an
Tavisufal dros; mowvevis miRebaze reagireba, an sxvisi mowveva;
drois ganawileba: imis dagegmva, Tu rogor moiqces, sad wavides,
moilaparakos Sexvedris Taobaze, SesTavazos azri, an upasuxos
raime SemoTavazebas. garda amisa, amave doneze Cndeba deskriptorebi,
romlebic exeba yoveldRiur yofiT Temebs. magaliTad, maRaziaSi,
bankSi, an fostaSi moqceva, sazogadoebrivi transportiT
sargebloba: avtobusSi, matarebelSi, taqsSi elementaruli
informaciis moTxovna; gzis gakiTxva an Cveneba, bileTis yidva;
yoveldRiuri moxmarebis sagnebis an momsaxurebis moTxovna.
B1zRvruli
Aelementarulad
floba
A1enis
gasaRebi
A2enis
safuZveli
Bdamoukideblad
floba
B2zRvruli
ganviTarebuli
CTavisuflad
floba
C1profesiuli
C2srulyofili
13
� enobriv CvevaTa Semdegi plasti Seesabameba safuZvlis
gaZlierebulad flobas _ A2+. es done gamoirCeva saubarSi ufro
aqtiuri monawileobiT, Tumca Semswavleli kvlav SezRudulia
gamoxatvis formebis xmarebaSi da SeiZleba dasWirdes mosaubris
daxmareba. am donis deskri ptorebi SeiZleba amgvarad
davaxasiaToT: Semswavlels SeuZlia saubris dawyeba da saubarSi
monawileoba; ukve esmis imdeni, rom Zaldatanebis gareSe warmarTos
yofiT Temebze saubari; SeZlebs informaciis gacvlas, azris naTlad
gadmocemas da gaziarebas nacnob Temebze, yoveldRiur
gaTvaliswinebul situaciebSi im pirobiT, rom Seferxebisas
mosaubre mas daexmareba formulirebis CamoyalibebaSi; zogjer
iZulebulia uari Tqvas nafiqralis gadmocemaze sityvieri masalis
naklebobis gamo. Tu mosaubre mas daexmareba, sakmaod dajerebulad
SeuZlia mkafio struqturis mqone saubarSi monawileoba, Ria
ganxilvaSi ki es SesaZlebloba ezRudeba. amave dros es done
iTvaliswinebs monologis farTo SesaZleblobas. ase, magaliTad,
am doneze myof Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT Tavisi
grZnobebis gadmocema, misi garemomcveli samyarosa da
yoveldRiurobis (adamianebi, adgilebi, samsaxuri, swavla) detaluri
aRwera; warsul cxovrebaze, pirad gamocdilebaze, zne-Cveulebebze
saubari; gegmebisa da molaparakebebis Sesaxeb ambebis moyola;
axsna imisa, Tu ra moswons, an ra ar moswons; sayvareli cxovelebisa
an nivTebis Sesaxeb laparaki; movlenaTa martivi eniT aRwera;
enis elementaruli aRwerilobiTi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT mokled
saubari misi kuTvnili sagnebis Sesaxeb, maTi erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
� B1 done Seesabameba zRvruli donis im specifikaciebs, romlebic
ucxo qveyanaSi mokle droiT CamsvlelTadmia mimarTuli. es done
ori gansxvavebuli niSniT xasiaTdeba.
pirveli niSania is, rom Semswavlels, romelic am dones flobs, SeuZlia
dialogis warmarTva da komunikaciis miznis miRweva mTel rig
gansxvavebul situaciebSi. magaliTad, esmis mis garSemo mimdinare
xangrZlivi msjelobis ZiriTadi arsi, Tu saubari neli tempiT da
saliteraturo eniT aris warmarTuli, SeuZlia sakuTari azris gamoTqma
an megobrul saubarSi sxvaTa azris gamokiTxva, Tavisi gamonaTqvamis
azris naTlad da mkafiod gamoxatva; martivi enobrivi saSualebebis
didi odenobiT da sakmaod Tavisuflad gamoyeneba TiTqmis yvela
nebismieri azris gadmosacemad; sxvaTa saubarSi an ganxilvaSi CarTva,
Tumca Znelia miyves maT azrebs, roca isini cdiloben zusti gamoTqmebis
SerCevas; laparakobs gasagebad, magram SesamCnevi pauzebiT, rac
gramatikuli konstruqciebis mosafiqreblad, leqsikurad gasaformeblad
sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT monologuri metyvelebis xangrZliv monakveTSi.
am donis meore maxasiaTebeli mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Semswavlels,
romelic am dones flobs, SeuZlia daZlios yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli
amocanebi, magaliTad, SeuZlia Tavi gaarTvas: sazogadoebriv transportSi
wamoWril naklebad standartul situaciebs, situaciaTa umetesobas,
14
romlebic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas agentis saSualebiT mogzaurobis
dagegmvisas, an uSualod mogzaurobis dros, nacnob Temaze saubars
winaswari momzadebis gareSe; SeuZlia konsultaciis an intervius procesSi
iniciativis xelSi aReba, raime sakiTxis wamoweva, magram am dros bevrad
aris damokidebuli mosaubreze, Tumca SeuZlia sTxovos mosaubres
naTqvamis ganmarteba an dazusteba.
� enobriv CvevaTa Semdegi wyeba Seesabameba zRvrul gaZlierebul
dones B1+. cxadia, CamoTvlili maxasiaTeblebi ZalaSi rCeba, magram
emateba mTeli rigi deskriptorebi, romlebic exeba sxvadasxva
moculobis informaciis gacvlis unars, magaliTad, Semswavlels
SeuZlia wamoWril problemebTan dakavSirebuli Setyobineba-
moTxovnis miReba; im faqtobrivi informaciis warmodgena, romelic
aucilebelia intervius an konsultaciis procesSi (magaliTad,
avadmyofobis simptomebis aRwera eqimTan), Tumca formulireba
SeiZleba yovelTvis zusti ar iyos; SeuZlia ganmartos Tu ratomaa
esa Tu is sakiTxi Tu movlena problemuri; SeuZlia mokle
moTxrobis, statiis, saubris Sinaarsis, msjelobis, dokumenturi
filmis ganxilvis gadmocema, maTze Tavisi damokidebulebebis
gamoxatva da pasuxis gacema mTel rig damazustebel SekiTxvaze,
winaswar momzadebuli saubris warmarTva, intervius aReba mis xelT
arsebuli informaciis SemowmebiTa da dazustebiT, Tumca xSirad
svams SekiTxvas gadamowmebis mizniT, rodesac mosaubre pasuxobs
swrafad da vrclad; SeuZlia zusti miTiTebebis gamoyenebiT moyves
rogor keTdeba esa Tu is saqme; sakmaod dajerebulad SeuZlia
dagrovili faqtobrivi informaciis gacvla misi interesebis
sferoSi arsebul yofiT da ara yofiT sakiTxebze.
� B2 done dgas zRvrul da safuZvel doneebze (B1, A2) maRla da
ewodeba zRvruli ganviTarebuli done. es imas niSnavs, rom saSualo
donis dauflebisas Semswavleli xvdeba, rom miaRwia xarisxobrivad
axal wertils, saidanac axali horizontebi ikveTeba da mas ukve
SeuZlia axleburad Sexedos sagnebsa da movlenebs. aseT
STabeWdilebas axdens B2 donis deskriptorebi. am doneze myof
Semswavlels SeuZlia sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dacva saTanado
argumentebisa da ganmartebebis moSveliebiT, sakuTari komentarebis
demonstrirebiT, sakuTari Sexedulebis gamoxatva aqtualuri
sakiTxebis irgvliv dadebiT Tu uaryofiT argumentebze dayrdnobiT,
raime dasabuTebis warmodgena, problemis arsis axsna da molaparakebis
procesSi daTmobis moTxovna mowinaaRmdege mxarisagan, msjeloba
movlenaTa hipoTeturi ganviTarebis sababsa da mizezebze, nacnob
Tematikaze araformalur diskusiaSi aqtiuri monawileobis miReba,
alternatiul winadadebaTa awon-dawona, hipoTezis Sesaxeb azris
gamoTqma, sakuTari hipoTezis wamoweva. garda amisa, aRniSnul doneze
Cndeba deskriptorTa ori axali jgufi.
pirveli jgufi exeba Tavisufali urTierTobis sferos, magaliTad:
bunebrivi, Zaldautanebeli saubris warmarTva, yvelafris dawvrilebiT
15
gageba, rasac saliteraturo eniT eubnebian, Tundac xmauri uSlides xels;
arc Tu ise daxvewili formiT, magram SeuZlia saWiro momentSi saubris
dawyeba, gagrZeleba da dasruleba, saubris Semavsebeli sityvebis
gamoyeneba (mag. Zneli saTqmelia, ver getyvi, ramdenad...) drois mogebisa
da pasuxis Camoyalibebis mizniT; SeuZlia Tavisuflad da moumzadeblad
saubari Sesaswavli enis matarebelTan, saubris mimarTulebis, stilis,
aqcentis SecvlasTan Segueba; enis matarebelTan kontaqtSi Sesvla ise,
rom mosaubres SeeZlos masTan urTierToba ara rogorc enis
SemswavlelTan, aramed rogorc ukve enis matarebelTan.
deskriptorTa meore jgufi miekuTvneba enis ufro srulyofilad
flobas. es enis codnis is progresuli safexuria, roca Semswavlels
SeuZlia gaugebrobis gamomwvevi Secdomebis gasworeba, Tavisi metyvelebis
gakontroleba da yuradRebis miqceva sayvarel Secdomebze, rom aRar
gaimeoros; Tavisi Secdomebisa da uzustobebis Sesworeba, Tu isini
SeamCnia mosaubrem; mosaubris reaqciis gaTvaliswinebiT winaswar
gansazRvra imisa, Tu ra da rogor Tqvas.
� enobrivi Cvevebis Semdeg fazas warmoadgens zRvruli ganviTarebuli
donis gaZlierebuli safexuri B2+. am donis zogierTi deskriptori
mimarTulia enis arsis Secnobisaken, umetesoba kvlavindeburad
urTierTobisa da argumentirebuli diskusiis warmarTvas exeba,
Tumca am mimarTulebaSi axali aspeqti iCens Tavs diskursuli
Cvevebis ganviTarebis saxiT. diskursuli kompetenciis siaxle
vlindeba saubris (urTierTTanamSromlobis strategiis) procesSi.
Semswavlels SeuZlia Tvali gaadevnos mosaubris gamonaTqvamebs
da moaxdinos maTze reagireba, riTac xels uwyobs saubris/ganxilvis
warmarTvas. am donis siaxle Cans im deskriptorebis magaliTze,
romlebic Tanmimdevrul teqsts exeba: Semswavlels SeuZlia
makavSireblebis SezRudulad gamoyeneba, magram axerxebs
gamonaTqvamis mkafiod da gabmulad Camoyalibebas, nairgvari
makavSirebeli sityvebis saSualebiT ideaTa Soris kavSiris
gamoxatvas; argumentaciis sistemis SemuSavebas, mtkicebulebis saxiT
mTavari poziciebis moxerxebulad gamoyofiTa da sxvadasxva
faqtebis gamoyenebiT. swored am donezea Tavmoyrili
deskriptorTa didi nawili, romelic exeba saqmiani saubris
warmarTvis Cvevebs. magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia moiTxovos
garkveuli kompensacia dapirispirebul mxaresTan darwmunebis
enobrivi saSualebebis da argumentaciis gamWvirvale sistemis
gamoyenebiT; mkacrad gansazRvros daTmobis sazRvrebi.
� C1 dones ewodeba enis profesionaluri flobis done. mas aqvs
erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli – misTvis misawvdomia enobriv
saSualebaTa farTo speqtri. aqedan gamomdinare, Semswavlels
SeuZlia swrafad da moumzadeblad daamyaros urTierTobebi.
magaliTisTvis moviyvanT ramdenime deskriptors. Semswavlels
SeuZlia sakuTari azrebis gadmocema Tavisuflad da TiTqmis
winaswari momzadebis gareSe; Tavisuflad flobs didi raodenobis
16
leqsikur erTeulebs da situaciidan gamomdinare arCevs saWiro
sityvebs. Tu saWiroeba iTxovs, sityvis SerCevas an raime sityvis/
konstruqciis xmarebas Tavs aridebs. mocemuli donis Semswavleli
amas SeumCnevlad axerxebs. bunebrivi da naTeli metyveleba gagebis
TvalsazrisiT mxolod rTulma Temam SeiZleba Seaferxos.
urTierTobis Cvevebi igive rCeba, rac B2+ doneze. amasTanave
yuradReba gadatanilia Tavisufal, Seuferxebel metyvelebaze.
magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia didi enobrivi maragidan amoarCios
saWiro, Sesaferisi fraza, raTa miipyros yuradReba, CaerTos saubarSi
an moigos mosafiqrebeli dro; Camoayalibos mkafio, naTeli gabmuli
zepiri gamosvla zustad gamoTqmuli instruqciiT, romelSic
SeimCneva kompoziciuri modelebis, makavSirebeli sityvebisa da
xerxebis gaazrebuli xmareba, rac teqstis koherentobas
ganapirobebs.
� C2 dones marTalia enis flobis srulyofili done ewodeba, mainc
ar iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis enobriv kompetencias enis
matareblis doneze. igi warmoaCens sizustesa da enobriv
saSualebaTa daubrkoleblad gamoyenebis im xarisxs, romelsac
yvelaze warmatebuli Semswavleli flobs. am donis deskriptorebSi
vlindeba, rom Semswavlels SeuZlia mniSvnelobis nebismieri
niuansis maRali xarisxis sizustiT gamoxatva, sxvadasxva xerxis
meSveobiT iyenebs mraval idiomatur da zepirmetyvelebaSi xmarebul
gamoTqmas, erkveva maT konotaciebSi, xolo Tu raRacam Seaferxa
enobriv saSualebaTa gamoyenebisas, swrafad da irgvlivmyofTaTvis
SeumCnevlad SeuZlia Tavisi gamonaTqvamis perifrazireba.
amgvarad gamoiyureba enis flobis doneTa sistemuri Tanmimdevruli
progresuli aRweriloba elementarulidan srulyofilamde.
winamdebare naSromi iTvaliswinebs qarTuli enis flobis doneTa
aRwerilobas elementarulidan zRvrul ganviTarebul donemde – A1; A2;B1; B2.
17
1.3 enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi
winamdebare meTodur dokumentSi swavlebis miznebi formulirebulia
komunikaciuri minimumis amocanebis saxiT im situaciaTa katalogSi,
romelic faravs yoveldRiuri da profesiuli urTierTobis sferos _
turistuls, kulturuls, yofiTs, saqmians.
Semswavlels SeuZlia TviTonve gansazRvros Tu ramdenad ZaluZs
komunikaciuri amocanebis daZleva situaciaTa katalogSi warmodgenili
qarTuli enis sametyvelo eqsponatebis saSualebiT.
komunikaciuri kompetenciis zRvrul ganviTarebul doneze flobis
miRweva qarTul enaSi, araqarTvel mosaxleobas Tu saqarTveloSi Camosul
ucxoelebs maTi cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis, miznebisa da amocanebis,
interesebis, umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebisa da saqmiani urTierTobebis
(ekonomika, biznesi, vaWroba) moTxovnebis Sesabamisad enis gamoyenebis
saSualebas miscems. qarTuli enis zemoxsenebuli oTxi donisaTvis
SevarCieT tipuri standartuli situaciebi da savaraudo problemebi,
romlebsac SeiZleba Sexvdnen Semswavlelebi qarTul enobriv garemoSi
yofnisas. maT dasaZlevad ki saWiroa qarTuli enis rogorc pasiuri,
aseve aqtiuri codna. am enobrivi standartis swavlebis miznebi moicavs
yoveldRiuri da saqmiani urTierTobis sferos (sayofacxovrebo,
kulturuli, turistuli, ekonomikuri, savaWro, biznesis). es ki niSnavs,
rom Semswavlelebi, romlebsac qarTuli enis saSualebiT SeuZliaT
naSromSi aRwerili komunikaciuri amocanebis maqsimalurad gadaWra,
praqtikulad floben qarTul enas zRvrul ganviTarebul doneze.
amasTanave, yuradReba unda iqnas gamaxvilebuli damaxinjebul
metyvelebasa da fonetikuri, leqsikuri Tu gramatikuli Secdomebis
dasaSveb xarisxze. SesaZloa, rom Semswavleli, romelic flobs enis
romelime dones, sakmaod warmatebiT urTierTobdes am doneze garkveul
situaciebSi, magram ara yovelTvis. keTilganwyobil, xelsayrel garemoSi
Semswavlelma saubari SeiZleba savsebiT damakmayofileblad warmarTos,
Tundac mis metyvelebas mniSvnelovani leqsikur-gramatikuli Tu
fonetikuri xarvezebi axldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs
Semswavlelis partniors. Tu is aris enis matarebeli, kargi komunikaciuri
unariT dajildoebuli da amasTanave tolerantuli pirovneba, maSin is
Tavisi damokidebulebiT xels Seuwyobs Semswavlels azris gamarTulad
CamoyalibebaSi. Tu partniori uaryofiTad, uxalisod usmens Semswavlels,
ver axerxebs konteqstidan saTanado daskvnebis gamotanas, aseT dros
SesaZloa Semswavlelis metyvelebac seriozuli xarvezebiT, enobrivi
sisufTavis daucvelad warimarTos enis flobis mis mier miRweul
donezec ki. komunikaciuri aqtis dros Zalian mniSvnelovania
Semswavlelis mimarT tolerantobis gamoCena, keTilganwyobili
atmosferos Seqmna da saubrisas xelSewyoba. Tumca Semswavlelma unda
icodes da yovelTvis gaiTvaliswinos isic, rom enis matarebeli
Cveulebriv ufro martivad egueba mosaubris gramatikul Secdomebs,
leqsikis simwires, gaumarTav frazebs, vidre kulturuli konteqstis _
mis qveyanaSi miRebuli qcevis normebis, tradiciebis, wes-Cveulebebis
arcodnas an ugulvebelyofas.
18
2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi
winamdebare standarti iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis komunikaciuri
kompetenciis yvela komponents _ lingvisturs, sociolingvisturs,
diskursuls, sociokulturuls, socialurs, strategiuls. isini oTx
blokSia ganTavsebuli:
_ sametyvelo qmedebebi
_ zogadi cnebebi
_ Tematuri leqsika
_ kulturuli aspeqti
TiToeul blokSi warmodgenili enobrivi eqsponatebi qmnian im savaraudo
situaciaTa katalogs, romelSic SeiZleba aRmoCndes Semswavleli enis
flobis sxvadasxva doneze.
2.1 sametyvelo qmedebebi
sametyvelo procesis elementarul erTeuls warmoadgens sametyvelo
qmedeba _ umciresi mniSvnelobis mqone fonetikurad da gramatikulad
saTanadod gaformebuli monakveTi. Cveulebriv, sametyvelo qmedeba
moicavs mosaubris komunikaciur mizans _ ra mizniT aris wamoWrili
esa Tu is sakiTxi da ra Temaze midis saubari.
saubarSi sametyvelo qmedebas xSirad axlavs araverbaluri elementi.
magaliTad, rodesac stumars vegebebiT, ase mivmarTavT: mobrZandiT, geTayva
da JestiT mivaniSnebT im oTaxisaken, sadac gvinda rom SeviyvanoT stumari.
oTaxSi Sesvlis Semdeg JestiT vTavazobT skams da veubnebiT _ dabrZandiT,
rasac mosdevs stumris verbaluri reaqcia _ gmadlobT da Semdeg
sruldeba arasametyvelo qmedeba _ stumari jdeba JestiT miTiTebul
adgilas.
sayofacxovrebo da socialur sferoSi urTierTobisas SeiZleba iseTi
sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyofa, sadac sametyvelo da arasametyvelo qceva
Serwymulia erTian sametyvelo saqcielSi. magaliTad, dabadebis dRis
verbalur milocvas _ gilocav dabadebis dRes, mosdevs araverbaluri
qmedeba _ saCuqris gadacema, razec adresati pasuxobs verbaluri formiT
_ didi madloba da asrulebs arasametyvelo qmedebas _ xsnis saCuqars.
saCuqris naxvas SesaZloa kidev moyves sametyvelo qmedeba aRfrTovanebis
19
gamomxatveli frazebiT _ ra lamazia, ra mSvenieria, Zalian didi
madloba aseTi SesaniSnavi saCuqrisaTvis.
SeiZleba aseTi magaliTis moyvanac: deda asrulebs verbalur qmedebas
_ hpirdeba bavSvs, rom cirkSi waiyvans xval 12 saaTian warmodgenaze. es
niSnavs, rom man ukve SeiZina an dajavSna bileTebi aRniSnuli
warmodgenisTvis, e.i. Seasrula araverbaluri qmedeba da aseT qmedebas
is meore dResac Seasrulebs _ waiyvans bavSvs cirkSi.
qvemoT mocemulia sametyvelo qmedebaTa repertuari, romelic Sedgeba
Semdegi nakveTebisgan:
_ sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informacia
_ inteleqtualuri urTierToba
_ emociuri UurTierToba
_ sametyvelo etiketi
_ zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva
_ metyvelebis struqturireba
_ gaSualebuli urTierToba
_ komunikaciis aRdgena
savaraudod, Semswavleli, romelmac ukve daZlia zRvruli ganviTarebuli
done, Tavisuflad unda saubrobdes qarTul enaze. amitom sametyvelo
qmedebebSi enobrivi gamoTqmis ramdenime variantia warmodgenili.
20
sametyvelo qmedebaTa katalogi
A1 – enis gasaRebi
sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informaciaidentifikacia (axlavs saTanado Jestikulacia)
es, is, aiD es sastumroa.
es Zviri/iafi sastumroa.
es komerciuli firmaa.
es me var.
is axalgazrda kaci Cveni
menejeria.
is saxelmwifo moxelea.
ai Cemi pasporti.
Setyobineba (aRwera, Txroba)
dadasturebiTi Setyobineba Tqveni SMS miRebulia.
TxrobiTi winadadeba prezidentis viziti Sedga.
me vfiqrob, rom es sadReRamiso
afTiaqia.
Setyobineba raimes qona/yolis
Sesaxeb bankSi aris kargi momsaxureba.
pozitiuri Setyobineba mas aqvs manqanis marTvis mowmoba.
uaryofiTi Setyobineba es Cemi wigni ar aris.
informaciis dazusteba/
garkveva
yofnasTan, arsebobasTan
dakavSirebuli SekiTxva am sarTulze aris saaqto
darbazi?
rogor moaxerxeT
fexburTze moxvedra?
qona/yolasTan dakavSirebuli
SekiTxva
Tqven gaqvT Tqven gaqvT Txilamurebi?
vis aqvs vis aqvs saxelmZRvanelo?
vis ara aqvs/hyavs vis ara hyavs Zma?
kiTxviTi winadadebis saxeebi
zogadi SekiTxva dadebiTi
pasuxis molodiniT Tqven dadixarT curvaze?
Tqven mas SexvdiT, ara?
Tqven xom SexvdiT mas?
mTawmindaze asasvlel gzas xom ar/
ver mimaswavliT?
21
specialuri SekiTxva
(dro) rodis? rodis midixar londonSi?
(adgili) sad? sad SeiZleba SeviZino wignebi?
(mimarTuleba) saiT? saidan? netav saidan modis an saiT midis
es kaci?
(mizezi) ratom? ratom gamirbixar?
(mizani) risTvis? risTvis gWirdeba amdeni fqvili?
(piroba) ra pirobiT? ra pirobiT migiRes am sadazRvevo
kompaniaSi?
saidentifikacio SekiTxva
(pirovneba) vin? vinaa es kaci?
vin xelmZRvanelobs am firmas?
(sagani, pirovneba) ra? vin?
ra hqvia? ra aris?, es ra aris?, es ra kacia?,
amas ra hqvia?
(kuTvnileba) visia? visia, visia, qali lamazi?
(niSani/saxelwodeba) rogori?
ranairi? ra saxis/ranairi sabuTi
gWirdebaT?
ra/romel gazeTebs kiTxulobT?
alternatiuli SekiTxva
(arCevani) Tu nawilakiT Cai mogarTvaT Tu yava?
TuTis arayi ufro mogwonT, Tu
(Taflis) sanTlis?
kiTxvebze pasuxi
zogadi dasturi diax, es ar aris/araa mwife
yurZeni.
ara, es ar aris kargi saqcieli.
pasuxi specialur SekiTxvebze
dro rodis mova gazafxuli?
male, erT TveSi.
adgili romeli qveynidan xarT?
belgiidan.
sad SeiZleba SeviZino
wignebi?
rusTavelze, iq kargi wignis maRaziaa.
mimarTuleba dasasveneblad sad midixarT?
Cven mTaSi gvinda asvla.
mainc sad?
svaneTSi vapirebT gamgzavrebas.
me es-es aris davbrundi
safrangeTidan. mivlinebaSi viyavi
strasburgSi.
22
mizezi ase ratom dagagvianda
Camosvla? didTovloba iyo
bakurianSi da manqana Zalian nela
moZraobda.
mizani saqarTveloSi ra mizniT
CamoxvediT?
minda viswavlo qarTuli, Zalian
momwons Tqveni simRerebi.
piroba rodis/ra pirobebSi/ra SemTxvevaSi
irRveva xelSekruleba?
Tu droze ar/ver gadaixdiT fuls.
ramdeni unda gadavixado TveSi?
asi lari.
xerxi, saSualeba rogor movxvde marjaniSvilis
quCaze?
CadiT veris daRmarTze da
gadaiareT xidi mtkvarze.
marjaniSvilis Teatrs ver
mimaswavliT?
xids rom gadaxvalT, pirdapir
iareT.
Teatri xuTi wuTis savalzea quCis
marcxena mxares.
zoma ra manZilia aqedan
aeroportamde?
iqneba ociode kilometri.
taqsiT rom wavide, ra eRireba?
oci lari.
inteleqtualuri urTierTobebi
Tanxmoba
mosaubris azrTan daTanxmeba Tqven swors brZanebT/Tqven savsebiT
marTali brZandebiT.
me veTanxmebi batoni nikos azrs.
Tanxmoba raimes gakeTebaze siamovnebiT.
me Tanaxma var.
Tanxmoba pozitiur
mtkicebulebaze diax, ra Tqma unda.
diax, Cven xom SevTanxmdiT.
ki, batono.
rasakvirvelia.
Tanxmoba uaryofiT
mtkicebulebaze ra Tqma unda, ara.
cxadia, ase unda moiqce.
23
uari uari SemoTavazebuli azris
gaziarebaze, SeTavazebaze
ara, me Tqven ar geTanxmebiT.
ara + Setyobineba ara, es sakmaod Zviria.
ara + uaryofiTi mtkicebuleba ara, es ase araa.
ara, saqme sul sxvagvaradaa.
metyvelebis struqturireba
saubris dawyeba
sityvis Zieba (pauza, hezitacia) ho...…
kargi...
aba ra giTxra?..
rogor giTxra?..
ici?..
ra hqvia...
rogor iTqmis es qarTulad?……
TviTkoreqcia ara...
mapatieT/bodiSi/ukacravad me
mindoda meTqva, rom...
Temis Semotana
me minda giTxraT, rom... me minda vTqva oriode sityva.
Seqmnil viTarebaze/Seqmnil
viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
mogaxsenebT Semdegs...
me minda gesaubroT... me minda gesaubroT giorgi leoniZis
poeziaze.
gaSualebuli urTierToba
werilis formula
megobruli werilis dasawyisi
Zvirfaso Zvirfaso giorgi,
Cemo Cemo sayvarelo mako,
gamarjoba gamarjoba, Cemo kargo niko,
salami, Cemo Zvirfasebo,
werilis dasasruli
(piradi, megobruli) siyvaruliT, Seni Tamriko.
gkocni gkocniT, Tqveni gvrituka.
mokiTxva mokiTxva Cvens megobrebs.
moikiTxe Seni mSoblebi.
Sexvedris imedi vimedovneb, rom male SevxvdebiT.
momaval Sexvedramde.
momenatreT yvela.
Zalian minda Tqveni naxva.
24
Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena
gaugebrobis signali bodiSi, ar mesmis.
mapatieT, ver gavige, me qarTveli ar/
ara var.
ukacravad, ar vici.
naTqvamis gameorebis Txovna bodiSi, Tu SeiZleba gaimeoreT.
ra/rogor brZaneT?
nel tempSi saubris Txovna Tu SeiZleba nela isaubreT/
ilaparakeT.
Tu SeiZleba cota nela miTxariT.
sametyvelo etiketi (socializacia)
misalmeba gamarjoba(T).
salami.
dila mSvidobisa/saRamo mSvidobisa.
damSvidobeba naxvamdis.
kargad brZandebodeT/iyavi(T).
Rame mSvidobisa.
mobodiSeba ukacravad...
bodiSis moxda ekam bodiSi moixada
dagvianebisaTvis.
bodiSs gixdiT, magram xval ver
moval krebaze.
madliereba gmadlobT/didi madloba.
madlobis gadaxda merim madloba gadagvixada keTili
rCevisaTvis.
madlobas gixdiT daxmarebisaTvis.
milocva gilocav(T).
qeTi, gilocav dabadebis dRes.
gilocavT axal wels.
gilocavT axalmosaxleobas.
pasuxi milocvaze gmadlobT molocvisTvis.
Tqvenc aseve, gisurvebT yovelive
saukeTesos.
25
A2 – enis safuZveli
sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informacia
Setyobineba
uaryofiTi Setyobineba
sityvaTa rigis Secvla
romelime sityvaze yuradRebis
gamaxvilebis mizniT
(intonaciuri konstruqcia) es Cemi CanTa ar aris.
es CanTa Cemi ar aris.
es ar aris Cemi CanTa.
koreqcia/dazusteba
dadebiTi Setyobinebis
dadastureba sityvaTa
rigis saSualebiT muzeumi dRes Riaa. muzeumi dResaa
Ria.
bavSvs maRali sicxe aqvs.
sicxe aqvs bavSvs maRali.
zogadi uaryofa: ara... ar... ara, fosta dRes ar muSaobs.
kerZo uaryofa: ara... ar... ara, Cven TeatrSi ar wamovalT.
diax, + dadebiTi winadadeba diax, Cven cirkSi wavalT (da ara
kinoSi).
zogadi SekiTxva
zogadi SekiTxva maxvilis
gadanacvlebiT, gaformebuli
intonaciuri konstruqciiT Tqven is naxeT?
Tqven is naxeT?
Tqven is naxeT?
Tqven naxeT is?
is Tqven naxeT?
specialuri SekiTxva
urTierTgapirobebuloba razea damokidebuli Cveni
eqskursiaze wasvla?
(xerxi) ranairad? rogor? rogor CavrTo magnitofoni?
rogor mivide sadguramde?
(zoma, odenoba) ramdenad?
rogor? ramxela? am gziT ramdenad axloa kafemde,
ara?
ram siSorezea bazari?
ramxela manZilia aqedan
iqamde? ra droa?
ramdeni xania, rac aq muSaob?
ra Rirs kargi wiTeli Rvino?
saidentifikacio SekiTxva
(obieqti) vin? ra? vin dapatiJeT stumrad?
ra amoirCieT saCuqrad?
26
(adresati) vis? visTvis? vis unda Cautano es
werili?
visTvis aris es gankuTvnili?
inteleqtualuri urTierTobebi
uaris Tqma daZalebaze, Tavs
azris moxvevaze vSiSob, rom ver SevZleb.
- xval ar vxvdebiT?
- ara, ar vxvdebiT.
ara, me ar mgonia, rom isini parizSi
Sexvdebian.
Tanxmobis/uaris garkveva Tqven (ar) eTanxmebiT amas?
SevTanxmdiT?
Tqven (ar) gawyobT es dro?
garkveuloba
me (ar) vic(od)i me ar vicodi, rom isini wavidnen.
me (ar) vici me (ar) vici rodis wavidnen isini.
Setyobineba
me (ar) vicnob me ar vicnob am maswavlebels.
cnobilia, rom + mtkicebuleba cnobilia, rom ekvatorze mudam
zafxulia.
mexsiereba, gaxseneba
me (ar) maxsovs me (ar) maxsovs misi misamarTi.
me (ar) maxsovs, ra mipasuxa man.
me ar maxsovs ras Sevpirdi (mas)
guSin.
me ar damviwyebia/damaviwyda me ar damviwyebia/damaviwyda Cveni
SeTanxmeba.
(me) damaviwyda darekva.
imis garkveva, Tu ra axsovs
mosaubres
(ar) gaxsovT (ar) gaxsovT, Tqveni qarTulis
maswavlebeli?
(xom ar) dagaviwyda (xom ar) dagaviwyda, rom dRes misi
dabadebis dRea?
(xom ar) gaxsovs xom ar gaxsovs, vis unda
davureko?/visTvis unda damereka.
(ar) gaxsovs (ar) gaxsovs sad apirebdi
wasvlas?
gaxsovs + Tu ara gagondeba Tu ara karaleTis
dReebi?
survili
me minda/visurvebdi me minda erTi nayini.
27
me vinatrebdi me vinatrebdi ramdenime milion
evros.
undaT bavSvebs undaT gaseirneba.
me minda, rom me minda, rom dedamiwaze iyos
mSvidoba.
survilis, moTxovnilebis
garkveva me unda gavfrinde/wavide romSi.
me mWirdeba manqana.
yavas inebebT?
cxel Sokolads xom ar
miirTmevT?
luds (xom) ar dalev?
bulaCaurSi xom ar wavsuliyaviT
saqeifod?
TviTmfrinavis bileTis SekveTa
xom ar gnebavT?
Tqven gWirdebaT amis Sexseneba?
Tqven gWirdebaT Cemi diplomi?
upiratesobis garkveva
ra ufro mogwons?
ra ufro giyvars? ra mogarTvaT Rvino Tu ludi?
vicekvoT Tu gaviseirnoT?
yava Savi Tu rZiani?
emociuri urTierTobebi
sixaruli, kmayofileba
(me) moxaruli var, rom +
Setyobineba (me) moxaruli var, rom aseTi kargi
ambavi momitaneT/mestumreT.
(CemTvis) Zalian sasiamovnoa... (CemTvis) Zalian sasiamovnoa
Tqveni naxva.
me (erTob) kmayofili var me (erTob) kmayofili var Cemi
Svilis aseTi didi warmatebiT.
(es xom) mSvenieria/brwyinvalea/
Zalian kargia/SesaniSnavia (es xom) brwyinvale naxatia,
marTlac SesaniSnavia.
ra sasixaruloa ra sasixaruloa, rom Cvenma
Tanamemamulem nobelis premia
miiRo.
mwuxareba, ukmayofileba
armowoneba, saSineleba aseTi wignebi me (sul) ar momwons.
ra saSinelebaa aseTi Zlieri
qariSxali.
wuxili cudi ambavi moxda, ra samwuxaroa,
namdvilad Zalian vwuxvar.
28
emociis garkveva
(Tqven) moxaruli brZandebiT? gaxarebuli xar?/gagexarda?
(Tqven) kmayofili/ukmayofilo
brZandebiT?/xarT? kmayofili xar SedegiT?
(rogor) mogewonaT? (rogor) mogewonaT (es) gamofena?
dadebiTi ganwyobileba
mowoneba me momwons (es) msaxiobi.
me (Zalian) momwons/miyvars parkSi
seirnoba.
siyvaruli me miyvars cxenebi.
me miyvars saCuqrebis keTeba/miReba.
uaryofiTi ganwyobileba
me es ar momwons
me ar momwons/miyvars me ar miyvars tkbili Cai.
me ar msiamovnebs me ar msiamovnebs xmauri.
me ver vitan me ver vitan WurWlis recxvas.
me mejavreba me mejavreba sigaretis suni.
es cudia/saSinelebaa cudia/saSinelebaa aseTi xSiri
miwisZvrebi.
dadebiTi/uaryofiTi
ganwyobilebis garkveva
Tqven mogwonT es saxli?
Tqven romeli naxati mogewonaT?
Tqven ra mogwonT - mineraluri
wyali Tu koka-kola?
metyvelebis struqturireba
Tanmimdevroba
jer... mere... jer Tavo da Tavo, mere colo da
Svilo.
jer erTi... meorec... jer erTi, me ar vyofilvar, meorec
– niko saerTod ar minaxavs.
damateba
sxvaTa Soris.../amas garda... sxvaTa Soris, ninikos ufrosi da-
Zma hyavs. garda amisa, 9 wlis
disSvili (diswuli) da erTi wlis
ZmisSvili (Zmiswuli).
da kidev.../kidev iciT ra...
amasTanave
magaliTis moyvana
magaliTad, mogiyvanT magaliTs.
magaliTisTvis aviRoT...
gamoyofa, xazgasma
CarTuli sityvebi, Sesityvebebi
mTavari/ZiriTadad
29
saqme isaa, rom... saqme isaa, rom ukve gviania: Cveni
giorgi col-Sviliania!
erTi mxriv... (magram) meore
mxriv... erTi mxriv – yvelaferi naTelia,
magram, meore mxriv – zogi ram
bundovania.
zepir metyvelebaSi:
intonaciuri konstruqciis
centris gadanacvleba, sityvaTa
rigis Secvla nabeWd teqstSi:
SriftiT gamoyofa yovelwliuri konkursi – saba.
dayofiT gamoyofa Rvino q i n Z m a r a u l i.
xelnawer teqstSi: xazgasma me Zalian miWirs amaze saubari.
ganzogadeba, daskvnebi
maS ase...
maSasadame...
gaSualebuli urTierToba
telefoniT saubari
pasuxi kerZo piris telefonis
zarze alo/diax/gismenT batono.
telefonTan moxmoba da pasuxi ukacravad, mapatieT, rom gawuxebT,
Tu SeiZleba...
bodiSi Tu SeiZleba mananas
sTxoveT.
pasuxi ki batono, axlave/manana ar
gaxlavT saxlSi/Sin.
manana jer ar dabrunebula.
Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena
gaugebrobis signali da
naTqvamis gameorebis Txovna
bodiSs gixdiT, ver gavige
Tqveni naTqvami, Tu SeiZleba/Tu ar
SewuxdebiT, nela gamimeoreT.
sityvis, frazis an gamoTqmis
dazustebis Txovna
mapatieT, romeli avtobusi midis
saburTaloze?
ukacravad, am gaCerebas ra hqvia?
30
bodiSs gixdiT, Tu SeiZleba
miTxraT, rogor vTqva qarTulad.../
es qarTulad rogor iqneba?
es xinkalia?
iqneb es niSnavs so-so-s.
nel tempSi saubris Txovna
Tu SeiZleba, ase Cqara nu
laparakobT, cota nel tempSi/
nela miTxariT, ris Tqma gsurT.
sametyvelo etiketi (socializacia)
mobodiSeba, patieba
mapatieT, ar mindoda, SemTxveviT
momivida.
pasuxi mobodiSebaze
arafris/arauSavs.
gpatiobT, amjerad gapatiebT.
(mobodiSebis miReba).
madliereba
madlobas gixdiT yvelafrisTvis,
rac CemTvis gagikeTebiaT.
pasuxi madlierebaze
ras brZanebT.
arafris.
ar Rirs madlobis gadaxdad.
milocva da pasuxi milocvaze
gilocavT Sobas.
gmadlobT, mec gilocavT,
daeswariT mraval Soba-axal
wels;
daeswariT mravals.
gmadlobT, Tqvenc aseve.
31
B1 − zRvruli done
sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informaciainformaciis dazusteba/garkveva
situaciasTan dakavSirebuli
SekiTxva (intonaciuri konstruqcia)
ninos ra daemarTa?
universitetSi ra moxda?
telefons raRac mouvida?
yofnasTan, arsebobasTan
dakavSirebuli SekiTxva
sad SeiZleba vnaxo profesori
ColoyaSvili?/sad SeiZleba
profesori ColoyaSvilis naxva?
(Tqven) xom ar icnobT baton niko
avaliSvils?
(Tu) gaqvT axali Jurnalebi?
inteleqtualuri urTierTobebi
gacnobierebulobis garkveva
Tqven (ar) iciT rom... Tqven iciT, rom dRes urza
bairamia musulmanebSi?
Tqven (ar) iciT rogor movxvde
biblioTekaSi?
Tqven icnobT... Tqven icnobT Cvens reqtors?
Tqven icodiT... Tqven icodiT, rom man coli
iTxova?
albaToba
albaT isini, albaT, zRvaze wavidnen.
SesaZloa daviTs SeiZleba/SesaZloa
Seagviandes.
albaTobis xarisxis garkveva
SeiZleba (iqneba) + Setyobineba SeiZleba xval gaavdrdes.
iqneb xval mze gamovides.
SesaZloa + Setyobineba SesaZloa kaxa xvalve dabrundes.
gaurkvevloba
albaT + Setyobineba albaT SabaTs muzeumi Riaa.
me ar vici, + Setyobineba me ar vici, iqnebian ki isini
Tanaxma?
mgoni, + Setyobineba mgoni Cven erTmaneTs (ver) gavugeT.
32
eWvi
mgoni + Setyobineba mgoni iRrubleba.
iqneb, + Setyobineba iqneb xvalamde dabrundes
Tamriko.
egeb + Setyobineba egeb gagvimarTlos.
Zneli saTqmelia/
dasajerebelia Zneli saTqmelia marTalia eg
ambavi Tu ara/Zneli
dasajerebelia eg versia.
(me) ara var darwmunebuli... me ara var darwmunebuli Sens
gulwrfelobaSi.
(me) veWvob (me) veWvob, rom Sen marTals (ar)
meubnebi.
valdebuleba
Cven unda gavuZloT qartexilebs.
valdebulebis garkveva
kiTxviTi sityva... rodis unda dabrundes Wabuki
mivlinebidan?
vin unda gasces gankarguleba?
romeli formulari unda Seivsos?
aucilebloba/saWiroeba
Tqven unda darekoT policiaSi.
mas sWirdeba daxmareba.
Tqven mogiwevT mocda/lodini.
aucileblobis/saWiroebis
uaryofa
ar mWirdeba me ar mWirdeba misi bodiSi.
aucileblobis/saWiroebis
garkveva
gaformebuli kiTxviTi
winadadebis intonaciiT me ar mekuTvnis am Tanxis gadaxda?
gWirdebaT es Zvelmanebi?
Tu aRar gWirdebaT es wigni, egeb
maTxovoT?
nebarTva/SeTavazeba
impertivi + geTayva miirTviT, geTayva.
Tqven SegiZliaT... Tqven SegiZliaT isargebloT amiT.
mxolod... mxolod TanamSromlebisTvis.
mxolod bavSvebisa da
moxucebisaTvis.
nebarTvis garkveva
SeiZleba SeiZleba Semovide?
SeiZleba ubileTod Sesvla
stadionze?
SeiZleba aq movwio (sigareti)?
Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba, gamatareT.
33
nebis darTva
diax, ra Tqma unda – SeiZleba wavide?
– ra Tqma unda.
ki batono/ra Tqma unda – SeiZleba davreko?
– ki batono/diax, ra Tqma unda.uari nebarTvaze/Txovnaze
ara/ar SeiZleba SeiZleba saxlSi viTamaSo
fexburTi?
ara ar/ara, ar SeiZleba.
samwuxarod, ara/ar SeiZleba SeiZleba maTxovoT Tqveni foto
aparati?
samwuxarod ara, ori dRis win
daTos vaTxove.
SeiZleba aviRo namcxvari?
ara, ar SeiZleba SenTvis amdeni
tkbileuli.
bodiSi/mapatieT, magram es
akrZalulia/ar SeiZleba/
SeuZlebelia/dauSvebelia SeiZleba aq movwio?
bodiSi, magram dawesebulebaSi
sigaretis moweva akrZalulia.
Tqven gadaaWarbeT siCqares. ase
swrafad siaruli dauSvebelia.
akrZalva
xmauri akrZalulia.
aq manqanis gaCereba akrZalulia.
nu + imperativi nu mieyrdnobiT (metroSi).
nu SeexebiT (maRali Zabvis xazs).
raimes gakeTebis unarianoba/
uunaroba
mas ar SeuZlia mas ar SeuZlia xinklis moxveva.
man (ar) icis man icis Tavis saqme.
unarianoba/unarobis garkveva
SeZleba Sen SegiZlia xaWapuris
gamocxoba?
sakuTari azri
me vfiqrob, rom + Setyobineba me vfiqrob, rom giam SesaniSnavi
wigni dawera.
me mgonia, rom + Setyobineba me mgonia, rom dRes Cveni
regbistebi moigeben.
Cemi azriT, rom + Setyobineba Cemi azriT, es gadacema mosawyenia.
me mimaCnia, rom + Setyobineba (me) mimaCnia, rom Salva namdvilad
niWieri kacia.
SekiTxva sxvis azrze
Tqven rogor fiqrobT/TvliT?
Tqveni azriT?
Tqveni azriT + kiTxviTi sityva +
Setyobineba Tqveni azriT, sad jobs dasveneba?
34
ganzraxva
gadawyveta me gadavwyvite werilze pasuxis
gacema.
survili me minda qobuleTSi dasveneba.
me minda, rom Cemma Svilma iaros
cekvaze.
dapireba me vapireb strasburgSi wasvlas.
emociuri urTierTobebi
interesi
(es) sainteresoa
ra sainteresoa (ici) ra saintereso filmi vnaxe
guSin.
me es (Zalian) mainteresebs
me mainteresebs me mainteresebs es wigni.
sainteresoa sainteresoa, es ra adgilia.
interesis uqonloba,
gulgriloba
ar aris saintereso es ar aris saintereso.
uintereso es uintereso TamaSia.
CemTvis sul erTia me sruliad gulgrili var am
sakiTxis mimarT/me gulgrilad
vuyureb am sakiTxs/me es ar
maRelvebs.
(ar) mitacebs me ar mitacebs ekonomika.
interesis garkveva –
daintereseba/dauinteresebloba
(Tqven) es (ar) gainteresebT?
(Tqven) ra gainteresebT? Tqven ra gainteresebT, qarTuli
cekvebi Tu qarTuli simRerebi?
(Tqven ar) gainteresebT (Tqven ar) gainteresebT laris
kursi?
(Tqven) gainteresebT Tqven gainteresebT arqiteqtura?
gakvirveba
(es) saocaria
me makvirvebs me makvirvebs Seni sijiute.
nuTu + Setyobineba nuTu ar icodi es ambavi?
RmerTo (maRalo//didebulo!) o, RmerTo Cemo.
gakvirvebis dafarva, argamoxatva
araferia gasakviri!
gasakviri araferia! amaSi gasaocars verafers vxedav.
35
(me) es (sulac) ar makvirvebs! (me) ar mikvirs, rom vaJa dRes ar
movida.
mere ra? mere ra, rom civa, male gazafxuli
mova.
gakvirvebasTan dakavSirebuli
SekiTxva
(Tqven) es gakvirvebT?
(Tqven) aman gagakvirvaT? Tqven mainc ra gikvirT/ar unda
gagikvirdeT, xom icodiT, rom
yvelaferi ase iqneboda.
(Tqven) gakvirvebT Tqven gakvirvebT Cemi uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi?
imedi
[(me) amis] imedi maqvs
(me) imedi maqvs + Setyobineba imedi maqvs, rom isini ar
daagvianeben.
wuxili, mwuxareba
samwuxaroa, samwuxaroa!
dasanania! ra cudia, rom ver mivuswariT
avtobuss, axla dacda mogviwevs.
Setyobineba
Zalian samwuxaroa, rom (Tqven) ar
iqnebiT banketze.
dabneuloba
(exla) ra[Ra] vqna(T)?
rogor moviqceT? ar vici, ra vqna.
SeSfoTeba, SiSi
(me) meSinia (me) meSinia Weqa-quxilis.
(me) meSinia manqanis tareba.
me bavSvebis gamo var
SeSfoTebuli.
(me) vwuxvar, rom man daagviana, vin
icis, raime uWirs.
damSvideba
nu RelavT/nu wuxarT/nu geSiniaT
yvelaferi rigzea/wesrigSia yvelaferi kargad iqneba. arauSavs,
es araferia.
SiSTan, wuxilTan
dakavSirebuli SekiTxva
(Tqven) raime gawuxebT?
visi/risi geSiniaT? Tqven qariSxlis geSiniaT? Tqven
geSiniaT, rom mewyeri ar Camowves/
Camowveba?
mowoneba, Seqeba
(Zalian) kargia ra kargia, rom nina TviTon ibans
pirs. yoCaR ninka, Sen ukve didi
gogona xar.
36
[(es) ra] mSvenieria ra mSvenivrad TamaSobs daCi
fexburTs. swored magis Tqma
mindoda, ra sworad urtyams
burTs.
brwyinvale (kargi) azria
kargi ideaa ra kargi azria botanikur baRSi
gaseirneba.
uaryofiTi damokidebulebis
gamoxatva
[(me) es] ar momwons
es cudia
amas (aseT rames) ar velodi
ici ra...? Sen ici, Seni nebaa, rogorc ginda
ise moiqeci.
danaSauli, sinanuli
(me) damnaSave var
Cemi bralia me vaRiareb, rom sworad ar
moviqeci.
uxerxulad vgrZnob Tavs
ar megona, Tu ase gamovidoda/
moxdeboda
dadebiTi/uaryofiTi
damokidebulebis gamoxatvasTan
dakavSirebuli SekiTxva
[(Tqven) es] mogwonT? rogor mogwons axali speqtakli?
amas rogor uyurebT/afasebT?
zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva
erToblivad moqmedebis SeTavazeba
modi(T) modiT, SevisvenoT.
erTad erTad wavideT koncertze?
(Cven) SegviZlia cota davisvenoT.
iqneb iqneb nayini viyidoT?/nayini xom ar
gveyida?
raimes gakeTebis Txovna
Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba aq moawereT xeli.
xom ar SegiZliaT xom ar SegiZliaT momceT
aplikacia?
Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba damexmareT
CamosvlaSi.
ver SemavsebinebT ver SemavsebinebT/xom ver
SemavsebinebT anketas?
37
Tanxmoba SemoTavazebaze
kai, batono. ki, batono! kargi!
- (Tqven) damirekavT (me) dRes?
- ki, diax/ra Tqma unda.
- ludi davlioT?
- aba, ra/siamovnebiT.
- samsaxuris mere SevxvdeT?
- ki batono!
- vin aris (ar aris) Tanaxma?
- me var.
- modiT, dRes adre davasruloT
muSaoba.
- (me) ara var winaaRmdegi.
konkretuli ramis Txovna
momawodeT momawodeT, geTayva sigareti.
geTayva ori nayini, geTayva.
SeiZleba SeiZleba gazeTi?
me mWirdeba me mWirdeba wigni.
SekiTxva SeTavazebaze
Tanxmobis an uaris misaRebad
(Tqven) Tanaxma xarT/brZandebiT?
ra gadawyviteT, rodis midixarT
dasasveneblad?
SeTanxmeba rogor SeTanxmdiT, sad unda
SexvdeT erTmaneTs?
metyvelebis struqturireba
ganzogadeba, daskvnebi
amgvarad,/amrigad,...
da bolos,... da bolos, yovelive zemoTqmuli
SeiZleba Semdegnairad
ganvazogadoT...
daskvnis saxiT davZenT, rom...
msmenlis (potenciuri mosaubris)
CarTva saubarSi
(Tqven) raRacis Tqma gind(od)aT?
(me Tqven) gismenT/yuradRebiT
gismenT.
(Tqven) ra gainteresebT?
38
mosaubrisadmi yuradRebis
gamoCenis maCveneblebi
ki/diax, ra Tqma unda.
gasagebia/yvelaferi. cxadia/
yvelaferi naTelia.
me mesmis Tqveni.
namdvilad (asea)/ki batono.
iman, rao, ra Tqva/ra qna?
ras brZanebT/marTla asea/me ar
vicodi.
mosaubris saubris Sewyveta
mapatieT, magram... mapatieT, magram telefons unda
vupasuxo.
SeiZleba SegawyvetinoT erTi wuTiT Segawyvetineb, magasTan
dakavSirebiT minda giTxraT, rom
sruliad sxvagvarad aris saqme.
SeiZleba (mec) CaverTo saubarSi?
saubris dasruleba
ese igi (maSasadame) SevTanxmdiT!
kargi/Zalian kargi, rom amaze
visaubreT/rom am sakiTxze
SevTanxmdiT.
ai, amis Tqma mindoda.
sul es aris, risi Tqmac mindoda.
kidev erTxel minda gadagixadoT
madloba.
gaSualebuli urTierToba
telefoniT saubari, pasuxi
dawesebulebaSi telefonis zarze
mdivani asaxelebs Tavis
Tanamdebobas + gismenT prezidentis mdivani gismenT!
dawesebulebis, firmis
dasaxeleba + gismenT saqarTvelos saelCo gismenT!
aversi (afTiaqebis qseli), gismenT.
pirovneba asaxelebs Tavis
vinaobas + gismenT givi gagoSiZe gismenT!
telefonTan moxmobis Txovna:
identifikaciis sakiTxi
batoni petre brZandebiT?
jibuti brZandebiT?
39
saxeli, gvari + Tu SeiZleba
saxeli, gvari + sTxoveT Tu
SeiZleba nata gelovani, Tu SeiZleba?
guliko metrevels sTxoveT, Tu
SeiZleba?
Tu SeiZleba + moixmeT
telefonTan + (Tanamdeboba)
+ saxeli, gvari Tu SeiZleba, moixmeT telefonTan
eqimi nana daviTiSvili.
Tu SeiZleba + Tanamdeboba
+ damakavSireT Tu SeiZleba, sastumros
menejerTan damakavSireT.
dalodebis Txovna
moiTmineT (geTayva), erTi wuTiT
daelodeT, gipasuxebT.
smenadobis garkveva
gesmiT Cemi (xma).
rogor gesmiT (Cemi xma).
kargi smenadobis Setyobineba
me kargad mesmis Seni/Tqveni xma.
reaqcia cud smenadobaze
ar mesmis (Tqveni xma).
araferi mesmis, darekeT xelaxla,
Tu SeiZleba.
pasuxi SecdomiT darekvaze
Tqven sxvagan moxvdiT.
Tqven SegeSalaT nomeri.
es binaa/es dawesebulebaa.
Tqven arasworad akrifeT nomeri
(avtomati).
reaqcia pirovnebis moxmobaze
mimarTva + Tqven gTxoven
telefonTan qalbatono rusudan, Tqven gTxoven
telefonTan.
amJamad adgilze ar gaxlavT,
gasulia, Tu SeiZleba darekeT erT
saaTSi.
werilis formulebi
oficialuri werilis dasawyisi
pativcemulo batono/qalbatono
+ Tanamdeboba batono redaqtoro,
pativcemulo batono + saxeli qalbatono Tamar,
Rrmad pativcemulo batono/
qalbatono + saxeli Rrmad pativcemulo qalbatono.
elene/batono zurab,
40
oficialuri werilis dasasruli
(uRrmesi) pativiscemiT, +
saxeli, gvari pativiscemiT, gogi xatiaSvili.
winaswar gixdiT madlobas,
+ pativiscemiT + (wodeba)
saxeli, gvari miiReT Cemi gulwrfeli madloba,
pativiscemiT, profesori nodar
gomelauri.
Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena
damadasturebeli, damazustebeli kiTxva
Tqven brZaneT + frazis nawili Tqven brZaneT dasvenebis dReo?,
ese igi/es niSnavs + naTqvamis
perefrazireba ese igi, SabaTsa da kviras
gulisxmobT.
Tqven gindaT TqvaT, rom +
dadasturebiTi winadadeba Tqven gindaT TqvaT, rom is
londonSi wavida?
mapatieT, kargad ver gavige +
naTqvamis gaxmovaneba mapatieT, kargad ver gavige, 7
lari Rirs?
SekiTxva naTqvamis dazustebis,
an sworad gagebis mizniT
mapatieT, ra brZaneT/TqviT?
ras mekiTxebiT?/ra gnebavT?
raimes ganmartebis Txovna
raimes mniSvnelobis axsnis Txovna
mapatieT, es ras niSnavs?
mapatieT, ras niSnavs sityva... mapatieT, ras niSnavs sityva uremi?
sxvanairad rogor iqneba?
gaimeoreT es sityva aso-aso, ras
niSnavs Sps?
Txovna sityvis, cifrebis da
a.S. daweris Sesaxeb
damiwereT, Tu SeiZleba es
damiwereT, geTayva + kiTxviTi
winadadeba damiwereT, geTayva, ra Rirs
bileTi?
41
sityvis gaSifrvis Txovna
sityvis karnaxi anbanis mixedviT
petre – par-en-tar-rae-en.
sityvis karnaxi sakuTari
saxelebis pirveli asos mixedviT
Tbilisi – Tamar-beso-ilia-levani-
ivane-soso-irakli.
sxva sityvebiT axsna
es aris sportis saxeoba.
es hgavs vaSlsac da atamsac.
es vardis aseTi nairsaxeobaa.
es namcxvari Taflisgan keTdeba.
imis garkveva, gaigo, Tu ara
mosaubrem naTqvami
gasagebia? yvelaferi gaigeT/
ga(m)igeT, Tu ara?
yvelaferi gaigeT rac giTxariT
(raca vTqvi)? yvelaferi gesmiT? Tu rames ver
gaigebT, miTxariT da gagimeorebT.
gasagebad vlaparakob (vambob)? gasagebad vlaparakob, Tu ufro
nela vilaparako?
Setyobineba sityvis an frazis
mniSvnelobis arcodnis Sesaxeb
me ar vici qarTulad rogor
vTqva es. me ar vici es ras niSnavs.
me ar mesmis, raSia saqme.
me Tarjimani mWirdeba.
daxmarebis Txovna saubrisas
rogora vTqva qarTulad + fraza
mSobliur enaze rogor vTqva qarTulad sityva
salam aleiqum ?
aseT SemTxvevaSi Tqven rogor
(ras) ambobT?
42
sametyvelo etiketi (socializacia)
pasuxi mobodiSebaze
arafris/arauSavs/gapatieT/
(mobodiSebis miReba) es araferia/nu
swuxarT, es gamoswordeba/aq
araferia sabodiSo/es upatiebelia
(mobodiSebis uaryofa)
ara, amjerad ukve veRar gapatiebT,
es upatiebeli saqcielia. ratom
mixdiT bodiSs, amaSi araferia
sabodiSo.
mere ra, rom ase moxda, es
gamoswordeba, nu swuxarT.
madliereba
madlobas mogaxsenebT
(oficialuri forma) madlobas mogaxsenebT am
SesaniSnavi saRamos mowyobisaTvis.
pasuxi madlierebaze
sapasuxo replika saCuqarze
madlobisaTvis
tansacmlis/fexsacmlis
Cuqebaze madlobisaTvis janmrTelobaSi/RmerTma
janmrTelobaSi/sixarulSi
mogaxmaros/mziT gacviTe.
gacnoba
neba miboZeT warmogidginoT/
gagecnoT... Jurnalisti: - neba miboZeT
warmogidginoT batoni Tamazi.
batono Tamaz, gTxovT gaecaniT
mayurebels. – me gaxlavarT
Tamaz devdariani, biologiis
mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.
43
B2 − zRvruli ganviTarebuli done
inteleqtualuri urTierTobebi
albaToba, SesaZlebloba,
garkveuloba-gaurkvevloba
albaT
SeiZleba/SesaZloa
savaraudoa
saeWvoa
egeb
ar vici, an... an ar vici, maia an mova, an ar mova.
imeds vitoveb, rom... vimedovneb, rom Tamriko da niko
wamovlen, kaxa wamova Tu ara, ar
vici. ara var darwmunebuli, rom
nino iq aris, Salva rom iq
dagxvdeba, es udavoa. veWvob, rom
yvelaferi ise kargad iyos,
rogorc daTos hgonia.
garkveuloba-gaurkvevlobis
xarisxis dadgena
Tqven Rrmad xarT darwmunebuli,
rom + Setyobineba Tqven Rrmad xarT darwmunebuli
gios simarTleSi?
Tqven kargad iciT +
Setyobineba Tqven kargad iciT es gza?
Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT,
rom + Setyobineba Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT, rom
amis Tqma saWiroa?
Tqven migaCniaT, rom +
Setyobineba Tqven migaCniaT, rom Cveni
sportsmenebi oqros Tu ara
vercxlis medlebs namdvilad
miiReben?
Tqven gjeraT + Setyobineba Tqven gjeraT misi warmatebis?
rogor fiqrobT + Setyobineba aTi saaTia. rogor fiqrobT,
stumrad misvla ukve gvianaa, Tu
jer kidev SeiZleba?
rogor ggoniaT, + Setyobineba rogor ggoniaT, Salva am
saqciels gvapatiebs?
nebis darTva
ra Tqma unda/rasakvirelia - SeiZleba wavide?
- diax, ra Tqma unda.
ki batono/diax/cxadia - SeiZleba davreko?/SeiZleba
visargeblo Tqveni telefoniT?
- diax, rasakvirvelia/cxadia,
SeiZleba.
44
uari Txovnaze
ara/ar SeiZleba - SeiZleba aviRo es wigni?
samwuxarod ara - ara, samwuxarod ver gagatanT,
Cemi ar aris.
vera, ver SevZleb - SeZlebT xval CemTan mosvlas?
- ver SevZleb, xval mTeli dRe
dakavebuli var.
ganzraxvis garkveva
ras izamT? ras apirebT?
xom ar isurvebdiT xom ar isurvebdiT civi ludis
dalevas? xom ar ivaxSmebdiT?
upiratesobis miniWeba
me rusuli arayi ufro momwons.
jobs nardi viTamaSoT.
zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva
rCeva, darigeba
me girCevT me girCevT iyidoT es wigni.
daanebe Tavi daanebe Tavi sigaretis mowevas!
Tqven (ar) gindaT Tqven (ar) gindaT iqiraoT manqana?
Tqven unda Tqven unda naxoT direqtori.
jobs... jobs mimarToT veqils.
gafrTxileba
frTxilad
frTxilad iyaviT!
ar/nu + imperativi ar dajdeT! nu mieyudebiT!
aq dajdoma akrZalulia.
mowodeba, Txovna
moqmedebis dawyebisaken
modiT, modiT!
modi! modi, vcadoT kunZis aweva.
Txovna, xvewna, mudara gTxovT/gexvewebiT/gemudarebiT,
daiwyeT muSaoba!
miTiTeba, instruqcia
mimarTeT airzenas salaros. bargi
SegiZliaT aeroportSi datovoT
da ise gaiseirnoT qalaqis
centrSi.
unda + informacia es Cemodani unda CaabaroT,
xelCanTa SegiZliaT SeitanoT
salonSi.
45
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT
instruqcia
paketi CauSviT mduRare wyalSi da
10 wuTi aduReT/ gaciebisas miiReT
TiTo abi dReSi 3 jer.
pretenzia
am nivTs defeqti aqvs am fanjaras defeqti aqvs,
gamomicvaleT, Tu SeiZleba.
Cemi SekveTa uxarisxodaa
Sesrulebuli
fexsacmeli cudadaa SekeTebuli,
gTxovT, kargad SeakeToT.
vinaidan Cemi SekveTa droulad
ver SeasruleT, gTxovT
damibrunoT gadaxdili Tanxa.
pasuxi pretenziaze
me ar veTanxmebi Tqvens
pretenzias
ratom gamiTiSeT telefoni, me xom
droulad gadavixade fuli!
moTxovna
bileTis moTxovna Tqveni bileTi, geTayva!
sabuTebis moTxovna warmoadgineT Tqveni sabuTebi, Tu
SeiZleba.
moTxovnis pasuxi
(ai) inebeT
ukacravad, raSia saqme?
Cemi sabuTebi wesrigSia. me yvela sabuTi wesrigSi maqvs.
es kanonsawinaaRmdegoa Tqveni moTxovna ukanonoa/ar aris
kanonieri.
me kanoni/wesrigi ar damirRvevia
me moviTxov, rom Tqven
daukavSirdeT/damakavSiroT
saelCosTan/sakonsulosTan me moviTxov saelCos
warmomadgenlis gamoZaxebas.
kmayofilebis gamoxatva
kargia, Zalian kargia, yvelaferi
wesrigSia yvelaferi wesrigSia/rigzea/
kargadaa. es isaa, rac mWirdeboda.
Cven Zalian gagvimarTla.
Cven dRes bedi gvwyalobs.
es yvelaferi erTob saintereso
iyo.
46
ukmayofilebis gamoxatva
es me ar mixdeba
me ar momwons me ar momwons es Jurnali.
me ar mawyobs me ar mawyobs am kabis fasi.
es is ar aris, rac me mWirdeba ara, me es ar gamomadgeba.
kmayofilebis/ukmayofilebis
garkveva
yvelaferi wesrigSia?
Tqven es gawyobT?
gakmayofilebT es pasuxi?
daxmarebis SeTavazeba
(xom ar) dagexmaroT?
SemiZlia dagexmaroT?/riT
dagexmaroT?
neba momeciT, dagexmaroT.
SeTavazeba, mowveva
gpatiJebT/gepatiJebiT Cems
dabadebis dReze.
gTxovT mobrZandeT.
neba momeciT, mogiwvioT sadilad.
mobrZandiT CvenTan stumrad.
mowvevis miReba
didi siamovnebiT.
gmadlobT, aucileblad moval.
moxaruli var Tqveni mopatiJebis.
uari mowvevaze
gmadlobT, ara
Zalian vwuxvar, magram... samwuxarod, Zalian dakavebuli
var da ver SevZleb mosvlas.
Zalian merideba uaris Tqma,
magram sxvagvarad ar SemiZlia.
pirdapiri pasuxisgan Tavis
arideba miWirs Tqma/pasuxi, unda
davfiqrde.
SeiZleba Tqven sworic
brZandebiT.
es Cemze ar aris damokidebuli.
me ase ar vityodi.
Cemi varaudiT...
47
sametyvelo etiketi (socializacia)
yuradRebis miqceva
ukacravad...
bodiSi/bodiSs gixdiT...
geTayva, Tu SeiZleba...
miTxariT, Tu SeiZleba...
(xom) ver metyviT...
(xom) ar iciT...
sapasuxo replika
diax/ki batono...
gismenT...
batono, gismenT!
mimarTva
saxeli ana.
saxeli/mamis saxeli ana lavrentis asuli.
batono/qalbatono gamarjobaT, qalbatono mariam.
profesori + saxeli, gvari sityva (moxsenebisTvis) eZleva
profesor mzeqala SaniZes.
Zvirfaso megobrebo/kolegebo/
stumrebo, pativcemulo sabWos
wevrebo, auditoriav...
mimarTva gamyidvelisadmi,
myidvelisadmi (gansakuTrebuli
forma ar arsebobs)
- Tu SeiZleba/geTayva, erTi
kilogrami yveli da ori boTli
nabeRlavi.- cxra lari da
oTxmoci TeTri.- inebeT/miiReT.
misalmeba
gamarjoba(T), mogesalmebiT.
dila mSvidobisa/saRamo
mSvidobisa.
pasuxi misalmebaze
gagimarjos.
mobrZandiT.
keTili iyos Tqveni mobrZaneba.
mokle kiTxva-pasuxi etiketis
dacviT
moxaruli var Tqveni naxvis.
rogor brZandebiT?
rogor aris Tqveni saqme?
rogor midis Tqveni samsaxuris
saqme?
saxlSi xom kargad xarT?
rogor imgzavreT?
rogor moewyveT?
48
mec aseve moxaruli var Tqveni
naxvis.
gmadlobT, kargad.
gmadlobT, ara miSavs.
gmadlobT, Tqven rogor gikiTxoT?
Cveulebrivad, yvelaferi kargadaa/
saqme kargad midis.
ise ra, arc mTlad kargad.
araoficialuri nacnoboba,
TviTwardgena
modi gavicnoT erTmaneTi +
Cemi saxelia...
modi, gavicnoT erTmaneTi, Cemi
saxelia daTo.
ukacravad, Tqveni saxeli?
me daviT dadiani var
Tqven ra gqviaT? Cemi saxelia
gigi, gigi gelovani. Cemi
TviTmfrinavi igvianebs. ukve
ramdeni xania vsaubrobT da arc
ki gagvicnia erTmaneTi, me nana
mqvia, Tqven?
oficialuri wardgena
Suamavlis gareSe
neba miboZeT/momeciT,
warmogidginoT Cemi Tavi -/
warvsdge Tqven winaSe – me
gaxlavarT Tamriko ratiani.
oficialuri wardgena
Suamavlis saSualebiT
oficialuri mimarTva +
warmogidginoT + statusi/
Tanamdeboba + saxeli, gvari batono grigol, neba miboZeT
warmogidginoT Cemi meuRle maia
kvezereli.
icnobdeT, + batoni/qalbatoni +
(statusi/Tanamdeboba) + saxeli,
gvari icnobdeT, erovnuli biblioTekis
direqtori batoni zaza abaSiZe.
araoficialuri wardgena
mesame piris mier
es + saxeli (gvari) es marinaa.
es marina reviSvilia.
49
pasuxi wardgenaze
Zalian sasiamovnoa.
moxaruli var Tqveni gacnobis,
didi xania, mindoda Tqveni
gacnoba.
bednieri var Cveni nacnobobiT.
damSvidobeba
naxvamdis/Rame mSvidobisa.
momaval Sexvedramde/xvalamde.
kargad iyavi(T)/kargad
brZandebodeT!
komplimenti/qaTinauri
(Tqven) mSvenivrad/kargad
gamoiyurebi(T)
ra kargad gamoiyurebi
es Tqven Zalian gixdebaT es Cacmuloba Zalian gixdebaT.
es varcxniloba namdvilad
gamSvenebT.
Tqven Zalian keTili brZandebiT
Tqveni ojaxi ganTqmulia
stumarTmoyvareobiT.Y
Tqven Zalian kargi/SesaniSnavi +
statusi, wodeba + profesia Tqven mSvenieri diasaxlisi xarT.
nino saxelganTqmuli
pedagogia.
qeTevani cnobili mxatvaria.
pasuxi komplimentze
gmadlobT (qaTinaurisaTvis).
gmadlobT Tqveni
keTilganwyobisaTvis.
Tavazianoba
me yovelTvis/Zalian/moxaruli var
Tqveni naxvis.
CemTvis Zalian sasiamovno iyo
Tqveni gacnoba.
moxaruli var Tqveni ojaxis
gacnobiT/rom gavicani Tqveni
ojaxi.
keTili survilebi
gisurvebT yvelafers kargs/
yovelive saukeTesos.
(RmerTma) Segargos (saWmelze).
keTili mgzavroba.
gisurvebT janmrTelobas/
bednierebas/sixaruls.
50
gisurvebT sixaruls/bednierebas/
janmrTelobas/warmatebebs/karg
iRbals/xangrZliv sicocxles.
TanagrZnoba-mxardaWera
TanagrZnobiT Sexvedra mis azrs yvelam mxari dauWira/mis
azrs yvelam TanaugrZno/mis azrs
yvela daeTanxma.
TanagrZnoba mwuxarebisas
me Tqven gulwrfelad
TanagigrZnobT miiReT Cemi gulwrfeli/Rrma
TanagrZnoba.
me Zalian vwuxvar.
monawile var Tqveni mwuxarebis/
viziareb Tqvens mwuxarebas.
saCuqris gadacema
es Tqven/es TqvenTvisaa vimedovneb, (rom) mogewonebaT.
me mgoni mogewonebaT.
sadRegrZelo
(Tamadis instituti) siZe-patarZals gaumarjos.
am WiqiT/am sasmisiT ojaxis
diasaxlisi minda vadRegrZelo/
davloco.
(pirovnebis daxasiaTeba, misi
Rirsebebis warmoCena, samomavlo
survilebi).
51
2.2 zogadi cnebebi
(zogadi cnebebis gamoxatvis enobrivi saSualebebi)
zogad cnebebs miekuTvneba pirvel rigSi filosofiuri da logikuri
kategoriebi (sivrce, dro, raodenoba, xarisxi...). isini universaluria
TiTqmis yvela enisTvis. universaluri is azrebi da mniSvnelobebia,
romlebic praqtikulad yvela situaciaSi gvxvdeba. zogadi cnebebi
Semdegnairad gvaqvs dajgufebuli:
- arseboba, yofiereba, qona-yola
- sivrce
- moZraoba
- dro
- xarisxi
- raodenoba
- kavSir-urTierToba
- emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi
qarTuli enis elementarulidan Tavisufal flobamde sxvadasxva xasiaTis
komunikaciuri moTxovnebia dasakmayofilebeli. qvemoT warmodgenili
masalac swored am moTxovnebidan gamomdinarea SerCeuli.
zogadi cnebebis katalogi
A1 – enis gasaRebi
yofna, arseboba, qona-yola
pirovnebis, sagnis, nivTis
arseboba
aris/arsebobs, ar aris/ar
arsebobs
aq/iq/mand aq aris faqsi.
aq/iq/mand mand ar aris cirki.
sastumroSi aris auzi.
restoranSi ar aris bari.
arseboba arsebobs quCaSi moZraobis wesebi.
mosvla wvima/Tovli modis/wamovida.
Sedgeba TamaSi Sedgeba/gaimarTeba zeg 5
saaTze.
52
dabadeba mas eyola vaJiSvili.
gaxdoma is eqimi gaxdeba.
daswreba/dauswrebloba
daswreba
TandaswrebiT me vilaparakeb mxolod veqilis
TandaswrebiT.
dauswrebloba/ar yofna vin ar aris/vin gvaklia?
maia aq/mand/iq aris.
eqimi boWoriSvili dRes
saavadmyofoSi ar aris/ar iqneba.
vano aq ar aris. Tamuna iq aris.
qona/ar qona
me maqvs me maqvs SekiTxva.
nodars usiamovnebebi aqvs.
am students ara aqvs leqsikoni.
Cven ara gvaqvs aranairi cnobari.
realoba/irealoba
namdvilad, WeSmaritad sworad brZanebT.
sivrce
sivrciTi koordinatebi
adgilsamyofeli raime
orientaciis mimarT
yofna, mdebareoba, ganTavseba
- Si saxlSi, mTaSi, kinoSi.
- ze magidaze, napirze, xeze.
- Tan TeatrTan, mamasTan.
- qveS xidis qveS, qvis qveS.
- win saxlis win.
- ukan ezos ukan.
- gverdiT ninos gverdiT.
- Soris, Sua vin dgas Cven Soris.
im or arxs Sua saTesi miwaa.
marjvniv,/marcxniv saxlis marjvniv auzia, marcxniv ki
didi muxis xe dgas.
- pirdapir saxlis pirdapir mwvane mindoria.
- centrSi soflis centrSi lamazi parkia.
- SuaSi ezos SuaSi Sadrevania.
parametrebi
zoma, odenoba didi, momcro, patara;
maRali, dabali;
53
uzarmazari, pawawina, saSualo,
normaluri.
grZeli, mokle;
maRali, dabali, Rrma, Txeli/
wvrili.
sqeli/msuqani, gamxdari.
moZraoba
fexiT
fexiT siaruli fexiT siaruli sasargebloa.
wasvla, gasvla, misvla, mosvla yovel diliT saxlidan vakis
parkamde ZunZuliT mivdivar.
saxlidan Svid saaTze gavdivar.
parkSi naxevar saaTSi mivdivar.
cota xanSi ukan movdivar/
vbrundebi. am dros saxlSi
aRaravin mxvdeba. yvelani
wasulebi arian.
siaruli, sirbili
cekva, siaruli me parkSi Sadrevanis garSemo
davrbivar, nino ki cekvavs. ra
mimosvlaa, ramdeni xalxia, ra
moxda?
moZraoba transportiT
wasvla, mgzavroba, gaCereba daviTi diliT avtobusiT midis
samsaxurSi. me troleibusiT
mgzavroba mirCevnia.
es avtobusi bankis win Cerdeba.
vinmes/raimes transportireba
transportiT mitana, motana,
waReba, wamoReba Cveni aveji sabargo manqaniT
gadaitanes.
moZraobis mimarTuleba
saiT? saidan?
marcxniv, marjvniv, win, ukan
aq, iq, aqeT, iqeT
aqedan, iqidan, mandedan
- Si qalaqSi mivdivar.
- ze am gaCerebaze SevxvdeT.
- dan tyidan gamovida mgeli.
- Tan megobarTan wavedi.
54
dro
arafardobiTi dro
drois monakveTi wami, wuTi, saaTi (15 wuTi, naxevari
saaTi), dRe, dRe-Rame, kvira, Tve,
kvartali;
naxevari weli, weliwadi, saukune,
epoqa;
cxovreba mTeli dRe, mTeli weliwadi, mTeli
cxovreba.
kviris dReebis saxelwodeba orSabaTi, samSabaTi, oTxSabaTi,
xuTSabaTi, paraskevi, SabaTi, kvira.
Tveebis saxelwodeba: ianvari, Tebervali, marti, aprili,
maisi, ivnisi, ivlisi, agvisto,
seqtemberi, oqtomberi, noemberi,
dekemberi.
weliwadis droebis
saxelwodeba: zamTarSi,
gazafxulze, zafxulSi,
Semodgomaze zamTari, gazafxuli, zafxuli,
Semodgoma.
dRe-Ramis monakveTi: diliT,
dRisiT, saRamos, Rame dila, dRe, saRamo, Rame.
mere, male, ... (xnis) winaT/Semdeg giga male mova, mere cirkSi
wavalT.
es iyo TxuTmeti wlis winaT, ori
saaTis Semdeg.
gakveTili, Sesveneba, antraqti,
pauza, ardadegebi, Svebuleba gakveTili 45 wuTi grZeldeba.
zamTris ardadegebi gudaurSi
gavatare.
dasvenebis dRe, samuSao dReebi SabaT-kvira gansakuTrebiT
miyvars.
dResaswauli Soba, axali weli, aRdgoma.
iubile giorgis male mrgvali TariRi
Seusruldeba.
jerjerobiT jerjerobiT aq daicadeT/cota
xans daicadeT.
zusti dro (aTvlis wertili)
rodis?
dro
zusti dro + ze paraskevs sam saaTze.
am dRes (saRamos, TveSi, wels) am kviraSi.
gasul/momaval kviras.
gasul/momaval TveSi/wels.
dekemberSi. 1921 wels.
am diliT, wuxel.
55
dro + Tvis sami saaTisTvis.
dadgoma, dadga dadga/movida axali weli.
rodis me ar vici, rodis mova gia.mova,
magram rodis.
axla.
guSin, dRes, xval.
guSinwin, zeg, mazeg.
drois aRricxva
ra droa axla? romeli saaTia?
3 saaTia, 5 saaTia.
pirveli saaTia, oTxis xuTi wuTia.
sams uklia xuTi wuTi.
xuTis TxuTmeti wuTia, xuTs uklia
TxuTmeti wuTi.
naxevaria samis, xuTis naxevaria.
SuadRe, SuaRame.
xarisxi
piris, sagnis fizikuri Tvisebebi
gemo
gemrieli, ugemuri
sasiamovno, arasasiamovno
tkbili, mlaSe
mJave, mware, cxare CemTvis ar SeiZleba cxare
saWmlis Wama.
gemrielia, ugemuria
gemos gasinjva, dagemovneba gasinjeT/daagemovneT Cemi
gakeTebuli Rvezeli.
feri
ferebi TeTri, Savi, wiTeli, narinjisferi,
yviTeli, mwvane, cisferi, lurji,
iisferi, yavisferi, vardisferi,
nacrisferi, ruxi, oqrosferi,
vercxlisferi...
asaki ramdeni wlis xar? ra xnis xar?
me 20 wlis var; is 21 wlis aris.
bavSvi, axalgazrda, moxuci.
56
raodenoba
ricxvi
ramdeni? ramdenime, bevri, cota.
ricxvi, cifri
ricxvisa da cifris saxelwodeba
mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi
Tvla, daTvla
daaxloebiT, TiTqmis, savaraudod
A2 − enis safuZveli
qona-arqona
pirovnebis, sagnis, nivTis
arseboba/ararseboba
mZRols aqvs sabuTebi.
mas ara aqvs ynosva.
u – o uSaqro yava. is usindisoa.
-iani limoniani Cai.
-iT Cai limoniT.
gareSe qeTis gareSe rogor xar?
mzad yofna me mzad(a) var wasasvlelad.
cnoba zeg iqneba mzad.
miReba besom miiRo werili.
damTavreba/gasvla marili gagviTavda. es zamTari
ara da ar damTavrda/gavida.
gasvla/dacxroma/moSveba fexis tkivili ar gamdis/micxreba/
meSveba.
dakargva CanTa da pasporti davkarge/
damekarga.
sivrce
adgilsamyofeli sivrceSi
sad? aqeT, iqiT, mand, yvelgan, saxlSi...
sadRac, arsad, sadme, SigniT, gareT,
quCaSi, ai iq, ai aq.
is saxlSi ar aris, is institutSia.
57
cxovrobs, aris, muSaobs, dgas,
swavlobs, aris xolme guSin eqimTan viyavi. niko
konservatoriaSi swavlobs.
sivrceSi ganfeniloba
dgoma, wola, jdoma, dakideba,
dadgma, dadeba, deba, gdeba me axlave agixsniT sad aris
akademia.
adgoma, ayeneba, dayeneba, dasma,
dajdoma
gaSveba, CaSveba, daSveba
aReba, adgoma
vardna, davardna, dacema
pirdapir, sworad
sivrciTi koordinatebi
dasawyisi, dasasruli (ris) ai gzis dasawyisi.
Sexvedris adgili.
sazRvari sazRvris saguSago aqedan sul
raRac xuTas metrSia.
adgili Cvens mxareSi kargi xili modis.
mxare quCis marcxena mxares kargi
sastumroa.
Sesasvleli, gasasvleli
gza, quCa, gamziri, ubani,
trotuari, gzajvaredini, Sesaxvevi,
moedani
dawyeba
damTavreba
parametrebi
uzarmazari, zomieri es erTi cicqna biWi am uzarmazar
lods rogor daeWida.
cicqna/erTi cicqna, didi
ganieri, viwro, sifrifana, msuqani
Cvens ubanSi viwro quCebia.
is bavSvi msuqana iyo.
gazomva, zomis aReba mkeravma bavSvs zomebi auRo da
kabas ukeravs.
gansazRvra, gansazRvreba zustad,
miaxloebiT am patara biWs albaT 24 zoma
fexsacmeli moergeba.
sigrZe, sigane, simaRle
zoma fexsacmlis/tansacmlis zoma. ra
zomis fexi gaqvs?
58
manZili
manZili, siSore Tbilisidan baTumamde 600
kilometria.
darCena qalaqamde 2 kilometri darCa.
saxlidan samsaxuramde 3 gaCerebaa.
gaCereba 200 metris Semdegaa.
farTobi
farTi binis saerTo farTia 150 kv.m.
didi, patara, saSualo, kvadratuli.
metri es patara oTaxia.
moculoba
dasxma damisxi, geTayva, borjomi.
daleva dalie cota viski.
bevri, cota bevri arayi mavnebelia.
savse, carieli es boTli carielia.
moZraoba
fexiT
siaruli bavSvma daiwyo siaruli/fexi
aidga.
seirnoba
waqceva nini yoveldRe parkSi seirnobs,
magram guSin gaqceva da waqceva
erTi iyo.
mibrZaneba, mobrZaneba mibrZandiT aqedan! Cveni qosa-
tyuila mobrZanda.
moZraoba transportiT
frena, gafrena TviTmfrinavi venidan Ramis 12
saaTze Camofrinda.
mgzavroba kviraSi erTxel matarebliT
miwevs mgzavroba.
curva, gacurva mdinare giom gadacura.
vinmes/raimes transportireba
mitana, motana, waReba, wamoReba qeTis Tavisi Tojina sul Tan
daaqvs: sofelSi midis – Tan
miaqvs, TbilisSi Camodis – ukan
moaqvs.
Catana, Camotana
moZraobis mimarTuleba
saiTken? saidan?
fexiT wasvla/mosvla aqeT-iqiT, aqeT-iqeT, saqanela
qanaobs.
transportiT wasvla/mosvla
59
saiT, saiTme, sadRac, sadme
arsad, arsaidan, saidan,
pirdapir, zeviT, qveviT,
qvemoTken, zemoTken
saxlisken, saxlidan
aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi,
CrdiloeTi, samxreTi
gadaadgileba orientiris mimarT
moZraoba orientiris
mimarTulebiT
siaruli, mosvla, sarkinigzo,
sazRvao transportiT mgzavroba,
sahaero transportiT frena
dro
TariRi
ra ricxvia dRes 2006 wlis 6 maisi (zepirad).
6 maisi, 2006w. an 06.05.06 (weriT).
kalendari, Tve, ricxvi
TariRis dasma - rodis/romel ricxvSi daiwyo
ardadegebi?
- pirvel ivniss.
arafardobiToba droSi
zmna awmyo droSi prados muzeumi aris
madridSi.
luvri parizSia.
fardobiTi dro
drois rigi bavSvma daiwyo laparaki/ena aidga,
siaruli/fexi aidga.
moqmedebis dasawyisi leqcia ukve daiwyo. speqtakli
iwyeba. koncertis dasawyisi 12
saaTze.
dawyeba, dasawyisi Tvis/kvartlis dasawyisi...
momavali wlis dasawyisSi.
a – amRerda, alaparakda, ayvirda.
– dan maRazia muSaobs 9 saaTidan.
moqmedebis dasruleba
damTavreba/dasruleba
moTaveba moTavda, moaTava.
dasasruli, bolo filmis dasasruli.
dRis/Tvis bolos.
am wlis bolos.
60
dro mimdinare momentTan mimarTebaSi
awmyos kuTvnileba
dRes, axla, amJamad
axali axali gazeTi.
jer/isev/kvlav/kidev
am TveSi, am wels, am kviraSi
warsulis kuTvnileba
guSin, guSinwin, ufro adre guSin kargi amindi iyo.
didi xnis win, cota xnis win
axlaxan
gasul gasul kviras; gasul orSabaTs;
gasul TveSi; SarSan; gasul
zamTars; gasul zafxuls.
drois an periodis aRmniSvneli 5 wlis win;
win 3 dRis win;
momavlis kuTvnileba
vapirebT Cven vapirebT televizorSi axali
ambebis yurebas.
Cven mivemgzavrebiT SuaRamisas.
isini mifrinaven xval.
SemdgomSi, male, xval, zeg
dRes SuadRisas
Semdeg, momaval Semdeg samSabaTs; momaval
oTxSabaTs;
momaval kviras;
momaval wels;
momavali, momaval momavali Sexvedra; momaval TveSi;
momaval wels;
uaxloes momavalSi, uaxloes
droSi;
Semdeg sami dRis Semdeg.
xarisxi
piris, sagnis fizikuri Tvisebebi
mxedveloba
xedva, danaxva aqedan kargad vxedav.
Cans, ar Cans iqidan kargad Cans.
xilvadoba dRes gzebze cudi xilvadobaa.
yureba, Sexedva
Tvali
61
brma/usinaTlo usinaTloTa sazogadoebas
daxmareba sWirdeba.
SemCneva, danaxva, povna es qalbatoni cudad xedavs da
ver daginaxaT, verc kedlis bzari
SeamCnia da verc saTvale ipova.
sinaTle, sibnele naTeli oTaxi. bneli sardafi.
Crdili CrdilSi dgoma.
CarTva, gamorTva eleqtrikosi CarTavs/gamorTavs
sinaTles.
smena
smena Cemi papida dayruvda, aRaraferi
esmis.
mosmena niniko musikas usmens.
ismis aq cudad ismis.
xmamaRali, xmadabali (Cumi) is Cumad laparakobs.
xmamaRla, Cumad/siCumea oTaxSi siCumea.
xmamaRla xmamaRali kiTxva.
xma
yvirili, dayvireba bavSvi ayvirda, sxva bavSvebmac
daiwyes yvirili/daiyvires.
xmauroba
xmauri ra xmauri atexeT?
xmauria
dumili, gaCumeba dumili oqroa.
Wori Wori dadis TiTqos... es sul
Worebia.
ynosva
cxviri
suni/dgoma ra gemrieli suni dgas!mgoni, gazis
suni dgas.
sunamo, odekoloni
suni, surneli surnelovani, suniani, usuno;
kargi, cudi, sasiamovno,
arasasiamovno, nazi sasiamovno/arasasiamovno suni.
sunis SegrZneba aq veraviTar suns ver vgrZnob.
feri
sufTa, mkveTri, nazi
toni
baci/Ria baci/Ria tonebi; baci mwvane,
muqi muqi tonebi; muqi yavisferi.
saRebavi
aRqma
grZnoba, SegrZneba
Sexeba, xelis xleba xeli ar axloT!
rbili, magari, nazi ra rbili savarZelia!
62
temperatura
temperatura
gradusi, nuli/noli, nols
qvemoT, nols zemoT xval iqneba +10 (aTi gradusi
nols zemoT, plus aTi gradusi).
cxeli, Tbili, grili, civi
cxela, Tbila, grila, civa, yinavs quCaSi civa, me mciva.
sicxe, yinva, sicive dRes 15 gradusi yinvaa/sicivea.
(minus 15 gradusi).
zomva, gazomva temperaturis gazomva.
gayinva Rame sarecxi gaiyina.
gaTboba moxuci RumelTan Tbeba.
maRali, dabali dabali temperatura.
mduRare mduRare wyalSi Cadeba.
cecxli, xanZari
namdviloba, WeSmariteba
namdvili es namdvili tyavia.
namdvilad es namdvilad franguli sunamoa?
marTlac es naxati originali ar aris.
dedani, originali
advili/Zneli
advili, Zneli, mZime is mZime adamiania.
sirTule
advilad, Znelad mas Znelad vugeb.
martivi/rTuli
martivi, rTuli
martivad, rTulad is rTulad wers.
sufTa/WuWyiani
sufTa, WuWyiani
sisufTave, sibinZure saxls yoveldRe valageb da
amitomac aris sisufTave.
dabana, banaoba
recxva, gasufTaveba SabaTobiT vrecxav.
mtvris gadawmenda mtveri guSin gadavwminde da dRes
avejs isev mtveri daedo.
dalageba, mowesrigeba
savse/carieli
savse, carieli carieli Wiqa.
dasxma Cais dasxma.
Cadeba, Cayra CaiSi Saqari Cagiyaro?
TiTqmis Cemi benzinis avzi TiTqmis savsea.
63
fasi
fasi, Rirebuleba ra Rirs es Tojina?
gadaxda, anazRaureba, ganaRdeba nikom vali gadaixada.
sazRauri
Zvirfasi, iaffasiani, iafi Zvirfasi wigni.
iafad, Zvirad dRisiT yvelaferi Zviria, saRamoTi
ufro iafad SeiZleba produqtis
SeZena.
maRali, dabali yvelaze maRali fasebi moskovSia.
fasiani, ufaso fasiani poliklinika.
mniSvneloba
didi mniSvneloba aqvs; pirvel STabeWdilebas didi
mniSvneloba aqvs.
did rols TamaSobs gogi did rols TamaSobs am
saqmeSi.
did rols ar TamaSobs
uzarmazari
mniSvnelovani es Zalze mniSvnelovania.
mTavari, ZiriTadi, didi
cnobili, didi didi mecnieri/poeti, mxatvari.
sasurveli
minda, msurs
me minda me minda/msurs TeatrSi wasvla.
me msurs me minda, rom Tqven Cempioni
gaxdeT.
dae dae mudam iyos mze.
B1 − zRvruli done
sivrce
sivrciTi koordinatebi
usasrulo sivrce alaznis veli usazRvrod moCans.
SezRuduli sivrce es oTaxi Zalian pataraa, Tanac
dabalWeriania.
sazRvari/usazRvro
parametrebi, ganzomilebis
erTeulebi
veeberTela caze veeberTela sahaero buSti
dafrinavs.
erTi bewo, erTi cicqna
64
ganieri, viwro, farTe
ganzomileba
gansazRvra, gansazRvreba zustad, miaxloebiT.
milimetri, santimetri
decimetri, metri, kilometri
funti, lie, mili
siRrme, sisqe es qvevri Zalian Rrmaa.
zoma tansacmlis/fexsacmlis zoma.
manZili
Sors, Soriaxlos, aqve, axlos
Soreuli, maxlobeli, uaxloesi,
mezobeli
farTobi
siviwrove, sixalvaTe aq nametani siviwrovea.
mgzavroba/mogzauroba
sxvadasxva transportiT gemiT mogzauroba miyvars, magram
ver vitan, radgan zRvis
avadmyofoba maqvs.
moZraoba
wayvana, tareba bavSvs kviraSi samjer vatareb
simReris gakveTilze.
moZraoba, gaCereba zafxulSi Ria avtobusi dadis,
romelic, Cveulebriv, yvela
gaCerebaze Cerdeba.
transportis wayvana giorgis kateris wayvana SeuZlia,
marTvis mowmobac aqvs.
fexiT/transportiT siaruli
moZraobis mimarTuleba
orientirisken
saidan – saiT/saiTken transportiT misvla gaCerebamde
Tavisuflebis moedani.
misvla fexiT/transportiT -mde
miRweva, misvla rogor mivide rkinigzis
sadguramde?
Camosvla, Camodgoma matarebeli borjomi-Tbilisi
Camodgeba mesame liandagze.
gamovla, mokiTxva sam saaTze mogakiTxav.
gamoiareT sam kviraSi.
dabruneba
Sexvedra SevxvdebiT quCaSi.
65
Sesvla (fexiT, transportiT)
gamosvla (fexiT, transportiT)
moZraoba orientiridan
wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena
waReba, -dan man saxlidan nivTebi gaitana.
gaiwia, mocilda - dan nanam Zlivs gamoaRwia saxlidan.
gasvla, gamgzavreba matarebeli gadis mexuTe
platformidan.
moZraoba trasaze
siaruli, mgzavroba, frena,
sirbili, curva, seirnoba,
moZraoba, tareba, waReba. mariami manqanas kargad atarebs.
gza, liandagi, gzatkecili, quCa,
gamziri, gadasasvleli,
gzajvaredini, xidi, kibe xids gadaivli, kibeze Caxval,
gzajvaredinze gaxval da
marjvniv afTiaqs dainaxav.
Cavla (gverdiT, iqve, axlos) gverdiT Cauara.
-Tan, Sua, Soris, win, ukan
gavla, Cavla, frena, Cafrena,
gverdiT, iqve, axlos, Tan, Sua,
Soris, win, ukan Cavla afTiaqis win. gagarinis
moednis gavla.
sakuTari gaCerebis gavla.
moZraobis mizani
wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena. maRaziaSi wasvla purisTvis.
mosvla, Camosvla, Camofrena,
morbena erTi wuTiT Semogirbine.
wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena,
gaqceva, misvla (fexiT,
transportiT), mifrena, mirbena
gacileba, mocileba (moSoreba) saxlamde gagacilebT.
moZraoba Camovida konferenciaze
gamosasvlelad.
Camovida imisTvis, rom gamovides
konferenciaze.
miuaxlovda, raTa misalmeboda.
moZraobis xarisxi
midis, mirbis, miiCqaris miiCqaris matarebelze, mirbis
stadionisken, midis samsaxurSi.
swrafi, neli
swrafad, nela, auCqareblad
moZraobis raodenoba
moZraobis raodenobis sazomi
raodenobrivi mniSvneloba man dRes 100 kilometri gaiara.
66
- Soria metrodan muzeumamde?
- avtobusiT ori gaCerebaa.
- fexiT xuTi wuTis savalzea.
moZraobis siCqare
km/sT (kilometri saaTSi)
zustad, daaxloebiT, TiTqmis
swrafi, neli
swrafad, nela, ZlivZliobiT
dro
drois aRricxva
saaTis dayeneba, saaTis gasworeba
saaTi dRes diliT gavaswore da
is xuTi wuTiT ukve CamorCa.
zustad zustad xuTia.
dadis Cemi saaTi zustad dadis/zust
dros uCvenebs.
win midis ninos saaTi win midis.
ukan rCeba kaxas saaTi ukan rCeba.
xangrZlivoba
ramden xans
didi xania, cota xania me aq vcxovrob/var ori welia/
wuTia, saaTia, dRea, kviraa, Tvea,
mTeli dRea, mTeli Ramea, mTeli
zamTaria, mudmivad, mTeli
cxovreba.
- dros ardadegebis dros.
-dan – -mde sam saaTamde, dilidan saRamomde.
-is CaTvliT 3 aprilis CaTvliT.
gagrZeleba 1-dan 10 ivnisis CaTvliT.
grZeldeba Casxdoma reisze N 437.dasrulebuloba
-mde biblioTeka muSaobs 21 saaTamde.
moqmedebis Tanamimdevrobis rigi
Tavidan, mere, Semdeg, bolos
uwin, ufro adre, Semdgom, bolos
ukve Cven ukve visadileT.
jer mas jer ar daurekavs.
male me male moval.
gagrZeleba, gavagrZeloT gavagrZeloT saubari.
gagrZeleba gagrZeleba iqneba.
momdevno, Semdegi momdevno dRes. vin aris Semdegi?
67
rigiTi mniSvnelobebi pirveli, meore... mease.
jer erTi, meore, mesame...
ukanaskneli, bolo bolo seansi kinoTeatrSi.
dawyeba, iwyeba
damTavreba, mTavrdeba
erTi moqmedebis dro meore moqmedebis drosTan mimarTebaSi
erTdrouloba
- dros + saxeli avariis dros; xanZris
dros;
mogiyvebi Sexvedris dros/
Sexvedrisas.
erTdrouli, erTdroulad
rodis
imave dros Cven safrangeTSi erTsa da imave
dros viyaviT. me maSin viyavi
safrangeTSi, roca Senc iq iyavi.
winswreba
- win dResaswaulis win.
-mde omamde.
ufro adre, vidre man universiteti daamTavra ufro
adre, vidre me.
jer ar Cven jer ar gvinaxavs es filmi.
jer kidev is jer kidev ar mosula?
ukve man ukve yvelaferi gaakeTa.
Tavidan/manam, sanam/manamde,
vidre/imis win, vidre/vidre vidre Cven vlaparakobdiT, maRazia
daiketa.
Tanmimdevruloba
mas Semdeg, rac
mere/Semdeg/mogvianebiT/
ufro gvian, vidre koncertis/konferenciis/samuSaos/
gakveTilis Semdeg.
23 saaTis Semdeg.
odesme
rogorme rogorme Semogivli.
Semdeg Semdeg ra gavakeTo?
wona
grami, kilogrami, naxevari ramdens iwoniT?
kilo, tona, centneri erTi centneri aris 100 kilo.
msubuqi, mZime
68
adamianis mdgomareoba da fizikuri SesaZleblobani
asaki
sabavSvo, axalgazrduli,
mozardTa, mozrdilTa
moxuci, xnieri
Cvili, bavSvi, gogona, biWi,
axalgazrda, ymawvili, qaliSvili
deida, biZia, dideda (bebia), papa
(babua)
fizikuri mdgomareoba
Zlieri, susti, daRlili, mTvrali
daRla
kargad, cudad, mZimed, msubuqad
janmrTeloba
rogor grZnobT Tavs?
masalaqaRaldi, xe, oqro, vercxli, tyavi,
liToni, plastmasi, rezini,
sinTetika, mina, abreSumi, bamba,
matyli.
-idan xidan, matylidan, bambidan.
masalis aRmniSvneli 100% bamba. qaRaldis, xis, Salis,
abreSumis, naturaluri,
xelovnuri.
Sefaseba
xarisxis Sefaseba
kargi, ukeTesi, saukeTeso, yvelaze
kargi, araCveulebrivi, SesaniSnavi,
lamazi, cudi, uaresi, yvelaze cudi
SesaniSnavad, kargad, cudad is rusulad kargad kiTxulobs.
Zveli, axali, Tanamedrove Cveni macivari ukve Zvelia.
Cveulebrivi/araCveulebrivi
normaluri, Cveulebrivi,
araCveulebrivi
Cveuli, uCveulo uCveulo ram moxda.
ucnauri, gansakuTrebuli ucnauria, rogor mogvagno.
normalurad, Cveulebrivad,
araCveulebrivad, ucnaurad ra araCveulebrivad gamoiyurebi!
69
miCveva, SeCveva niniko Tavis ZiZas SeeCvia.
Cveva mas aseTi Cveva aqvs.
swori/araswori
swori, araswori, zusti
sworad, arasworad, kargad,
saukeTesod
gasinjva, Sesworeba
Secdomis daSveba, SeSla ra xSirad mogdis Secdoma/
geSleba.
Secdoma uSecdomod dawera.
Sesworeba, gasworeba
marTalia, ar aris marTali es umarTebuloa.
warmatebuli/warumatebeli
warmateba
warmatebuli, warumatebeli
SeZleba, SesaZlebloba, moxerxeba
Tqven SegiZliaT (moaxerxeT)
britaneTis muzeumSi Sesvla?
gamarTleba, umarTlebs me ar gamimarTla.
warmateba
warmatebuli
warmatebiT man warmatebiT iaspareza.
miRweva miaRwia karg Sedegs.
damarcxeba samwuxarod damarcxda.
sasargeblo/mavnebeli
sasargeblo, mavnebeli bostneuli sasargebloa.
bevri Wama mavnebelia.
advilad misawvdomi/
miuwvdomeli
daketva, Caketva maRazia iketeba rva saaTze.
gaxsna, gaReba saloni iReba cxra saaTze.
daketili, gaxsnili (Ria)
daketilia. Riaa.
dakavebulia. Tavisufalia.
muSaoba maRazia muSaobs.
miRweva, CaRweva es advilad misaRwevia.
vera da ver CavaRwie sofelSi.
SesaZlebeli/SeuZlebeli
SesaZlebeli
SesaZloa SesaZloa/SeiZleba xval iwvimos.
SesaZlebelia
SesaZlebloba
SeiZleba es SeiZleba Zalze swrafad
gakeTdes.
70
(ar) SeiZleba aq ar SeiZleba xmauri.
ar SeiZleba, SeuZlebelia Zalian cudad ismoda. ramis
gageba SeuZlebeli iyo.
SeiZleba/ar SeiZleba Tqven SegiZliaT, xval ar adgeT
Zalian adre.
SeZleba/ver SeZleba me SevZeli Teatris bileTis Sovna.
akrZalva eqimebma mas aukrZales moweva.
SeiZleba me ver SevZleb amis gakeTebas.
aucilebeli SenTvis aucilebelia eqimTan
misvla.
savaldebulo sxdomaze daswreba savaldebuloa.
unda faqsi xelmowerili unda iyos
firmis prezidentis mier.
isini unda wasuliyvnen jer kidev
guSin.
Cven unda wavideT. me wamali unda
davlio.
saWiroeba mas sWirdeba/esaWiroeba Tqveni
daxmareba.
saWiroa Tqveni pasporti.
valdebuleba Tqven valdebuli xarT, es
gaakeToT.
iZulebuli yofna iZulebuli var, mivlinebiT Tavad
gavfrinde.
Rirebuleba am filmis naxva Rirs.
radac ar unda daujdes
xarisxis Secvla
gaumjobeseba puri aSkarad gaumjobesda.
gauareseba am maRaziaSi momsaxureba
gauaresda.
gafuWeba amindi gafuWda.
mtvreva sayvavile daimtvra/daimsxvra/
texva gatyda.
Senaxva sad Seinaxa Tamrikom denis
qviTari?
gaxdoma is gaxda eqimi.
uceb, uecrad, moulodnelad uecrad is cudad gaxda.
raodenoba
raodenobis ganusazRvreloba
/gansazRvruloba
raodenobrivi ricxviTi saxelebi ramdenime.
zogierTi.
erTi, erTnaxevari, ori, orni,
orTave, orive, orjer, samjer.
71
boTli, Wiqa, TefSi
Sekvra, paketi
didi, uzarmazari, patara,
bevri, cota, mciredi maiam maRaziidan moitana erTi
boTli borjomi, didi dasta
asanTi, patara paketiT marili,
uzarmazari Sekvra karaqi da
cota Zexvi.
sakmao
sakmarisia
sakmarisi dro gyofnis?
dro geyo?
danawevrebuli/
daunawevrebeli raodenoba
mTeli, saerTo, savse
mTliani, yvela
srulad
sul sul ramdenia?
nawili, naxevari nawili da mTeli.
danarCeni
umravlesoba
Sedis + -Si + saxeli adgilze mitana Sedis
RirebulebaSi.
Sedgeba + -sgan + saxeli Cemi bargi Sedgeba 1 Cemodnisa da
2 CanTisgan.
xarisxi, sazomi
didi
patara, mcire
Zalian, sul, TiTqmis
zedmetad, sakmaod sakmaod Zlieri.
bevri, cota, sul cota
naklebi, meti
maRali, dabali maRali/dabali xelfasi.
SedarebiTi da aRmatebiTi
xarisxi ufro maRla. ufro maRla,
vidre...
ufro meti; ufro meti, vidre...
ufro naklebi.
ufro naklebi, vidre...
ZlivZlivobiT, sul odnav
raodenobis cvlileba
Semcireba es amcirebs risks.
mateba brinji xarSvisas imatebs.
gazrda nabeWdi produqcia yovelwliurad
izrdeba.
-iT gaizrdeba 5 metriT.
-jer, - ramdenjer fasebi gaizarda 100-jer.
72
emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi
grZnobebi, emociebi, neba
grZnoba, SegrZneba
grZnoba
siyvaruli, Seyvareba
siyvaruli siyvaruli agvamaRlebs.
xasiaTi
mSvidi Tamrikos mSvidi xasiaTi aqvs.
mSvidad
Relva nu Relav, yvelaferi kargad iqneba.
wuxili maias sicxe aqvs da Zalian wuxs.
SfoTva/foriaqi es gogona sul aforiaqebulia.
kmayofileba is kmayofilia mgzavrobiT.
gaxareba niniko saCuqarma gaaxara.
mowoneba lados mowons axali speqtakli.
sasiamovno, arasasiamovno ra sasiamovnoa.
bednieri, ubeduri es bednieri wyvilia.
mxiaruli, seriozuli bavSvebi seriozulad miudgnen am
ambavs.
gabrazeba, brazi gabrazeba ar gixdeba.
SiSi
sasacilo, mwuxare, mosawyeni,
saSiSi sasaciloa, samwuxaroa, mosawyenia,
saSiSia.
xumroba
sicili, Rimili sicili sicocxles axanZlivebs.
tirili, yvirili
pativiscema
pativcemulo, Zvirfaso pativcemulo nikoloz!
Zvirfaso Tamar!
madlobis gadaxda madlobas mogaxsenebT/gixdiT.
madlobeli var.
xvevna, moxvevna
kocna didi xnis unaxavma megobrebma
erTmaneTi gadakocnes.
mcdeloba, cdilobs
survili, unda, mounda
miRweva, miaRwia Sedegs miaRwia.
inteleqtualuri qmedebebi
azrovnebiTi moqmedebebi
fiqri, mofiqreba didia fiqri kacisa.
gageba, esmis
73
gasagebi, mkafio Tu SeiZleba ufro mkafiod
gamoTqviT, rom CemTvis gasagebi
iyos.
ocneba adamiani ocnebobs Svilis
warmatebebze.
SeTavazeba gamyidveli saqonels sTavazobs
myidvels.
kamaTi kamaTis kultura yvelas ara aqvs.
gadawyveta, gadaWra
gadawyvetileba
xsovna, gaxseneba
Seswavla
daviwyeba
Secdomis daSveba, SeSla
Semowmeba
SemCneva verc ki SevamCnieT, dro ise gavida.
gaanalizeba qveyanaSi politikuri
mdgomareobis gaanalizeba.
metyveleba
laparaki, Tqma mxolod laparakiT saqme ar
gamova.
saubari
moyola Tinikom kargi moyola icis.
SekiTxva
kiTxva, pasuxi - ra Rirs kitri? – ori lari.
gameoreba, ganmeoreba - ramdeni?
Sexseneba Tu ar Sewuxdebi, xval gamaxsene,
rom jabasTan davreko.
dapireba kviras cirkSi wagiyvan.
axsna maswavlebeli axal gakveTils
xsnis.
gamocxadeba gamocdebis Sedegebs acxadeben.
dasabuTeba mivlinebaSi wasvlis
aucilebloba kargad unda
daasabuTo.
gacnoba, gageba gaigeT, rodis vxvdebiT maT.
wera vaJam davaleba ukve dawera.
mowveva ninom Tavis koncertze megobrebi
miiwvia.
magaliTis moyvana
magaliTad magaliTisTvis aviRoT...
ganxilva ganvixiloT es situacia.
daTanxmeba Tanaxma var.
SewinaaRmdegeba me winaaRmdegi var/ver
dageTanxmebiT.
rCevis micema me girCevT, Tbilad CaicvaT.
74
rCeva Cemi azriT, dRes sigrilea, jobs
ufro Tbilad CaicvaT.
inteleqtualuri grZnobebi
da mdgomareoba
gageba me Tqveni ar mesmis, gasagebia.
grZnoba me vgrZnob, rom yvelaferi kargad
iqneba.
yuradRebis miqceva is Zalian yuradRebiania;
yuradRebiT moismine!
saintereso, uintereso es sainteresoa/uinteresoa.
daintereseba, gataceba nika Zalian interesiania, is axla
gatacebulia konstruqtoriT.
gakvirveba, gaoceba saocaria/sakvirvelia.
nuTu marTla.
dajereba, imedis qona imedi maqvs, es saqme dadebiTad
gadawydeba.
mjera, rom yvelaferi mogvardeba.
darwmuneba isini darwmunebuli arian?
naTelia CemTvis naTeli gaxda, rom is
Relavda.
kavSirebi da urTierTobani
gansazRvrebiTi da gansazRvrebiT-viTarebiTi
damokidebulebebi
kuTvnilebiTi, sakuTrebiTi
damokidebulebebi
visia?
Cemi, Seni, misi, Cveni, Tqveni,
maTi es Cemi CanTaa. Cemi ukeTesia.
sakuTari saxeli ninosi, Tamarisa, giorgisa, vaJasi...
qona, yola fulis qona, manqanis yola.
ninos aqvs magnitofoni.
miReba misgan mSvenieri saCuqari miviRe.
kuTvnileba es agaraki me-18 saukuneSi grafs
ekuTvnoda.
patroni saxlis patroni, ZaRlis patroni...
sakuTari es Cemi sakuTari saxlia.
sxvisi es manqana sxvisia. sxvisi nivTebi.
instrumenti
-iT fanqriT xatva, kalmiT wera.
saubris, fiqris sagani/obieqti
-ze fiqri bavSvebze, saubari
Wadrakze,
75
mogonebebi Tbilisze.
-is Taobaze am sakiTxis Taobaze mimarTeT
345-e oTaxSi.
garemoebiT ganpirobebuli
urTierToba
moqmedebis saxe
rogor? ra viTarebaSi? kargad, cudad, swrafad, nela,
Znelad, advilad, Cumad,
xmamaRla, moridebiT.
sulerTia.
radac ar unda daujdes
-is mixedviT Canawerebis mixedviT, wignis
mixedviT.
mizani
ratom? ra mizniT?
is movida dasaxmareblad.
is movida, rom damxmareboda.
is movida imisTvis, rom
damxmareboda.
Txovna, Tqma, survili vTxove, rom xval movides,
me vuTxari, rom xval movides.
me minda, rom is xval movides.
-sTvis + saxeli gazeTisTvis wasvla;
saxlisTvis, ojaxisTvis;
drois motoveba. varjiSisTvis/
varjiSis mizniT.
-is mizniT
piroba
ra pirobiT?
Tu xval Tu darekavT, me ukve SevZleb,
giTxraT, rodis iqneba yvelaferi
mzad.
rom..., maSin misamarTi rom gvcodnoda, maSin
misi moZebna ar gagviWirdeboda.
-is dros xanZris dros, avariis dros.
-is SemTxvevaSi + saxeli xanZris SemTxvevaSi darekeT 01.
logikuri urTierTobebi,
kavSiri
da, magram, -c; iseve, rogorc mecniereba da teqnika;
giorgic midis.
ara mxolod..., aramed Cven movaswariT ara mxolod
britaneTis muzeumis naxva, aramed
viyaviT britaneTis biblioTeka-
Sic.
CarTuloba/CaurTveloba
erTad Cven iq erTad viyaviT.
76
-Tan erTad iq wasvla mindoda maTTan
erTad.
gareSe iq wasvlas ar vapirebT mananas
gareSe.
garda yvelani iq viyaviT, Sen garda.
mnaxvelTa miReba yoveldRe,
oTxSabaTis garda.
calke telefonis fuli calke unda
gadaixado.
saerTo/calkeuli
saerTo
nebismieri
calkeuli, calke calke oTaxi, calkeuli sakiTxi.
magaliTi avxsnaT magaliTis meSveobiT.
marto me marto vcxovrob.
B2 −−−−− zRvruli ganviTarebuli done
sivrce
moculoba
litri, Careqa, koka,
Wiqa, boTli, TefSi,
paketi, yanwi, Wiqa wyali, erTi boTli
nabeRlavi, erTi paketi rZe.
dasxma
daleva dalieT/miirTviT limoniani Cai.
cota, bevri SemivseT, geTayva yanwi.
savse, carieli es boTli carielia.
moZraoba
moZraoba fexiT
mibrZaneba, mobrZaneba mibrZandiT mexuTe kabinetSi.
mobrZandiT, ra xania gelodebiT.
Claxuni is kaci sacodavad miClaxunobs,
CoCva fexebi stkiva da Zlivs daCoCavs.
Treva avadmyofobis mere niko fexs
miiTrevs.
77
Sesaxvedrad wasvla
zura TinikosTan Sesaxvedrad
wavida.
xval maka Camodis, vin midis
dasaxvedrad?
Segebeba soflidan papa Camovida da
bavSvebi misagebeblad gaiqcnen.
dro
dro, dadgenil momentTan
mimarTebaSi
Tanadrouloba (dadgenil
momentTan Tanxvedra)
droulad
moswreba Cven ver movaswariT sadiloba.
miswreba Cven ver mivuswariT filmis
dasawyiss.
winswreba (dadgenil
momentTan mimarTebaSi)
winaswar winaswar momzadeba.
CamorCena (dadgenil
momentTan mimarTebaSi)
dagvianeba Cven ukve vigvianebT.
Seyovneba TviTmfrinavis gafrena yovndeba
meteopirobebis gamo.
dagvianeba mas daagviandeba, mis gareSe
daviwyoT.
dagvianebuli iqneba/iyo gafrena dagvianebuli iyo.
dagvianebiT, dayovnebiT matarebeli N 37 Camodgeba
naxevari saaTis dagvianebiT;
adre, ufro adre, gvian Cais daleva adrea. is Cemze ufro
adre movida.
ukve gvian aris, wasvlis droa.
perioduloba, ganmeorebadoba
periodulad
xSirad/arc Tu xSirad/
iSviaTad/arc Tu iSviaTad elene da nino xSirad seirnoben
parkSi, zogjer zooparkSi midian,
arc Tu iSviaTad – cirkSi, kviraSi
samjer – simReris gakveTilze.
Zalian iSviaTad
orjer, bevrjer, ramdenjerme
78
Cveulebriv, yovelTvis,
arasodes
xelmeored, isev, kidev
usasrulod, mudmivad is mudmivad agvianebs.
yoveldRiuri, yovelTviuri,
yovelwliuri,
yoveldRe/saaTs/Tve, . . .
kviraSi/TveSi/weliwadSi
erTxel (orjer) am wamlis miReba aucilebelia
dReSi orjer...
-obiT oTxSabaTobiT (xuTSabaTobiT...).
moqmedebis erTaderToba
erTxel
mxolod erTxel
erTxel
moqmedebis wyvetiloba
ara mudmivad, SesvenebiT sveneb-svenebiT avediT mTis
kenweroze.
moqmedebis uwyvetoba
yovelTvis, mudmivad, uwyvetad,
Sesvenebis gareSe, mTeli drois
ganmavlobaSi, dRe-Ramis
ganmavlobaSi.
droSi SezRuduloba
is cxovrobs/cxovrobda ruseTSi
ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
periodis aRniSvna -iT ori saaTiT, erTi kviriT; Tqven
SegiZliaT am wignis waReba erTi
kviriT.
-is ganmavlobaSi ori saaTis ganmavlobaSi;
erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi;
Cemi bina gaaremontes erTi kviris
ganmavlobaSi.
-sTvis orSabaTisTvis, seqtembrisTvis,
ori saaTisTvis, vaxSmisTvis. me
masTan unda viyo sami saaTisTvis.
-mde + saxeli amis gakeTeba unda movaswro
Semodgomamde (or saaTamde).
ara mudmivad, ara yovelTvis
xarisxi
piris, sagnis fizikuri Tvisebebi
forma, garegnoba
forma sagnis forma.
swori saxis swori nakvTebi.
79
swori xazi; swori Tmebi.
Tanabari, mrude, mrgvali mrgvali saxe.
wre, buSti, rkali, burTi
kuTxe
samkuTxedi, marTkuTxedi samkuTxa, marTkuTxa.
kvadrati, kubi kvadratuli, kuburi.
maxvili, blagvi
nasvreti, xvreli
nivTierebis, sagnis
mdgomareoba
myari, Txevadi mtveri, yinuli, wyali, haeri, airi.
dineba, dasxma Tergi xmauriT moedineba.
damisxi damalevine es Rvino
oxertiali;
gadaRvra onkani gafuWda da wyali
tyuilad iRvreba.
duRili kokasa Sigan raca duRs, igive
gadmodindeba.
sveli, nestiani, teniani, mSrali nestiani amindia.
sisvele, simSrale quCaSi simSralea.
emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi
pativiscemis gamoxatva me Tqven uaRresad did pativs
gcemT.
dafaseba me didad vafaseb Tqvens
naSromebs/Rvawls.
madlierebis gamoxatva
madlobis gadaxda madlobeli var.
uRrmesi madloba.
pirvelyovlisa, minda madloba
mogaxsenoT.
mobodiSeba
bodiSis moxda zogierT adamians ar uyvars
bodiSis moxda.
bodiSs gixdiT dagvianebisTvis.
ukacravad, rom gawuxebT. mapatieT
uneblie SecdomisTvis.
80
kavSirebi da urTierTobani
dapirispireba, Sepirispireba
igiveoba
iseTive, iseve, erTnairi, zusti erTnairad, zustad.
es igivea, rac...
msgavseba, Sedareba
gaWrili vaSliviT hgavs;
ori wveTi wyaliviT gvanan
erTmaneTs.
araerTnairi, aramsgavsi
sxvanairi, gansxvavebuli, sxva es sxva saqmea!
sxvanairad;
sxvagvarad;
daaxloebiT, magaliTad, TiTqmis daaxloebiT rva saaTisTvis
moval.
mas asaki axla ufro etyoba, vidre
fotosuraTze.
dRes is ufro swrafad muSaobs,
vidre guSin.
yvelaze, -u is Cven Soris yvelaze Wkviania. es
uaxlesi modelis kompiuteria.
iseTive ... rogorc; is iseTive maRalia, rogorc misi
Zma, is ar aris iseTi, rogorc misi
Zmaa.
gansxvaveba
es igivea, rac ...
es igive ar aris, rac ...
es buSti xom iseTivea, rogoric
gias aqvs.
sxva momeciT sxva ferisa.
-gan gansxvavebiT Tavisi disgan gansxvavebiT, megi
Wkviania.
mizezobrioba
mizezi
ratom? imitom, rom...
radgan...
-is gamo, rom avadmyofobis gamo; tkivilisgan.
imis gamo, rom
Sedegi
amitom...
ase rom,
aqedan gamomdinare; amrigad.
sababi
saWiroa, aucilebelia
81
-Tvis janmrTelobisTvis aucilebelia
haerze seirnoba.
raTa; imisTvis, raTa saWiroa,
aucilebelia imisTvis, raTa saxli kapitalurad
gadaixuros, saWiroa damatebiTi
Tanxebi.
radgan, ramdenadac
saqme is aris, rom saqme is aris, rom Cveni gio jerac
umuSevaria.
subieqtur-predikaturi
damokidebuleba
moqmedebis subieqti
vin? ra?
saxeli
-s dedas, ZaRls, vanos, mamukas.
raodenobriv-saxelobiTi
SeTavseba ori Zma, sami kosmonavti, xuTi Txa.
Cven TqvenTan varT. isini
bavSvebTan arian. nino qmarTan
aris.
pasiuri konstruqcia cnoba xelmowerilia eqim
mgalobliSvilis mier.
erT-erTi erT-erTi Cvengani;
olimpiadis monawileTagan erT-
erTi.
predikati
man es statia waikiTxa sarkeSi.
amirani – inJineria, me – pedagogi.
yofna, gaxdoma Cemi Svili pediatri gaxdeba.
qona me maqvs aspirini.
vnebiTi dokumentebi xelmowerilia.
obieqturi damokidebuleba
pirdapiri obieqti
visi? risa? wignis kiTxva, kabis kerva, tortis
cxoba; giorgis naxva, nanas
gacnoba.
iribi obieqti
vis? davurekoT Temurs. es Tqven.
mokiTxva mamas da Zmas.
vis unda mivce cnoba?
visTan? saubari vaxtangTan. kamaTi
nanasTan.
ris Sesaxeb?
-is Sesaxeb visaubroT amindis
Sesaxeb.
mogviyevi konferenciis Sesaxeb;
informacia madridSi mimdinare
movlenebis Sesaxeb.
82
2.3 Tematuri leqsika
qarTuli enis SemswavlelTaTvis aqtualuri komunikaciuri amocanebis
gadasaWrelad Tematur leqsikaSi warmodgenilia iseTi leqsikuri
erTeulebi, romlebic aucilebelia yoveldRiuri da profesiuli
urTierTobisaTvis elementarulidan zRvrul ganviTarebul donemde.
Tematuri leqsika amgvaradaa dajgufebuli:
- pirovnebis identifikacia
- sacxovrebeli adgili
- yoveldRiuri cxovreba
- Tavisufali dro, garToba, sporti
- transporti, mgzavroba, mogzauroba
- gzis povna
- amindi
- janmrTeloba
- ganaTleba
- sayidlebi
- sursaT-sanovage
- momsaxureba
- ucxouri enebis floba
- sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi
- saqmiani gamgzavreba saqarTveloSi
- bankebi
- saqmiani informaciis moZieba
- sazogadoebis ekonomikuri cxovreba
- pirveli saqmiani kontaqtebi
- kompaniis, firmis stumroba
- kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia
- molaparakebebi
- saqmiani qaRaldebi.
83
Tematuri leqsikis katalogi
A1 – gasaRebi
pirovnebis identifikacia
saxeli
saxeli nika, sruli saxeli nikolozi.
me mqvia giorgi.
gvari dawereT gvari.
ra gvaris brZandebiT?
mamis saxeli Tqveni mamis saxeli?
inicialebi a.g. dadiani.
qalbatoni (q-ni) qalbatoni mariami.
batoni (b-ni) batoni oTari.
mimarTva batonebo da qalbatonebo!
misamarTi
cxovreba me vcxovrob baTumSi.
misamarTi misamarTis micema; saxlis
misamarTi.
quCa
Sesaxvevi
moedani
gamziri
gzatkecili
xidi
parki
yoveldRiuroba
saxli
adgoma adre/gvian adgoma.
gaRviZeba bavSvma gaiRviZa.
dabana
miReba Sxapis/abazanis miReba.
Cacma Tbilad/msubuqad Cacma.
gaxda mobrZandiT, gaixadeT palto.
Wama mobrZandiT, miirTviT.
sauzmoba, sadiloba, vaxSmoba modiT, visauzmoT/visadiloT/
vivaxSmoT.
sauzme ra gaqvT sauzmed?
sadili sadilad gvaqvs bozbaSi.
84
vaxSami vaxSmad ras inebebT?
momzadeba sauzmis/sadilis/vaxSmis
momzadeba.
saqmianoba ras saqmianob?
dakavebuli dakavebuli xar?
wasvla maRaziaSi produqtebisTvis
wasvla.
wola, dawola loginSi wola;
dasaZineblad dawola;
ZiZa ZiZam bavSvi daawvina da unda
daaZinos.
samuSao
muSaoba vmuSaob dReSi 8 saaTs.
samuSao samuSao dRe, samuSao dro.
samsaxuri samsaxurSi siaruli,samsaxuris
Sovna;
sasadilo Cven samsaxurSi kargi sasadilo
gvaqvs.
Tavisufali dro
Tavisufali dro
cota Tavisufali dro;
ardadegebi saSobao ardadegebi;
dResaswauli CvenSi aRdgoma udidesi
dResaswaulia;
dasveneba rogor daisvene? Cveulebriv, sad
isveneb xolme?
transporti
sazogadoebrivi transporti
qalaqis transporti
avtobusi
troleibusi
tramvai
metro
taqsi
saqalaqTaSoriso transporti
TviTmfrinavi
vertmfreni
matarebeli
gemi, navi
85
amindi
mziani
wvimiani
kargi amindi
cudi amindi dRes susxiani amindia.
Tovli Tovs/Tovli modis.
wvima wvims/wvima modis.
sxeulis nawilebi
Tavi saxelis gatexas Tavis gatexa sjobia.
Tvali Tvali TvalSi gauyara.
cxviri sxvis saqmeSi cxviris Cayofa.
piri
nikapi
tuCebi
kbilebi kbilebs nu aRrWialeb.
loya loyawiTeli/loyebRaJRaJa.
safeTqeli
yuri yurad ar iRo.
kiseri
yeli gediviT yeli.
mxari mxarSi amodgoma.
xeli xeli xels bans, orive erTad pirso.
xelis mtevani
xelis guli
idayvi
fexi fexebis bakuni.
barZayi
muxli
wvivi
qusli aqilevsis qusli.
terfi
TiTi iseTi sibnelea, TvalTan TiTs ver
miitan.
gul-mkerdi broliviT gul-mkerdi.
muceli Rormuceloba.
zurgi
86
ganaTleba
swavla
gakveTili
maswavlebeli
moswavle
skola
instituti
niSani kargi/cudi niSani.
fanqari niSnis miReba/dawera.
kalmistari
rveuli
qaRaldi
wigni
saxelmZRvanelo
sayidlebi
maRazia
gamyidveli
fasi
bazari
bostneuli kombosto, stafilo, Warxali,
badrijani, yvavilovani kombosto...
xili vaSli, msxali, atami, alubali, bali,
Sindi, qliavi, marwyvi...
tansacmeli
fexsacmeli
ojaxSi saxmari nivTebi
TefSi
finjani
dana
Cangali
Wiqa
kovzi
Caidani
saWmeli, sasmeli
sacivi
baJe
Romi
xaWapuri
mWadi
gozinayi gozinayi axali wlis tradiciuli
tkbileulia.
87
indauri Semwvari indauri komSiT.
laRiZis wyali
limonaTi
mineraluri wyali
momsaxureba
fosta
werili
werilis gagzavna
konverti
marka
Ria baraTi me vici misaloci baraTis gagzavna.
adamianebs Soris urTierToba
urTierTobis ti pebi
naTesavi
nacnobi
megobari
mezobeli
axlobeli
cnoba me mas vicnob.
urTierToba kargi/cudi/normaluri
urTierToba.
stumari
A2 – safuZveli
pirovnebis identifikaciasaxeli, gvari nata andronikaSvili.
xelmowera
misamarTi
saxeli
nomeri ¹ 91.
korpusi
sadarbazo
kodi Tqven gaqvT kodi sadarbazoSi?
88
indeqsi safosto indeqsi; Tbilisis
ubnebs sxvadasxva indeqsi aqvT.
sofeli
qveyana
telefonis nomeri
telefoni samsaxuris/binis telefonis
nomeri;
mobiluris telefonis
nomeri;
telefonis nomris micema/Cawera;
rekva/darekva sainformacio cnobari 09 gismenT;
mesiji (Setyobineba) mesijis gagzavna.
dabadebis adgili da
TariRi
dabadeba me davibade TbilisSi 1969 wels.
dabadebis dRe, Tve da ricxvi
dabadebis TariRi 13. 12. 2002.
dabadebis adgili foTi.
asaki
mozardi, qaliSvilobis asaki,
xnieri nugzari Suaxnis kacia.
sqesi
mamrobiTi (mamr)
mdedrobiTi (mdedr)
mamakaci
qali
biWi
gogona
vaJi
qaliSvili
sacxovrebeli, garemo
Senoba
oTaxi oTaxebia: saZinebeli, sastumro,
sasadilo, sabavSvo, kabineti.
sakuTari saxli
korpusi
samzareulo
tualeti
saabazano
89
kar-fanjara
aivani
derefani
sarTuli
kibe
lifti
gadis/gamodis fanjrebi gadis ezoSi/gamodis
quCaSi.
garaJi (avtofarexi)
aveji sawoli, skami, magida, karada,
savarZeli, divani.
logini
sabani
baliSi
TeTreuli zewari, baliSispiri, sabnis piri.
leibi
samsaxuri
ufrosi
kolega
SromiTi mowyobis biuro
saWiroa, esaWiroeba firmas esaWiroeba mdivan-
referenti;
ganyofileba firmis/dawesebulebis
ganyofileba.
kadrebis ganyofileba
kontraqti kontraqtis gaformeba;
kontraqtiT muSaoba;
movaleoba amis gakeTeba Sedis mis
movaleobaSi.
saSvi samsaxuris saSvi;
Sesveneba Sesveneba sadilisTvis;
Svebuleba Svebulebis aReba; SvebulebaSi
gasvla;
gamosasvleli (dRe) mas ori gamosasvleli dRe aqvs –
SabaTi da kvira.
xelfasi
xelfasi
xelfasis aReba; xelfasma
moimata/daiklo;
maRali/dabali xelfasi;
gamomuSaveba mas maRali/dabali gamomuSaveba
aqvs;
gadasaxadi gadasaxadebis gadaxda;
pensia pensiis miReba; pensiaze gasvla.
90
Tavisufali dro
sayvareli saqmianoba, garToba
hobi hobia: Segroveba, qsova, qargva,
seirnoba, fotografireba, kerva,
Tevzaoba, xatva...
interesebis sferoa: ferwera,
literatura, kino, arqiteqtura...
transporti, mogzauroba
sarkinigzo transporti
sadguri/rkinigzis sadguri
matarebeli Sors mimavali matarebeli;
sabargo matarebeli; samgzavro
matarebeli.
elmavali
vagoni kupirebuli/saZinebeli vagoni;
kupe oradgiliani/oTxadgiliani kupe;
adgili kenti/luwi adgili;
zeda/qveda adgili.
mogzauroba
mogzauri
mogzauroba
turisti
eqskursia
daTvaliereba ucxoel turistTa jgufi guSin
eqskursiaze iyo dasavleT
saqarTveloSi. maT daaTvalieres
bagratis taZari, gelaTi.
amindi
mze mziani amindi.
Rrubeli Rrubliani amindi;
yinva yinavs/yinvaa;
qari qariani amindia/qari qris.
Crdili
91
janmrTeloba
adamianis Sinagani organoebi
guli, tvini, saylapavi, kuWi,
RviZli, naRvlis buSti, elenTa,
filtvebi, nawlavebi...
Tavi Tavis tkivili. rogor grZnob
Tavs?
Tavi amtkivda;
tkivili kbili mtkiva.
gacieba gavcivdi – surdo maqvs da
maciebs/mamcivnebs;
temperatura sicxe maqvs;
wamali wamali miiReT?/dalieT?
ganaTleba
swavla institutSi/kolejSi/kursebze/
universitetSi;
swavleba swavlebis Rirebuleba;
gakveTili gakveTilis Catareba/mosmena;
leqcia leqciis Catareba/mosmena;
mecadineoba jgufuri/individualuri
mecadineoba;
gamocda gamocdis Cabareba;
CaTvla CaTvlis miReba.
sayidlebi
fasi/Rirebuleba
daxarjva
gadaxda
fuli
xurda
yidva
gayidva
ganvadeba macivari viyide ganvadebiT.
salaro
molare molare bankSi wavida da salaro
daketilia.
92
saWmeli, sasmeli
Romi
elarji Romi da elarji megruli
kerZebia.
aCma karg aCmas aWaraSi acxoben.
nigvziani fxali nigvziani fxali dasavleT
saqarTveloSi ician.
Canaxi
kecze Semwvari varia
tyemali
pomidvris sawebeli/tomati
mwvadi
xaSlama xaSlama kaxuri saWmelia.
Silaflavi
Tevzi cocxali/mtkvarSi cocxal Tevzs
veravin gamolevs;
soko Semwvari soko;
yveli sulguni, gudis yveli;
sunelebi sadils Zalian uxdeba suneli.
ajika
kompoti
nabeRlavi
borjomi
momsaxureba
telefoni
darekva
akrefva akrifeT jer kodi, Semdeg nomeri.
muSaobs/ar muSaobs ar ismis, Tu SeiZleba Tavidan
darekeT.
policia
policieli
policiis ganyofileba
patruli
qurdoba gancxadeba binis gaqurdvis
Sesaxeb.
Civili Civili mezobelTan Cxubis gamo.
93
cnobaTa samsaxurebi
satelefono cnobari
informacia
telefonis nomeri policiis/saxanZros/saswrafo
daxmarebis...
cnobaTa biuro
sainformacio biuleteni
adamianebs Soris urTierToba
stumrebi, miwvevebi
miwveva/mowveva mowvevis dawera/gagzavna/
miReba;
stumrad miwveva;
molaparakeba Cven movilaparakeT, rom xval 7
saaTze giorgis vewvioT;
aRniSvna/zeimoba gia dabadebis dRes aRniSnavs/
zeimobs.
94
B1 − zRvruli done
pirovnebis identifikacia
ojaxuri mdgomareoba
coliani/ucolo is coliania. is ucoloa.
gaTxovili/gasaTxovari/
gauTxovari/martoxela/qvrivi is gaTxovilia. is ornaqmarevia. is
gasaTxovaria.
erovneba
erovnebebia: ingliseli, frangi,
rusi, qarTveli, germaneli.
ucxoeli Cans, es kaci ucxoelia.
ucxouri ucxouri ena/pasporti.
mudmivi sacxovrebeli
adgili (qveyana)
Camosvla saidan brZandebiT?
saidan CamoxvediT?
qveyana me safrangeTidan var.
me safrangeTidan Camovedi.
profesia
profesia profesiebia: maswavlebeli, eqimi,
msaxiobi, inJineri, Tarjimani,
gamyidveli, parikmaxeri/stilisti.
specialoba
muSa
glexi
studenti
pensioneri
diasaxlisi
umuSevari
samuSao adgili samuSao adgilia: qarxana, firma,
instituti, banki.
muSaoba
direqtori
mdivani
ufrosi
menejeri
saxelmwifo struqtura saxelmwifo dawesebuleba.
ojaxi
mSoblebi
mama
deda
95
bavSvi, bavSvebi
Zma
da
coli
qmari
ojaxis wevrebi, naTesavebi ojaxis wevrebi arian coli, qmari,
qaliSvili, vaJiSvili, bebia, papa,
SviliSvili.
naTesavebi arian biZa, deida, mamida,
bicola, biZaSvili, mamidaSvili,
deidaSvili, ZmisSvili, disSvili...
aRmsarebloba
religia
RmerTi
eSmaki
rwmena
eklesia
wirva
kaTolikos-patriarqi
mRvdeli
moZRvari
monazoni
beri
mnaTe
diakvani
meufe
xasiaTi
rogori xasiaTi aqvs
giorgis?
mxiaruli/mZime/rTuli xasiaTi.
mSvidi
kargi
cudi
sasiamovno/arasasiamovno
keTili
boroti
zarmaci
gawonasworebuli/
gauwonasworebeli
garegnoba
gamoiyureba rogor gamoiyureba?
is mSvenivrad gamoiyureba.
simaRle ram simaRlea?
maRalia/ar aris maRali maRalia.
96
msuqani
gamxdari
simpatiuri/usimpatio
lamazi/uSno/ulamazo
sacxovrebeli, garemo
sacxovreblis ti pebi, arenda
saxli mravalsarTuliani saxli/korpusi.
bina erT-/or-/samoTaxiani bina.
bina avejiT/avejis gareSe/aivniT/
aivnis gareSe.
oTaxi
agaraki
yidva Cven gvinda patara binis yidva
qalaqis centrSi.
daqiraveba
gaqiraveba
gayidva binebis gayidva.
yidva
Sesyidva
arenda
saxlis patroni
gancxadeba gancxadebis naxva;
gancxadeba gazeTSi binis
gaqiravebis Taobaze;
naxva, daTvaliereba rodis SeiZleba binis
daTvaliereba?
survili ras isurvebdiT? rogor binas
isurvebdiT?
binis gadasaxadi (qira)
qira, gadasaxadi wylis gadasaxadi Sedis binis
saerTo RirebulebaSi.
gadasaxadis aReba/miReba/gadaxda;
dagvianeba gadasaxadis dagvianeba;
gadaxda gadaxda binis qiris/TveSi
erTxel/winaswar/calke.
SeTanxmeba, xelSekruleba xelSekrulebis gaformeba.
vada arendis vada damTavrda.
winaswar winaswar gadaxda.
keTilmowyoba
eleqtroba (sinaTle) bina keTilmowyobilia.
telefoni bina telefoniT.
wyali cxeli/civi wyali;
97
gazi gazis gadasaxadi;
eleqtroba eleqtroqura, eleqtromricxveli;
nagavi nagvis gatana;
dacva sadarbazoSi aris dacvis jixuri;
signalizacia signalizaciis CarTva; bina
signalizaciiT.
mowyobiloba, binis movlis
saSualebani
Sxapi
onkani
televizori
radio
sarecxi manqana
mtversasruti
macivari
qura gazqura.
uTo
dalageba oTaxis dalageba;
recxva, garecxva, morecxva WurWlis garecxva, iatakis
morecxva;
(ar) muSaoba sarecxi manqana ar muSaobs.
gatexva uTo gagvityda;
CarTva macivris CarTva;
gamorTva Caidnis gamorTva;
remonti remontis gakeTeba; molaparakeba
remontis Taobaze.
garemo
raioni ekologiurad sufTa/mwvane raioni;
adgili sasiamovno/mSvidi/xmauriani
adgili;
ezo Cven kargi ezo gvaqvs;
dedaqalaqi londoni, madridi, lisaboni
dedaqalaqebia.
qalaqgareT
veli, mindori
tye
mTa mTaSi isev Tovlia.
tba
mdinare
zRva saxli zRvaze.
napiri, sanapiro Cveni agaraki mdinaris piras aris.
plaJi
wyali wylis temperatura.
98
flora da fauna
frinveli arwivi, mercxali, bulbuli, kaWkaWi,
beRura, kodala, TuTiyuSi...
mweri Wiamaia, buzi, pepela, koRo...
xe muxa, Wadari, naZvi, fiWvi, tirifi...
yvavili ia, vardi, tita, gvirila, SroSani...
buCqi bza, mocxari...
cxoveli Sinauri: ZaRli, kata, cxeni, Zroxa...
gareuli: lomi, vefxvi, zebra...
yoveldRiuroba
swavla
samomavlo gegmebi
gaxdoma (gamova) kursebis gavlis Semdeg is mZRoli
gaxdeba.
me eqimi gamoval.
yofna me maswavlebeli viqnebi.
swavla is universitetSi swavlobs.
me jer isev skolaSi vswavlob.
Tavisufali dro, garToba, sporti
sayvareli saqmianoba,
garToba
gataceba mitacebs mTasvleloba.
mecadineoba, axali saqmianobis
dawyeba.
daintereseba mainteresebs xelovneba.
SarSan dainteresebuli viyavi/
mainteresebda Wadraki.
radio, televizia
radio radios mosmena.
televizia (tv) saqarTvelos/adgilobrivi
televizia.
televizori televizoris yureba.
ra gadis televizorSi?
satelevizio satelevizio filmi;
programa satelevizio programa; radios
kviris programa;
gadacema satelevizio/radio gadacema;
telegadacemebia: qronika, axali
ambebi, mxatvruli/dokumenturi
99
filmi, musikalur-gasarTobi
programa.
magnitofoni
videomagnitofoni
fleieri
videofleieri
kaseta
kompaqt-diski
firfita
dadeba, Cadeba firfitis dadeba/diskis Cadeba
dasakravad.
simRera mas kargi Canawerebi aqvs.
musika musikaluri Janria: klasikuri/
xalxuri/Tanamedrove musika, roki,
jazi.
popularuli popularuli momRerali.
kino, Teatri, koncerti
dasvenebisa da garTobis
adgilebia: kinoTeatri, cirki,
Teatri, sakoncerto darbazi,
konservatoria, diskoTeka, (Ramis)
klubi, samorine.
warmodgena: bileTi, koncerti,
opera, speqtakli.
SemoqmedebiTi profesiebia:
msaxiobi, reJisori, momRerali.
musikaluri instrumentebia:
pianino, gitara, violino, fleita.
filmi sabavSvo filmi, multfilmi.
kino kinoSi wasvla.
TamaSi dRes vin TamaSobs mefe lirs?
dakvra me vukrav gitaraze.
mRera/simRera ekas uyvars cekva-simRera.
cekva
bileTi bileTis SekveTa/yidva;
bileTi koncertze/kinoSi
Sesasvlelad; zedmeti bileTi;
bileTi SabaTisTvis;
salaro bileTis winaswari gayidvis
salaro;
SekveTa SeiZleba SegikveToT ori bileTi
xvalindel speqtaklze?
winaswar umjobesia bileTebis winaswar
yidva.
warmodgena dRis/saRamos warmodgena;
seansi gaqvT bileTebi momdevno seansze?
100
dila/saRamo ori bileTi dilis/saRamos
seansze;
adgili moxerxebuli (mouxerxebeli)
adgilia.
rigi
parteri
amfiTeatri Tqveni bileTebi loJaSia.
Sesasvleli
gasasvleli
saTadarigo gasasvleli
garderobi
tualeti qalTa/mamakacTa tualeti;
programa programis gayidva/yidva.
antraqti
afiSa
administratori
naxva, yureba modi, vnaxoT es filmi.
naxva ginaxavs es speqtakli?
gamosvla gamodian cirkis msaxiobebi.
msurvelebi giwvevT yvela msurvels.
gamofenebi, muzeumebi
muzeumi istoriuli/literaturuli/
xelovnebis muzeumi – kar-midamo;
muzeumi – bina.
galerea samxatvro galerea.
gamofena
xelovneba saxviTi xelovneba.
ferwera
qandakeba im parkSi Zalian saintereso
qandakebebia.
suraTi es naxati originaluria.
stili arqiteqturuli stili.
Tanamedrove
Zveleburi
cnobili
mxatvari
moqandake
arqiteqtori
wakiTxva
kiTxva, wakiTxva
wigni wignis saxli.
wignebis maRazia
Jurnali literaturuli Janrebia:
romani, moTxroba, leqsi.
mwerali qarTveli/frangi gamoCenili/didi/
saintereso mwerali.
101
poeti
biblioTeka biblioTekaSi Cawera.
sporti
sporti sportiT dakaveba, romel sports
misdev?
sportis saxeobebia: fexburTi,
hokei, CogburTi, frenburTi,
kalaTburTi, Wadraki, cigurebi,
Txilamurebi, curva...
sportuli nagebobebia: stadioni,
sportuli darbazi, sportuli
moedani, auzi, fexburTis moedani.
sportsmeni
sirbili Tqven darbixarT dilaobiT?
TamaSoba/TamaSi kalaTburTis TamaSi; romel
klubSi TamaSobda sxiereli?
TamaSi fexburTis TamaSi 18 sT-ze iwyeba.
mogeba/gamarjveba vin igebs? dinamom gaimarjva.
wageba/damarcxeba lokomotivma waago. dinamom
daamarcxa lokomotivi.
naxva/yureba fexburTis yureba televizorSi...
angariSi ra angariSia?
fre TamaSi fred damTavrda.
goli golis gatana;
gundi sportuli klubi;
klubi me barselonas vgulSematkivrob.
gulSematkivroba Tiko milanis interis
gulSematkivaria.
presa
gazeTi axali/dRevandeli/yoveldRiuri/
saRamos gazeTi;
Jurnali specialuri Jurnali;
nomeri ukanaskneli nomeri;
gamosvla Tbiliselebis meoTxe nomeri ukve
gamovida?
gamowera Jurnal-gazeTebis gamowera.
statia
fotografia fotografia gazeTSi;
reklama reklamis ganTavseba/wakiTxva;
gancxadeba gancxadebis ganTavseba/wakiTxva.
gverdi
Jurnalisti popularuli Jurnalisti.
korespondenti
102
transporti, mgzavroba, mogzauroba
sazogadoebrivi transporti
transporti nebismieri transportiT
mgzavroba;
mgzavroba erTi mgzavrobis taloni.
transsaagento
cnobaTa biuro
cnobari
gancxadeba gancxadebis SekveTa/wakiTxva/
mosmena. gancxadeba radioTi/
sadgurze.
napovni nivTebis biuro
Semnaxveli kamera bargis Senaxva Semnaxvel
kameraSi;
bargi bargis Cabareba/miReba/dakargva;
nivTebi es Tqveni nivTebia?
Casxdoma Casxdomis gamocxadeba/damTavreba.
gaCereba avtobusis/troleibusis gaCereba;
am matarebels mcxeTamde gaCereba
ara aqvs.
Semdegi gaCereba;
gaCereba matarebeli avWalaSi ar Cerdeba.
gadajdoma sxva matarebelSi gadajdoma
iqneba saWiro.
gadajdoma, gadasxdoma sxva avtobusSi gadavsxediT.
Sexvedra SevxvdiT jgufs/megobars;
gacileba gaacila megobari/deda.
qalaqis transporti
taqsi taqsis ayvana.
samarSruto taqsi
sadguri metros sadguri;
xazi wriuli xazi;
sadgomi taqsis sadgomi, fasiani sadgomi.
Sesasvleli
gamosasvleli
Camosvla, Casvla CadixarT? CabrZandebiT? Tu
SeiZleba gamatareT, Cavdivar.
gadasasvleli miwisqveSa gadasasvleli,
gadasasvleli meore xazze;
gadasvla quCaze gadasvla;
mgzavroba mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxda;
bileTi avtobusis samgzavro bileTi;
taloni talonis gaxvreta/dakombostireba;
Jetoni metros Jetoni.
magnituri baraTi
mZRoli
jarima
103
saqalaqTaSoriso transporti
sahaero transporti
TviTmfrinavi
aeroporti
frena saiT mifrinavT?
mofrena mofrenis darbazi;
gafrena gafrenis (an gasafreni) darbazi;
dajdoma, dajda TviTmfrinavi romidan ukve
dajda?/Camofrinda?
registracia registracia reisze;
reisi reisis nomeri;
gasasvleli gasasvleli ¹ 8;
mxare marjvena/marcxena mxare;
saloni saloni mwevelebisaTvis/
aramwevelebisaTvis;
klasi biznes/ekonomiuri/pirveli klasi;
pirdapiri es pirdapiri reisia?
stiuardesa
sarkinigzo transporti
sadguri/vagzali kievis vagzali.
matarebeli matarebeli ¹ 67 baTumi –
Tbilisi Camodgeba pirvel
liandagze.
samgzavro/Cqari/sagareubno
matarebeli.
liandagi
baqani
samdinaro/sazRvao transporti
samdinaro vagzali
gemi/Tbomavali
kaiuta
porti sazRvao porti.
navsadguri samdinaro navsadguri;
bileTebis yidva/SekveTa matareblis/TviTmfrinavis bileTi.
bileTi
wasasvlel-dasabrunebeli
bileTi
bileTi fasdaklebiT;
(bileTebis) SekveTebis biuro
fasdakleba studentebisaTvis fasdakleba
20%-ia.
gayidva gayidva larebSi/valutaze;
gayidva gamgzavrebamde 30 dRiT
adre.
104
gamgzavreba gamgzavrebis dRe;
dajavSna bileTis/adgilis dajavSna;
SekveTa, SekveTis micema SeiZleba bileTis SekveTa
telefoniT?
gadatana SekveTis gadatana 8 ivnisisTvis/
9 oqtombrisTvis.
Cabareba bileTis Cabareba;
ricxvi ra ricxvisTvis gnebavT bileTi?
ganrigi moZraobis ganrigi;
cvlilebebi ganrigSi.
yoveldRe
kenti kent ricxvebSi;
luwi luw ricxvebSi;
gamosasvleli gamosasvlel dReebSi.
samuSao dRe
dayovneba matareblis gasvla/TviTmfrinavis
gafrena yovndeba;
gauqmeba, uqmdeba matarebeli ¹ 20 gauqmebulia.
drouli, droulad gadis/Camodis/Camofrena
droulad;
dagvianeba, igvianebs matarebelze/TviTmfrinavze
dagvianeba.
gasvla
Camosvla, Camodgoma
Camosvla
piradi transporti
manqana, avtomobili
motocikleti
velosipedi
tareba, wayvana manqanis tareba.
marTvis mowmoba (nebarTva)
nomeri manqanis nomrebis aReba/
daregistrireba.
gaqiraveba manqanis gaqiraveba;
daqiraveba manqanis qiriT gamoyvana
(daqiraveba).
dazRvevis polisi
dazRveva manqana dazRveulia.
sagzao moZraoba
moZraoba calmxrivi/ormxrivi moZraoba;
gza mTavari/wriuli gza.
manZili
trotuari
gzajvaredini
mwkrivi marjvena/marcxena mwkrivi,
105
mZRolebo, iareT marjvena
mwkrivSi.
SuqniSani wiTeli/yviTeli/mwvane Suqi.
Suqi
gasvla wiTel Suqze
misaxvevi
mosaxvevi
Semovla Semovla wriuli gziT.
dgoma dgoma akrZalulia;
sadgomi fasiani/ufaso/sadReRamiso
sadgomi.
sagzao avtoinspeqcia
wesebi sagzao moZraobis wesebi,
wesebis darRveva;
jarima jarimis gadaxda.
dajarimeba
usafrTxoebis qamari/Rvedi
akrZalva gaCereba/SeCereba/moZraoba
akrZalulia;
CamorTmeva marTvis mowmobis CamorTmeva;
avaria avariaSi moxvedra.
sagzao niSani/maniSnebeli
warwerebi sagzao niSnebze:
Semovla, gasvla/gaCereba/ SeCereba/
moZraoba akrZalulia...
gzis abneva/dabneva
mogzauroba
mogzauri
svlagezi svlagezi dasavleT saqarTveloSi;
eqskursia eqskursiaze wasvla/gamgzavreba;
laSqroba laSqrobaSi wasvla.
turisti
turistuli turistuli saagento/biuro.
eqskursiamZRoli/gidi
jgufi
naxva, daTvaliereba aq risi naxva SeiZleba?
RirsSesaniSnaobaTa daTvaliereba.
RirsSesaniSnaobani: eklesia,
taZari, monasteri, muzeumi, sasaxle,
saxl-muzeumi, Zegli.
sazRvari sazRvargareT.
dasasvenebeli saxli
sagzuri saojaxo sagzuri; sagzuri or
kacze.
sagzuri fasdaklebiT
samxreTi samxreTSi gamgzavreba/dasveneba.
106
kontinentebia: avstralia, azia,
amerika, afrika, evropa.
sastumro
sastumro, hoteli konferencia xuTvarskvlavian
sastumroSi Catarda.
moteli (sastumro samanqano
gzasTan)
kempingi
saerTo sacxovrebeli
cxovreba
gaCereba gavCerdeT erTi kviriT/erTi
RamiT;
Ramis gaTeva Rame sastumroSi gavaTioT.
registrireba
daregistrireba
nomeri oradgiliani/oTxadgiliani
nomeri;
keTilmowyoba keTilmowyobili nomeri or kacze.
kveba orjeradi/samjeradi kveba.
dRe-Rame
mawyobs/ar mawyobs am pirobebiT dasveneba ar
mawyobs.
SekveTa vaxSmis SekveTa nomerSi.
administratori
morige gasaRebi morigesTan aris;
gasaRebi gasaRebis aReba/datoveba/Cabareba.
gaRviZeba
fosta fosta rodis moaqvT?
gadacema CemTvis araferi (ar) gadmouciaT?
Canaweri, werili Canaweris gakeTeba; werilis
datoveba.
xanZari xanZris SemTxvevaSi...
cecxlmqrobi (ar) muSaobs;
telefoni/lifti/gaTboba ar
muSaobs;
gatexva/gafuWeba televizori gafuWda;
pirsabanis niJara gatyda;
Secvla naTuris/pirsaxocis Secvla;
angariSi angariSis gasworeba;
angariSis motana mogvitaneT angariSi.
qviTari qviTaris gamowera.
bargi
adgili, naWeri ramdeni naWrisagan/risgan Sedgeba
Tqveni bargi?
nivTi
107
portfeli
Cemodani
CanTa
fotoaparati
kinokamera
mebarguli
SefuTva
qveyanaSi Sesvla, qveynidan gasvla
sazRvari
sabaJo
mebaJe
gasvla
gatana
Semotana
waReba ra migaqvT?
deklaracia
gaxsna/gaReba gaxseniT, Tu SeiZleba, Tqveni
Cemodani;
nebarTva nebarTvis aReba;
nebarTva suraTebis/wignebis
gatanaze;
akrZalva am nivTebis gatana akrZalulia!
baJi baJis gadaxda;
ubaJo es nivTi ubaJod gatanas
eqvemdebareba;
Zvirfasi Zvirfasi nivTebi.
fuli
valuta Tqven ra valuta gaqvT?
gadacvla fulis gadacvla;
Cabareba Cemodnis Cabareba bagaJSi;
viza vizis gagrZeleba.
xelbargi
registrireba, daregistrireba
vizebisa da registraciis
ganyofileba
gancxadeba gancxadebis dawera/gancxadebaze
xelis mowera;
jarima jarimis gadaxda;
qviTari qviTris miReba.
sabuTebi
sabuTi
pasporti
samedicino dazRveva
cnoba cnobis miReba;
beWedi beWdis dasma.
108
gzis povna
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT ikiTxon, Tu rogor mividnen romelime
adgilas, gamoarkvion marSrutis optimaluri varianti da amasTanave unda
SeeZloT msgavsi ganmartebebis sxvebisaTvis micema.
ruka Tbilisis ruka;
sqema metros sqema/transportis
moZraobis sqema;
gegma centris gegma;
marSruti cvlileba marSrutSi;
ukeTesia ukeTesia taqsiT wasvla.
ufro swrafad
ufro moxerxebulia riTi iqneba ufro moxerxebuli
vazisubnamde misvla?
amindi
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT gaigon amindis prognozi, gacvalon
informacia da azrebi klimatisa da amindis pirobebis Sesaxeb
hava civi/Tbili hava;
amindi kargi/cudi amindi;
prognozi amindis prognozi.
mze
mziani mziani/umzeo amindi;
moRrubluli Rrubliani amindi/uRrublo ca;
naleqebi unaleqo amindi;
wvima Zlieri/mcire wvima;
Tovli Tovs/wvims;
burusi/nisli sqeli nisli;
yinva quCebi mTlad moiyina;
qari Zlieri qari qris.
Weqa-quxili
temperatura ramdeni gradusi iqneba xval?
(atmosferuli) wneva maRali/dabali.
wneva izrdeba/mcirdeba
Crdili CrdilSi 22 gradusia;
haeri sufTa/nestiani/mSrali haeri.
109
janmrTeloba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saubari sakuTar fizikur mdgomareobaze
(SimSili, daRliloba da a.S.), pirad higienasa da piradi higienis sagnebze;
janmrTelobaze, daavadebebze (kerZod, eqimTan aRweron Tu ras uCivian);
unda SeeZloT sxvisi informireba ubeduri SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, saswrafo
daxmarebis gamoZaxeba, samedicino dawesebulebebiT sargebloba; am
sakiTxebis irgvliv azrebisa da informaciis gacvla.
guneba/qeifi
rogor grZnobT Tavs? rogor
gunebaze xar? Tavs moxerxebulad/
komfortulad/kargad vgrZnob/
Tbilad var/mciva/kargad/var/cudad/
uqeifod var.
survili mSia/meZineba/ mwyuria/mosveneba
minda.
daRla
tkivili
piradi higiena
sufTa
WuWyiani
jagrisi
kbilis pasta
savarcxeli
samarTebeli
saponi
sarecxi fxvnili
dabana sad SeiZleba xelebis dabana?
saparikmaxero/saloni
SeWra Tmis SeWras vapireb silamazis
salon merlinSi.
daavadebebi, ubeduri
SemTxvevebi
janmrTeloba
daavadeba daavadebebi: gripi, Sidsi.
avad gaxdoma niko guliT avadmyofia;
gizo ciroziT daavadda.
tkivili Tavis/kbilis tkivilis
wamali/tkivili muclis areSi;
temperatura maRali/normaluri/dabali
temperatura.
mas sicxe aqvs.
tkivili aq gtkivaT?
Tavbrus xveva Tavbru mexveva;
110
mada kargi/cudi mada;
madis dakargva;
ubeduri SemTxveva moxda ubeduri SemTxveva.
davardna
mirtyma
motexva fexis motexva.
damwvrobis miReba
damwvroba es meore xarisxis damwvrobaa.
gaWra TiTis gaWra;
dieta dietaze yofna.
samedicino momsaxureba
poliklinika
saavadmyofo
eqimi saavadmyofoSi dawola; eqimTan
wasvla;
eqimi specialistebi: stomatologi,
Terapevti, qirurgi, okulisti.
medda/eqTani
saswrafo daxmareba saswrafo daxmarebis gamoZaxeba;
gamoZaxeba eqimis saxlSi gamoZaxeba;
palata
monaxuleba avadmyofis monaxuleba 17-dan 20
saaTamde.
registratura
samedicino baraTi
Cawera qirurgTan miRebaze Cawera;
qirurgi CaweriT iRebs.
miReba Terapevti avadmyofebs
xuTSabaTobiT iRebs;
dReSi samjer miiReT wamali;
miReba miReba damTavrebulia;
operacia operaciis gakeTeba;
wamali wamlis gamowera/daleva/miReba;
xvelis wamali.
abi
nemsi/ineqcia nemsis gakeTeba;
analizi analizis Cabareba/miReba;
recepti receptis gamowera;
saTvale saTvalis tareba.
samedicino dazRveva
dazRveva samedicino dazRvevis tarifi;
ubeduri SemTxvevisgan/
avadmyofobisgan dazRveva;
samedicino dazRveva, dazRvevis
miReba; dazRveviT sargebloba;
sadazRvevo sadazRvevo polisi;
sadazRvevo kompania.
111
ganaTleba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saubari TavianTi ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis
Sesaxeb; maTTvis saintereso saswavlo dawesebulebebSi CabarebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisa (magaliTad, enis kursebze) da swavlebis
organizebisa da RirebulebasTan dakavSirebuli pirobebis garkveva.
amasTanave unda SeeZloT azrebis gacvla-gamocvla ganaTlebasTan
dakavSirebiT.
ganaTleba
dawyebiTi/saSualo/specializebuli/
umaRlesi/saxelmwifo/kerZo
ganaTleba; ganaTlebis micema/
miReba;
Seswavla universitetSi romeli ena
SeiswavleT?
maswavlebelTan erTad mecadineoba;
mecadineoba individualuri mecadineoba;
damatebiTi mecadineoba;
gakveTili gakveTilebis Catareba/mosmena;
kerZo gakveTilebi;
gakveTilis fasi/Rirebuleba.
kursebi rusuli enis kursebi;
kursebze Cawera;
kursebze swavla;
kursebis damTavreba.
maswavlebeli
studenti
Semswavleli/moswavle
skola
instituti institutSi Cabareba;
universiteti universitetis damTavreba.
fakulteti
cxrili gakveTilebis/mecadineobebis
cxrili; cxrilis Secvla;
niSani kargi/cudi niSani;
niSnis miReba/dawera;
leqsikoni leqsikonis xmareba aucilebelia
enis Seswavlisas.
saxelmZRvanelo
fanqari
kalami
flomasteri
112
saswavlo sagnebi
sagani saswavlo sagnebi: maTematika,
informatika, geografia, istoria,
filosofia, rusuli ena, qimia.
kvalifikacia
diplomi institutis/universitetis diplomi;
sertifikati kursebis gavlis sertifikati;
miReba/gacema sertifikatis;
gacema diplomis/sertifikatis gacema;
gamocda misaRebi/gamosaSvebi gamocda;
CaTvla
testi
Cabareba gamocdis Cabareba.
sayidlebi
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saWiro maRaziisa da saqonlis povna
firniSisa da maCveneblebis daxmarebiT; saqonlis SerCevisas da yidvisas
mis xarisxsa da fasze saubari, safasuris gadaxda da am sakiTxebis
garSemo informaciisa da azrebis gacvla.
maRazia
maRazia maRaziebi: gastronomi, univermaRi,
supermarketi, xil-bostneuli,
safunTuSe-sakonditro, sameurneo,
saiuveliro, tyavgalanterea;
kioski gazeTebis, suvenirebis, kasetebis.
bazari bazarSi SeiZleba gamyidvelTan
vaWroba.
salaro salarosTan rigi ar aris. molare
swrafad muSaobs.
rigi rigSi dgoma, urigod wasvla.
TviTmomsaxureba
gayidva gayidva larebSi.
yidva
gamyidveli gamyidveli da myidveli SeTanxmdnen
fasze.
garantia garantia 6 Tve.
Cveneba maCveneT es telefoni.
Secvla/gamocvla
gazomva/mozomeba SeiZleba kaba movizomo?
arCeva am maRaziaSi farTo arCevania;
dabruneba/mibruneba fexsacmels wuni hqonda da ukan
davabrune;
sxva sxva feri/zoma;
113
moduri moduri tansacmlis maRazia.
finjani
maTlafa
Caidani
yavadani
Wiqa
Cangali
dana
kovzi xis kovzi, sadilis kovzi, Cais kovzi,
desertis kovzi.
boTli
qila
tosteri
blenderi
sendviCmeikeri
nayidi nivTebis fasis gadaxda
gadaxda
fasi/Rirebuleba/Tanxa saboloo jamSi didi Tanxa
dagrovda.
daxarjva bevri fuli davxarjeT sigaretze.
fuli
sakredito baraTi sakredito baraTiT gadaxda;
naRdi fuli naRdi fuliT gadaxda;
Ceki Cekis gamowera;
fasdakleba fasdaklebiT yidva/gayidva; 20%-iani
fasdakleba;
xurda xurdis aReb/micema.
daxurdaveba
gacvla valutis gacvla;
valuta valuta: rubli, dolari, evro, lira,
funti sterlingi, lari;
damatebiT damatebiT gadaxda.
tansacmeli, moda
tansacmeli: qurqi, palto, kaba,
perangi, qudi, qvedakaba, kostiumi,
Sarvali;
fexsacmeli Ceqma, waRebi.
safule
CanTa
samkauli Tanamedrove samkauls moduri
dizaini aqvs;
saaTi Zvirfasi saaTi iyideba
saiuveliro maRaziaSi.
Cacma
moxdena es palto Zalian gixdebaT.
feri
114
zoma
TuTuni
sigareti
saferfle
asanTi
sanTebela
moweva nu moswevT!
Cibuxi
ojaxSi saxmari nivTebi
WurWeli
aveji
eleqtrosaqoneli
sursaT-sanovage
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT sxvadasxva kerZebis dasaxeleba da SekveTa
restoranSi, kafeSi... informaciisa da azrebis gacvla kerZebis momzadebis,
sxvadasxva adgilebSi momsaxurebis xarisxis Sesaxeb.
saWmeli
produqtebi
Wama
sauzme
sadili sadilze ra gaqvT?
vaxSami
momzadeba sauzme/sadili/vaxSami mzadaa.
moxarSva
Sewva
gawmenda/daTla
daWra
bostneuli kartofili, kombosto, pomidori,
Warxali, kitri, stafilo, xaxvi.
salaTi pomidvris salaTi.
supi/wvniani kerZi pirveli kerZi: supi, mJaunis supi,
mawvnis SeWamandi, borSi, uxa...
xorci saqonlis/cxvris/Roris/qaTmis/
indauris/ixvis/batis...
Zexvi moxarSuli/Sebolili.
sosisi
lori
Tevzi qaSayi, TarTi, loqo, oraguli...
xizilala wiTeli/Savi xizilala.
qaTami dedali/mamali/varia/wiwila.
115
kvercxi
erbokvercxi/omleti
gogli-mogli
yveli
nayini naRebis, Sokoladis, nigvziT,
vanilis, marwyvis.
Sokoladi Sokoladi nigvziT.
Rvezeli vaSlis, kombostos Rvezeli,
Rvezeli xorciT, brinjiT.
kombostoTi, xilfafiT.
orcxobila
torti
namcxvari
konfeti
kakali
nigozi
xili vaSli, forToxali, msxali.
kenkra Jolo, mocxari, mayvali...
mdogvi
wiwaka mware/bulgaruli wiwaka.
marili bevri marili saWmels amlaSebs.
karaqi
zeTi
fqvili
makaroni italiuri makaroni.
vermiSeli
brinji
fafa
wiwibura
pelmeni
puri TeTri/Savi/axali puri.
batoni
naWeri erTi naWeri ruxi puri.
funTuSa
buterbrodi
muraba
Saqari
mawoni soflis mawoni.
xaWo
araJani
sasmeli
daleva ras dalevT?
wveni, mineraluri wyali, ludi, Rvino,
arayi, koniaki, Sampaniuri.
ualkoholo ualkoholo sasmeli.
Cai Cais dayeneba. muqi Cai limoniT/ rZiT;
rZe rZis flavi, rZiani yava;
116
yava yavis moduReba;
kakao kakaos gakeTeba.
sazogadoebrivi kvebis
obieqtebi
kafe
bari
sasadilo
restorani
bufeti
bistro
makdonaldsi
momsaxureba momsaxurebisTvis 3% viRebT.
TviTmomsaxureba
oficianti
magida calke magida;
magidas ar emsaxurebian;
darbazi calke/saerTo darbazi;
SekveTa magidis/darbazis SekveTa.
kabineti
meniu
kerZi pirveli/meore/erovnuli/safirmo
kerZi;
samzareulo rusuli/erovnuli/evropuli/Cinuri.
cxeli cxeli ra gaqvT?
garniri/sakmazi
deserti
Semwvari
moxarSuli
umi
arCeva
gadawyveta
angariSi angariSis mitana/gamowera;
gasamrjelo gasamrjelo oficiantisTvis;
momsaxureba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT fostis, telegrafis, telefonis, bankis,
policiis, sakonsulo samsaxurebis, samedicino dawesebulebebis, manqanebis
gaqiravebis biurosi da sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis dawesebulebebis
momsaxurebiT sargebloba.
117
fosta
fosta fostaSi wasvla; aviafosta,
eleqtronuli fosta;
gagzavna amanaTis/werilis/telegramis...
amanaTi
blanki
Setyobineba
fostalioni
safosto safosto yuTi/gadagzavna/indeqsi.
werili
konverti aviakonverti.
Ria baraTi
qaRaldi
marka
avia
miReba aviafosta;
pasuxis gacema werilze pasuxis gacema.
telefoni
darekva saidan SemiZlia sxva qalaqSi
darekva?
Jetoni Jetoni avtomatisTvis.
kabina
kodi qalaqis/qveynis kodi.
kodiT darekva.
saubari saqalaqTaSoriso/saerTaSoriso
saubari;
saubris SekveTa;
akrefva nomris/kodis akrefa;
muSaoba telefoni ar muSaobs;
kavSiri kavSiri ar aris.
dakavebulia
(ar) ismis xma ar gamodis/ar ismis.
telegrafi
telegrama/depeSa telegramis/depeSis gagzavna;
faqsis gagzavna/miReba.
sityva
gamgzavni
Sesvla RirebulebaSi Sedis.
banki
blanki
valuta valutis yidva/gayidva;
gacvla valutis gacvla, valutis kursi.
Ceki
sagzao Ceki
angariSi angariSis gaxsna/daxurva.
krediti kreditis aReba/gacema.
118
gadaricxva fulis gadaricxva angariSze/
safrangeTSi.
policia
policiis ganyofileba
policieli manqanis gatacebis/qurdobis
gancxadeba.
gancxadeba
Civili
dakargva sabuTebis/portfelis dakargva.
sakonsulo, saelCo
konsuli konsulis gamoZaxeba/masTan
Sexvedris moTxovna;
sakonsulo sakonsulos warmomadgeneli.
elCi
saelCo saelCos TanamSromeli/
warmomadgeneli;
savizo ganyofileba ganacxadi vizis miRebaze.
teqmomsaxurebis sadguri
Sefaseba remontis Sefaseba.
xelosani/ostati
filtri filtris Secvla;
zeTi zeTis Secvla.
saWe
saburavi saburavis gaxvreta;
borbali borblis Secvla, saTadarigo
borbali.
remonti/SekeTeba
dazianeba
saTadarigo nawili
gatexva
avtogasamarTi sadguri
avtogasamarTi sadguri
benzini benzini 96.
baki/avzi savse/carieli avzi;
Rilaki daWera Rilakze.
sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis
dawesebuleba
remonti/SekeTeba fexsacmlis/saaTis/CanTis SekeTeba/
remonti;
eleqtronawilebis saswrafo
remonti; saremontod Cabareba.
gawmenda
qimwmenda
laqa laqa kostiumze.
119
samrecxao (TviTmomsaxureba)
miReba saremontod/gasarecxad miReba;
dauTaveba TeTreulis gasarecxad miReba.
momsaxureba
mzad aris SekveTa mzad aris.
SekveTa SekveTis nomeri;
SekveTis miReba/Cabareba;
saswrafo saswrafo SekveTa/remonti;
gTxovT, saswrafod gaakeToT es.
xelosani/ostati
saxelosno
gamoZaxeba ostatis Sin gamoZaxeba;
garecxva am samrecxaoSi manqanas kargad
recxaven.
sainformacio samsaxurebi
(policiis, saxanZro samsaxuris, saswrafo daxmarebis, saqalaqo satelofono
cnobaris telefonis nomrebi).
cnobaTa biuro vagzlis satelofono cnobaTa
biuro;
cnobari satelefono cnobari;
cnoba cnobis miReba/micema; fasiani/ufaso
cnoba;
mimarTva mimarTva cnobis asaRebad.
ucxouri enis floba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT isaubron meore an ucxouri enis codnis
xarisxis Sesaxeb da im problemebze, romlebic Cndeba qarTulad
saubrisas.
ena enebi: qarTuli, rusuli, inglisuri,
franguli, germanuli, italiuri.
aso
sityva
fraza (winadadeba)
saubari
swavla zepirad swavla.
wakiTxva
dawera
SekiTxva SekiTxvis dasma;
pasuxi SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema.
gageba
120
Targmna
axsna
gameoreba
niSnavs ras niSnavs es sityva?
Targmani Targmanis gakeTeba;
cota cotas gageba;
cota ufro nela;
leqsikoni qarTul-inglisuri leqsikoni.
gasagebia/gaugebaria
Secdoma Secdomis daSveba/gamosworeba/
koreqcia;
TviTkoreqcia.
adamianebs Soris urTierToba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT pirad urTierTobebze, sazogado cxovrebaze,
socialur problemebze, xelisuflebaze, politikaze, kanonebze, danaSaulze,
omis da mSvidobis Temaze, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis wevrobaze
saubari da azrebis gacvla am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
stumroba
dResaswaulis aRniSvna dResaswaulebi: axli weli, Soba,
aRdgoma, giorgoba, mariamoba, nanaoba,
ninaoba, Tamaroba, nikolozoba...
saojaxo dResaswaulebi: dabadebis
dRe, iubile, qorwili;
aRniSvna qeTevani dResaswauls aRniSnavs;
wasvla stumrad wasvla;
Sevla SemoiareT CvenTan stumrad.
mosvla modiT/mobrZandiT am saRamos
CvenTan;
mocda gicdiT am saRamos CvenTan.
gacnoba
saubari
cekva
milocva
saCuqari
Cuqeba yvavilebis Cuqeba;
SeTavazeba miirTviT;
miRebulia/ar aris CvenTan es miRebulia/ar aris.
121
saubrebi interesebis mixedviT
sazogado organizaciebis wevroba
klubi
profkavSiri
Sesvla, gawevrianeba sazogadoebaSi/klubSi/partiaSi
gawevrianeba;
wevri klubis wevri.
kreba
Sekreba vikribebiT kviraSi orjer.
xelisufleba, politika
saxelmwifo mravalenovani saxelmwifo.
konstitucia
xelisufleba
parlamenti
prezidenti
brZanebuleba brZanebulebis gacema.
premierministri
ministri
saministro sagareo saqmeTa saministro.
Tavmjdomare
deputati
warmomadgeneli
arCevnebi
arCeva
kandidati deputatobis kandidati.
xmis micema
mTavroba saxelmwifo/Zlieri/susti mTavroba;
ekonomika ganviTarebuli/CamorCenili
ekonomika.
ekonomikuri
xelSekruleba xelSekrulebaze xelis mowera.
mrewveloba
soflis meurneoba
reforma reformis Catareba;
sakuTreba kerZo/saxelmwifo sakuTreba;
politika saxelmwifo politika;
politikosi popularuli/axalgazrda
politikosi.
politikuri
partia politikuri partiebia: nacionaluri,
social-demokratiuli,
leiboristuli, respublikuri...
122
respublika
avtonomia
olqi
evropis sabWo
evropis kavSiri
dsT (damoukidebel
saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba)
nato (Crdilo-atlantikuri
aliansi) nato sityva-sityviT niSnavs – Crdilo
atlantikis xelSekrulebis
organizacias.
wesrigi da kanondarRveva
danaSauli danaSaulis Cadena.
damnaSave
qurdi
qurdoba
moparva sabuTebis/safulis moparva.
mokvla
motaceba manqana moitaces;
afeTqeba afeTqeba metroSi;
bombis afeTqeba.
srola
iaraRi
bomba
teroristi
terorizmi terorizmTan brZola.
mafia
narkotiki
alkoholi
msxverpli msxverpli ar aris;
ufleba uflebis qona.
dapatimreba
moZebna damnaSavis moZebna;
kanoni kanonis miReba;
advokati advokatis TandaswrebiT
sasamarTlo sasamarTloSi Civili.
mowme
cixe
omi da mSvidoba
omamde, omis Semdeg, omis dros;
omi mZvinvarebs; omi damTavrda,
mSvidobisa geSinodeT.
konfliqti samxedro/saerTaSoriso konfliqti;
konfliqtis dawyeba/dasruleba;
armia armiaSi samsaxuri;
jari gaeros jarebis Seyvana.
123
floti
aviacia
jariskaci
oficeri
samxedro
Tavdasxma
Tavdacva
zavi
dazaveba zavis dadeba/dazaveba/zavis
darRveva.
jaSuSi
gamarjveba
damarcxeba
gaero (gaerTianebuli erebis
organizacia) gaeros Stab-bina niu-iorkSi.
socialuri problemebi
sazogadoeba
problema ekonomikuri/ekologiuri
problemebi;
sociologiuri gamokiTxva sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Catareba;
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi;
dabinZureba haeris/wylis dabinZureba
ekologiuri problemaa.
Raribi/siRaribe
mdidari/simdidre
umuSevroba
daxmareba
Semweoba
ufleba adamianis uflebis dacva/darRveva;
cxovrebis done dabali/maRali done.
inflacia
fasebi
gadasaxadi/gadasaxadebi gancxadebis Semcireba/gazrda.
124
B2 – zRvruli ganviTarebuli done
pirovnebis identifikacia
vinaoba
saxeli, gvari ra gvaris brZandebiT?
gvaris dawera
batoni (b-ni), qalbatoni (q-ni) me gaxlavarT giorgi Wyonia, firmis
menejeri.
mudmivi sacxovrebeli qveyana
(samSoblo)
cxovreba . . . -Si me vcxovrob avstriaSi;
Camosvla . . . -dan me Camovedi avstriidan.
misamarTi
qalaqi
quCa
saxlis nomeri
dabadebis TariRi da adgili
dabadebis TariRi dabadebuli 1985 wlis 9 ivliss.
dabadebis adgili Tbilisi.
asaki
didi, zrdasruli nodari ukve xandazmulia.
patara, bavSvi
davaJkaceba, daqaleba nukri mowiful asakSia, magram
bavSviviT iqceva.
sqesi
mamrobiTi (mamr.)
mdedrobiTi (mdedr.)
ojaxuri mdgomareoba
coliani/ucolo
gaTxovili/gasaTxovari/
gauTxovari/martoxela/qvrivi
erovneba
ingliseli, frangi, rusi, qarTveli,
germaneli.
firmis xelmZRvaneli erovnebiT
germanelia.
125
dawesebulebis dasaxeleba
samuSao adgili da Tanamdeboba
kompania kompaniis mflobeli;
firma firmis advokati;
saministro ministris moadgile.
ganaTleba
umaRlesi, saSualo, arasruli
saSualo, arasruli umaRlesi - ra daamTavreT?- me universiteti
davamTavre.
saqmiani gamgzavreba saqarTveloSi (Sesvla/gasvla)
sapasporto kontroli
mivlineba: mcirevadiani,
ramdenime dRiani, erTTviani
vada
pasporti, pasportis wardgena
viza, vizis gagrZeleba
sabaJo samsaxuri (sabaJo)
sabaJo deklaracia: Sevseba,
xelmowera, wardgineba
baJi: gadaxda, amoReba, dakisreba
ubaJod gatana ris gatana SeiZleba ubaJod?
qonebis gaTavisufleba sabaJo
gadasaxadebisagan sad xdeba qonebis gaTavisufleba
sabaJo gadasaxadebisagan?
sabaJo tarifi
sabaJo inspeqtori
bargi: piradi, ugamyolo CanTas abarebT, Tu Tan migaqvT
salonSi?
tvirTi (kolofi, yuTi): awonva,
registrireba, gatana, gaxsna
nebarTva/akrZalva (wignebis,
suraTebis, xatebis, Zvirfaseulobis)
Semotanaze/ gatanaze Tqven gaqvT nebarTva am suraTis
gatanaze?
sabargo urika
nivTebi: Zvirfasi, piradi
tvirTi, tvirTis danakargi
sabaJo kontroli
wardgena sabaJo kontrolisTvis
satvirTo sabaJo deklaracia
126
specifikacia
SefuTva
tvirTis gaxsna
Cxreka, Cxrekis warmoeba
tvirTis gaformeba sad formdeba tvirTi?
sawyobi
tvirTis dazianeba
policia
policieli
dokumentis wardgena
sastumro
sastumro
gaCereba erTi kviriT/erTi sastumros dajavSna.
RamiT
registrireba/daregistrireba
blankis Sevseba
cxovreba romel sastumroSi cxovrobT?
sastumros nomeri
erTadgiliani, oradgiliani,
luqsi;
administratori
morige
gaRviZeba (. . . sT-ze)
Canaweri, werili
Canaweris/werilis datoveba
Canaweris/werilis gadacema
(ar) muSaoba
(ar) muSaobs telefoni/lifti/gaTboba ar
muSaobs.
Secvla, gamocvla
Secvla pirsaxocis Secvla;
gamocvla naTuris gamocvla.
angariSi
angariSis motana/gasworeba
saerTaSoriso laparakis angariSi
qviTari
qviTris gamowera
127
garToba
restorani, samorine, Ramis klubi
restorani, oficianti, SekveTa
menius SekveTa/motana
kerZi: erovnuli, safirmo, Cinuri
romeli safirmo kerZis
SemoTavazeba SegiZliaT?
kerZis SerCeva
sauzme, deserti, angariSi,
gasamrjelo
angariSis motana/gamowera
Teatri
bileTi, Teatris salaro,
Teatraluri sezoni
speqtakli, baleti, opera
adgili parteri, amfiTeatri, iarusi...
sayidlebi
marketi, supermarketi, univermaRi,
suvenirebis, samrewvelo saqonlis
maRazia
gamyidveli
naxva, Cveneba ra Rirs?
salaro
gadaxda
gadaxda sakredito baraTiT/
naRdi fuliT
xurda, wvrili fuli
Ceki
Cekis gamowera/ganaRdeba
transporti
sazogadoebrivi transporti
avtobusi, troleibusi, tramvai, metro
mgzavroba
erTi mgzavris taloni
gaCereba
avtobusis, troleibusis,
tramvais gaCereba
gaCerebis gamocxadeba
128
gadajdoma
gadajdoma
gadasvla
miwisqveSa gadasasvleli
metros gadasasvleli
gadasvla SuqniSanze
bileTi
avtobusis, troleibusis,
tramvais bileTi
Jetoni
metros Jetoni
taqsi
taqsis ayvana
taqsis sadgomi
taqsis mZRoli
mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxda
banki/gadamcvleli punqtebi
banki
saxelmwifo, komerciuli, kerZo,
aqcioneruli, Semnaxveli, sapaio.
sabanko/bankTaSorisi krediti
sabanko garantia
bankiri (bankis mepatrone)
anabari
meanabre
anabari mokiTxvamde, saswrafo, warmomdgenze,
depozituri.
anabris saxeoba.
anabris Tanxa.
anabris vada.
anabris pirobebi.
savaluto angariSi
laris savaluto kursi dolaris savaluto kursi larTan
mimarTebaSi Seadgens . . .
rogoria amJamad laris kursi?
anabris miReba naRdi
angariSsworebiT
anabris gaformeba
anabris daxurva
129
anabris anderZiT datoveba/
gaformeba
gadacvala
valutis gadacvala
gadamcvleli punqti
valutis kursi
oficialuri
moqmedi
kursis dadgena rogoria laris kursi evrosTan
mimarTebaSi.
kursis Secvla
sakurso biuleteni
valutis Sesyidva/gayidva
piri
fizikuri
iuridiuli
angariSi
saangariSsworebo
gadaricxva angariSze Tanxa Tqvens pirad angariSze
gadairicxeba.
gadaricxva angariSidan
angariSis ganaRdeba
angariSis gaxsna angariSis gasaxsnelad mcire Tanxac
sakmarisia.
angariSis daxurva
Cekis gamowera
sagzao Ceki
sakredito baraTi me sakredito baraTi ara maqvs.
sagarantio werili
Tanxa
naRdi, unaRdo
Tanxis dawera cifrebiT
Tanxis dawera sityvebiT
operacia sabanko operaciebi.
Sesavlis
gasavlis
gacvlis
savaluto
sakredito
gadayvana, gadazidva
Tanxis gadagzavna:
ucxour bankebSi
130
dsT-s bankebSi
arasabanko dawesebulebebSi
Tanxis angariSze dasma
konversia
Tanxis konversia: larebSi; evroebSi;
sxva valutaSi.
saqmiani informaciis moZieba
firma
firma gTavazobT firma gTavazobT kabels dabal
fasebSi.
firma giwvevT firma iwvevs programebis
specialistebs.
firma eZebs firma eZebs partniors erToblivi
sawarmos Sesaqmnelad.
firma dagexmarebaT firma dagexmarebaT eleqtroxel-
sawyoebis realizaciaSi.
firma gaaqiravebs firma gaaqiravebs Senobas.
firma iqiravebs firma iqiravebs Senobas
sawyobisaTvis.
momsaxureba
momsaxurebis gaweva firma eweva saSuamavlo
momsaxurebas.
partniori
reklama, gancxadeba
gancxadebis gamoqveyneba rogoria am reklamis gamoqveynebis
vada?
publikaciis vada
rodis aris statiis motanis bolo
vada?
fasi
Srifti
msxvili, wvrili
CarCo
teqsti Cajdes CarCoSi/
darCes CarCos gareSe
131
eleqtronuli fosta miTxariT geTayva, Tqveni el-
fostis misamarTi.
faqsi
teleqsi
faqsis, teleqsis miReba/
gagzavna
telefoni
saubris erTi wuTi
moTxovna
moTxovnis gagzavna, pasuxi
moTxovnaze
moTxovniT mimarTva
Txovna
TxovniT mimarTva myidvelma mogvmarTa TxovniT, rom
gavugzavnoT Cveni axali produqciis
aRweriloba.
gTxovT gamogvigzavnoT katalogebi.
winadadeba saqonlis
mowodebaze Cven SevTavazeT winadadeba
saqonlis mowodebaze.
myidveli, yidva
gamyidveli, gayidva
teqnikuri monacemebi,
daxasiaTeba
informireba am moTxovnaSi firma gvawvdis
informacias Carxis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb.
informacia Cven regularulad vawvdiT
momxmarebels saWiro informacias.
gadaxdis pirobebi rogoria gadaxdis pirobebi?
katalogi Cven gvainteresebs ukanaskneli
katalogebi.
angariSsworebis forma Cven gvainteresebs angariSsworebis
forma.
SekiTxva, sakiTxi, garkveva me mainteresebs erTi sakiTxis
garkveva, ra dromdea ZalaSi
preiskurantSi mocemuli fasebi.
gadaxda (Rirebulebis)
gadaxdis forma gadaxdis romeli forma gawyobT?
akreditivi
inkaso Cven varT Tanaxma inkasoze, Tu Tqveni
banki iZleva gadaxdis garantias.
saavanso gadaricxva
naRdi angariSi qeSi es saqoneli iyideba mxolod naRdi
angariSsworebiT.
132
sazogadoebis ekonomikuri cxovreba
Semswavlels unda SeeZlos saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur
procesebSi garkveva, informaciis mopoveba sakuTrebis sxvadasxvagvari
formis, sameurneo saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis Sesaxeb.
ekonomika
saqarTvelos ekonomika
sabazro ekonomika sabazro ekonomika ganicdis
aRmavlobas.
gegmiuri ekonomika
ekonomikis stabilizacia SeimCneva ekonomikis stabilizacia.
ekonomikuri reforma
ekonomikuri zrda
ekonomikuri Cavardna ekonomikuri Cavardnis mizezi jer
ar aris Seswavlili.
inflacia, hiperinflacia
ekonomikuri kavSirebis rRveva
momwodebeli, mwarmoebeli,
momxmarebeli momxmarebeli damokidebulia
mwarmoebelze.
warmoebis Cavardna,
warmoebis aRmavloba
(ara) rentabeluri warmoeba es aris rentabeluri warmoeba.
zarali, mogeba Cven vnaxeT didi zarali.
gadauxdelobis krizisi
gakotreba es warmoeba gakotrda.
TanamSromloba
saqmiani
ormxrivi damyarda ormxrivi TanamSromloba
biblioTekebs Soris.
mravalmxrivi
mWidro mWidro TanamSromloba saqmeSi
aisaxa.
samecniero-teqnikuri
savaWro-ekonomikuri
kulturuli urTierToba
qveynebs Soris
urTierTTanamSromloba urTierTTanamSromloba
mniSvnelovnad Rrmavdeba.
TanamSromlobis damyareba damyarda TanamSromloba
universitetebs Soris.
TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba
TanamSromlobis formebi
erToblivi sawarmo
133
erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna xval Cven gveqneba molaparakeba
erToblivi warmoebis Seqmnis
Taobaze.
sainvesticio saqmianobis
warmarTva
kontaqtebi: samecniero,
kulturuli
samecniero kontaqtebi aucilebelia
eris gonebrivi ganviTarebisaTvis.
mravalmxrivi, saqmiani Cven dainteresebuli varT
mravalmxrivi kontaqtebis
damyarebiT.
kontaqtebis damyareba
kontaqtebis aRdgena aRdga kontaqtebi ruseTis
federaciasTan.
kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba Cven gvsurs kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba
bevr qveyanasTan.
kavSirebi: ekonomikuri,
saerTaSoriso
dairRva ekonomikuri kavSirebi
ruseTTan.
saqmiani, savaWro, pirdapiri savaWro kavSirebis gaRrmavebas xels
uSlis araerTi faqtori.
kavSirebis damyareba damyarda mWidro kavSiri
prezidentebs Soris.
valdebulebebi
urTierTvaldebuleba
sakontraqto valdebuleba
valdebulebis aReba,
Sesruleba es firma yovelTvis asrulebs Tavis
sakontraqto valdebulebebs.
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze
uaris Tqma
valdebulebis Sesruleba/
Seusrulebloba valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba
ganixileba rogorc xelSekrulebis
darRveva.
gacvla
azrTa gacvla-gamocvla azrTa gacvla-gamocvla gadavida
mZafr kamaTSi.
saqonlis gacvla
gamocdilebis gaziareba azrTa gacvla-gamocvlas mohyva
gamocdilebis gaziareba.
urTierTobebi
qarTul-latviuri
ormxrivi urTierToba
134
urTierTobis ganmtkiceba ganmtkicda savaWro urTierToba
Cven qveynebs Soris.
urTierTobis gaRrmaveba urTierTobis gaRrmavebas xels
uSlis politikuri daZabuloba.
soflis meurneoba
sofeli soflis meurneoba saWiroebs
investiciebs.
am sofelSi aris Zroxebis ferma.
meurneoba: fermeruli/saojaxo wvrili fermeruli meurneoba gaxda
momgebiani.
sasoflo sameurneo warmoeba
sasoflo sameurneo produqcia sasoflo sameurneo produqcia
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
agrosamrewvelo kompleqsi
transporti
sahaero sahaero mimosvla ruseTTan aRdgeba
wlis bolosTvis.
rkinigzis
wylis: sazRvao,
samdinaro tvirTebis,
saqonlis transportireba CvenSi ar arsebobs mdinaris
transporti.
vinaa pasuxismgebeli tvirTebis
transportirebaze?
mowodeba/saqonlis mowodeba
tvirTebis mowodeba Tqven valdebuli xarT, mogvawodoT
es tvirTi Tvis bolomde.
momwodebeli
mrewveloba
mZime/msubuqi mrewveloba
navTobis/qimiuri mrewveloba mezobeli qveynebi zrdian navTobis
warmoebas.
mrewvelobis dargi
samxedro samrewvelo kompleqsi
ruseTSi gaZlierda samxedro
samrewvelo kompleqsi.
warmoeba
samrewvelo warmoeba samrewvelo warmoeba saWiroebs
axal teqnologiebs.
qimiuri, seriuli warmoeba
saqonlis, produqtebis warmoeba
warmoebis zrda, kleba
135
sawarmo, organizacia, firma
sawarmo: kerZo/saxelmwifo ras awarmoebs es firma?
saaqcio, qarTul-Turquli es qarTul-Turquli sawarmo uSvebs
sarecx saSualebebs.
mcire, erToblivi mewarme
qarxana, fabrika, kombinati,
gaerTianeba saaqcio sazogadoeba,
asociacia SezRuduli
pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba
(Sps) dRes es msxvili gaerTianeba
zaralis momtania.
dafuZnda kavkasiologTa
saerTaSoriso asociacia.
bazari
msoflio, Sida, gare
savaluto, sasaqonlo, safondo msoflio bazari savsea saukeTeso
produqciiT.
Zvirfasi qaRaldebis bazari
gasaRebis bazari Cven gvaklia gasaRebis bazari
meRvineobis dargSi.
vaWroba
sagareo/saSinao rogoria Cveni sagareo vaWrobis
mdgomareoba?
momgebiani
savaWro SeTanxmeba Cven davdeT savaWro xelSekruleba
ukrainasTan.
savaWro kontaqtebi
navTobiT vaWroba navTobiT vaWroba ar unda gaxdes
korufciis sagani.
saqonlis brunvis gazrda/
Semcireba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda saqonlis
tvirTbrunva.
fasi, Rirebuleba
fasi ra fasad gvTavazobT saqonels?
Cveni fasi moicavs saqonlis
Rirebulebas da dazRvevas/
saqonlis Rirebulebas da
gemis bortze mitanas.
TviTRirebuleba am saqonlis TviTRirebuleba Zalian
maRalia.
sakuTreba
sakuTrebis formebi perestroikam Secvala warmodgena
sakuTrebis formebze.
saxelmwifo sakuTreba
136
kerZo sakuTreba kerZo sakuTrebis araswor gagebas
moaqvs garkveuli ziani.
inteleqtualuri sakuTreba yvelaze Zviri inteleqtualuri
sakuTrebaa.
miwis sakuTreba
mesakuTre adre sofelSi kerZo mesakuTreebs
eZaxdnen kulaks.
sakuTari firma man sakuTari firma Seqmna.
privatizacia
CvenSi binebi privatizebulia.
finansebi
finansireba
mSeneblobis finansireba dRes mSeneblobis finansireba
yvelaze momgebiania.
asignireba, subsidireba
finansisti me gaxlavarT firmis mTavari
finansisti.
fuli (saxsrebi)
fuli: qaRaldis, plastikuri qaRaldis fuli Secvala
plastikurma baraTebma.
fulis Setana SeitaneT fuli bankSi.
naRdi fuli, unaRdo
angariSsworeba dawesebulebas akrZaluli aqvs
naRdi fuliT angariSsworeba.
valuta
konvertirebadi dolari konvertirebadi valutaa.
arakonvertirebadi lari arakonvertirebadia.
Semosavali
sufTa Semosavali, dabali
Semosavali Cemi sufTa Semosavali Zlivs
myofnis Semdeg xelfasamde.
warmoebis Semosavali am warmoebis Semosavali metad
dabalia.
mogeba
mogeba didi/maqsimaluri/dabali
sawarmos aqvs didi mogeba.
mogebis miReba saxelmwifom miiRo didi mogeba;
momgebiani sawarmo es ludis qarxana warmoadgens
momgebiani sawarmoa.
wageba, zarali
zarali fors-maJorul situaciasTan
dakavSirebiT Cvenma sawarmom
ganicada didi zarali.
zaraliani sawarmo
137
gadasaxadi
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi saSemosavlo zarali 12 procents
Seadgens.
damatebiTi Rirebulebis
gadasaxadi (dRg)
sagadasaxdo inspeqtori
sagadasaxado inspeqcia
pirveli saqmiani kontaqtebi
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT sakuTari Tavisa da kolegebis warmodgena
gvariT, saxeliT, TanamdebobiT, im kompaniis dasaxelebiT, romelsac isini
warmoadgenen; kompaniis mokle daxasiaTeba, im qveynis gacnoba
stumrebisaTvis, sadac isini cxovroben da muSaoben; partniorebis Sesaxeb
Sesabamisi informaciis gageba; saqmian Sexvedraze SeTanxmeba; saqmian
sadilze dapatiJeba da msgavsi mowvevis miReba.
gvari, saxeli
me gaxlavarT jim teilori;
batoni, qalbatoni es batoni ronald stivensonia.
saxeli ra gqviaT Tqven?
iwereba, warmoiTqmis
xelmowera
savizito baraTi inebeT Cemi savizito baraTi.
Tanamdeboba
direqtori: generaluri,
komerciuli es Cveni firmis generaluri
direqtori gaxlavT.
menejeri (firmis, kompaniis...)
direqtoris movaleobis
Semsrulebeli
warmomadgeneli: oficialuri es Cveni firmis oficialuri
warmomadgenelia.
specialuri Cven gvaqvs am qalaqSi specialuri
warmomadgenloba.
firmis interesebis
warmomadgeneli
me gaxlavarT firmis interesebis
warmomadgeneli.
ganyofilebis gamge lado aris sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis ganyofilebis gamge.
mewarme
ekonomisti
mmarTveli: bankis, firmis bankis mmarTveli axalgazrda kacia.
138
Suamavali saSuamavlo firma iRebs Semosavlis
10%-s.
prezidenti: asociaciis,
korporaciis kavkasiologTa asociaciis
prezidenti aris Cveni profesori.
mdivani: gamgeobis, asociaciis gamgeobis mdivanma gaxsna kreba.
specialisti: mTavari, ufrosi... mTavari specialisti statusiT
utoldeba mTavar ekonomists.
Statiani TanamSromeli
TanamSromlebi: bankis, firmis,
korporaciis, kompaniis filialis
savaWro agenti
mTavari buRalteri mTavarma buRalterma daagviana
xelfasis uwyisis Sedgena.
pasuxismgebeli
vice prezidenti
firma, kompania
Cveni kompania awarmoebs
eleqtromowyobilobebis eqsports.
Cven warmovadgenT kerZo firmas.
saagento uZravi qonebis saagento.
banki Cven xelfass viRebT qarTus
plastikuri baraTebiT.
sareklamo biuro mimarTeT sareklamo biuros.
saswavlo-sakonsultacio
centri saswavlo-sakonsultacio centri
Zalian sasargeblo aRmoCnda.
erToblivi warmoeba saqarTvelo-amerikis erToblivi
warmoeba.
organizacia Cven gvaqvs arasamTavrobo
organizacia.
asociacia
saxelmwifo
kerZo es kerZo kompania wagebaSia.
specializacia Cven gaviareT specializacia
marketingis sferoSi.
qveyana
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi
dasavleT evropis qveynebi
Camosvla... -dan Cven gvestumra delegacia didi
britaneTidan.
imyofeba... -Si Cveni delegacia vizitiT
imyofeboda luqsemburgSi.
139
saqmiani viziti
saqmiani viziti: moklevadiani
/xangrZlivi me vimyofebodi moklevadiani/
xangrZlivi vizitiT daniaSi.
mivlineba mivlinebis angariSi warmoadgineT
CamosvlisTanave.
vizitis mizani vizitis mizania kontaqtebis aRdgena.
erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna.
Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobebis
garkveva Caraxebis, nedleulis, produqtebis.
vizitis samuSao programa
vizitis samuSao programis
SemuSaveba vizitis samuSao programa mzad
iqneba xvalisTvis.
Sexvedra Sexvedra daniSnulia xval 12
saaTze.
gavla unda gavuaroT Cven stumrebs.
kompaniis, firmis, warmoebis monaxuleba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT warmoidginon sakuTari Tavi da TavianTi
kolegebi delegaciis wevrebad, gadascen saWiro informacia im kompaniis
Sesaxeb, romelsac warmoadgenen, moiTxovon analogiuri informacia sxva
kompaniis Sesaxeb, gamoarkvion maTTvis saintereso faqtebi komerciuli
Tu samrewvelo saqmianobis, TanamSromlobis, garigebis... Sesaxeb.
gvari, saxeli
Tanamdeboba
kompania
warmoeba
warmoebis gafarToeba unda gafarTovdes videoteqnikis
warmoeba.
produqciis warmoeba Cven vawarmoebT macivrebs.
mwarmoebeli puris mwarmoebelia firma ifqli.
ZiriTadi mimwodebeli saqarTveloSi macivrebis ZiriTadi
momwodebelia firma beko –
msoflio marka.
sawarmo saqmianoba
produqcia
samrewvelo
sasoflo sameurneo
mza produqcia
140
maRalxarisxovani produqcia CvenSi daiwyo Semosvla
maRalxarisxovanma produqciam.
moZvelebuli/axali produqcia
warmoebis, firmis, qarxnis,
produqcia es mezobeli warmoebis produqciaa.
produqciis gamoSveba Cven daviwyeT axali produqciis
gamoSveba.
qarxana
qarxnis monaxuleba vestumroT metalurgiul qarxanas.
cexi, ganyofileba
kafeli mzaddeba am cexSi?
mowyobiloba
es mowyobiloba mzaddeba CineTSi.
gayidva
realizacia/gasaReba am saqonlis realizacia unda
moxdes uaxloes xanSi.
warmoeba
kvebis produqtebi
rZis nawarmi rZe, xaWo, yveli – Zalian sasargeblo
produqtebia.
burRuli burRuli ZiriTadad ruseTidan da
ukrainidan Semodis.
makaroni makaroni italiuri warmoebis
produqtia.
Zexveuli
puri
Rvino Rvino ki maTrobela sjobs...
saxalxo moxmarebis
saqoneli
tansacmeli
fexsacmeli
sayofacxovrebo saqoneli
aveji
saqoneli
msubuqi mrewvelobis, samomxmareblo
sabavSvo, sportuli, maRali/dabali
xarisxis, ekologiurad sufTa,
erToblivi warmoebis, importuli
msubuqi-mrewvelobis saqoneli CvenSi
ZiriTadad importulia. maRali
xarisxis samrewvelo saqoneli aris
evropuli bazris ganmasxvavebeli
niSani.
saqonlis xarisxi: umaRlesi,
maRali, dabali, uxarisxo
141
damakmayofilebeli,
aradamakmayofilebeli es naWeri umaRlesi xarisxisaa.
es fexsacmeli sruliad uxarisxoa.
saqonelbrunva
wliuri, mimdinare, Sida, sagareo wlevandeli saqonel brunva
Warbobs SarSandlisas.
komerciuli saqmianoba komerciuli saqmianoba gafarTovda.
vaWroba
kreditiT (nisiaT) nisiaT vaWroba aZnelebs saqonel
brunvas.
kvebis produqtebiT kvebis produqtebiT vaWroba Zalze
momgebiania.
soflis meurneobis
produqtebiT
navTobiT, nedleuliT navTobiT, nedleuliT vaWroba did
mogebas iZleva.
vaWroba sxva qveyanasTan CineTTan vaWroba farTovdeba.
savaWro
kapitali savaWro kapitali iZleva
ganviTarebis saSualebas.
debuleba, wesdeba, sfero savaWro sferoSi muSaobas iRbali
unda.
Semosavali, kompania Semosavali gasavalze didi unda
iyos.
firma, sawarmo es savaWro firma male gakotrdeba.
dakveTa
didi, patara, saswrafo qarxanam miiRo didi dakveTa, magram
sirTule imaSi, rom es saswrafod
unda Sesruldes.
Tanxa dakveTis Tanxa erTob didia.
dakveTis micema
dakveTis Sesruleba am dakveTis Sesrulebas ver
SevZlebT.
142
kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia.
gvari, saxeli
qveyana, kompanias Tanamdeboba
firma
statusi
saxelmwifo, kerZo, savaWro
iuridiuli sabuTebis gaformeba SeiZleba
iuridiul firmaSi.
saSuamavlo
saaqcio
sadazRvevo aldagi sadazRvevo firmaa.
firmis dafuZneba firmis dafuZvnebisTvis saWiroa
sawesdebo kapitali.
firmis, sawarmos wesdeba firmis wesdeba saWiroa sabanko
angariSis gaxsnisTvis.
wesdeba normatiulad dadasturebuli
wesdeba unda iyos warmodgenili sam
egzempliarad.
kapitali sawesdebo kapitali unda iyos
aranakleb 3 000 $ - isa.sastarto sastarto kapitali saWiroa
warmoebis asamoqmedeblad.
filialebi Cven firmas aqvs 80 filiali, maT
Soris naxevari sazRvargareT.
qona, dafuZneba, gaxsna es firma dafuZnda SarSan.
filiali, ganyofileba am bankis filiali aris foTSic.
firmis warmomadgenloba Cveni firmis warmomadgenloba
TurqeTSi gvaqvs.
saqmianobis sfero:
komerciuli, sainvesticio komerciuli saqmianoba araa
akrZaluli.
saSuamavlo, sainformacio,
safinanso saSuamavlo saqmianobas eweva
saadvokato kantora mediatori.
samecniero, teqnikuri
ganaTlebis sistema
raimes warmoeba am produqtis sawarmoeblad saWiroa
licenzia.
sawarmos mogeba
143
momsaxureba
sakredito, iuridiuli am bankis sakredito momsaxureba
moikoWlebs.
saaudito, finansuri xvalidan firmaSi muSaobas iwyebs
saaudito momsaxureba.
saSuamavlo am firmas SeuZlia saSuamavlo
momsaxurebis gaweva.
komerciuli SeTavazeba firma gvTavazobs soflis
meurneobis produqcias.
saqoneli (momsaxureba,
produqcia)
saqonlis gayidva es saqoneli (fexsacmeli) kargad
iyideba.
saqonlis yidva Cven gvinda SevisyidoT Tqveni
firmis saqoneli.
saqonlis nimuSebi am nimuSis saqoneli davukveTe.
saqoneli gankuTvnili es saqoneli saeqsportodaa
gamzadebuli.
saqonlis miwodeba
(damkveTisTvis) damkveTs droze unda mivawodoT
Cveni saqoneli..
saqonlis eqsporti
saeqsportod gagzavna goris qarxnis kaklis muraba
saeqsportod igzavneboda inglisSi.
warmoeba eqsportis mizniT dRes es qarxana aRarafers
awarmoebs saeqsportod.
modeli
axali es mersedesis axali modelia.
Zveli Zveli modelebi aq aRar fasobs.
bolo
sareklamo prospeqti
katalogi
saqonlis, momsaxurebis
katalogi am wels saqonlis katalogi jer ar
gamosula.
sagamofeno sagamofeno katalogs miiRebT Tqvens
pavilionSi.
preiskuranti fasebi mocemulia preiskurantSi.
nakeToba faifuris es nakeToba metad myifea.
cali kvercxi calobiT iyideba.
bazari kolmeurneobis bazarSi siZvirea.
144
molaparakeba
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT miiRon monawileoba molaparakebaSi,
romelic exeba erToblivi sawarmos Seqmnas, saqonlis miwodebas, garigebas,
ganixilon kontraqtis dadebis pirobebis ganxilvas...
molaparakeba
molaparakeba Sedga erTi Tvis win.
gamarTva
dasruleba guSin dasrulda molaparakeba
opelis firmasTan.
molaparakebaSi monawileoba orive firma monawileobda
molaparakebaSi.
daswreba me ar veswrebodi am molaparakebebs.
valdebuleba
valdebuleba petrem aiRo valdebuleba da unda
Seasrulos kidec igi.
ganxilva
dRis wesrigi dRis wesrigSi warmodgenilia
Semdegi gansaxilveli sakiTxebi.
sakiTxis ganxilva dRes unda ganvixiloT daswrebis
sakiTxi.
dokumentaciis ganxilva
valebis ganxilva gadawyda, rom mosavlis aRebis
vadebis ganxilva gadatanil iqnes
xvalisTvis.
kontraqtis pirobebis
ganxilva kontraqtis pirobebis ganxilvas
daeTmoba mTeli dRe.
Seqmna
erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna
samecniero-sawarmo
gaerTianeba
mmarTveloba/gamgeoba
iuridiuli piri
mza produqcia
mza produqcia dafasoebulia da
mzadaa momxmareblisTvis
misawodeblad.
145
damtkiceba
wliuri gegma wliuri gegma mtkicdeba gamgeobis
mier.
perspeqtiuli gegma Cven gvaqvs mzad momavali wlis
perspeqtiuli gegma.
gadawyvetileba
gadawyvetilebis miReba ruseTis dumam miiRo gadawyvetileba
embargos Sesaxeb.
krediti
kreditis aReba kreditis asaRebad saWiroa uZravi
qonebis Cadeba.
Rirebuleba
sabazro Rirebuleba mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba saqonlis TviTRirebu-
bas.
teqnologia
Rvinis xarisxi teqnologiebzea
damokidebuli.
wili
ra wili aqvs lukoilSi daviTs?
xarjva
xarjviTi nawili Warbobs biujets.
gasaRebis bazari
bazris sakiTxi jer gadawyvetili
ar aris.
subsidireba
Cveni proeqtis subsidireba ukve
gadawyvetilia.
kontraqti
daido kontraqti or ucxour
firmasTan.
grZelvadiani es kontraqti grZelvadiania.
sagarantio werili
bankis sagarantio werili
dagexmarebaT sesxis aRebaSi.
sagarantio vada
vadis gasvla saqonlis mowodebis vadis
gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT Cven
movaxdineT kontraqtis analizeba.
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba
Tqven dagekisraT pasuxismgebloba
kontraqtis Sesrulebaze.
saqme
sarfiani saqme me viSove sarfiani saqme.
146
saqmiani mimowera kontraqtis gaformebas win uZRoda
saqmiani mimowera.
saqmiani kontaqtebi gaaRrmaveT saqmiani kontaqtebi.
partniori
saqmiani saqmiani partnioris moZebna
yovelTvis Wirs.
ucxoeli ucxoeli partniorebi xval
gvewvevian.
SeTavazeba, winadadeba
saqonlis SeTavazeba myidvels SesTavazes mravalgvari
saqoneli.
komerciuli SeTavazeba
momgebiani winadadeba es momgebiani winadadebaa.
mosaxleobisaTvis momsaxurebis
SeTavazeba SeuZlia firma pirimzes.
potenciuri
klienti, partniori, investori
garantia
xarisxiani momsaxureba es firma iZleva xarisxiani
momsaxurebis garantias.
saqonlis xarisxi saqonlis xarisxis garantias ver
mogcems verc erTi firma.
warmateba kargi saqoneli misi gayidvis
garantiaa.
molaparakeba
Sexvedraze molaparakeba Sexvedris Sesaxeb
gadaido.
vadebze molaparakeba jarebis gayvanis
Sesaxeb Seferxda.
protokoli molaparakeba gaformda saTanado
pritokoliT.
Sesruleba
dakveTis partniori valdebulia droze
Seasrulos dakveTa.
kontraqtis pirobebi kontraqtis pirobebiT sruldeba.
SeTanxmeba, mogvareba
SeTanxmeba saqonlis
mowodebaze xeli moewera SeTanxmebas saqonlis
mowodebaze.
mogvareba am problemis mogvarebas dro
sWirdeba.
SeTanxmeba vadebze vizitis vadebze SeTanxmeba jer ara
gvaqvs.
147
dakveTa, SekveTa
telefoniT picis SekveTa SeiZleba telefoniT.
bileTebis dakveTa SeiZleba avia
saagentos meSveobiT.
ganacxadi
fexburTis bileTebze ganacxadi unda
gakeTdes erTi kviriT adre.
warmodgena
licenziis gTxovT warmoadginoT licenzia.
fasdakleba, SeRavaTi
SeRavaTi sakmaod soliduria.
fasdakleba 50% iania.
daiwyo saSobao fasdakleba.
saqmiani dokumentacia
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saSualo sirTulis saqmiani werilis
Sedgena da masze ufro rTuli dokumentis wakiTxva. magaliTad, erToblivi
sawarmos, asociaciis, fondis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
saqmiani werilebi
Txovnis amsaxveli werili
werili-Setyobineba
mowvevis teqsti
damadasturebeli werili
sarekomendacio werili
madlobis werili
moTxovnis amsaxveli werili
moTxovna
moTxovnis Seswavla
moTxovnis ganxilva
moTxovna raimes SeZenaze
saqonliT daintereseba
saqmiani kavSirebis damyareba
mudmivi myidveli
potenciuri myidveli
moTxovnileba moTxovnileba xarisxian saqonelze.
werili-SekveTa
SekveTis Sesruleba
saqonlis dasaxeleba
fasi
SekveTis moculoba
SekveTis moqmedebis vada
148
SekveTis gauqmeba/anulireba
dazRveva CvenSi araerTi sadazRvevo kompaniaa.
sadazRvevo polisi
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa
saCivris werili
CiviliT mimarTva
arbitraJi
dava
uTanxmoeba/azrTa sxvadasxvaoba
saCivris ganxilva
zarali/danaklisi
zaralis anazRaureba
dajarimeba/jarimis gadaxda
Sablonuri frazebi, romelic
gamoiyeneba:
saqmiani werilis dasawyisSi
pativcemulo...
batono/qalbatono...
Tqveni werilis pasuxad mogaxsenebT...
Cveni SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, gTxovT...
moxaruli var gacnoboT, rom...
samwuxarod, unda SegaxsenoT, rom...
SemakavSirebel elementebad damatebiT SegviZlia gacnoboT, rom...
imis gamo, rom...
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare...
amasTan dakavSirebiT...
Tqveni yuradReba gvinda mivapyroT...
saqme isaa, rom...
Cveni azriT...
upirveles yovlisa...
garda amisa...
werilis dasasruls madloblebi dagrCebiT SekveTis
droulad SesrulebisTvis.
gTxovT saswrafod gvacnoboT...
veliT Tqvens Tanxmobas
pativiscemiT...
Rrma pativiscemiT...
veliT Tqvens pasuxs.
149
2.4 kulturuli aspeqti
kulturuli aspeqti SeiZleba or ZiriTad jgufad gaiyos:
sociokulturuli qceva da ZiriTadi qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi. cxadia,
rom namdvili komunikacia ar gamoixateba mxolod metyvelebis procesis
struqturirebiTa da gramatikuli sistemis swori gamoyenebiT. ucxour
enaze urTierTobis mniSvnelovan mxares warmoadgens verbaluri da
araverbaluri qcevis marTlzomierad, mocemuli kulturis Sesabamisad
gamoyeneba. bunebrivia, rom socialuri qcevis wesebi araa ise mkacrad
gansazRvruli, rogorc gramatikuli, magram Semswavleli unda flobdes
ara marto enobriv da sametyvelo saSualebebs, aramed unda icodes
qarTveli xalxis socialuri qcevis normebi, rom ar dauSvas
kulturaTmcodneobiTi uzustobebi. imisaTvis, rom araqarTvelma myarad
igrZnos Tavi saqarTveloSi cxovrebisas da dajerebuli iyos sakuTar
unar-CvevebSi unda flobdes garkveul codnas qveyanaTmcodneobaSi. e.i.
unda icodes saqarTvelos geografiuli mdgomareoba, mosaxleoba,
saxelmwifo da politikuri mowyoba, saSinao da sagareo politikis
ZiriTadi tendenciebi da a.S. am miznebidan gamomdinare sociokulturul
qcevaSi gaerTianda Semdegi sakiTxebi:
_ kontaqtis verbaluri saSualebebi
_ kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi
_ socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi
qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi Semdeg sakiTxebs aerTianebs:
_ geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
_ saqarTvelos kuTxeebi da qalaqebi
_ mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenloba
_ saxelmwifo struqtura
_ politika
− kultura
− ganaTleba
_ sakuTrebis formebi
_ religia
_ tradiciebi
_ janmrTeloba
_ dResaswaulebi
_ metruli sistemis Sesabamisoba
kulturuli aspeqtis aRwerilobaSi Cans sakomunikacio arealis
TandaTanobiTi gafarToeba, rogorc enobrivi, aseve informaciuli
TvalsazrisiT.
150
2.4.1 sociokulturuli qceva
A1 – enis gasaRebi
kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi
sxeulis moZraoba:
xelis CamorTmeva
araoficialuri misalmebisas an damSvidobebisas megobrebi, kargi nacnobi
an TanamSromeli kacebi xels arTmeven erTmaneTs. qalebSi, rogorc wesi,
xelis CamorTmeva miRebuli ar aris. qalebi umetesad kocniT xvdebian
erTmaneTs.
xelis CamorTmevas an kocnas, Cveulebriv axlavs verbaluri kontaqti
misalmebis an damSvidobebis formuliT.
Sexeba
araoficialur situaciaSi, xelis gayra, mklavze xelis mokideba, mxarze
xelis moxveva TanamosaubresTan keTilganwyobilebis gamoxatvaa.
megobruli, axlo urTierTobisas miRebulia xel-mklav gamodebuli
siaruli (rodesac qali da kaci an ori qali modis da ara kacebi).
moxveva, kocna
araoficialur situaciaSi megobrebi, kargi nacnobebi, naTesavebi erTmaneTs
exvevian da kocnian. es Cveulebriv xdeba xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg
Sexvedrisas. yoveldRiuri Sexvedrisas kocna miRebuli ar aris.
Jestebi
araoficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebi, rogorc wesi, uxvad iyeneben
Jestikulacias. magaliTad, Tavis gaqneva−uaryofis niSania, Tavis daqneva−Tanxmobis gamoxatvaa, xelebis gaSla – gakvirvebas gamoxatavs, saCvenebeli
TiTis safeTqelTan mitana – uazrobis, sisulelis niSania, gaSlili, win
gawvdili xelis mtevnis zemoT-qvemoT moZraoba damSvidobebas aRniSnavs,
mxrebis aCeCva – eWvis, arcodnis gamoxatvaa, yelTan saCvenebeli TiTis
mitana da gasma – mombezrda, yelSi amomividas niSnavs, ori TiTiT
yelis gamoweva – Txovnis aRmniSvnelia, aweuli ceri TiTi – kargia...
mimika
araoficialur viTarebaSic mimika did rols TamaSobs arasametyvelo
urTierTobisas. mimikiT saubari aseve miRebulia saqarTveloSi. magaliTad,
warbebis aweva – gakvirvebis niSania, warbebis SeWmuxvna – ukmayofilebas
niSnavs, kbilebis RrWiali, ybebis TamaSi – gabrazebis niSania, igi tkivilis
gamomxatvelic aris.
151
pozebi
araoficialur viTarebaSi ki araa miRebuli savarZelSi naxevrad
wamowolil mdgomareobaSi fexebis win gaweva, uzrdelobad iTvleba
fexebis magidaze an savarZlis saxelurze dadeba. megobrebis wreSi
yofnisas dasaSvebia xelebis Tavis ukan dawyoba. misaRebia fexis fexze
gadadeba, xelebis gadajvaredineba, xelis mtevanze nikapis Camodeba.
zrdilobis normebi
rogorc araoficialur, ise oficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebisaTvis
tradiciulad zrdilobis normebi erTnairia: qalis, moxucis, bavSvis
pativiscema – adgilis daTmoba transportSi, transportidan
gadmosvlisas xelis gawodeba, manqanis karis gamoReba da Cajdomis
Semdeg karis miketva, karebSi win gatareba (ucxoeTis bevr qveyanaSi
miRebulia, rom magaliTad, restoranSi kaci win Sedis). kaci fexze dgeba,
rodesac oTaxSi qali Sedis, kacebi quds ixdian SenobaSi Sesvlisas
(adre, Sexvedrisasac kacebi misalmebis niSnad quds uxdidnen erTmaneTs),
kaci elodeba, vidre pirvelad qali ar gauwvdis xels misalmebis niSnad.
152
A2 −−−−− safuZvlis done
kontaqtis verbaluri saSualebebi
wardgineba an TviTwardgineba gacnobisas
Sua xnis xalxs, rogorc wesi, waradgenen ase – icnobdeT, batoni petre/
batoni petre didebuliZe, an Tanamdeboba + batoni/qalbatoni + saxeli,
gvari: redaqtori qalbatoni ana WabaSvili;
TviTon pirovneba Tavis Tavs waradgens formuliT: me gaxlavarT giorgi
bagrationi, samecniero departamentis ufrosi. am wardginebis sapasuxo
formulaSi Tanamdeboba aRar figurirebs – sasiamovnoa Tqveni gacnoba
batono giorgi.
SesaZlebelia aseTi formulis gamoyenebac: batoni + Tanamdeboba/statusi
– batoni direqtori, batoni profesori, batoni ministri.
axalgazrdebs xSirad mxolod saxeliT waradgenen: gaicaniT, es Cveni
nikoa, an saxeli + gvari – niko dadiania an gaicaniT es mariamia, Tamaris
qaliSvili/es anis vaJia, dimitri. gamoiyeneba aseve kninobiTi saxeli –
niniko, aniko, vaniko, mixako, daTuCi.
telefoniT kontaqti
araoficialur viTarebaSi gamoiyeneba formula – saxeli + var/gawuxeb
+ gvari – kaxa var, ColoyaSvili, giorgi emxvari gawuxebT.
oficialur viTarebaSi meordeba zemoT warmodgenili formula odnavi
saxecvlilebiT – gamarjobaT, Tqven gawuxebT biblioTekis direqtori
nodar amirejibi. sapasuxo replika iqneba amgvari – diax, batono
direqtoro an gismenT, batono nodar.
werili
araoficialuri mimarTvisas gamoiyeneba formula (Cemo) Zvirfaso/(Cemo)
sayvarelo + saxeli – (Cemo) Zvirfaso nino, (Cemo) sayvarelo maiko, (Cemo)
usayvarleso bebo... werili SeiZleba dasruldes ase – siyvaruliT, Seni
naTia, axlo momavalSi Sexvedris imediT, giorgi, gkocni, Seni merabi...
oficialuri werili SeiZleba daiwyos amgvarad – (Rrmad)(pativcemulo)
batono/qalbatono + saxeli – batono giorgi, werilis dasasruli –
pativiscemiT, + saxeli, gvari – pativiscemiT, nino abaSiZe.
153
kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi
sxeulis moZraoba:
xelis CamorTmeva
oficialur situaciaSi, vTqvaT, pirveli Sexvedrisas, xels uwvdis asakiT
an mdgomareobiT ufrosi qali kacs, rogorc misalmebisas, aseve
damSvidobebisas. xeli arc Zalian magrad da arc zedmetad modunebulad
ar unda CamovarTvaT. politikosebs Soris gavrcelebulia orive xelis
CamorTmeva, rac CvenSi mainc da mainc miRebuli ar aris.
Sexeba, Jestebi, mimika
Sexeba, moxveva, kocna, Jestebi da mimika oficialur situaciaSi miRebuli
ar aris. Tanamedrove oficialuri Sexvedrebi xelis CamorTmeviT
Semoifargleba, gamoiyeneba minimaluri Jestikulacia, oficialuri stili
xasiaTdeba TavSekavebulobiTa da naklebi emociurobiT.
Tvalebis roli
qarTvelebi advilad saurTierTo xalxia. saubris dros miRebulia
erTmaneTisTvis TvalebSi yureba. Tvalis arideba – aragulwrfelobisas,
tyuilis niSania, Tvalis miStereba – Tavxedobis, gaumarTlebeli
moTxovnis, an aragulwrfelobis dafarvis niSania.
raki oficialur viTarebaSi Jest-mimikis roli dayvanilia minimumamde,
amitom Tvalebi did rols TamaSobs kontaqtis SesanarCuneblad.
urTierTobis distancia
araoficialur viTarebaSi
saqarTveloSi megobrebis Sexvedrisas urTierTobis distancia
daaxloebiT mklavSi moxrili xelis daSorebazea. e.i. is ufro moklea,
vidre aRmosavleTSi, sadac ara xelis CamorTmeviT, aramed Tavis daxriT
esalmebian erTmaneTs.
oficialur Sexvedrebze urTierTobis distancia orjer-samjer ufro
izrdeba.
154
socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi
stumrobis ritualebi:
araoficialuri stumrobis dro
megobrul viTarebaSi stumrad umetesad saxlSi SabaTs an kviras
(SesaZlebelia kviris nebismier dResac) dabadebis dReze, qorwilSi,
ZeobaSi an Wiris sufraze – qelexSi, ormocze, wlisTavze sadilad (14-15-
16 saaTidan) an vaxSmad (18-19 saaTidan) patiJeben Cveulebriv, ramdenime
dRiT adre. sufraze dagvianeba sasurveli ar aris, magram xSirad xdeba
xolme. sufrasTan gatarebuli dro Seesabameba mowvevis mizezs – lxinis
sufris dro ganusazRvrelia. mas ZiriTadad Tamada gansazRvravs. Wiris
sufraze dro met-naklebad limitirebulia, daaxloebiT ori saaTi.
dapatiJeba xdeba umetesad telefoniT. werilobiT zogjer patiJeben
did wveulebebze – qorwilSi, saiubileo dabadebis dReze. didi wveulebebi
umetesad restoranSi ewyoba.
stumrad Tavis daWera
maspinZloba saqarTveloSi Zalian delikatur doneze xdeba. stumari
iseve komfortulad unda grZnobdes Tavs, rogorc sakuTar saxlSi.
aperativi an furSeti miRebuli ar aris. stumrebis miReba xdeba Tavidanve
sufrasTan. sasmeli (sxvadasxvanairi, ZiriTad ki Rvino) da civi kerZebi
sufraze awyvia. cxeli kerZebi Semodis TandaTan sufris mimdinareobis
kvaldakval. bolos Cai an yava, namcxvrebi, torti, muraba Semodis sufraze.
maspinZlebi stumrebs xSir-xSirad sTavazoben axlad Semotanili kerZis
gadaRebas. sufraze Tamada sargeblobs ganusazRvreli uflebebiT, Tumca
amis miuxedavad, sufris mimdinareoba demokratiis nimuSia. Tamadis
warmoTqmul sadRegrZelos sufris wevrebi ganavrcoben da Sesvamen.
sufraze awyvia Rvinis Wiqebi, romlebic yoveli sadRegrZelos win ivseba.
sadRegrZelos mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, Tamadam SeiZleba
gansxvavebuli sasmisi moiTxovos. saqarTveloSi ludiT sadRegrZelos
ar warmoTqvamen. sufris dasrulebis Semdeg stumrebi emSvidobebian
maspinZlebs da madlobas uxdian keTili maspinZlobisaTvis.
saCuqrebi
stumrad misvlisas diasaxlisisaTvis miaqvT yvavilebis Taiguli, an sunamo,
mamakacisaTvis raime sasmeli.
Tu gansakuTrebuli dRe aRiniSneba, magaliTad, dabadebis dRe, iubile,
qorwili, bavSvis dabadeba, Sesaferisad arCeven saCuqars – dabadebis
dRisa Tu saiubileo TariRisaTvis − asakisa da mdgomareobidan
gamomdinare, suvenirebs, xelovnebis nimuSs, wigns, kosmetikas, parfiumerias,
halstuxs... qorwilze – TeTreuls, WurWels, sxvadasxva saojaxo nivTebs,
Zalian axloblebi xSirad fuls Cuqnian. axalSobils ki misTvis
aucilebel samomxmareblo sagnebs, tansacmels an raime Zvirfas nivTs
usaxsovreben xolme.
155
Cacmuloba
araoficialuri stumrobisas xalxi yoveldRiurobisagan gansxvavebuli,
gamorCeuli tansacmliT midis. axloblebTan stumrobisas grZeli saRamos
kaba da smokingi miRebuli ar aris.
sasaubro Temebi
araoficialur garemoSi megobrebi ZiriTadad saubroben ojaxur
mdgomareobaze, amindze, aSuqeben kulturul cxovrebas, janmrTelobas.
didi gaxaliseba da sicil-xarxari mohyveba xolme anekdotebis, mxiaruli
istoriebis moyolas. sufraze aucileblad mRerian, ukraven, cekvaven.
bolo periodSi didi dro eTmoba politikur movlenebze saubars.
qaTinaurebi
qarTvelebs uyvarT komplimentebi. qalebi erTmaneTs xSirad uqeben
tansacmels, fexsacmels, Tmis varcxnilobas, garegnul formas.
komplimentze meore mxare pasuxobs SekiTxvas − marTla? marTla mixdeba?
marTla mogwons? madlobT, komplimentisTvis.
156
B1 − zRvruli done
socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi
oficialuri Sexvedrebis ritualebi:
msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi didi gansxvaveba ar aris oficialur,
saqmian vizitebs Soris. saqmiani Sexvedrebi SesaZloa sauzmobisas, sadilze
an vaxSmad (rogorc wesi an restoranSi, an firmaSi).
saqmian Sexvedraze mowveva xdeba an werilobiT an telefoniT. dagvianeba
Zalian arasasurvelia.
saqmiani Sexvedrisas TariRi ukeTesia rac adre iqneba SeTanxmebuli.
aseTi Sexvedrebisas winaswar gansazRvrulia stumrebis raodenoba, maTi
adgilebi magidasTan, Sexvedris drois xangrZlivoba.
oficialur Sexvedraze qcevis normebi
saqmiani Sexvedrebi sauzmeze, sadilze Tu vaxSamze TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi
erTnair garemoSi mimdinareobs. SesaZloa furSeti, warmoiTqmis
sadRegrZeloebi oRond ufro SezRudul raodenobiT, vidre megobruli
Sexvedrebisas. sadRegrZeloebis Sinaarsic ufro konkretuli saqmis
irgvliv trialebs, miRebulia Wiqebis Waxunic. Sexvedris kargad
dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZloa zepiri an werilobiTi madlobis gadaxda.
saCuqrebi, suvenirebi
saqmiani partniorebis erTi meoriT dainteresebis xarisxisa da
statusidan gamomdinare Cveulebriv Cuqnian xolme erTmaneTs bloknotebs,
kalmistrebs, qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel simbolikas – Rvinos, erovnul
suvenirebs, wignebs, albomebs.
Cacmuloba
oficialuri Sexvederebisas zogjer mosawvev baraTze aris miTiTebuli
tansacmlis saxeoba. restoranSi qali SeiZleba mivides grZeli saRamos
kabiT, kaci − smokingiT. saqmian partniorebTan Sexvedrisas kacebi
Cveulebriv icvamen kostiums, ikeTeben halstuxs.
sasaubro Temebi
saqmiani sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tu dro SezRuduli ar aris, SesaZloa
mimdinare kulturul da politikur sakiTxebze iyos msjeloba.
qarTvelebi Zalian afaseben mosaubris farTo interesebis sferos,
mravalmxriv ganaTlebas, amitom saintereso Temebia poezia, xelovneba,
sporti, ekonomika, filosofia, musika...
qaTinaurebi
oficialur garemoSi kompliments ZiriTadad eubnebian karg gamomsvlels,
mowonebas imsaxurebs muSaobis warmatebuli Sedegebis gamovlena. emociebi
TavSekavebulia, magram reaqcia cxadad da naTlad vlindeba.
157
B2 – zRvruli ganviTarebuli done
codnis kompleqsi, romelic aucilebelia qarTuli enis Seswavlisas
warmodgenilia sam ganakveTSi:
I eTnografiuli
II enobrivi
III profesionaluri
eTnografiuli informacia
es informacia moicavs ZiriTadad qveyanaTmcodneobiT cnobebs, magram
Semswavleli unda flobdes wina doneebTan SedarebiT ufro dawvrilebiT
informacias, raTa srulyofilad SeZlos profesionalur urTierTobaSi
Tavisi miznebis realizacia.
saqarTvelo warmoadgens mravalerovan da mravalenovan saxelmwifos
Tavisi rTuli istoriuli warsuliTa da kulturuli memkvidreobiT.
garda eTnikuri gansxvavebulobisa (azerbaijaneli, somexi, berZeni, rusi,
daRestneli mosaxleoba...) TviT qarTvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
mravalgvari kuTxuri gansxvaveba, romelic ganpirobebulia geografiuli
garemoTi. swored am kuTxurma gansxvavebebma gamoiwvia enobrivi,
dialeqturi, gansxvavebac.
XX saukunisa da XXI saukunis gariJraJis saqarTvelos istoriis ZiriTadi
movlenebi:
− ruseTis imperiis rRveva da 1917 wlis oqtombris revolucia
− saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopoveba – 1918 w.
− saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargva da sabWoTa kavSiris
SemadgenlobaSi Sesvla – 1921 w.
− sabWoTa represiebis periodi – 1937-1938 ww.− didi samamulo omi 1941-1945 ww.
− perestroika 1985-1991 ww.− kidev erTxel damoukideblobis mopoveba 1991 w.
− SevardnaZis mmarTveloba 1992-2003 ww.
− vardebis revolucia 2003 w.
158
saqarTvelos gavleniani pirebi
saqarTvelos gavleniani pirebi arian: prezidenti, misi administracia,
misi partia, parlamentis Tavmjdomare, parlamentarebi, ministrebi,
sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli organoebi, prokuratura.
gavlenian pirebs miekuTvnebian masmediis warmomadgenlebi, kulturis
muSakebi, didi bankirebi, msxvili kompaniebis mflobelebi.
enobrivi informacia
enobrivi informacia moicavs im leqsikur da stilistur saSualebebs,
romlebic dakavSirebulia qarTuli kulturis erovnul specifikasTan.
sazogado arsebiTi saxelebi , romlebic gamoxataven qarTul
sinamdvilesa da yofas:
xati, ferwera, arqiteqtura, kaxuri qedi, Coxa, CurCxela, Romi, SoTi, maWari,
mWadi, sacavi da sxva.
konotatiuri, an simboluri mniSvnelobis matarebeli leqsikuri
erTeulebi:
Tbilisi − centraluri xelisufleba
bermuxa − Zlieri, pativsacemi adamiani
caltvina − uWkuo adamianirqiani − xepre adamianivazi/Rvino − saqarTvelo
sakuTari saxelebi:
erekle, giorgi, daviTi, vaJa, akaki, mixeili, nino, nana, mariami, qeTevani,
Tamari...
oikonimebi:
jarianTi, TvaldamwvarianTi, giJvracua, seroJa, karapeta...
dReisTvis gavrcelebuli saxelebi:
laSa, jaba, zviadi, gio, anastasia, nato, qeTi, nuca...
im gmirTa saxelebi, romlebmac miiRes gadataniTi mniSvneloba:
TaTqariZe – zarmaci, msunagi. WiWikia – xumara, anekdoturi pirovneba;
mixo – kaxeli glexi, dajildoebuli iumoris grZnobiT...
geografiuli saxelebi, romlebsac farTo asociaciuri foni gaaCnia:
marabda, krwanisi, dmanisi, alazani da a.S.
159
frazeologizmebi :
qoneba qars gaatana; kedels cercvi Seayare.
aforizmebi :
xams moyvare moyvrisaTvis;
rasaca gascem Senia, rac ara dakargulia.
profesiuli informacia :
oficialur molaparakebaze qarTvelebi seriozulad iqcevian, an bevrs
laparakoben Jest-mimikis meSveobiT; uyvarT iumoris gamoyeneba da
TviTonac reagireben sxvis iumorze, iRimebian, xSirad xmamaRla xarxareben.
qarTvelebs axasiaTebT individualizmi, yvelas surs iyos pirveli,
prezidenti, direqtori...
Tu oficialur warmomadgenels ara aqvs sakmao rwmuneba, spontanuri
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, is aWianurebs molaparakebebs zemdgom
organosTan SeTanxmebamde.
sxvadasxva sakiTxze msjelobisas qarTvelebs uyvarT avtoritetebze
apelireba, argumentad iyeneben andazebs, frTian gamoTqmebs da
TavgamodebiT amtkiceben mis siswores.
Tanxmobis an mowonebis niSnad mamakacebi mxarze utyapuneben erTmaneTs
xelebs.
oficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebi icaven administraciul ierarqias.
saqmiani urTierTobis sferoSi tradiciulad iTvleba erovnuli
saCuqrebis mirTmeva, qarTul sufraze mipatiJeba.
oficialur Sexvedrisas Cveulebriv ar saubroben ojaxze, pirad
cxovrebaze.
saqmiani urTierTobisas pozitiuri mniSvneloba aqvs pirad kontaqtebs,
pirad nacnobobas.
seriozuli sakiTxebi qarTul sufrasTan xSirad ufro dadebiTad wydeba.
160
2.4.2 ZiriTadi qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi
A2 – safuZvlis done
qveyanaTmcodneobiTi kompetenciebis mizania, rom saqarTvelos araqarTveli
mosaxleoba srulad CarTuli iyos samoqalaqo integraciis procesSi,
xolo aq Camosulma ucxoelebma Tavisuflad/komfortulad igrZnon
Tavi. amisTvis, adaptaciis ama Tu im etapze maT unda hqondeT garkveuli
codna saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.
zogierTi aucilebeli cnoba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
saqarTvelo mdebareobs kaspiisa da Sav zRvas Soris, didi kavkasionis
samxreT ferdobze. aRmosavleTidan mas esazRvreba azerbaijani,
samxreTidan ki TurqeTi da somxeTi.
saqarTvelos ZiriTadi mdinareebia – mtkvari, alazani, iori, aragvi (aRm.
saqarTvelo), rioni, enguri, bzifi, kodori, cxeniswyali (das. saqarTvelo).
mTebi – myinvarwveri (aRm. saqarTvelo), uSba, TeTnuldi (das. saqarTvelo)...
ZiriTadi qalaqebia – Tbilisi, gori, Telavi, gurjaani (aRm. saqarTvelo,
quTaisi, baTumi, foTi (das. saqarTvelo). qarTvelebis garda saqarTveloSi
cxovroben azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, rusebi, afxazebi, osebi, berZnebi...
qarTveli mosaxleoba tolerantulia sxva eris warmomadgenelTa
mimarT. aq ar aris rasobrivi Cagvra.
B1 – zRvruli done
zogierTi cnoba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos geografiulma mdebareobam ganapiroba misi bunebis
mravalferovneba. igi mdebareobs evraziis alpuri danaoWebis sartyelSi.
misi reliefi warmodgenilia maRali, saSualo da dabali mTebiT, zegnebiTa
da vakeebiT. saqarTvelos havac mravalferovania. dasavleT saqarTveloSi
notio subtropikuli havaa, aRmosavleTSi – mSrali da zomierad notio
subtropikuli. samxreT saqarTvelos hava kontinenturia.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebi (mtkvari, Tergi, alazani, iori, aragvi,
algeTi, liaxvi, qsani...) miekuTvneba kaspiis zRvis auzs. dasavleT
saqarTvelos mdinareebi (rioni, Woroxi, enguri, cxeniswyali, kodori, bzifi,
yvirila...) miekuTvneba Savi zRvis auzs.
saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani tbebia: faravani, paliastomi, tabawyuri,
jandari, bazaleTi, riwa...
161
saqarTvelos dRevandeli teritoria da mis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare
miwebi uZvelesi droidan dasaxlebuli iyo monaTesave qarTveluri tomebiT,
romelTa xangrZlivi urTierTkavSirisa da Serwymis Sedegad warmoiSva
qarTveli xalxi da rogorc erTiani saxelmwifo Camoyalibda XI saukunis
dasawyisSi. sabWoTa periodSi saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda
aWaris avtonomiuri respublika, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublika da
samxreT ruseTis avtonomiuri olqi. dRes-dReobiT am or ukanasknelze
saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia ar vrceldeba. isini mxolod formalurad
rCebian saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi.
saqarTvelos bunebis msgavsad eTnikuri Semadgenlobac mravalferovania.
saqarTveloSi cxovroben azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, rusebi, ebraelebi,
ukrainelebi, berZnebi, afxazebi, osebi...
saqarTvelo iyofa kuTxeebad – qarTli, kaxeTi, imereTi, guria, samegrelo,
raWa, leCxumi, svaneTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, aWara, fSavi, xevsureTi, gudamayari,
xevi, TuSeTi.
qarTuli samwerlobo ena qarTl-kaxur dialeqts efuZneba.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTis avtonomiur
respublikaSi agreTve afxazuri (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 8).
B2 – zRvruli done
politikuri wyobileba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikuri wyobilebis forma aris
demokratiuli respublika. misi saxelwodebaa saqarTvelo.
qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo aris saqarTvelos
parlamenti, romelic axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas,
gansazRvravs qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs,
konstituciiT gansazRvrul farglebSi kontrols uwevs mTavrobis
saqmianobas da axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs (saqarTvelos
konstitucia, muxli 48).
saqarTvelos prezidenti warmarTavs da axorcielebs saxelmwifos
saSinao da sagareo politikas. igi uzrunvelyofs qveynis erTianobas
da mTlianobas, saxelmwifo organoTa saqmianobas konstituciis
Sesabamisad. saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgenelia
sagareo urTierTobaSi (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 69).
mTavroba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis
ganxorcielebas. mTavroba pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos prezidentisa
da parlamentis winaSe (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 78).
mTavrobis Tavjdomarea premier-ministri.
162
erovnul umciresobebTan da
ucxoel moqalaqeebTan damokidebuleba
saqarTvelos moqalaqeni Tanasworni arian socialur, ekonomikur,
kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi ganurCevlad maTi erovnuli,
eTnikuri, religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvnilebisa. sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
principebisa da normebis Sesabamisad maT ufleba aqvT TavisTavad,
yovelgvari diskriminaciisa da Carevis gareSe ganaviTaron TavianTi
kultura, isargeblon TavianTi deda eniT pirad cxovrebaSi da sajarod.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebisa da
normebis Sesabamisad, umciresobaTa uflebebis ganxorcieleba ar unda
ewinaaRmdegebodes saqarTvelos suverenitets, saxelmwifo wyobilebas,
teritoriul mTlianobasa da politikur damoukideblobas (saqarTvelos
konstitucia, muxli 38).
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb ucxoel moqalaqeebs da moqalaqeobis aramqone
pirebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis Tanabari uflebani da movaleobani aqvT,
garda konstituciiTa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa
(saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 47).
kultura
saxelmwifo xels uwyobs kulturis ganviTarebas, kulturul cxovrebaSi
moqalaqeTa SeuzRudav monawileobas, kulturuli TviTmyofadobis
gamovlinebasa da gamdidrebas, erovnul da zogadsakacobrio
RirebulebaTa aRiarebas da saerTaSoriso kulturul urTierTobaTa
gaRrmavebas.
saqarTvelos yoveli moqalaqe valdebulia zrunavdes kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacva-SenarCunebaze. kulturul memkvidreobas saxelmwifo
icavs kanoniT (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 34).
ganaTleba
yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba
(saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 35).
janmrTeloba
yvelas aqvs ufleba isargeblos janmrTelobis dazRveviT, rodesac
xelmisawvdomi samedicino daxmarebis saSualebiT. kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT gansazRvrul pirobebSi uzrunvelyofilia ufaso samedicino
daxmareba (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 37).
sakuTrebis formebi
sakuTreba da memkvidreobis ufleba aRiarebuli da uzrunvelyofilia.
dauSvebelia sakuTrebis, misi SeZenis, gasxvisebis an memkvidreobiT miRebis
sayovelTao uflebis gauqmeba (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 21).
163
inteleqtualuri Semoqmedebis Tavisufleba uzrunvelyofilia.
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis ufleba xelSeuvalia (saqarTvelos
konstitucia, muxli 23).
religia
saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas,
amasTan erTad aRiarebs saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi
da mis damoukideblobas saxelmwifosagan.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis urTierToba ganisazRvreba konstituciuri
SeTanxmebiT. konstituciuri SeTanxmeba srulad unda Seesabamebodes
saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebs da normebs,
kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa sferoSi
(saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 9).
dResaswaulebi
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo uqmeebi
1-2 ianvari axali weli
7 ianvari Soba
19 ianvari naTlisReba
3 marti dedis dRe
8 marti qalTa saerTaSoriso dRe
9 aprili saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRe
9 maisi faSizmze gamarjvebis dRe
12 maisi mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis dRe
26 maisi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis dRe
24 agvisto konstituciis dRe
28 agvisto mariamoba
14 oqtomberi sveticxovloba
23 noemberi giorgoba
religiuri dResaswaulebi
udidesi saeklesio dResaswaulia brwyinvale aRdgoma uflisa RmerTisa
macxovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi.
aTormetTagan moZravni: bzoba, amaRleba, sulTmofenoba.
aTormetTagan uZravni: 7 ianvari − Soba
19 ianvari − naTlisReba
15 Tebervali − mirqma
7 aprili − xareba
19 agvisto − feriscvaleba
164
28 agvisto − mariamoba
21 seqtemberi − RvTismSoblis Soba
27 seqtemberi − jvarTamaRleba
4 dekemberi − taZrad miyvana
yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa
garda amisa, arsebobs didi religiuri dResaswaulebi, micvalebulTa
moxseniebis dReebi, saeklesio samaxsovro dReebi, marxvebi, xsnili dReebi
da a.S.
metruli sistema
saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynebis metrul sistemaSi garkveuli
gansxvavebebia. magaliTad,
1 diuimi 2,54 sm. 1 funti 0,4536 kg.
1 funti 0,3048 m. 1 pinta 0,568 l.
1 iardi 0,9144 m. 1 galoni 4,546 l.
1 saxmeleTo mili 1,609 km. 1 bareli 163,65 l.
1 sazRvao mili 1,852 km.
165
3 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi
mozardi SemswavlelebisaTvis
es Tavi warmoadgens saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministros mier qarTuli enis flobis doneebis dadgenil standarts
araqarTveli moswavleebisaTvis.
!
sametyvelo funqciebi
rubrika I klasi II klasi III klasi 1.1 socialuri
urTierTobebi
misalmeba gamarjoba! /
gamarjoba(T)! dila
_ mSvidobisa! /
gamarjoba(T)!
salami! / saRamo
mSvidobisa!
mogesalmebiT!
mokiTxva rogor xar? /
rogor xarT?
_ kargad.
rogor brZandebiT? rogor gikiTxoT?
damSvidobeba naxvamdis! kargad
brZandebodeT!
Rame mSvidobisa!
madlobis
gadaxda
gmadlobT! didi madloba! madlobeli var!
mobodiSeba bodiSi! didi bodiSi! ukacravad!
mapatieT!
Tavaziani
mimarTva
Tqven... (rogor
xarT?)
rogor brZandebiT?
batono /
qalbatono
deda rogor
brZandeba?
wardgena, gacnoba me var... / es aris... gaicaniT, es aris... icnobdeT, es Cemi
megobaria.
milocva gilocav dabadebis
dRes! / gilocav
axal wels!
gilocavT axal
wels! _ Cvenc
gilocavT!
gilocavT axal
saswavlo wels!
daTanxmeba, uari diax / ara ki, ho... kargi.
waxaliseba yoCaR! / kargia! Zalian kargia! brwyinvalea!
interaqcia
sufrasTan
miirTviT! _ didi
madloba! /
gmadlobT!
inebeT! _
gmadlobT!
gemrielad
miirTviT.
Txovna SeiZleba wavide?
SeiZleba movide?
SeiZleba gavide?
Tu SeiZleba,
gaval? Tu
SeiZleba, Semoval?
damSvideba ara uSavs! araferia!
gafrTxileba frTxilad iyavi!
telefoniT
saubari
Tu SeiZleba,
giorgis sTxoveT.
1.2 informaciis gacvla
piradi
monacemebi:
ra gqvia Sen? _ me
mqvia... ra gvari
ra hqvia mas? _ mas
hqvia... ramdeni
saidan xar(T)? _ me
Tbilisidan var.
166
saxeli, gvari,
asaki, misamarTi
xar? _ me var...
ramdeni wlis xar?
_ me var 7 wlis...
sad cxovrob? _ me
vcxovrob...
wlis aris ...? _ is
aris 8 wlis... sad
cxovrobs is? _ is
cxovrobs ...
_vin xar(T) Tqven?
_ me moswavle var.
erovnebis da
warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb
me vcxovrob
saqarTveloSi.
me var somexi/rusi/
azerbaijaneli/
qarTveli
telefonis
nomeri
Cemi telefonis
nomeria...
dabadebis dRe Cemi dabadebis
dRea 15 noembers
ojaxi vin gyavs Sen? _ me
myavs deda, / mama, /
da, Zma
ra hqvia dedaSens?
mamaSens? Sens Zmas/
das?
saqmianoba me var moswavle is aris skolis
moswavle
identificireba
pirovnebis /
sagnis
vin aris is? _ is
aris biWi, / gogona
ra aris es? _ es
aris kata...
is aris / ar aris
moswavle
janmrTelobis
Sesaxeb
rogor xar? _
kargad / cudad
rogor xar(T)? _
arc ise kargad /
arc ise cudad
gaciebuli var.
maxvelebs.
Maceminebs.
TariRi dRes aris 15
noemberi (Tveebis
saxelebi)
drois aRricxva ra dRea dRes? _
dRes aris
orSabaTi...
ra dRea da ra
ricxvia dRes?
romelia
gazafxulis
Tveebi?
_gazafxulis
Tveebia...
(weliwadis droebi
da Tveebi)
saqmianobis,
aqtivobis Sesaxeb
ras akeTeb? _ me
vxatav. ras akeTebs
gogona? _ gogona
xatavs, wers...
amindis Sesaxeb rogori amindia
dRes? _ dRes
kargi/cudi
amindia... civa? _
civa/ ar civa
cxela? - cxela/ar
cxela
wvims. Tovs. / ar
wvims. ar Tovs.
dRes mziani/
Rrubliani amindia
survilis Sesaxeb wyali ginda? _
minda/ ar minda
me minda xatva, /
TamaSi...
me Zalian minda...
TviTgamoxatva me momwons / me ar
momwons
me miyvars / me ar
miyvars
me Zalian minda/
momwons/miyvars...
sayidlebze ra Rirs?
167
Tavisufali
drois Sesaxeb
vkiTxulob/ vukrav
pianinos/
vaTvaliereb
1.3 aRwera,
daxasiaTeba
adamianis
garegnoba
rogoria is? _ is
maRalia,/dabalia,
lamazia
me maqvs Savi Tma,
ori xeli, ori
fexi... is aris
qera / TeTri...
is aris msuqani/
gamxdari/maRali/da
bali
adamianis
Cacmuloba
me macvia Savi
Sarvali, kaba...
mas acvia
qvedakaba/zedatani/
TeTri perangi
adamianis xasiaTi rogoria is? _ is
keTilia,/ Wkviania,/
kargia, cudia, /
sulelia...
is aris mxiaruli /
mowyenili
is uWkuoa,
ulamazoa...
sagnis aRwera rogoria is? is
aris
didi,/patara,/mokle
/grZeli
mrgvali, feradi... es aris samkuTxa,
oTxkuTxa...
cxovelis aRwera
/ ras Sveba
cxoveli /
frinveli?
ZaRli, kata... lomi,
mgeli... cxovelia...
qaTami, bati...
beRura, bulbuli...
frinvelia...
es ZaRli aris
Savi, / TeTri, /
Wreli...
ZaRli, kata
Sinauri cxovelia...
lomi, mgeli
gareuli cxovelia
1.4 gemovnebis
gamoxatva
Zalian
lamazia/mSvenieria..
.
1.5 Sefaseba,
damokidebuleba
mowoneba,
armowoneba
mogwons? _ diax,
momwons,/ara, ar
momwons
Zalian kargia, /
lamazia, / didia...
arc ise kargia,
arc ise lamazia...
dadebiTi,
uaryofiTi
Sefaseba
sworia! ar aris
swori!
swori ar xar
kargad ar moiqca
sakuTari
poziciis
gamoxatva
rogoria? _
kargia/cudia...
Zalian kargia /
cudia
me ar momwons, me
ar miyvars...
grZnobebis,
emociis
gamoxatva
mixaria! Zalian mixaria!
Zalian bednieri
var!
1.6 SegrZnebebis
gamoxatva
gciva(T)? _mciva,/ar
mciva gcxela(T)? _
mcxela,/ar mcxela
arc ise ar civa /
arc ise ar cxela;
meZineba / ar
meZineba
1.7 saWiroebis,
survilis
gamoxatva
168
saWiroeba me minda/ar minda me Zalian minda ... me mWirdeba. me ar
mWirdeba...
1.8 emociis
gamoxatva
sixaruli ra kargia! ra bednierebaa!
sinanuli ra cudia! ra saSinelebaa!
brazi me (Zalian)
gabrazebuli var!
brazob? _ar
vbrazob?
eWvi, varaudi SeiZleba, ar
movides. SeiZleba
movides.
gakvirveba marTla?
SiSi me meSinia / ar
meSinia ZaRlis...
interesi sainteresoa / ar
aris saintereso
indiferentuloba ara uSavs!
araferia!
1.9 droSi
orientireba
droSi ganTavseba dRes, / axla erTxel erTi wuTiT!
rodis daibade?
rodis moxval?
qronologia xuTi saaTia. xuTis
naxevaria.
sixSire xandaxan, / xSirad
vxatav
zogjer, arasdros,
iSviaTad
xangrZlivoba didi xania / arc
ise didi xania...
1.10 sivrceSi
orientireba
adgilmdebareoba sad aris is?_is
aris oTaxSi.sad
aris wigni?_wigni
aris magidaze
maRazia aris
axlos / Sors...
saxlTan, saxlTan
axlos, saxlidan
Sors
mimarTuleba saxlis pirdapir,
saxlisken
1.11 logikuri
kavSiris
gamoxatva
mizezi, Sedegi,
opozicia
imitom, rom...
1.12 nebarTva,
valdebuleba,
akrZalva
Tu SeiZleba? _
SeiZleba, / ar
SeiZleba
momeci, Tu
SeiZleba wigni! ar
daxato! ar dawero!
es ar unda
gaakeTo, unda
gaakeTo
1.13 interaqcia
saklaso oTaxSi
maswavleblis
miTiTebebi
adeqi(T)!
dajeqi!/dasxediT!
gadaSale(T)
wign(eb)i! gamodi(T)
swrafad! xeli
aswie(T)! Sexede(T)
dafas! yuradRebiT
momismineT!
yuradRebiT iyaviT!
daiyaviT jgufebad!
gaakeTeT swrafad!
nu CqarobT! ras
169
dafasTan!
waSale(T) dafa!
siCume! Cumad!
iTamaSe(T)!
Sexede(T)!
momismine(T)!
gavimeoroT erTad!
daxate(T)! vin aris
dRes?/vin ar aris
dRes?
mipasuxe kiTxvaze!
Tqvi(T) qarTulad!
ra aris suraTze?
saSinao davaleba...
ityvi amis Sesaxeb?
SegiZlia aRwero?
SegiZlia
daaxasiaTo?
mimarTvebi,
SekiTxvebi
maswavleblisadmi
gavide? Semovide? Tu SeiZleba,
damexmareT!
SeiZleba davxato?
ra gvaqvs
davaleba?
leqsika
rubrika
I klasi II klasi IIIklasi
2.1 individi
sxeuli Tavi, tani, Tma,
saxe, Tval(eb)i,
yur(eb)i, cxviri,
piri, xel(eb)i,
fex(eb)i,
tuC(eb)i, kbil(eb)i,
ena, muxli.
TiT(eb)i, mkerdi,
zurgi, muceli...
kiseri, yeli,
mkerdi, muceli,
mklavi, maja, xelis
mtevani, frCxilebi,
idayvi, terfi,
wvivi
garegnoba lamazi, uSno,
grZeli, mokle,
didi, patara,
maRali, dabali,
axalgazrda,
moxuci
msuqani, gamxdari,
swori / xuWuWi
Tma, TeTri, qera,
Savgvremani...
Zalian lamazi,
mSvenieri, mrgvali
saxe/saxis, kexiani
cxviri...
daxasiaTeba kargi, cudi,
keTili, boroti,
Wkviani, suleli,
Zlieri, susti
gonieri, uWkuo,
mxiaruli,
mowyenili., Tamami,
morcxvi...
seriozuli,
bejiTi, zarmaci,
Sromismoyvare,
uqnara
tansacmlis
aqsesuarebi
kaba, Sarvali,
fexsacmeli,
winda/windebi,
qvedakaba, zedatani,
perangi, palto,
qudi, CanTa
sawvimari, qolga,
Jaketi, Ceqmebi,
qamari, axali
palto, lamazi
kaba, Custebi...
saTvale, mzis
saTvale, feris...,
svitri, qurTuki,
Jileti, CanTa,
zurgCanTa,
xelCanTa,
gulsabnevi...
higiena savarcxeli
pirsaxoci, saponi,
jagrisi
xelis/saxis/piris/
fexis dabana,
kbilis jagrisi,
kbilis pasta,
bavSvis pirsaxoci...
Sampuni, abazana,
saabazano oTaxi,
banaobs
170
janmrTeloba/
avadmyofoba
eqimi, kargad var,/
cudad var/ avad
var
avadaa, sicxe aqvs,
gaciebulia,
axvelebs,
aceminebs...
janmrTeli,
avadmyofi...
wamali, afTiaqi,
bavSvis eqimi,
wamlis daleva
Sefaseba da
emociuri
reaqciebi
kargad, cudad Zalian kargad,
Zalian cudad,....
gaxarebuli,
nawyeni,
gabrazebuli,
daRonebuli
2.2 individis garemocva
adamianebi kaci, qali,
bavSv(eb)i, xalxi,
amxanagi, biWi,
gogo(na), cxoveli,
lekvi, knuti.
moxuci qali /
kaci, axalgazrda
biWi / gogona,
xanSiSesuli,
mezobeli, naTesavi,
axlobeli
ojaxi /
naTesavebi
ojaxi, deda, mama,
Svili, da, Zma,
bebia, babua...
SviliSvili,
mSoblebi,
qaliSvili,
vaJiSvili...
biZaSvili,
mamidaSvili,
deidaSvili
cxovelTa
samyaro
cxovelebia: ZaRli,
kata, cxvari, Rori,
Txa, cxeni, Zroxa;
mela, daTvi, mgeli,
spilo, iremi,
kurdReli... Tagvi,
frinvelebia:
qaTami, mamali,
bati, ixvi, Citi...
lomi, vefxvi,
maimuni, niangi,
behemoTi...
pepela,futkari,
buzi... ciyvi...
lekvi, knuti, goWi,
Tikani, kvici, xbo,
wiwila... ZaRli
yefs, cxeni
Wixvinebs, kata
knavis...
Sinauri / gareuli
cxovelebi...
zRapris samyaro mefe, dedofali,
ufliswuli,
sasaxle,
jadoqari... princi,
princesa
jadosnuri joxi,
jadoqroba, Raribi
kaci, mdidari
kaci...
feria, jadosnuri
sarke,
mojadoebuli
saxli, uqnara,
zarmaci, Raribi,
Rataki, juja, devi
buneba mze, ca, mTvare,
dedamiwa,
varskvlav(eb)i,
mdinare, qva, xe,
yvavili, foToli,
mze anaTebs...
gube, tba, zRva,
gora, mTa, tye...
okeane.. mwvervali.
planeta, samyaro
bunebis
movlenebi
sicxe, sicive,
wvima, Tovli, qari
yinva, nisli,
setyva, Tovlis
fifqi, kargi
amindi, cudi
amindi...
mzis Casvla /
amosvla, xmeleTi,
wyali
geografiuli
dasaxelebebi
saqarTvelo,
qalaqi, sofeli
qveyana, dedaqalaqi,
javaxeTi, qvemo
qarTli...
daba, raioni.
171
saxelmwifos
atributebi
saxelmwifo,
prezidenti, droSa,
erovneba: qarTveli,
somexi,
azerbaijaneli,
rusi, berZeni...
saqarTvelos
gerbi,
saqarTvelos himni;
qalaqi qalaqi, quCa,
maRazia, manqana,
gza, Senoba.
parki, baRi.
gadasasvleli,
SuqniSani (wiTeli,
yviTeli, mwvane)
transporti
sofeli mindori, yvavili,
balaxi, ezo
bostani, Robe miwis nakveTi,
venaxi, baRi,
saxuravi, buxari;
mindori, biliki,
wyaro.
sacxovrebeli
adgili
saxli, oTaxi,
kedeli, fanjara,
kari
bina, iataki, Weri, saZinebeli oTaxi,
sastumro oTaxi,
kabineti, sasadilo
oTaxi,
samzareulo,
sadilobs...
aveji,
sayofacxovrebo
nivTebi.
magida, skami,
savarZeli, taxti,
sawoli, karada,
Taro. televizori,
kompiuteri,
suraTi.
fexsacmelebis /
tansacmelebis
karada,
tansacmelebis
sakidi, farda,
xaliCa, kedlis
saaTi, suraTebis
albomi.
Jurnalebis magida,
pianino, roiali,
uTo, sauTao,
telefonis
aparati,
musikaluri
centri, video,
magnitofoni,
aqsesuarebi,
WurWeli
TefSi, Wiqa, dana,
Cangali, kovzi,
finjani, lambaqi.
WurWeli, WurWlis
Taro, Caidani,
qvabi, tafa...
Tasi, langari,
sapure, samarile,
WurWlis karada,
macivari, gazqura,
wylis
gamacxelebeli
skola,
personali
skola, klasi,
moswavle. zari,
gakveTili,
dasveneba.
maswavlebeli,
wera, kiTxva, xatva,
mosmena.
skolis direqtori,
skolis ezo,
biblioTeka,
sasadilo, sacurao
auzi; klaseli.
didi dasveneba,
eqskursia
saklaso oTaxi,
kabineti,
direqtoris
kabineti,
sportdarbazi,
sacurao auzi
saswavlo nivTebi CanTa, wigni,
rveuli, kalami,
fanqari,
saSleli; dafa,
carci; merxi,
Jurnali.
saxazavi, wignis /
rveulis furceli,
dRiuri, saxatavi
rveuli, funji,
saRebavi, feradi
fanqrebi.
saswavlo sagnebi qarTuli,
saxelmwifo ena,
mSobliuri ena,
maTematika, xatva,
musika, sporti.
sufTa wera. xatvis
gakveTili. Sromis
gakveTili. pirveli
gakveTili, bolo
gakveTili...
172
momsaxurebis
obieqtebi
maRazia, bazari,
gamyidveli.
puris maRazia,
supermarketi,
salaro, fuli,
lari, TeTri...
sursaTi nayini, kanfeti,
namcxvari, torti
puri, karaqi,
xorci, yveli;
xili, bostneuli,
kitri, stafilo;
vaSli, msxali,
atami, yurZeni.
pomidori,
kombosto,
stafilo, Warxali,
badrijani;
sazamTro, nesvi,
qliavi, mandarini,
forToxali
limoni
kveba, kvebis
produqtebi
rZe, Cai, yava, kvercxi,
axali, gemrieli.
rZis nawarmi,
mawoni, karaqi,
araJani, xaWo.
transporti,
personali
avtobusi, taqsi,
velosipedi.
matarebeli,
tramvai,
troleibusi,
metro. mZRoli,
memanqane.
Cemodani, rkinigza,
TviTmfrinavi,
stiuardesa,
matareblis
gamcilebeli,
kulturuli
obieqtebi,
personali
Teatri, kino,
cirki, zooparki,
simRera, cekva.
opera, biblioTeka,
stadioni,
momRerali,
sportsmeni.
balerina, msaxiobi,
kinomsaxiobi,
cirkis msaxiobi,
klouni, masxara,
momTvinierebeli
fosta, personali fosta, werili,
marka.
safosto yuTi,
werilis gagzavna...
dResaswaulebi,
zeimebi
dabadebis dRe,
axali weli,
saCuqari, naZvis xe,
gilocav dabadebis
dRes!/axal wels!
torti, namcxvari,
gozinayi, CurCxela.
gilocav Sobas!
aRdgoma, wiTeli
kvercxi, qriste
aRdga! _WeSmaritad
aRdga!
gasarTobi,
Tavisufali
dro,saTamaSoebi,
TamaSebi
saTamaSo, Tojina,
manqana, doli,
burTi, feradi
fanqrebi, naxati.
naZvis xis
saTamaSo...
zooparkSi.
cxovelebi
galiaSi.
doli, sayviri,
mozaika,
konstruqtori,
suraTebiani anbani,
Tofi,
2.3 aqtivobebi
Sin aris, dgeba, wveba,
Wams, svams, xedavs,
laparakobs, usmens,
ibans, icvams, Tmas
ivarcxnis,
midis. aTvalierebs.
swavlobs,
kiTxulobs,
wers, xatavs,
televizors
uyurebs, musikas
usmens,
kompiuterze
TamaSobs,
aferadebs
skolaSi xatavs, wers,
kiTxulobs, adeqi!
dajeqi! ekiTxeba,
pasuxobs, iTvlis.
imeorebs, zepirad
ambobs...
amxanagebTan
TamaSobs,
maswavlebels
pasuxobs,
gakveTils
imeorebs, Zerwavs
sporti TamaSobs, curavs,
varjiSobs...
mirbis, xteba ejibreba, Widaobs,
Wadraks TamaSobs,
173
igebs, agebs
dasveneba,
garToba
TamaSobs, xatavs,
aferadebs,
seirnobs
cekvavs, mReris, baRSi/parkSi
seirnobs,
saqanelaze zis,
aTvalierebs,
zooparkSi
momsaxureba yidulobs fuls ixdis
mgzavroba,
gadaadgileba
midis, mgzavrobs. avtobusiT
mgzavrobs
2.4 individis orientirebi
dro saaTi (4 saaTia);
dRes, axla.
xuTis naxevaria...
sezonebi weli, weliwadis
droebi;
gazafxuli,
zafxuli,
Semodgoma,
zamTari.
gazafxulis
Tveebia... zafxulis
Tveebia...
kviris dReebi kviris dReebi:
orSabaTi,
samSabaTi,
oTxSabaTi,
xuTSabaTi,
paraskevi, SabaTi,
kvira
Tveebi Tveebis saxelebi...
dRe/Rame dila, saRamo, dRe,
Rame
dilas, saRamos... SuadReze,
drois
gansazRvra
axla, 3 saaTia Svidis naxevaria
sivrce axlos, Sors
adgilmdebareoba skolaSi, saxlSi,
magidaze, Taroze,
aq, iq
skolisken...
skolasTan,
skolidan
maxasiaTeblebi
feri TeTri, Savi,
wiTeli, mwvane,
lurji, yviTeli.
cisferi,
stafilosferi.
oqrosferi,
yavisferi, baci,
muqi feris
zoma didi, patara uzarmazari,
forma mrgvali,
oTxkuTxedi...
samkuTxa, oTxkuTxa
wona kilo
raodenoba bevri, cota erTi, ori... uamravi, mravali
temperatura cxeli, civi Tbili. grili
Semadgenloba rkinis, xis,
plastmasis.
ricxvebi 1_20 20_50s 100-mde
174
!
!
fonetika da orToepia
zepiri metyvelebis dros yuradReba unda mieqces qarTuli
specifikuri Tanxmovnebis sworad warmoTqmas, mJReri, yru mkveTri da
yru fSvinvieri Tanxmovnebis opozicias (T _ t, d _ T, p _ f, Qq _ k, s
_ z, y, W, w, C, c, Z, j, h...)
gramatika
metyvelebis
nawilebi
I klasi II klasi III klasi
arsebiTi saxeli saxelobiTi brunva.
mravlobiTi ricxvi
(-ebiani
mravlobiTi)
naTesaobiTi brunva micemiTi brunva,
moqmedebiTi brunva
zedsarTavi
saxeli
dadebiTi xarisxis
forma
ufroobiTi
xarisxis forma _
Zalian
ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi
ricxviTi saxeli
1_20
raodenobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebi
1_50
raodenobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebi
1-100
nacvalsaxeli piris
nacvalsaxelebi
(me, Sen, is, Cven,
Tqven, isini)
piris
nacvalsaxelebi
(mas...) CvenebiTi
nacvalsaxelebi es
_ is
kuTvnilebiTi
nacvalsaxeli (Cemi,
Seni, misi, Cveni,
Tqveni, maTi)
zmna axlandeli drois
forma; aris zmnis
Sekvecili forma.
momwons...
axlandeli dro,
brZanebiTi kilo;
miyvars...
kavSirebiTi kilo
(unda/ar unda
gaakeTo)
zmnizeda drois zmnizeda
(axla) adgilis
zmnizeda (aq,iq)
drois zmnizeda
erTxel, xSirad,
xandaxan...
zogjer, xSirad,
iSviaTad...
Tandebuli -Si, -ze -ken Tan, dan
nawilaki ara, diax, ar ki, ho... kargi
kavSiri da imitom, rom...
Sorisdebuli
winadadeba
winadadebis
tipebi
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT
martivi winadadeba martivi winadadeba rTuli winadadeba
(imitom, rom)
winadadebis
tipebi
modalobis
mixedviT
mtkicebiTi da
kiTxviTi
winadadebebi
mtkicebiTi da
kiTxviTi
winadadebebi
Zaxilis
winadadeba,
brZanebiTi
winadadeba.
175
sametyvelo funqciebi
rubrika IV klasi V klasi VI klasi
1.1 socialuri
urTierTobebi
misalmeba
mokiTxva xom kargad
brZandebiT? rogor
gikiTxoT?
damSvidobeba kargad iyavi!
mSvidobiT!
xvalamde! momaval
Sexvedramde!
madlobis
gadaxda
uRrmesi madloba!
madlieri var!
madlobas gixdiT! madlobas gixdiT
daxmarebisTvis!
madlobas gixdiT
TanagrZnobisTvis!
mobodiSeba Zalian vwuxvar! samwuxaroa! momiteveT! Tu
SeiZleba
momiteveT!
Tavaziani
mimarTva
mobrZandiT!
dabrZandiT!
brZaneT!
wardgena, gacnoba gaicaniT, es aris... icnobdeT, es aris... warmogidgenT,
Cvens stumars,
icnobdeT, es aris...
milocva momilocavs axali
weli!
qriste aRdga! _
WeSmaritad aRdga!
gilocavT!
gisurvebT
yovelive kargs!..
daTanxmeba, uari (dRes kinoSi
wamoxval?) ra Tqma
unda! ara mgonia!
keTili! araviTar
SemTxvevaSi!
waxaliseba saukeTesoa! kargad
swavlas gisurveb!
saocaria! fantastikuria!
interaqcia
sufrasTan
salaTi gadaiReT! Tu SeiZleba,
salaTi momawodeT!
_ inebeT! miirTviT!
Tu SeiZleba
wvniani damisxiT!
_gemrielad
miirTviT!
Txovna Zalian gTxovT! gemudarebiT! umorCilesad
gTxovT!
damSvideba nu dardob! nu
fiqrob! ar
idardo!
nu nerviulob! amaze arc ifiqro!
gafrTxileba icode, es saSiSia! gafrTxileb, es
saSiSia!
frTxilad iyavi,
araferi
SegemTxves!
telefoniT
saubari
Tu SeiZleba, ninos
sTxoveT!
es beriZis binaa? _
ara, sxvagan
moxvdiT.
es beriZis binaa? _
ara, sxvagan
moxvdiT. nomeri
sworad akrifeT!
1.2 informaciis gacvla
piradi
monacemebi:
me Senze (masze)
ufrosi, didi
(patara) var...
me gaxlavarT .... me gaxlavarT am
organizaciis
warmomadgeneli...
176
saxeli, gvari,
asaki, misamarTi
erovnebis da
warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb
me aqauri var / ar
var
me moskovidan var. me warmoSobiT,
qarTveli var,
magram axla
moskovSi vcxovrob.
telefonis
nomeri
rogoraa Seni
telefonis nomeri?
/ ra aris Seni
telefonis nomeri?
miTxari Seni
telefonis nomeri.
Tu SeiZleba,
Tqvens telefonis
nomers Caviwer. /
Tu SeiZleba,
Tqveni telefonis
nomeri miTxariT.
dabadebis dRe erT kviraSi /
TveSi / ramdenime
dReSi Cemi
dabadebis dRea
Seni dabadebis dRe
rodisaa?
Cven erT dRes (/
erT TveSi / erT
wels( varT
dabadebuli...
ojaxi ufrosi, SuaTana,
umcrosi
warmogvidgineT
Tqveni ojaxi...
Cemi ojaxis
wevrebi arian...
saqmianoba is muSaobs... is
diasaxlisia...
umuSevaria.... droebiT
umuSevaria...
identificireba
pirovnebis /
sagnis
es gaxlavT Cveni
axali moswavle.
janmrTelobis
Sesaxeb
Tavi / kbili /
muceli mtkiva
Tavs kargad ver
vgrZnob ukeTesad
var
SeuZlodaa.
(SeuZlod var /
xar)
TariRi axla aris 2005
wlis 17 aprili
es moxda 1998 wels.
drois aRricxva weliwadis ra
droa axla?
saqmianobis,
aqtivobis Sesaxeb
ras Svebi? ras
Sveba gogona? _ is
wers, kiTxulobs...
amindis Sesaxeb dRes uRrublo /
uqaro amindia
saSineli amindia. gadauReblad
wvims...
survilis Sesaxeb wyali xom ar
ginda? _ ara,
gmadlobT, ar
minda / diax.
minda...
wyali xom ar
gnebavT?
wyals xom ar
inebebT?
TviTgamoxatva me es arc ise
Zalian momwons...
ver vitan! vgiJdebi!
sayidlebze
yofnisas
Zalian iafia /
Zviria... me minda
viyido...
me minda puris /
yvelis... yidva
puri da kvercxi
unda viyido.
Tavisufali
drois Sesaxeb
vseirnob, cirkSi
mivdivar, curvaze
davdivar...
kargad verTobi. mosawyenia!
momwyinda.
1.3 aRwera,
daxasiaTeba
177
adamianis
garegnoba
ra lamazia! ra
mSvenieria!
ulamazesia... umSvenieresia!
adamianis
Cacmuloba
ra lamazi kaba
gacvia! ra kargi
Sarvali gacvia!
kargad / cudad
acvia
kargi Casacmelia...
adamianis xasiaTi is braziania /
Wkviania, mSvidia
cudi / kargi
xasiaTi aqvs...
saSineli /
brwyinvale xasiaTi
aqvs...
sagnis aRwera rogoria? didia,
uzarmazaria,
farToa, maRalia,
dabalia...
es magida xisaa /
rkinisaa...
plastmasisaa...
cxovelis aRwera
/ ras Sveba
cxoveli /
frinveli?
ZaRli yefs, kata
knavis, lomi
Rrialebs...
cxeni Wixvinebs... dafrinavs,
dacocavs...
1.4 gemovnebis gamoxatva
Zalian kargia /
sainteresoa /
mxiarulia mosawyenia
1.5 Sefaseba, damokidebuleba
mowoneba,
armowoneba
mSvenieria,
saSinelia...
ulamazesia umSvenieresia
dadebiTi,
uaryofiTi
Sefaseba
sworia? _ sworia,
ar aris swori /
araa swori
saSinlad moiqca...
gmirulad moiqca...
sakuTari
poziciis
gamoxatva
me mgoni / ara
mgonia...
me vfiqrob... Cemi azriT...
grZnobebis,
emociis
gamoxatva
kmayofili var /
ukmayofilo var
arc ise kmayofili
var / arc ise
ukmayofilo var
kargi iyo / ara
uSavda
1.6 SegrZnebebis gamoxatva
Tavis tkivili
mawuxebs
fexsacmeli
mawuxebs
bednieri var! ubednieresi var!
1.7 saWiroebis, survilis gamoxatva
saWiroeba saWiroa davalebis
dawera / bevri
kiTxva
aucilebelia es
gaakeTo!
aucileblad
gaakeTe, / wamodi...
1.8 emociis gamoxatva
sixaruli Zalian bednieria! gaxarebuli var! /
mixaria!
ubednieresia...
sinanuli dasanania, rom
gatyda!
cudia, rom ase
moxda...
sawyenia...
brazi _ nu brazob! _ ar
vbrazob.
gabrazebuli xar?
_ ara, ara var
gabrazebuli / ho
gabrazebuli var...
178
eWvi, varaudi me mgoni, ar mova ara mgonia, movides me vfiqrob, ar
gaakeTebs
gakvirveba marTla? namdvilad? seriozulad ambob?
SiSi mSiSaraa / araa
MmSiSara
uSiSaria... Zlian meSinia, ase
rom moxdes...
interesi Zalian
mainteresebs, ar
mainteresebs
minda gavigo... minda vicode...
indiferentuloba rogorc Sen ginda...
1.9 droSi
orientireba
droSi ganTavseba cota xanSi, erTi
wuTiT
maSinve im wuTas(ve)
qronologia xuTs aklia aTi
wuTi...
sixSire mudam, sul..
yoveldRe kviraSi /
dReSi / TveSi
erTxel
TveSi orjer /
samjer...
weliwadSi
erTxel...
xangrZlivoba erTi wuTiT... ramdenime wuTiT /
saaTiT / dRiT /
wliT
ramdenime xniT...
1.10 sivrceSi
orientireba
adgilmdebareoba saxlidan
skolamde
skolasTan axlos
_ skolidan Sors
skolis pirdapir /
gverdiT /
mimarTuleba saxlis win / ukan skolisken.
1.11 logikuri
kavSiris
gamoxatva
mizezi, Sedegi,
opozicia
mas ar aqvs wigni,
amitom ver waikiTxa zRapari
is Wkviania, magram zarmaci
es advili ar aris,
magram arc Znelia
skolaSi ver
wavedi, radgan davaleba ar
mqonda...
1.12 nebarTva,
valdebuleba,
akrZalva
nu akeTeb! nu yri!
nu yviri!
Tu SeiZleba, waval
/ waviReb /
momawodeT...
ar SeiZleba amis
gakeTeba / dayra /
gaxsna...
1.13 interaqcia
saklaso oTaxSi
maswavleblis
miTiTebebi
SegiZlia
Seasworo? vin
Seasworebs? vin
gaimeorebs? vin
ityvis sworad? vin
ityvis leqss? vin
mogviyveba? vin
daaxasiaTebs?
aba, vin mipasuxebs...
vin (ar) gaakeTa /
Seasrula
davaleba? ra ver
gaigeT? SekiTxva
xom ar gaqvT?
gasagebia? ra aris
gaugebari? ra aris
Zneli? SeZlebT
davalebis
Sesrulebas? Zneli
xom ar aris?
mimarTvebi,
SekiTxvebi
maswavleblisadmi
me kargad ver
gavige/davwere/ver
davwere davaleba
kargad ver gavige.
me mgoni, sworad
ver davwere...
es gaugebaria... ver
movaswari wakiTxva
/ dawera
179
leqsika
rubrika IV klasi V klasi VI klasi 2.1 individi
sxeuli Sinagani organoebi
(guli, adamiani
filtvebiT
sunTqavs...)
Sinagani organoebi
(kuWi, RviZli...
Sinagano organoebi
Tirkmelebi...
garegnoba qeraTmiani,
SavTmiani,
xuWuWTmiani...
wiTuri sworTmiani,
grZelTmiani,
xuWuWTmiani
daxasiaTeba sasacilo,
saSineli,
mSvenieri,
brwyinvale
TeTrkabiani,
Savpaltoiani
ulamazesi,
umSvenieresi...
axovani,
warmosadegi
tansacmlis
aqsesuarebi
sayure, beWedi,
Rili, yelsabami,
Tavsafari
Rili (Rilebi),
Tmis samagri...
qamari, gulsabnevi...
higiena
janmrTeloba/
avadmyofoba
gripiT avad,
surdo, gaciebuli,
eqimi, eqTani,
afTiaqSi wamlis
yidva, xvelebis
wamali, Tavis
tkivilis wamali...
sicxiani, gripiani,
avadmyofobs...
tkivilgamayuCebeli
wamali
Sefaseba da
emociuri
reaqciebi
kmayofili.
gajavrebuli,
dafiqrebuli...
arc ise kmayofili
var...
ukmayofilo var...
2.2 individis garemocva
adamianebi batoni / qalbatoni batono giorgi,
qalbatono mariam
batono giorgi,
qalbatono mariam
ojaxi /
naTesavebi
SvilTaSvili,
rZali, siZe,
bicola...
biZaSvili,
deidaSvili,
mamidaSvili
coli, qmari,
rZali, siZe,
bicola
cxovelTa
samyaro
ZaRli yefs, kata
knavis...
cxeni Wixvinebs...
gareuli
cxovelebi...
spilo udidesi
cxovelia...
zRapris samyaro wiTelquda,
nacarqeqia,
cxovelTa
zRaprebi...
jadosnuri
zRprebi
filosofiuri
zRaprebi...
buneba mTa, bari,
ucxoplaneteli,
kosmosuri
xomaldi
goraki, maRlobi momaRlo adgili...
bunebis
movlenebi
qariani dRe,
Rrubliani dRe,
wvimiani dRe,
mSvenieri amindia gadauReblad
wvims....
kokispirulad
180
mziani dRe wvims
geografiuli
dasaxelebebi
somxeTi,
azerbaijani,
ruseTi, ukraina...
amerika, inglisi.,
safrangeTi...
evropis qveynebi...
saxelmwifos
atributebi
mTavroba, qalaqis
meri, gamgebeli
qalaqis meria,
gamgeoba
parlamentis Senoba
qalaqi qalaqis centri,
parlamentis
Senoba, gamgeoba,
eklesia, qalaqeli
kafe, bari,
restorani....
mravalsarTuliani
saxli
sofeli venaxi, xexilis
baRi, xili,
bostneuli
boseli, saRore,
saqaTme
xexiliani ezo...
yana
sacxovrebeli
adgili
sakuTari saxli,
ezoiani saxli,
mravalsarTuliani
saxli
bina, oTaxi,
saZinebeli,
samzareulo....
sastumro oTaxi,
samzareulo,
sakuWnao, samuSao
oTaxi, kabineti
aveji,
sayofacxovrebo
nivTebi.
saweri magida,
kompiuteri,
audiomagnitofoni,
video;
mtversasruti,
fotoaparati,
videokamera
kompiuteri,
musikaluri
centri, sarecxi
manqana, kombaini
aqsesuarebi,
WurWeli
wvnianis TefSi,
desertis TefSi,
didi da patara
kovzi
finjani, lambaqi,
dana-Cangali... yavis
Wiq(eb)i, Cais
Wiq(eb)i,
sufra,
gadasafarebeli
skola,
personali
samaswavleblo,
klaseli, skoleli,
saaqto darbazi
Tanaklaseli,
direqtoris
moadgile
qarTuli enis
kabineti....
saswavlo nivTebi fargali,
flomaster(eb)i,
feradi furclebi markeri...
saswavlo sagnebi buneba, istoria, geografia, fizika, qimia...
momsaxurebis
obieqtebi,
personalebi
afTiaqi, afTiaqari,
gamyidveli,
molare
fosta, banki sasursaTo maRazia,
naWrebis maRazia...
sursaTi kvercxi, Sokoladi Zexvi, sosisi Sebolili Zexvi
kveba, kvebis
produqtebi
jemi, muraba, xilis
wveni, civi Cai,
koka-kola,
fanta, borjomi,
Rvino, arayi
mineraluri wyali,
koniaki, wiTeli
Rvino, Savi, TeTri
Rvino
transporti,
personali
gemi, mezRvauri,
gemis kapitani,
bargi, tvirTi
avtobusi,
troleibusi,
tramvai
avtobusis mZRoli,
taqsis mZRoli
kulturuli
obieqtebi,
personali
naxatebis gamofena,
gamofena,
musikaluri
Teatri, Tojinebis
Teatri
operis Teatri samxatvro galerea,
sagamofeno
darbazi
fosta, personali amanaTis gagzavna dazRveuli
werilis gagzavna,
miReba
dResaswaulebi, dasvenebis dRe, Soba, axali weli, damoukideblobis
181
zeimebi dedis dRe,
siyvarulis dRe,
bavSvTa dRe
aRdgoma,
navrozoba
dRe,
gasarTobi,
Tavisufali dro,
saTamaSoebi,
TamaSebi
barbis Tojina,
distanciuri
manqana,
kompiuteruli
TamaSebi
daWerobana,
damalobana
daxuWobana, wreSi
burTi, fexburTi,
kalaTburTi...
2.3 aqtivobebi
Sin sZinavs, iRviZebs,
xumrobs, icinis,
televizors
uyurebs,
megobrebTan
erToba
mecadineobs,
kompiuters
TamaSobas..
sauzmobs,
sadiloba,
vaxSmobs... Wams -
miirTmevs
skolaSi kiTxulobs,
eTamaSeba,
darbis, varjiSobs pasuxobs, xels
iwevs
sporti curvaze dadis,
Sejibrebazea,
waago, moigo
visken xar, vis
mxareze xar?
Cempioni, angariSi,
fre, samiT ori,
erTiT erTi..
dasveneba,
garToba
daWerobanas
TamaSoben,
daxuWobanas
TamaSoben,
fexburTs
TamaSoben....
musikas usmens...
kinoSi, TeatrSi
midis....
momsaxureba Tmas iWris,
isinjavs; mimtani,
gamyidveli, dalaqi
(parikmaxeri)
xelosani oficianti,
policia, mexanZre,
saswrafos eqimi
mgzavroba,
gadaadgileba
taqsis daWera,
matarebels
miuswro / ver
miuswro,
avtobusSi asvla,
avtobusidan
Camosvla
avtobusis, taqsis
gaCereba...
gamiCereT, aq
Cavdivar! Tqven xom
ar CadixarT?
CabrZandebiT?
mZRols gadauxada
fuli, ra Rirs
mgzavroba?
2.4 individis orientirebi
dro xuTs aklia aTi
wuTi; xval, guSin
guSinwin,
guSinwiniswin
zeg, mazeg
sezonebi
kviris dReebi orSabaTs, kviras... am kviraSi, am
TveSi...
Tveebi seqtemberSi,
agvistoSi...
dRe/Rame SuadRe, SuaRame,
SuadRisas,
SuaRamisas
dilas, saRamos,
SuadReze...
Zalain adre,
ganTiadze
drois
gansazRvra
dilis cxra
saaTia, saRamos
Svidi saaTia, Ramis
ori saaTia
xuT saaTze, xuTis
aT wuTze, xuTis
naxevarze...
xuTisTvis saxlSi
viqnebi
sivrce arc ise Sors, arc
ise axlos
Soriaxlos...
182
adgilmdebareoba skolamde -ken
maxasiaTeblebi rkinis, xis plastmasis
feri muqi yavisferi, Ria
yavisferi
oqrosferi,
vercxlisferi...
Ria feri, muqi
feri (feris)
zoma didi maqvs, patara
maqvs
36 nomeri
fexsacmeli
42 zoma Sarvali
forma ovaluri,
wona grami, kilogrami
raodenoba naxevari mesamedi, mexuTedi
temperatura Zalin civi, Zalian
cxeli
Semadgenloba
ricxvebi 100-dan zemoT.... 1000-mde 1000-is zemoT...
gramatika
metyvelebis nawilebi
IV klasi V klasi VI klasi
arsebiTi saxeli viTarebiTi brunva
warmomavlobis
saxelTa warmoeba
(axalqalaqeli,
axalqalaquri)
uqonlobis
saxelebi (uqaro...)
-ian sufiqsiani
saxelebi
moTxrobiTi brunva
saxelTa warmoqmna
daniSnulebis
saxelebi (sakabe,
saavadmyofo)
xelobis saxelebi
brunvaTa sruli
sistema saxelTa
warmoqmnis sruli
sistema
zedsarTavi
saxeli
ufroobiTi
xarisxis forma
(yvelaze...)
ufroobiTi
xarisxis formebi
(udidesi...)
odnaobiTi
xarisxis formebi
(modido...)
ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebi
(rTuli,
Sedgenili)
rigobiTi ricxviTi
saxelebi
wilobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebi
nacvalsaxeli CvenebiTi
nacvalsaxelebi
uaryofiTi
nacvalsaxelebi
kiTxviTi,
gansazRvrebiTi da
ganusazRvre-
lobiTi
nacvalsaxelebi
zmna nu nawilakiani
brZanebiTi
warsuli dro momavali dro
zmnizeda erTxel, mudam,
sul
viTarebis
zmnizedebi
zmnizedebi
zoma-odenobisa da
jerobis
zmnizedebi
Tandebuli -dan -mde, win, ukan Sesaxeb, mimarT, gamo, Tanave, mier,
garda
nawilaki nu, ver aba, netav / neta meTqi, Tqo, -o
kavSiri magram sadac, romelic rom kavSiriani
winadadebebi
Sorisdebuli waxalisebis mowoneba- mwuxarebis
183
Sorisdebulebi sixarulis
Sorisdebulebi
Sorisdebulebi
winadadeba
winadadebis
tipebi
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT
rTuli winadadeba
(amitom), magram
kavSiriani
winadadebebi
adgilis
garemoebiTi,
gansazRvrebiTi
rTuli
winadadebebi
rom kavSiriani
winadadebebi
winadadebis
tipebi
modalobis
mixedviT
nu nawilakiani
akrZalviTi
brZanebiTi
winadadeba `me
mgoni~
konstruqcia
Zaxilis winadadeba TxrobiTi,
kiTxviTi, Zaxilis,
brZanebiTi
winadadebebi
sametyvelo funqciebi
rubrika VII klasi VIII klasi IX klasi
1.1 socialuri
urTierTobebi
misalmeba mogesalmebiT, gaumarjos ra kargia, rom
gnaxeT!
mokiTxva xom kargad
brZandebiT? rogor
gikiTxoT?
damSvidobeba kargad! saRamomde! momaval
Sexvedramde!
momaval
Sexvedramde!
xvalamde! aba,
kargad!
madlobis
gadaxda
did madlobas
mogaxsenebT!
udides (uRrmes)
madlobas
mogaxsenebT!
Tqveni didad
madlieri var!
madlobeli var!
mobodiSeba Tu SeiZleba,
mapatieT!
gTxovT, mapatioT!!
Tu SegiZliaT,
mapatieT!
me Zalian vwuxvar
amis Sesaxeb!
Tavaziani
mimarTva
Tu SeiZleba,
mobrZandiT!
gepatiJebiT,
mobrZandiT!
Cais (yavas) xom ar
miirTmevT?
mobrZandiT
dabrZandiT,
mirTviT! ras
brZanebT!
wardgena, gacnoba gaicaniT, es aris...
icnob(T) giorgis?
icnobdeT, es aris... gavicnoT
erTmaneTi: me var...
me Tqven gicnobT /
ar gicnobT
milocva gilocavT
dabadebis dRes/
axal wels!
gilocavT am
dResaswauls!
gilocavT!
gilocavT am
brwyinvale
dResaswauls!
gisurvebT
yovelive kargs!..
daeswariT
mravals!
daTanxmeba, uari rogor moviqce? kargi, aucileblad me mgoni ver
184
dagexmarebiT! Tu
kargad viqnebi,
aucileblad
wamoval! minda
dagpatiJoT!
moval! didi
madloba
dapatiJebisaTvis!
aucileblad
moval! albaT ver
moval! Tu SevZleb
moval!
SevZleb mosvlas!
me Zalian minda
moxvideT! vecdebi,
movide! Sevecdebi!
SemogvierTdebiT?
didi siamovnebiT
SemogierTdebiT!
waxaliseba,
Seqeba
brwyinvalea!
kargia!
es marTlac
saocrebaa!
gadasarevia!
swori xar!
marTals ambob!
Zalian
sainteresoa!
fantastikuria!
kargi ideaa!
momwons! Sen
Zalian yoCaRi xar!
yoCaR, gamaxare!
interaqcia
sufrasTan
salaTi gadaiReT!
Cai gnebavT Tu
yava? ras
miirTmevT? Tu
SeiZleba,
mineraluri wyali
momitaneT! kidev
miirTviT! ara,
gmadlobT, ar
minda!
Tu SeiZleba, cota
salaTi
gadmomiReT! _
inebeT! miirTviT!
momawodeT1 Tu
SeiZleba!
namcxvars kidev
miirTmevT? didi
madloba, meti ar
minda! salaTi
mogewonaT? _
Zalian!
Tu SeiZleba
mineraluri wyali
damisxiT! _ai,
inebeT! miirTviT!
_gmadlobT,
marTlac Zalian
mSia! ara, ar mSia,
didi madloba!
marTlac kargi
sufraa! kargad
miirTviT!
interaqcia
savaWro obieqtSi
sayidlebze
mivdivar!
sayidlebze xom ar
wamoxval? ra unda
iyido? namcxvari
axalia? namcxvari
ramdeni gnebavT?
ramdeni agiwonoT?
ramdeni
gadavixado? ra
Rirs erTi kilo?
Zexvi ramdeni
gnebavT? romeli
Zexvi gaqvT? Tu
SeiZleba rvaasi
grami amiwoneT. Tu
SeiZleba es yava
maCveneT! romeli
feri mogwonT?
kargia, magram
Zviria! ara, Zalian
Zviria / iafia.
ver viSove. iseTi
ar aris, rogoric
minda. sxvagan
ufro iafad vnaxe
da iq viyidi. iciT,
me veZeb.... gaqvT?
lamazi / kargi
svitria, unda
viyido... mixdeba?
Zalian gixdeba.
interaqcia
mgzavrobisas
bileTebi aq
iyideba? sad viyidi
bileTebs? ra Rirs
bileTi?
mgzavroba
ormocdaaTi TeTri
Rirs. sad aris
avtobusis
gaCereba? taqsis
gaCereba sad aris?
Semdeg gaCerebaze
CaxvalT? romelia
Semdegi gaCereba? _
universiteti.
taqsiT wavideT,
dagvagviandeba!
samsaxurSi riT
dadixar? _
avtobusiT. taqsiT
moxvedi Tu
avtobusiT? _
avtobusiT. es
avtobusi sad
midis? metroTi
wavideT, ufro
swrafia.
samgzavro
bileTebi SeiZineT
salaroSi! sad
viyido bileTebi?
mgzavroba ra
damijdeba?
aeroportamde ra
nomeri avtobusi
midis? taqsi
aeroportamde ra
Rirs?
TviTmfrinavis
bileTebi sad
SeiZleba viyido?
romel saaTze
Camofrindeba
hamburgi_Tbilisi?
rodis / romel
saaTze mifrinav?
185
mimowera
(mimarTva /
gamomSvidobeba)
salami Zvirfaso
mari! imedi maqvs,
Senken yvelaferi
kargadaa! rogor
xar? rogor arian
Senebi? albaT
erTmaneTs male
vnaxavT! mogikiTxa
dedam da mamam!
saukeTeso
survilebiT...
Zalian gamixarda
Seni werilis
mosvla. gisurveb
yovelive
saukeTesos!
siyvaruliT
mariami! didi
siyvaruliT
mariami! Tqveni
mariami!
pativcemulo
zurab! velodebi
Tqvens werils!
didi madloba
werilisTvis!
Zalian sasiamovno
iyo Tqveni werilis
miReba! didi
madloba
werilisaTvis!
mapatieT amden xans
rom ver mogwereT!
telefoniT
saubari
xval dagirekavT!
xval damirekeT!
albaT dagirekav,
saxlSi iqnebi? vin
gnebavT? cota
xanSi dagirekav!
SeiZleba Tqvengan
davreko? Tu
SeiZleba,
damarekineT!
sxvagan moxvdiT.
Tqven arasworad
akrifeT nomeri,
SeamowmeT!
saxlSi ar aris,
cota xanSi kidev
davrekav. saxlSi
ar aris, cota xnis
Semdeg darekeT!
gadaeciT, rom giam
dareka. gamarjoba,
qeTi Sen xar?
1.2 informaciis
gacvla
piradi
monacemebi:
saxeli, gvari,
asaki, misamarTi,
dabadebis
TariRi.
Sen vin xar? me am
skolis moswavle
var! romel klasSi
swavlob? me
meaTeklaseli var!
sad cxovrob? me
quTaisSi vcxovrob
/ quTaiseli var.
romel skolaSi
dadixar? Seni
telefonis nomeri
Camawerine.
ra gvaris xar?
romel TveSi xar
dabadebuli?
romel wels
daibade? me
gogebaSvilis 10-Si
vcxovrob. romel
korpusSi/saxlSi
cxovrob?, romel
sarTulze
cxovrob?
me gaxlavarT am
organizaciis
warmomadgeneli...
am skolaSi aTi
welia vaswavli,
vmuSaob.
erovnebis da
warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb
saidan xar?
sadauri xar? me
javaxeTidan / qvemo
qarTlidan var.
me somexi /
azerbaijaneli /
qarTveli / rusi /
ebraeli /
ukraineli... var
ra erovnebis xar?
romeli qveynis
moqalaqe xar?
mamaCemi erovnebiT
rusia, deda -
qarTveli
Tavisufali dro ra giyvars? ra
gexerxeba? ra aris
Seni hobi? gaqvs
hobi? me momwons
cekva me vagroveb
markebs raze
ukrav?
TxilamurebiT
srialeb? curav?
cekvav?
sad isveneb? sad
midixar xolme
dasasveneblad?
eqskursiaze
midixar?
eqskursiebze
dadixarT?
qalaqgareT
dasvneba giyvars?
laSqrobaze
dadixarT xolme?
ra gainteresebs?
teqnika
gainteresebs? _
ara teqnika ar
mainteresebs.
xelovneba
mainteresebs. me
kompiuterze
TamaSi miyvars.
profesia is maswavlebelia
is maswavleblad
mamaCemi
arqiteqtoria,
Cemi megobari
modelioria,
186
muSaobs sad
muSaobs mamaSeni?
rad muSaobs
mamaSeni? _
inJinrad kerZo
firmaSi
musikosia.,
fotografia,
mZRolia,
advokatia... ra
unda gamoxvide? _
eqimi,
maswavlebeli,
msaxiobi,
mocekvave...
eqTania, stilistia,
me minda gavxde
kosmonavti,
iuristi,
Jurnalisti,
astronomi,
gamomgonebeli,
programisti....
janmrTeloba rogor xar? Tavs
rogor grZnob?
dRes Tavs rogor
grZnob? gmadlobT,
kargad. dRes
ukeTesad var. dRes
ara miSavs.
kargad ver var.
Tavs kargad ver
vgrZnob. ori dRea
kbili saSinlad
mtkiva. Tavis
tkivili mawuxebs.
ukve
gamovjanmrTeldi.
gavcivdi da Tavs
saSinlad vgrZnob.
Tavbru mexveva.
bolo dros
avadmyofobs.
alergiuli xarT?
ra gawuxebT/
araferi ar
mawuxebs.
amindi dRes Zalian kargi
amindia. qariani
amindia. Zalian
cxela? _ arc ise,
Tbila. rogor
fiqrob, iwvimebs?
wvims, magram male
gadaiRebs.
saSineli amindia.
gaTovdeba? albaT
gaTovdeba.
gawvimdeba? _ ara
mgonia. wvima
albaT male
gadaiRebs. baTumSi
xSirad wvims.
saqarTveloSi
zomieri havaa.
mSrali klimatia.
nestiani klimatia.
aq nesti icis.
zamTrobiT didi
yinvebia. cvalebadi
amindia.
1.3 aRwera,
daxasiaTeba:
adamianis
garegnoba
mSvenieri
qalbatonia.
simpaTiuri
mamakacia. maRalia,
warmosadegia.
dabalia,
tanmorCilia. qera
da xuWuWTmiania.
SavTmiania
rogor
gamoiyureba?
saTvaleebs
atarebs. grZel
Tmebs atarebs.
msuqania. Zalian
gamxdaria. sustia.
vis hgavxar/
mamaCems / dedaCems
vgavar! es Seni
bavSvobis suraTia.
es misi
axalgazrdobaa.
mSvenivrad
gamoiyureba karg
formaSia.
adamianis
Cacmuloba
Zalian lamazi
kostumi gacvia.
axali
fexsacmelebia?
kargia. kargi
jinsebi gacvia.
kargi
xelTaTmanebi /
qudi / yelsaxvevi
viyide
zamTrisTvis. ra
zoma tansacmels
fexsacmels icvam?
es kostumi kargad
gaqvs. es Sarvali
didi gaqvs?
fexsacmelebi
patara maqvs. es
fexsacmelebi
miWers. es
fexsacmeli fexs
mtkens. muqi lurji
gixdeba. Ria feris
tansacmeli
mixdeba.
rogori
fexsacmelebi
mogwons?
sportuli Tu
klasikuri? kargi
qurTuki gacvia.
magaria! es svitri
dedaCemma
momiqsova, mogwons?
_ Zalian magaria...
axali qurTuki
Zalian gixdeba.
magari feria.
adamianis xasiaTi is amayia. is
Tavmdabalia. is
Zalian
Cveni maswavlebeli
Zalian mkacria.
arc ise mkacri
is jiutia.
daujerebeli
bavSvia. kargad
187
megobrulia. is
seriozuli
adamiania. Zalian
niWieria. gonieria.
araa. sul araa
mkacri. kargi
xasiaTis adamiania.
aRzrdili
adamiania.
uzrdelia. Zalian
zrdilobiania.
sagnis aRwera es sufTaa.
WuWyiania. oTaxi
dalagebulia.
oTaxi areulia.
rogoria Seni
saxli / oTaxi?
ramxelaa Seni
oTaxi?
ra sigrZisaa Seni
oTaxi? ra
siganisaa oTaxi?
ra simaRlisaa
Weri? ramdeni
kvadratuli metria
saklaso oTaxi?
viwroa, farToa.
kvadratuli
oTaxia.
magida mrgvalia.
oTxkuTxedis
formisaa.
marTkuTxedis
formisaa.
ovaluria. dana
mWrelia.
galesilia. es dana
blagvia, ar Wris.
1.4 Sefaseba, damokidebuleba
mowoneba,
armowoneba
mSvenieri ideaa.
Zalian momwons.
sul ar momwons.
Zalian momewona
dabadebis dRe. arc
ise Zalian
momewona.
mogwons
Tanamedrove
estrada? mogwons
klasikuri musika?
jazi? Zalian
kargia. mSvenieria.
brwyinvalea.
mosawyeni iyo;
mosabezrebelia. es
brwyinvale ideaa.
momwons idea!
wignis kiTxva
giyvars? rogori
filmebi mogwons?
sakuTari azris,
STabeWdilebis,
poziciis
gamoxatva
sworia! arasworia!
Cemi azriT, me
vfiqrob... me
mirCevnia. jobia
Sen swori ar xar.
arasworad iqcevi!
arasworad moiqca!
me mjera Seni. ar
mjera, rom es
marTalia! me minda
giTxra, rom...
Cemi mosazrebiT...
me ase ar vfiqrob.
ara mgonia ase
iyos.. me mainc
mgonia... rogorc
Cans... ra Tqma
unda...
1.5 saWiroeba survili gamoxatva
me minda... me
mWideba... me
visurvebdi... rogor
jobia moviqce? ra
vqna? ra unda
gavakeTo?
me Zalian minda...
kargi iqneboda,
rom wavsuliyavi...
me girCev... jobia,
waxvide, uTxra...
Sen es dagWirdeba.
me girCev, ase
moiqce. ras mirCev?
ra unda vqna? _
unda waxvide,
gaakeTo...
1.6 emociis gamoxatva:
sixaruli,
kmayofileba
me Zlian bednieri
var. me Zalian
kmayofili var. ra
bednieri var! me ar
SemiZlia amaze ar
vifiqro. marTla?
ar mjera!
is kmayofilia. es
didi yuradRebaa
Tqveni mxridan. es
saocreba iyo! me
ubednieresi var.
me arc ise
kmayofili var. me
ukmayofilo var. me
saSinlad
ukmayofilo var. me
gaocebuli var
misi saqcieliT. me
gaognebuli var.
sinanuli Zalian samwuxaroa;
vwuxvar! Zalian
vwuxvar! Zalian
cud mdgomareobaSi
var.
me Zalian vwuxvar
amis gamo! me vnanob
amis Sesaxeb! ra
sawyenia!
Zalian mwyins!
saSinelebaa! ra
samwuxaroa!
brazi me Zalian
gabrazebuli var!
nu brazob! nu
nerviulobT! ratom
ra gafiqrebT? ra
gawuxebT? ra
188
saSinlad vbrazob! wuxxar? ganerviulebT?
eWvi, varaudi veWvob, ase ar aris.
SeiZleba.
SesaZlebelia.
darwmunebuli ara
var.
me mgoni... me
mgonia, ar mova. Sen
rogor fiqrob?
ara mgonia,
movides. mas
SeeZlo, ase ar
moqceuliyo.
gakvirveba me gakvirvebuli
var. me gaocebuli
var. ra siurprizia!
ra moxda?
marTla ase iyo?
mikvirs. ar megona.
xumrob? nuTu
marTla ase
moiqca? ras
gulisxmob?
marTla? amas ver
davijereb!
SiSi saSiSia. me meSinia
am ambis. me misi
meSinia.
cecxlis / wylis /
siswrafis meSinia.
arafris ar meSinia.
SegaSineT? ar
mindoda,
SemeSinebineT. nu
geSiniaT!
interesi me miyvars kiTxva.
me mainteresebs
deteqtivebi. me
Zalian mexerxeba
xatva.
me mainteresebs
qimia / fizika /
biologia...
mas xatvis niWi
aqvs. yvelaferSi
niWieria.
indiferentuloba me ar mainteresebs.
sul ar
mainteresebs.
CemTvis amas
mniSvneloba ara
aqvs.
aranair
mniSvnelobas ar
vaniWeb.
1.7 droSi orientireba
droSi ganTavseba dilas / diliT
saRamos /
saRamoTi,
SuadRisas, RamiT,
SuaRamisas
dilaobiT
saRamoobiT
orSabaTobiT...
SabaTobiT...
TveobiT kviraobiT
wlobiT
qronologia mere, Semdeg, jer..
Semdeg...
pirvelad ...,
meored...
Tavidan bolomde,
SarSan, SarSanwin,
SarSanwiniswin
wels, gaisad,
mermiss, momavalSi
sixSire xSirad, iSviaTad,
yovelTvis, zogjer
erTxel yoveldRe
yovelTve /
yovelTviurad
yovel wels /
yovelwliurad
yovel or
weliwadSi, yovel
meore dRes, yovel
meore kviras,
TiTqmis yovelTvis
xangrZlivoba ramden xans
grZeldeba? sul
oci wuTi sWirdeba.
erTi saaTs
ganmavlobaSi.
ramden xans
darCebi? mudam.
mudmivad,
mTeli dRis
ganmavlobaSi.
orSabaTidan. didi
xniT. aqamde. mTeli
dRiT / RamiT. sanam
gavakeTeb...
mTeli dRiT.
mTeli RamiT.
mTeli TviT /
wliT. dilidan
saRamomde. adre
dilidan gvian
Ramemde.
siCqare Cqara. swrafad.
nela.
mTeli siswrafiT.
iCqare! nu Cqarob!
ra neli xar!
swrafad gaakeTe!
saocrad swrafad.
ra siCqariT /
siswrafiT?
189
swrafad, magram
frTxilad.
1.8 sivrceSi
orientireba
adgilmdebareoba gverdiT. axlos.
SuaSi aq / iq
marjvniv / marcxniv
Sors / axlos
aqve / iqve sad aris
metro? metros
pirdapir
metros
mopirdapire mxares
iciT sad aris
metro? xom ver
mimaswavliT
metros?
SegiZliaT
miTxraT, sad
aris...?
mimarTuleba rogor mivide
aeroportSi? wadiT
pirdapir mouxvieT
marjvniv / marcxniv
romeli gziT
mival? am / im
gziT...
xom ver metyviT,
rogor mivide? es
aeroportis gzaa?
miwisqveSa
gadasasvleli
fexiT
mosiaruleTa
gadasasvleli
axlosaa, fexiT
savalzea rogor
mivide uaxloes
gaCerebamde?
1.9 mizezi, Sedegi,
pirobiToba,
mizani, opozicia
is maSin iq ar iyo,
amitom ar icis ra
moxda. wigni ar
minda, imitom rom
maqvs. is avadaa,
amitom ver mova. is
kargad moiqca, ase
rom, jildosac
miiRebs. fuli rom
mqondes, viyididi.
Tu wavedi,
aucileblad
giyidi. is
saqarTveloSi
daibada, magram
berZenia.
wvimis gamo
samsaxurSi ver
wavedi. aq imisTvis
movida, rom es
saqme gaakeTos. eka
ise dakavebuli
iyo, rom kinoSi
ver wavida. me rom
iq vyofiliyavi, ase
ar moxdeboda. ca
mowmendili iyo,
magram cioda. es
CemTvis Zalian
advilia, radgan am
enaze vlaparakob.
fanjara gaaRe,
axali haeri rom
Semovides. me
vicodi, rom es
marTali ar
iqneboda. Tu ar
momewoneba, ar
viyidi. me imisTvis
wavedi, rom CemTvis
raime meyida. is
imdenad frTxilia,
rom Secdomebi ar
mosdis. rac manqana
viyide, mas Semdeg
samsaxurSi
manqaniT davdivar.
1.10 nebarTva,
valdebuleba,
akrZalva
Tu SeiZleba,
miTxariT... Tu
SeiZleba, maTxoveT
wigni. Sexeba /
axlos misvla
akrZalulia!
SeCerdiT! gza
Tavisufalia.!
frTxilad, karebi
iketeba!
frTxilad iyavi!
nu daanagvianebT!
waikiTxeT
instruqcia!
daicaviT siCume!
moxsenebaa,
daicaviT siCume!
moweva akrZalulia!
1.11 interaqcia
saklaso oTaxSi:
maswavleblis
miTiTebebi
savarjiSo aris
25-e gverdze. Tu
SeiZleba,
gadaSaleT wignebi.
gadaSaleT
saxelmZRvanelo me-
axla Tqven
gaagrZeleT.
gadadiT Semdeg
savarjiSoze. vin
moyveba gakveTils?
ana, daiwyeb? ana,
aba, daviwyoT! ra
iciT amis Sesaxeb?
vis SeuZlia
daamatos?
sakontrolo
werisaTvis
190
40 gverdze.
Tavidan daiwye!
kidev erTxel
waikiTxe! imuSaveT
wyvilebad!
gaagrZeleb?
gaugebaria
romelime sityva?
yvelaferi
gasagebia? ra aris
gaugebari?
geZlevaT oci
wuTi. nu CqarobT,
dro kidev gaqvT.
iCqareT, dro aRar
gaqvT.
mimarTvebi,
SekiTxvebi
maswavleblisadmi
ver gavige, Tu
SeiZleba
gaimeoreT! Tu
SeiZleba, kidev
amixseniT! gTxovT,
xelmeored
amixsnaT!
wavikiTxav.
gavagrZelo?
wavikiTxo? romel
gverdzea
savarjiSo? saidan
gavagrZelo?
SegiZliaT,
damexmaroT?
rogoraa
qarTulad...? ra
hqvia qarTulad
....s?
es sakiTxi ar vici.
SeiZleba davamato?
ver gipasuxebT.
calke vimuSao Tu
wyvilSi? romeli
savarjiSo
davwero? xelaxla
davwero
savarjiSo?
leqsika
rubrika VII klasi VIII klasi IX klasi
2.1 individi
sxeuli Tavi, tani, mxrebi,
xelebi, fexebi,
muceli, mkerdi,
zurgi, sisxli,
TiTebi, frCxilebi,
kefa...
Sinagani organoebi:
guli, filtvebi,
RviZli,
Tirkmelebi...
Sinagani organoebi
elenTa, nawlavebi,
brma nawlavi.,
naRvlis buSti,
Tormetgoja
nawlavi..
garegnoba maRali, dabali,
gamxdari,
qeraTmiani,
SavTmiani,
xuWuWTmiani...
wiTuri, Seuxedavi,
kargi Sesaxedavi
susti, mxarbeWiani,
warmosadegi,
lamazi...cisferTva
leba, SavTvaleba,
mwvaneTvaleba
xasiaTi mxiaruli,
seriozuli,
sevdiani,
araseriozuli
guladi, mamaci,
uSiSari, uxeSi,
Tavaziani,
zrdilobiani,
uzrdeli...
keTili, patiosani,
samarTliani,
usamarTlo, amayi,
ampartavani,
akuratuli, sufTa,
binZuri...
tansacmlis
aqsesuarebi
sayure, beWedi,
Rili, yelsabami,
Tavsafari
tansacmeli,
fexsacmeli,
perangi, kostiumi,
halstuxi,
cxvirsaxoci
svitri, qurTuki,
palto, mokle
palto, Jileti,
qolga, CanTa...
sportuli
tansacmeli,
jinsebi, jinsis
qurTuki, saSinao
tansacmeli,
sagareo
tansacmeli,
sezonuri
tansacmeli...yovel
dRiuri
tansacmeli... Cacma,
gaxda, daxurva,
191
tareba...
higiena dabana, davarcxna,
dasufTaveba,
varjiSi, kbilebis
gamoxexva, Sxapis
miReba...
Sampuni, saponi,
savarcxeli, kremi,
Rrubeli,
burTuliani
dezodori, piradi
higiena, piradi
higienis dacva,
civi Sxapis miReba,
saparsi...
janmrTeloba/
avadmyofoba
gripiT avad,
surdo, gaciebuli,
eqimi, eqTani,
afTiaqSi wamlis
yidva, xvelebis
wamali, Tavis
tkivilis wamali...
eqimis gamoZaxeba,
wola, wamlis
miReba, nemsis
gakeTeba
angina, xveleba,
surdo, sicxiani,
xelis motexa,
saavadmyofo,
eqTani, eqimi,
saswrafo
daxmareba, awuxebs
Tavis/kbilis/
muclis tkivili.
Sefaseba da
emociuri
reaqciebi
kargad,
SesaniSnavad
vgrZnob Tavs,
SeuZlod var...
gaxarebuli,
Sewuxebuli,
gaocebuli,
gakvirvebuli,
gaognebuli...
sircxvili, SiSi,
wyena, sixaruli,
originaloba,
sirTule,
gabrazebuli,
nawyeni,
gajavrebuli,
ukmayofilo,
gancda, aRelveba...
2.2 individis
garemocva
aRqma da
inteleqtualuri
aqtivobebi
Sexedva, naxva,
gagoneba, gaxseneba,
daviwyeba,
dafiqreba,
mofiqreba, daTvla,
Sedgena...
gaanalizeba,
gamoangariSeba,
SegrZneba, gancda,
aRelveba,
damSvideba...
mofiqreba,
gadafiqreba,
winaaRmdegobis
gadalaxva...
ojaxi /
naTesavebi
naTesavebi,
axloblebi,
mSoblebi, ojaxis
wevrebi,
qaliSvili,
vaJiSvili,
winapari,
STamomavali...
biZaSvili,
deidaSvili,
mamidaSvili,
sanaTesao, axlo
naTesavi, Soreuli
naTesavi, disSvili,
ZmisSvili,
coli, qmari,
rZali, siZe,
bicola, biZaSvili,
mazli, muli,
qvisli,
mazliSvili,
muliSvili.
adamianis
cxovrebis
etapebi
bavSvi,
axalgazrda,
moxuci,
qali, kaci, moxuci,
axalgazrda...
zrdasruli,
mozardi, Wabuki,
qaliSvili,
adamiani, xalxi,
nacnobi, megobari,
klaseli, skoleli,
mezobeli, amxanagi.
bavSvoba,
sicocxle,
sikvdili...
telefoniT
sargebloba
darekva, yurmili,
yurmilis aReba,
satelefono wigni,
nomris Cawera,
dakaveba,
avtomopasuxe,
192
mosmena, pasuxi,
nomris akrefa,
daZaxeba/Txovna.
darekva, xelmeored
darekva, yurmilis
dadeba.
telefoni ar
pasuxobs, zumeri...
buneba da bunebis movlenebi
xe, tye, mdinare,
wyaro, qari, mze,
wvima, Tovli, qaris
qrola, cxovelebi,
frinvelebi,
mwerebi.
buCqi, balaxi,
udabno, mTa, klde...
Sinauri cxovelebi,
gareuli
cxovelebi...
zRva, okeane,
xmeleTi, sanapiro,
kunZuli,
naxevarkunZuli,
kontinenti, buneba,
samyaro, bunebis
dacva, xis dargva,
morwyva.
botanikosi,
zoologi,
biologi, amindis
prognozi...
geografiuli dasaxelebebi, erovnebebi, religiuri mrwamsi
somxeTi,
azerbaijani,
ruseTi, ukraina
erevani, baqo,
Tbilisi,
amierkavkasia,
kavkasioni,
kaspiis zRva, Savi
zRva... CrdiloeTi
kavkasia
kaxeTi, imereTi,
guria, samegrelo,
qarTli, fSavi,
xevsureTi... kaxeli,
imereli,
qarTleli,
megreli, guruli....
saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba
qalaqi, dedaqalaqi,
prezidenti,
mTavroba,
parlamenti,
konstitucia,
fuli, ekonomika,
mrewveloba...
xelfasi,stipendia,
pensia, daxmareba...
diasaxlisi,
samsaxuri, inJineri,
arqiteqtori,
mZRoli,
maswavlebeli...
xelisufleba,
politikuri
partia,
sasamarTlo,
prokuratura,
jari, policia,
saministro,
administracia,
departamenti...
qalaqi da sofeli, aqtivobebi
gzatkecili, quCa,
trotuari,
prospeqti, qalaqis
centri,
parlamentis
Senoba, gamgeoba,
eklesia, qalaqeli,
transporti,
mosavali, xexilis
baRi, bostneuli,
moyvana, daTesva,
dargva...
maRali saxlebi,
farTo quCa,
sabavSvo baRi,
bazari, Teatri,
kino, moedani,
Seneba...
moqalaqe, Senoba,
moedani, quCa,
prospeqti,
sadguri, vaWroba,
gantvirTva,
dajarimeba..
sacxovrebeli adgili aqtivobebi
Cveni saxli,
ezoiani saxli,
mravalsarTuliani
saxli, Cemi oTaxi,
samzareulo,
tualeti, lifti,
kibe, garaJi,
cxovreba,
dalageba, dagva,
dasufTaveba,
bina, oTaxi,
saZinebeli,
samzareulo....
saWmlis momzadeba,
daWra, moxarSva,
Sewva, gamocxoba,
sastumro oTaxi,
samzareulo,
sakuWnao, samuSao
oTaxi, kabineti,
abazana,
Sesasvleli,
lojia, mesame
sarTulze,
daZineba, sadili,
vaxSmoba, sauzme,
193
WurWlis darecxva.
aveji,
sayofacxovrebo
nivTebi.
magida, skami,
sawoli, divani,
savarZeli, kari,
fanjara, saweri
magida, kompiuteri,
audiomagnitofoni,
video;
mtversasruti,
wignebis Taroebi,
feradi
televizori,
dividi,
fotoaparati,
videokamera
xaliCa, gasaTbobi
saSualeba, sarke,
xelsabani,
kompiuteri,
musikaluri
centri, sarecxi
manqana, kombaini,
gazis qura,
eleqtroqura
aqsesuarebi,
WurWeli
yavis Wiqa, Cais
Wiqa, miqseri,
wvnianis TefSi,
desertis TefSi,
didi da patara
kovzi
yavis finjani,
lambaqi, dana-
Cangali...
qvabi, tafa,
haerRumeli,
wvensawuri,
TeTreuli, sufra,
gadasafarebeli,
sawolis
gadasafarebeli...
skola,
personali,
aqtivobebi
samaswavleblo,
klaseli, skoleli,
saaqto darbazi,
davaleba,
savarjiSo,
davalebis dawera,
cxrili...
ucxo enis
maswavlebeli,
organizatori,
mdivani, klasis
xelmZRvaneli,
laboranti,
damlagebeli,
gadmowera,
kiTxvebze pasuxis
gacema, savarjiSos
Sesruleba...
qarTuli enis
kabineti....
mSobliuri enis
kabineti,
geografiis
kabineti... anketis
Sevseba,
saxelmZRvanelos
wakiTxva, dRiuris
Sevseba, gamokiTxva,
sakontrolo wera,
testireba
saswavlo nivTebi kalami, fargali,
flomaster(eb)i,
feradi furclebi markeri...
saswavlo sagnebi maTematika,
algebra,
geometria,
geografia,
biologia, ucxo
ena...buneba,
istoria,
geografia, fizika,
qimia... esTetika,
istoria,
saqarTvelos
istoria,
msoflio istoria,
qarTuli ena...
momsaxurebis
obieqtebi,
personalebi,
aqtivobebi
supermarketi,
Sesasvleli,
gamosasvleli,
sakaso aparati,
xurda, afTiaqi,
afTiaqari,
gamyidveli,
molare gazomva,
arCeva, yidva,
gadaWra, moWra,
Sexveva,
fostalioni,
fosta, banki,
bankomati, fulis
gamotana, fulis
Setana
fulis gadaricxva,
safunTuSe,
saxaWapure,
sasursaTo maRazia,
naWrebis maRazia...
gamocxoba, SekveTa,
fulis gadaxda...
fexsacmlis
SekeTeba,
sursaTi, kveba,
kvebis
produqtebi,
kvebis obieqtebi,
produqti, puri,
lavaSi, yveli,
karaqi, jemi,
muraba, xilis
xorci, Semwvari,
moxarSuli, xili,
Zveli produqti,
axli xorci,
kafe, restorani,
bari, piceria,
sasadilo,
saxaWapure, SekveTa,
194
aqtivobebi koka-kola sasmeli,
yavis moxarSva,
Cais aduReba,
momzadeba
gayinuli xorci,
gamocxoba...
safirmo kerZi,
barmeni, mzareuli...
sadResaswaulo
sufra, civi
kerZebi, cxeli
kerZebi, mwvadi,
xinkali, xinklis
moxveva,
gatarebuli xorci,
transporti,
personali
transporti,
SuqniSani,
moZraobis wesebi,
avtobusSi asvla,
Camosvla, gadaxda,
gaCereba, adgilis
daTmoba, avtobusis
mZRoli, taqsis
mZRoli
metro, wriuli
transporti,
dajarimeba,
mgzavri,
mgzavrebiT
datvirTuli,
fexiT
mosiaruleTa
gadasasvleli,
gzajvaredini,
patruli.
msubuqi manqana,
satvirTo manqana,
benzingasamarTi,
samarSruto taqsi,
avtobusi, metros
vagoni,
avtosamrecxao,
kulturuli
obieqtebi,
personali
Teatri, dekoracia,
reJisori, msaxiobi,
anSlagi, premiera,
piesis avtori,
Semsruleblebi,
taSi, piesis
dadgma,
operis Teatri,
antraqti, parteri,
iarusi, libreto,
orkestri, pianisti,
momRerali,
balerina,
baleroni,
violino,
diriJori,
samxatvro galerea,
sagamofeno
darbazi, portreti,
peizaJi,
naturmorti, zeTis
saRebavebi,
akvareli, grafika,
gamofena,
qandakeba...
masmedia gazeTi, Jurnali,
televizia, radio
presa, statia,
Jurnalisti,
mowinave statia,
saTauri,
reportaJi, qronika,
sensacia,
danaSauli,
dajildoeba,
korespondenti,
respodenti,
reklama,
sareklamo
gancxadeba...
gazeTebi: `24
saaTi~,
`rezonansi~,
`sityva da saqme~,
`saqarTvelos
reqspublika~...
gasarTobi,
Tavisufali dro,
saTamaSoebi,
TamaSebi
kompiuteruli
TamaSebi
diskoTeka, kafeSi
wasvla, fexburTi,
CogburTi, sportze
siaruli,
mwvrTneli, goli,
Cempionati,
fexburTeli,
laSqroba,
eqskursia,
mxiarulTa da
sazrianTa klubi,
gamarjveba, mogeba,
wageba,
195
kalaTburTeli....
dResaswaulebi,
zeimebi
dabadebis dRis
aRniSvna, qalTa
dRe, milocva,
saCuqari, mirTmeva
ojaxuri zeimi,
stumrebi,
stumrebis
dapatiJeba, miReba
Tbilisoba,
erovnuli
dResaswauli,
damoukideblobis
dRe, religiuri
dResaswauli,
dResaswaulis
aRniSvna....
2.3 individis
orientirebi
dro xuTs aklia aTi
wuTi; xval, guSin
guSinwin,
guSinwiniswin
zeg, mazeg
sezonebi gazafxuli,
zafxuli,
Semodgoma,
zamTari.
zamTar-zafxul
kviris dReebi orSabaTs, kviras... am kviraSi, am
TveSi...
Tveebi seqtemberSi,
agvistoSi...
seqtembrisTvis,
noembrisTvis
dRis monakveTebi,
dRe/Rame
dila, saRamo,
SuadRe, SuaRame,
dilas, saRamos,
RamiT, SuadRisas,
SuaRamisas
dilas, saRamos,
SuadReze...
Zalian adre,
ganTiadisas
drois
gansazRvra
dilis cxra
saaTia, saRamos
Svidi saaTia, Ramis
ori saaTia
xuT saaTze, xuTis
aT wuTze, xuTis
naxevarze...
xuTisTvis saxlSi
viqnebi, xuTamde,
xuTidan Svidamde...
sivrce CrdiloeTi,
samxreTi,
aRmosavleTi,
dasavleTi.
CrdiloeTiT,
samxreTiT,
aRmosavleTiT,
dasavleTiT.
CrdiloeTisken,
samxreTisken,
aRmosavleTisken,
dasavleTisken.
adgilmdebareoba skolaSi,
skolasTan,
skolamde
axlos, Sors,
Soriaxlos,
marcxniv, marjvniv...
moSorebiT.
simaRleze,
siRrmeSi...
maxasiaTeblebi rkinis, xis plastmasis
feri muqi yavisferi, Ria
yavisferi
oqrosferi,
vercxlisferi...
Ria feri, muqi
feri (feris)
momwvano,
mocisfro,
moTeTro, moSavo....
zoma didi maqvs, patara
maqvs
36 nomeri
fexsacmeli
42 zoma Sarvali,
yvelaze patara
zoma, yvelaze didi
zoma,
forma ovaluri, samkuTxedis
formis,
kvadratuli,
marTkuTxa...
wona grami, kilogrami centneri tona
raodenoba naxevari mesamedi, mexuTedi
temperatura Zalian civi, celsiusiT 30 plius-minus 5
196
Zalian cxeli,
Tbili, grili,
nel-Tbili.
gradusi... gradusi....
Semadgenloba Salis, bambis,
qaRaldis,
plastmasis, xis,
rkinis, brinjaos,
oqros, vercxlis,
platinis...
ricxvebi 1000-dan zemoT.... 10000-mde 10000-is zemoT...
1.000 000 ....
gramatika
metyvelebis nawilebi VII-X klasebi arsebiTi saxeli 1. mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi, warmoeba. 2.
moTxrobiTi, micemiTi brunvebi 3. micemiTi brunvis
Tandebulebi: -viT, -Tan, -ze, -Si 4. naTesaobiTi brunvis
Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken... 5. viTarebiTi brunvis
Tandebulebi -mde, -idan -mde.
zedsarTavi saxeli zedsarTavis xarisxis formebi: odnaobiTi mo-o, da
ufroobiTi u-es.
ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (rTuli, Sedgenili)
rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi, wilobiTi ricxviTi
saxelebi.
nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi,
nacvalsaxelebi
zmna zmnis uRleba pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT; axlandeli,
warsuli, momavali dro.
zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebi
Tandebuli micemiTis, naTesaobiTis, moqmedebiTis da viTarebiTis
Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT,
Sesaxeb, mier...
nawilaki Ar, ver, nu
kavSiri Da, Tu, magram, rac, vinc
Sorisdebuli sixarulis, wyenis, Seqebis, wyenis gamomxatveli
Sorisdebulebi
winadadeba
winadadebis tipebi
Sedgenilobis mixedviT
1. kiTxviTi winadadeba 2. Zaxilis winadadeba. 3. martivi
gavrcobili winadadeba 4. rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba 5. rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba.
punqtuacia da orTografia
metyvelebis nawilebi
VII-X klasebi
arsebiTi
saxeli
1. saxelTa brunvis formebis marTlwera 2. Tandebulian saxelTa
marTlwera.. 3. sakuTar saxelTa marTlwera
zedsarTavi
saxeli
1. xarisxis formaTa marTlwera. 2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis
brunvaSi SeTanxmeba.
ricxviTi
saxeli
1. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera. (rTuli,
Sedgenili) 2. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera 3.
197
wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera.
nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, nacvalsaxelebis
marTlwera
zmna 1. piris formaTa marTlwera. 2. mravlobiTi ricxvis formaTa
marTlwera.
zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebis marTlwera
Tandebuli micemiTis, naTesaobiTis, moqmedebiTis da viTarebiTis
Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb, mier...
am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera.
nawilaki ar, ver, nu
kavSiri punqtuaciis sakiTxebi kavSirian winadadebaSi. .
Sorisdebuli punqtuaciis sakiTxebi SorisdebulebTan dakavSirebiT.
winadadeba
winadadebis
tipebi
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT
punqtuaciis wesebi rTul winadadebaSi.
sociokultura da kultura
VII-X
• dResaswaulebi da zeimebi • erovnuli dResaswaulebi • tradiciebi, zne-Cveulebebi (sufrasTan, sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesebi, ufros-umcrosoba...)
• Tanamedrove cxovreba (masobrivi kultura, sakomunikacio saSualebebi,
kulturis, savaWro centrebi...) • axalgazrduli yofa (dRis reJimi, Tavisufali
dro, garToba, dasveneba, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi, gatacebebi, saymawvilo
Jurnalebi, gadacemebi, sabavSvo centrebi...) • amierkavkasia (zogadi cnobebi) • geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb • cnobebi saqarTvelos politikuri
wyobis Sesaxeb • dedaqalaqi da misi RirSesaniSnaobebi • cnobebi saqarTvelos
warsulisa da kulturis Sesaxeb • cnobili adamianebi (mwerlebi, xelovanebi,
sportsmenebi, mecnierebi, istoriuli pirebi...) • mniSvnelovani istoriuli
movlenebi • literatura _ leqsebi, adaptirebuli moTxrobebi, igav-arakebi,
legendebi, qarTulad Targmnili maTi mSobliuri enis literaturuli nimuSebi...)
• cnobebi regionis Sesaxeb • cnobebi amierkavkasiis qveynebis warsulidan da maTi
urTierTobis Sesaxeb • saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobani
sametyvelo funqciebi
rubrika X klasi XI klasi XII klasi 1.1 socialuri
urTierTobebi
misalmeba gamarjoba, dila
mSvidobisa, saRamo
mSvidobisa
gaumarjos ra kargia, rom
gnaxeT!
mokiTxva axali ra xdeba?
rogor xarT?
xom kargad
brZandebiT? rogor
Tqvenken ra xdeba?
yvelaferi
198
rogor arian
Tqvenebi? rogoraa
saqmeebi?
gikiTxoT? kargadaa? ras
SvebiT? rogor
xarT? rogor
brZandebiT? rogor
gikiTxoT?
damSvidobeba kargad! kargad
iyavi! kargad
brZandebodeT!
gemSvidobebiT!
momaval
Sexvedramde!
bednierad!
naxvamdis! kargad!
kargad
brZandebodeT!
madlobis
gadaxda
did madlobas
mogaxsenebT!
madlieri var!
Tqveni didad
madlieri var!
madlobas
mogaxsenebT!
udides (uRrmes)
madlobas
mogaxsenebT!
madlobeli var!
Tqveni wyalobaa!
gmadlobT!
mobodiSeba ukacravad!
mapatieT!
mapatieT
SewuxebisaTvis! Tu
SeiZleba,
miTxariT, sad aris
fosta?
vwuxvar, rom ver
gexmarebiT!
ukacravad
SewuxebisaTvis!
Tavaziani
mimarTva
batono daviT,
mobrZandiT,
dabrZandiT!
qalbatono mariam,
SemobrZandiT!
brZaneT, ra
gnebavT? riT
SemiZlia
dagexmaroT?
rogor gekadrebaT!
ras brZanebT!
didi siamovnebiT
dagexmarebiT,
brZaneT, ra
gnebavT! ra
Sewuxebaa! axlave
mogarTmevT!
wardgena, gacnoba me minda gagacnoT
Cemi megobari!
icnobdeT, es Cemi
megobaria, vaxtang
orbeli!
me didi xania
mindoda Tqveni
gacnoba!
vicnobdeT
erTmaneTs: me var
zurab maCabeli!
Tqven? _
sasiamovnoa! me
gaxlavarT amiran
gelovani!
milocva, keTili
survilebis
gamoxatva.
gilocavT! mravals
daeswariT!
gisurvebT did
bednierebas,
janmrTelobas da
DdRegrZelobas!
daglocavT!
gadRegrZelebT!
mraval axal wels
(dabadebis dRes....)
daeswariT!
informaciis
dazusteba,
cudad gagebulis
garkveva
ver gavige, gTxovT,
gaimeoroT!
samwuxarod ver
gavige, gamimeoreT,
Tu SeiZleba!
ver gavige, iqneb
gaimeoroT!
mapatieT, ver
gavige!
me mgoni, sworad
ver gavige, iqneb
gamimeoroT! Tu
SeiZleba,
xelmeored TqviT,
ver gavige!
SeTavazeba,
dapatiJeba,
daTanxmeba, uari
Tu SeiZleba Tqveni
telefonis nomeri
aq damiwereT!
siamovnebiT!
gepatiJebiT
dabadebis dReze!
Zalian gTxovT,
mobrZandeT
CvenTan! didi
siamovnebiT! didi
siamovnebiT
geaxlebiT!
Sevecdebi, magram
ver gpirdebiT!
modi dRes sadme
wavideT! kargi
ideaa, wavideT!
samwuxarod, ver
SevZleb, xval
wavideT! xval, #
saaTze, CvenTan
mobrZandiT am
misamarTze!
199
waxaliseba,
Seqeba
yoCaR ase unda
moqceuliyavi! me
SeniT vamayob!
kargia, YyoCaR!
Zalian kargad
gamoiyurebi! karg
formaSi xar!
Zalian lamazi ram
gacvia!
fantastikuria!
kargi ideaa!
momwons! Sen
Zalian yoCaRi xar!
yoCaR, gamaxare!
interaqcia
sufrasTan
gemrielad
miirTviT!
yvelaferi Zalian
gemrielia!
Tu SeiZleba, kidev
momawodeT!
Zalian gemrielia!
_SegergoT!
gemrielad
miirTviT!
interaqcia
savaWro obieqtSi
Tu SeiZleba, es
naWeri amiwoneT!
Tu SeiZleba es
kostumi
momawodeT!
es Sarvali
momwons, viyidi.
fuli sad
gadavixado?
_salaroSi
gadaixadeT.
ra zomaa es
kostiumi? fasi da
zoma iarliyze
aweria, Tu
SeiZleba, naxeT!
gadaixadeT 65
lari!
interaqcia
mgzavrobisas
TviTmfrinaviT
mifrinav Tu
matarebliT
midixar? saxlSi
taqsiT mivalT.
samsaxurSi
metroTi davdivar.
fostamde fexiT
moival axlosaa.
es samarSruto
taqsi sad midis?
samgzavro
bileTebi unda
SeiZinoT
salaroSi!
aeroportamde ra
nomeri avtobusi
midis?
TviTmfrinavis
bileTebi sad unda
viyido? romel
saaTze mofrinavs
hamburgi_Tbilisi?
aeroportSi romel
saaTze unda iyo?
registracia
romel saaTze
mTavrdeba?
mimowera
(mimarTva /
gamomSvidobeba)
vimedovneb, Senken
yvelaferi
kargadaa! imedi
maqvs, erTmaneTs
male vnaxavT!
mokiTxva gadmogca
dedam da mamam!
gemSvidobebi
saukeTeso
survilebiT...
Zalian mixaria
Seni ambebi.
gisurveb yovelive
kargs! saukeTeso
survilebiT,
mariami!
velodebodi Tqvens
werils! didi
madloba minda
gadagixadoT
werilisTvis!
Zalian sasiamovno
iyo Tqveni werilis
wakiTxva! bodiSs
gixdiT pasuxis
dagvianebisaTvis
telefoniT
saubari
xval aucileblad
dagirekav!
xvalisTvis
damirekeT! vin
gnebavT? cota
xanSi xelmeored
davrekav!
SeiZleba Tqveni
telefoniT
visargeblo?
nomeri SecdomiT
akrifeT. Tqven
arasworad akrifeT
nomeri, SeamowmeT!
axla saxlSi ar
aris, mogvianebiT
darekeT! gadaeciT,
rom giam daureka.
me saministrodan
girekavT.
interaqcia
kamaTisas,
diskusiisas
me Tqven ar
geTanxmebiT. me
ase ar vfiqrob.
ver dageTanxmebiT.
Tqveni azri Zalian
sainteresoa, magram
ver dageTanxmebiT.
naTqvams minda
davumato... me mainc
mgonia, rom...
Tqveni mosazreba
sainteresoa. Tqveni
damokidebuleba
sainteresoa, magram
Cven amis Sesaxeb
sxva azri gvaqvs.
geTanxmebiT da
200
Tqvens naTqvams
unda davumato
Semdegi:
1.2 informaciis gacvla
piradi
monacemebi:
saxeli, gvari,
asaki, misamarTi,
dabadebis
TariRi.
Tqven vin
brZandebiT? me
gaxlavarT... sad
moRvaweobT? me
skolaSi vmuSaob.
Tqveni telefonis
nomeri, Tu
SeiZleba.
ra gvaris
brZandebiT? Tqveni
dabadebis TariRi?
Tqveni
sacxovrebeli
adgili? Tqveni
zusti misamarTi
da safosto
indeqsi:
me gaxlavarT...
amJamad me
vswavlob...vmuSaob...
erovnebis da
warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb
saidan brZandebiT?
sadauri
brZandebiT? me
javaxeTidan / qvemo
qarTlidan
gaxlavarT.
me somexi /
azerbaijaneli /
qarTveli / rusi /
ebraeli /
ukraineli...
gaxlavarT, magram
saqarTveloSi
vcxovrob /
saqarTvelos
moqalaqe var.
ra erovnebis
brZandebiT?
romeli qveynis
moqalaqe
brZandebiT?
mamaCemi erovnebiT
somexia, deda -rusi
Cven saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebi varT.
Tavisufali dro Tu SeiZleba,
Tqveni hobis
Sesaxeb gviTxariT?
me momwons cekva me
vagroveb monetebs,
maqvs didi
koleqcia
sad isvenebT
xolme? sad
dadixarT xolme
dasasveneblad?
qalaqgareT
dasvneba giyvarT?
ukrav? srialeb? ra
gainteresebT?
mainteresebs
xelovneba.
profesia is xelovania is
direqtorad
muSaobs. is
mTargmnelia /
Tarjimania. is
bavSvTa eqimia.
me minda
maswavlebeli
gavxde, imitom rom
Zalian miyvars
bavSvebi.
_sad moRvaweobT?
_me vmuSaob
biblioTekaSi.
janmrTeloba Tavs rogor
grZnob? dRes Tavs
rogor grZnobT?
gmadlobT, kargad.
axla cota
ukeTesad var.
Tavs kargad ver
vgrZnob. SeiZleba
wavide? Tavi
saSinlad mtkiva.
dRes eqims unda
gavesinjo, Tavs
kargad ver
vgrZnob. Tvalebi
mibneldeba
alergiuli var /
alergia maqvs
mtverze.
amindi dRes kargi, Tbili
amindia. uqaro
amindia. arc ise
Zalian cxela,
kargi amindia. didi
/ Zlieri qari
amovarda.
kokispirulad
wvims. yinavs,
albaT gaTovdeba.
wvimam ukve
gadaiRo. mTaSi
zvavia.
amindis prognozi
rogoria? wvimaa
gamocxadebuli.
cvalebadi
moRrublulobaa
gamocxadebuli.
1.3 aRwera,
201
daxasiaTeba
adamianis
garegnoba,
Cacmuloba
Zalian lamazia,
simpaTiuria.
tanadia. kargi
Tmebi aqvs.
qeraTmiania.
msuqania. Zalian
gamxdaria. sustia.
lamazi Tvalebi
aqvs. kargi Rimili
aqvs. gemovnebiani
adamiania
vis hgavs
mSvenivrad
gamoiyureba, karg
formaSia.
aristokratuli
garegnoba aqvs.
kargi garegnobisaa.
Txovnis
gamoxatva
Tu SeiZleba...
gTxovT... Zalian
gTxovT...
gemudarebiT...
gexvewebiT...
umorCilesad
gTxovT. Tu
TqvenTvis Zneli ar
iqneba...
keTili neba
gamoiCineT. iqneb
SeZloT...
adamianis xasiaTi ampartavania.
moridebuli
adamiania.
megobrulia.
seriozuli
pirovnebaa.
niWieria.
uniWieresia.
mkacria. umkacresi
adamiania kargi
pirovnebaa.
jiutia.
daujerebelia.
uzrdelia.
zrdilobiania.
samarTliania.
usamarTloa.
umaduria.
sagnis aRwera sufTaa. binZuria..
dalagebulia.
daulagebelia.
oTaxi areulia.
didia, modidoa,
udidesia,
uzarmazaria,
veeberTelaa...
pataraa, momcroa,
erTi cicqnaa...
moxatulia,
moCuqurTmebulia,
mopirkeTebulia,
mooqrovilia,
movercxlilia,
monikelebulia...
1.4 Sefaseba,
damokidebuleba
mowoneba,
armowoneba
brwyinlale ideaa.
Zalian momewona.
arc ise Zalian
momewona.
mosawonia. araa
mosawoni.
Zalian kargia.
mSvenieria.
brwyinvalea,
umaRlesi donisaa.
saSualo donisaa.
dabali donisaa.
mosawyeni.
mosabezrebeli.
gasarTobia.
seriozuli
nawarmoebia.
Sedevria.
sakuTari azris,
STabeWdilebis,
poziciis
gamoxatva
samwuxarodD Cemi
azriT, me vfiqrob...
me mirCevnia. jobia
arasworia.
daujerebelia!
warmoudgenelia!
fantastikuria
Cemda samwuxarod,
sazogadod Cemi
mosazrebiT...
rogorc Cans... ra
Tqma unda...
rasakvirvelia..
1.5 saWiroeba
survili
gamoxatva
me minda... me
mWideba... me
visurvebdi... ra
SeiZleba
gavakeToT?
kargi iqneboda,
sxvagvarad
gagvekeTebina... me
girCev... jobia,
waxvide, uTxra...
Sen es ar
gamogadgeba. me
girCev, ase moiqce.
verafers girCev,
Sen unda
gadawyvito!
1.6 emociis
gamoxatva
sixaruli,
kmayofileba
bednierebaa.
kmayofili var.
SesaniSnavia!
brwyinvalea!
is kmayofilia.
Zalian
yuradRebiania. es
saocreba iyo! me
sakmaod kmayofili
var. saukeTeso
gamosvla iyo!
damakmayofi-
202
saukeTesoa!
saSinelebaa!
ubednieresi var.
moxaruli var.
lebelia!
aradamakmayofileb
elia!
sinanuli samwuxaroa.
vwuxvar! Zalian
vwuxvar! Zalian
cud mdgomareobaSi
var.
me Zalian vwuxvar
amis gamo! me vnanob
amis Sesaxeb!
Zalian sawyenia!
amaze fiqric ki ar
minda. Zneli
saTqmelia.
Cvenda samwuxarod!
Cvenda savalalod!
Zalian mwyins!
Cvenda
saubedurod!! ra
samwuxaroa!
gafiqrebac ki
Znelia...
brazi Zalian samwuxaroa!
saSinelebaa!
nu brazobO! nu
nerviulobT! amaze
nu fiqrobT!
arc ifiqroT!
rogor gabedeT? es
ra sakadrebelia?!
eWvi, varaudi veWvob, as ar aris.
SeiZleba.
SesaZlebelia.
darwmunebuli ara
var.
me mgoni... me
mgonia, ar mova. Sen
rogor fiqrob?
ara mgonia,
movides. mas
SeeZlo, ase ar
moqceuliyo.
gakvirveba me gakvirvebuli
var. me gaognebuli
var. ra siurprizia!
ra moxda?
marTla ase iyo?
mikvirs,
gasaocaria. ar
megona.
xumrob? nuTu
marTla ase
moiqca? ras
gulisxmobT? risi
Tqma gsurT?
marTla? amis
dajereba ar
SemiZlia,
daujerebelia...
SiSi saSiSia. me meSinia
am ambis. me misi
meSinia.
cecxlis / wylis /
siswrafis meSinia.
arafris ar meSinia.
SegaSineT? ar
mindoda,
SemeSinebineT. nu
geSiniaT! nu
SegeSindebaT!
interesi me miyvars kiTxva.
me mainteresebs
deteqtivebi. me
Zalian mexerxeba
xatva.
me mainteresebs
qimia / fizika /
biologia...
mas xatvis niWi
aqvs. yvelaferSi
niWieria.
uniWieresia.
indiferentuloba me ar mainteresebs.
sul ar
mainteresebs.
CemTvis amas
mniSvneloba ara
aqvs.
aranair
mniSvnelobas ar
vaniWeb. ara mgonia,
es saintereso iyos.
amaze ar mifiqria.
1.7 droSi orientireba
droSi ganTavseba dilas / diliT
saRamos /
saRamoTi,
SuadRisas, RamiT,
SuaRamisas
dilaobiT
saRamoobiT
orSabaTobiT...
SabaTobiT... arc
ise didxans, cota
xans, cota xniT
TveobiT,
kviraobiT,
wlobiT, wlidan
wlamde, drodadro
qronologia mere, Semdeg, jer..
pirvelad... meored...
Tavidan bolomde,
SarSan, SarSanwin,
Wels, gaisad,
mermiss, momavalSi
203
sixSire xSirad, iSviaTad,
yovelTvis, zogjer
arasdros
erTxel, yoveldRe,
yovelTve /
yovelTviurad
yovel wels /
yovelwliurad
yovelkvireulad
yoveldRiurad
yovel or
weliwadSi, yovel
meore dRes, yovel
meore kviras,
TiTqmis yovelTvis,
yovelTvis, sul,
ganuwyvetliv
xangrZlivoba ramden xans
grZeldeba? sul
oci wuTi sWirdeba.
erTi saaTis
ganmavlobaSi.
ramden xans
darCebi? mudam.
mudmivad,
samudamod
mTeli dRis
ganmavlobaSi.
orSabaTidan. didi
xniT. aqamde. mTeli
dRiT / RamiT. sanam
gavakeTeb...
mTeli dRiT.
mTeli RamiT.
mTeli TviT /
wliT. dilidan
saRamomde. adre
dilidan gvian
Ramemde.
siCqare Cqara. swrafad.
nela. uswrafesad
mTeli siswrafiT.
iCqare! nu Cqarob!
ra neli xar!
swrafad gaakeTe!
saocrad swrafad.
ra siCqariT /
siswrafiT?
swrafad, magram
frTxilad.
1.8 sivrceSi orientireba
adgilmdebareoba gverdiT. axlos.
SuaSi aq / iq
marjvniv / marcxniv
miwaze / caSi Sors
/ axlos
Soriaxlos
aqve / iqve. sad
aris metro?
metros pirdapir,
metros
paralelurad,
metros
mopirdapire
mxares, metros
pirispir
iciT sad aris
metro? xom ver
mimaswavliT
metros?
SegiZliaT
miTxraT, sad
aris...?
mimarTuleba rogor mivide
aeroportSi? wadiT
pirdapir mouxvieT
marjvniv / marcxniv
romeli gziT
mival? am / im
gziT...
xom ver metyviT,
rogor mivide? es
aeroportis gzaa?
miwisqveSa
gadasasvleli.
fexiT
mosiaruleTa
gadasasvleli
axlosaa, fexiT
savalzea rogor
mivide uaxloes
gaCerebamde? im
mimarTulebiT ra
transporti dadis?
1.9 logikuri kavSiris gamoxatva
rTuli
winadadeba:
mizezi, Sedegi,
pirobiToba,
mizani, opozicia...
me davagviane,
radgan dameZina.
saxlSi imitom
darCa, rom Tavs
SeuZlod grZnobda.
is avadaa, amitom
ver mova. masTan
wavida, raTa mis
saqmis gamo
samsaxurSi ver
wavedi. aq imisTvis
movida, rom es
saqme gaakeTos.
kaci, romelic
davinaxe, Cemi
mezobeli aRmoCnda.
kacma, romelic Cem
win idga, Cemi xma
ver gaigo. kaci,
romelmac
gamarjoba miTxra,
male wavida. kacs,
romelic Cem win
idga, gamarjoba
204
1.9 logikuri
kavSiris
gamoxatva
gverdiT yofiliyo.
fuli rom mqondes,
aucileblad
viyididi. Tu
wavedi,
aucileblad
viyidi. is male
mova, magram maleve
unda wavides.
kaci, romelsac
Sevxvdi, Cemi
mezobeli aRmoCnda.
ver vuTxari,
radgan ver vicani.
1.10 iribi
naTqvami
giorgim Tqva, rom
xval skolaSi ver
mova.
dedam mTxova, rom
maRaziaSi
Sevsuliyavi..
ramdenjer giTxari,
ase nu akeTeb-meTqi!
dedas vuTxari,
puri wamoiRe-Tqo.
gviTxra, ase ar
unda moiqceTo.
1.11 nebarTva,
valdebuleba,
akrZalva
Tu SeiZleba,
miTxariT... Tu
SeiZleba, maTxoveT
wigni. Sexeba /
axlos misvla
akrZalulia!
SeCerdiT! gza
Tavisufalia.!
frTxilad, karebi
iketeba!
frTxilad iyavi!
nu daanagvianebT!
waikiTxeT
instruqcia!
daicaviT siCume!
moxsenebaa,
daicaviT siCume!
moweva akrZalulia!
1.12 interaqcia
saklaso oTaxSi
maswavleblis
miTiTebebi
waikiTxeT teqsti
damoukideblad da
SeasruleT Semdegi
davaleba.
amoiwereT
teqstidan...
waikiTxeT Semdegi
abzaci. ra iyo
gaugebari teqstSi?
miaqcieT yuradReba
saTaurs da pirvel
winadadebas.
gamoyaviT abzacSi
mTavari azris
gamomxatveli
winadadeba.
gadmoeciT teqsti
Tqveni sityvebiT.
gadmoeciT teqstis
Sesaxeb Tqveni
damokidebuleba.
daasabuTeT Tqveni
mosazreba.
SeadgineT Txrobis
/ msjelobis gegma.
mimarTvebi,
SekiTxvebi
maswavleblisadmi
rveuli saxlSi
damrCa. me dRes
mzad ara var. Tu
SeiZleba meore
gakveTilze
gipasuxebT. ver
gavige, Tu
SeiZleba
gaimeoreT! Tu
SeiZleba, kidev
amixseniT! gTxovT,
xelmeored
amixsnaT!
SeiZleba gkiTxoT?
ras niSnavs?
teqstSi gaugebaria
sityvebi...
gavagrZelo?
wavikiTxo? romel
gverdzea
savarjiSo? saidan
gavagrZelo?
SegiZliaT,
damexmaroT?
rogoraa
qarTulad...? ra
ver gavige ra da
rogor davwero.
jer gegma
SevadginoT? gegma
rogor davwero? es
sakiTxi ar vici.
SeiZleba davamato?
ver gipasuxebT.
calke vimuSao Tu
wyvilSi? romeli
savarjiSo
davwero? xelaxla
davwero
205
wavikiTxav. hqvia qarTulad
....s?
savarjiSo?
leqsika
individi nimuSebi X-XII klasebisaTvis
garegnoba maRali, dabali, gamxdari, qeraTmiani, SavTmiani,
xuWuWTmiani... wiTuri, Seuxedavi, kargi Sesaxedavi susti,
mxarbeWiani, warmosadegi, lamazi... cisferTvaleba,
SavTvaleba, mwvaneTvaleba swori cxviri, klasikuri
garegnoba.
xasiaTi mxiaruli, seriozuli, sevdiani, araseriozuli guladi,
mamaci, uSiSari, uxeSi, Tavaziani, zrdilobiani, uzrdeli...
keTili, patiosani, samarTliani, usamarTlo, amayi,
ampartavani, akuratuli, sufTa, binZuri...
higiena, aqtivobebi dabana, davarcxna, dasufTaveba, varjiSi, kbilebis gamoxexva,
Sxapis miReba... Sampuni, saponi, savarcxeli, kremi, Rrubeli,
burTuliani dezodori, piradi higiena, piradi higienis
dacva, civi Sxapis miReba, saparsi... mkvebavi kremi, xelis
kremi
janmrTeloba,
avadmyofoba,
aqtivobebi
gripiT avad, surdo, gaciebuli, eqimi, eqTani, afTiaqSi
wamlis yidva, xvelebis wamali, Tavis tkivilis wamali...
eqimis gamoZaxeba, wola, wamlis miReba, daleva (wamlebs
vsvam) nemsis gakeTeba. angina, xveleba, surdo, sicxiani,
xelis motexa, saavadmyofo, eqTani, eqimi, saswrafo
daxmareba, awuxebs Tavis/kbilis/muclis...tkivili
registratura, miRebaze Cawera...
Sefaseba, emociuri
reaqciebi
kargad, SesaniSnavad vgrZnob Tavs, SeuZlod var...
gaxarebuli, Sewuxebuli, gaocebuli, gakvirvebuli,
gaognebuli... sircxvili, SiSi, wyena, sixaruli,
originaloba, sirTule, gabrazebuli, nawyeni, gajavrebuli,
ukmayofilo, gancda, aRelveba... rTuli xasiaTi, sirTule,
ise ra, nel-nela, arc ise kargad, ara uSavs, gancda,
gadatana nerviulobis, ubedurebis... Caketili pirovneba,
komunikabeluri adamiani, gaxsnili, rTuli, cudi, kargi
pirovneba
aqtivobebi X XI XII
aRqma da
inteleqtualu
ri aqtivobebi
naxva, gageba,
gagoneba,
gaxseneba,
daviwyeba,
mogoneba, gageba,
mofiqreba,
dafiqreba,
gaanalizeba,
gacnobiereba,
SegrZneba,
aRelveba,
dawynareba,
damSvideba,
garToba,
gulis
gadayoleba.
Cafiqreba, dafiqreba,
gaanalizeba, winaswar
ganWvreta, xedva, smena,
gacnobiereba, gaziareba
206
telefoniT
sargebloba
darekva, pasuxi,
yurmilis aReba,
yurmilis
dakideba,
gaTiSva, nomris
akrefa, Txovna....
Jetonis
Cagdeba, monos
Casma,
xelmeored
darekva,
dakaveba,
gabmuli
zumeri,
wyvetili
zumeri,
avtomopasuxe.
informaciis datoveba,
avtomopasuxis mosmena, nomris
amocnoba, telefonis datena,
elementi dajda,
gadauxdelobis gamo gaTiSva...
individis garemocva X XI XII
adamianebi qali, mamakaci,
gogona, biWi,
moxuci,
axalgazrda,
dabadeba,
sikvdili, gazrda,
aRzrda
adamiani, xalxi,
mozardi,
zrdasruli,
nacnobi, megobari,
amxanagi, kolega,
TanamSromeli,
Tanaklaseli
moqalaqe, naTesavi,
axlobeli,
mezobeli,
Tanaqalaqeli,
Tanamemamule,
bavSvoba,
axalgazrdoba,
sibere, Rrmad
moxucebuloba,
gardacvaleba,
TanagrZnoba...
ojaxi, naTesavebi mSoblebi,
sanaTesao, ded-
mama, da-Zma, bebia,
papa, deida, mamida,
biZa, bicola,
mamidaSvili,
biZaSvili, ojaxis
wevri...
qmari, coli,
meuRle, ucolo,
gauTxovari,
gasaTxovari,
rZali, siZe,
patarZali, nefe-
dedofali,
qorwili, daniSvna,
niSnoba, Zeoba,
gardacvaleba,
dakrZalva...
sazogadoeba da
saxelmwifo
qalaqi,
dedaqalaqi,
prezidenti,
mTavroba,
parlamenti,
konstitucia,
fuli, ekonomika,
mrewveloba...
xelfasi,
stipendia, pensia,
daxmareba...
diasaxlisi,
samsaxuri,
inJineri,
arqiteqtori,
mZRoli,
maswavlebeli...
xelisufleba,
politikuri
partia,
sasamarTlo,
prokuratura,
jari, policia,
saministro,
administracia,
departamenti
ganaTleba samaswavleblo,
klaseli,
skoleli, saaqto
darbazi, davaleba,
savarjiSo,
davalebis dawera,
ucxo enis
maswavlebeli,
organizatori,
mdivani, klasis
xelmZRvaneli,
laboranti,
profesiis arCeva,
saSualo
ganaTleba,
profesiuli
ganaTleba,
umaRlesi
207
cxrili... damlagebeli..
gadmowera,
kiTxvebze pasuxis
gacema, savarjiSos
Sesruleba...
qarTuli enis
kabineti....
mSobliuri enis
kabineti,
geografiis
kabineti... anketis
Sevseba,
saxelmZRvanelos
wakiTxva, dRiuris
Sevseba,
gamokiTxva,
sakontrolo wera,
testireba
saswavlebeli,
erTiani erovnuli
gamocdebi,
atestati,
arasruli
ganaTleba, sruli
saSualo
ganaTleba,
dawyebiTi skola,
sabazo skola,
saSualo skola,
koleji, liceumi,
gimnazia,
instituti,
universiteti,
studenti,
leqtori,
xelmZRvaneli.
kvebis obiqtebi, personali, aqtivobebi
kafe, bari,
restorani, meniu,
sadili, sasmeli,
porcia, Semwvari,
moSuSuli, mwvadi,
soko, salaTi,
xilis wveni,
nayini, mimtani,
angariSi...
kafe-bari, piceria,
erovnuli
samzareulo,
qarTuli kerZebi...
safirmo kerZis
SekveTa barmeni,
mzareuli,
sadResaswaulo
sufra, civi kerZi,
cxeli kerZi,
sadili, nigvziani
badrijani, soko
kecze, xinkali,
mwvadi, xaWapuri,
lavaSi,
tkbileuloba,
qarTuli Rvino,
limonaTi,
Sampanuri,
qarTuli koniaki,
mineraluri
wyali...
mgzavroba, gadaadgileba
transporti,
SuqniSani,
moZraobis wesebi,
avtobusSi asvla,
Camosvla, gadaxda,
gaCereba, adgilis
daTmoba,
avtobusis mZRoli,
taqsis mZRoli,
piradi mZRoli,
gamcilebeli...
metro, wriuli
transporti,
dajarimeba,
mgzavri,
mgzavrebiT
datvirTuli,
fexiT
mosiaruleTa
gadasasvleli,
gzajvaredini,
patruli. msubuqi
manqana, satvirTo
manqana,
benzingasamarTi,
samarSruto taqsi,
avtobusi, metros
vagoni, sadguri,
bavSvis adgili,
invalidis adgili,
aeroflotis
momsaxureba...
sabaJo kontroli,
SefuTva bargis,
xelbargi, savizo
reJimi, vizis
gagrZeleba,
sastumroSi
dabinaveba,
sadilis SekveTa,
damuxruWeba,
bargis Senaxva...
kulturuli obieqtebi, personali,
muzeumi,
xelovnebis
eqsperti,
kinofestivali,
Jiuri, prizi,
gamarjvebuli,
Teatri,
sakoncerto
darbazi, bileTi,
208
aqtivobebi samxatvro
galerea, ferwera,
monumenturi
xelovneba,
portreti,
gamofena-gayidva,
mxatvari,
moqandake...
xelovani,
estradis
varskvlavi,
nawyveti filmidan,
mTavari rolis
Semsrulebeli,
varskvlavi,
gamoCenili
msaxiobi,
dajavSna, axali
dadgma, debiuti,
premiera, reJisori,
operatori,
scenaris avtori,
mTavari roli,
epizoduri rolis
Semsrulebeli,
banki, personali,
aqtivobebi
fulis (valutis)
gadacvla,
dolaris, evros
kursi larTan
mimarTebiT...
sabanko
momsaxureba,
bankomati, kodis
akrefa, sakredito
baraTi, bankis
mmarTveli,
molare...
sesxi, sesxis
dafarva, sabanko
angariSi,
gadaricxva,
angariSze
Caricxva,angariSze
Setana,
masmedia presa, gazeTi,
Jurnali,
biuleteni,
sareklamo
furceli,
sareklamo
gancxadeba, statia,
interviu,
reportaJi,
qronika,
danaSauli,
mkvleloba,
organizebuli
danaSauli,
yviTeli presa,
mkiTxvelTa
werilebi,
sazogadoebriv-
politikuri
gamocema...
televizia, radio,
sazogadoebrivi
televizia,
komerciuli
arxebi,
teleprograma,
sainformacio
programa,
specialuri
gamoSveba,
stiqiuri
ubedureba,
ekologiuri
katastrofa,
samecniero-
popularuli
gadacema,
koncerti,
prezidentis
gamosvla,
telexidi, wamyvani,
teleJurnalisti,
korespondenti...
interneti,
eleqtronuli
fosta, imeili,
onlaini,
internetiT
sargebloba,
werilis miReba-
gagzavna,
kompiuteris
daviruseba...
garToba,
Tavisufali dro,
sporti,
aqtivobebi
diskoTeka,
sportze siaruli,
varjiSi, gundi,
mogeba-wageba,
sportsmeni, msaji
mwvrTneli,
Cempioni
laSqroba,
eqskursia,
mxiarulTa da
sazrianTa klubi,
gamarjveba, mogeba,
wageba
Tavisufali drois
gatareba, drois
kargad / cudad
gatareba,
olimpiada,
olimpiuri
saxeobebi...
dro xuTs aklia aTi
wuTi; xval, guSin
guSinwin,
guSinwiniswin
zeg, mazeg
sezonebi gazafxuli,
zafxuli,
Semodgoma,
zamTar-zafxul
209
zamTari.
kviris dReebi orSabaTs, kviras... am kviraSi, am
TveSi...
Tveebi seqtemberSi,
agvistoSi...
seqtembrisTvis,
noembrisTvis
dRis monakveTebi,
dRe/Rame
dila, saRamo,
SuadRe, SuaRame,
dilas, saRamos,
RamiT, SuadRisas,
SuaRamisas
dilas, saRamos,
SuadReze...
Zalian adre,
ganTiadisas
drois
gansazRvra
dilis cxra
saaTia, saRamos
Svidi saaTia, Ramis
ori saaTia
xuT saaTze, xuTis
aT wuTze, xuTis
naxevarze...
xuTisTvis saxlSi
viqnebi, xuTamde,
xuTidan Svidamde...
sivrce CrdiloeTi,
samxreTi,
aRmosavleTi,
dasavleTi.
CrdiloeTiT,
samxreTiT,
aRmosavleTiT,
dasavleTiT.
CrdiloeTisken,
samxreTisken,
aRmosavleTisken,
dasavleTisken.
adgilmdebareoba skolaSi,
skolasTan,
skolamde
axlos, Sors,
Soriaxlos,
marcxniv,
marjvniv...
moSorebiT,
simaRleze,
siRrmeSi...
maxasiaTeblebi rkinis, xis plastmasis
feri muqi yavisferi, Ria
yavisferi
oqrosferi,
vercxlisferi...
Ria feri, muqi
feri (feris)
momwvano,
mocisfro,
moTeTro, moSavo....
zoma didi maqvs, patara
maqvs
36 nomeri
fexsacmeli
42 zoma Sarvali,
yvelaze patara
zoma, yvelaze
didi zoma,
forma ovaluri, samkuTxedis
formis,
kvadratuli,
marTkuTxa...
wona grami, kilogrami centneri tona
raodenoba naxevari mesamedi, mexuTedi
temperatura Zalian civi,
Zalian cxeli,
Tbili, grili,
nel-Tbili.
celsiusiT 30
gradusi...
plus-minus 5
gradusi....
Semadgenloba Salis, bambis,
qaRaldis,
plastmasis, xis,
rkinis, brinjaos,
oqros, vercxlis,
platinis...
ricxvebi 1000-dan zemoT.... 10000-mde 10000-is zemoT...
1.000 000 ....
gramatika
metyvelebis
nawilebi
X-XII
arsebiTi 1. mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi, warmoeba. 2. moTxrobiTi,
micemiTi brunvebi 3. micemiTi brunvis Tandebulebi: -viT, -Tan, -ze,
210
-Si 4. naTesaobiTi brunvis Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken... 5.
viTarebiTi brunvis Tandebulebi -mde, -idan -mde.
zedsarTavi
saxeli
zedsarTavis xarisxis formebi: odnaobiTi mo-o, da ufroobiTi u-
es.
ricxviTi
saxeli
raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (rTuli, Sedgenili) rigobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebi, wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi.
nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, mimarTebiTi
nacvalsaxelebi
zmna zmnis uRleba pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT: axlandeli, warsuli,
momavali dro. brZanebiTi kilo, kavSirebiTi kilo
zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis, zoma-odenobis, jerobis zmnizedebi
Tandebuli micemiTis, naTesaobiTis, moqmedebiTis da viTarebiTis
Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb, mier...
nawilaki ar, ver, nu
kavSiri da, Tu, magram, rac, vinc, rom, romelic, radgan, raTa...
Sorisdebuli sixarulis, wyenis, Seqebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi
winadadeba
winadadebis
tipebi
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT
1. kiTxviTi winadadeba 2. Zaxilis winadadeba. 3. martivi
gavrcobili winadadeba 4. rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba 5.
rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba.
punqtuacia da orTografia
metyvelebis
nawilebi
X-XII
arsebiTi saxeli 1. saxelTa brunvis formebis marTlwera 2. Tandebulian
saxelTa marTlwera... 3. sakuTar saxelTa marTlwera
zedsarTavi saxeli 1. xarisxis formaTa marTlwera. 2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis
brunvaSi SeTanxmeba.
ricxviTi saxeli 1. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera. (rTuli,
Sedgenili) 2. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera 3.
wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera.
nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, nacvalsaxelebis
marTlwera
zmna 1. I piris formaTa marTlwera. 2. mravlobiTi ricxvis
formaTa marTlwera.
zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebis marTlwera
Tandebuli micemiTis, naTesaobiTis, moqmedebiTis da viTarebiTis
Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb,
mier... am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera.
nawilaki ar, ver, nu
kavSiri punqtuaciis sakiTxebi kavSirian winadadebaSi. .
Sorisdebuli punqtuaciis sakiTxebi SorisdebulebTan dakavSirebiT.
winadadeba
winadadebis tipebis
Sedgeniloba
punqtuaciis wesebi rTul winadadebaSi.
211
sociokultura da kultura
X-XII
• dResaswaulebi da zeimebi • erovnuli dResaswaulebi • tradiciebi, zne-
Cveulebebi (sufrasTan, sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesebi, ufros-umcrosoba...)
• Tanamedrove cxovreba (masobrivi kultura, sakomunikacio saSualebebi,
kulturis, savaWro cntrebi...) • axalgazrduli yofa (dRis reJimi, Tavisufali
dro, garToba, dasveneba, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi, gatacebebi, saymawvilo
Jurnalebi, gadacemebi, sabavSvo centrebi...) • amierkavkasia (zogadi cnobebi)
• geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb • cnobebi saqarTvelos politikuri
wyobis Sesaxeb • dedaqalaqi da misi RirSesaniSnaobebi • cnobebi saqarTvelos
warsulisa da kulturis Sesaxeb • cnobili adamianebi (mwerlebi, xelovanebi,
sportsmenebi, mecnierebi, istoriuli pirebi...) • mniSvnelovani istoriuli
movlenebi • literatura _ leqsebi, adaptirebuli moTxrobebi, igav-arakebi,
legendebi, qarTulad Targmnili maTi mSobliuri enis literaturuli nimuSebi...)
• cnobebi regionis Sesaxeb • cnobebi amierkavkasiis qveynebis warsulidan da maTi
urTierTobis Sesaxeb • saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobani
212
44444 teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis tipebipebipebipebipebi
enis Semswavlels unda davexmaroT teqstis producirebisa da
interpretirebis unaris CamoyalibebaSi. Semswavlels unda SeeZlos enis
flobis miseuli donidan gamomdinare garkveuli teqstebis producireba
da wakiTxuli Tu mosmenili teqstis interpretireba da Sesabamisad
swori, adekvaturi gadawyvetilebis miReba Semdgomi qmedebis Sesaxeb.
Semswavleli, romelmac gaiara enis flobis pirveli sami done da
gadavida zRvruli ganviTarebuli donis masalis Seswavlaze, unda
flobdes sakompensacio taqtikasac. magaliTad, werilobiTi da zepiri
teqstebis aRqmisas mas unda SeeZlos:
_ mTavari da meorexarisxovani informaciis gamoyofa
_ faqtobrivi informaciis gamoyofa
_ Sesabamisi informaciis identificireba
– gagebis mizniT iseTi saorientacio maxasiaTeblebis gamoyeneba,
rogoricaa saTaurebis, ilustraciebis, topografiuli niSnebis (mag.
teqstSi Tavebis gamyofi niSani, paragrafebad dayofis niSani), zepir
teqstSi amave mizniT diskursis iseTi markerebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa
fraza, emfaza, struqturul-relevanturi pauzebi, intonacia da sxva
prosodiuli elementebi.
werilobiTi Tu zepiri teqstidan informaciis amokrefis adekvaturoba
ganisazRvreba komunikantis verbaluri Tu araverbaluri reaqciiT.
verbaluri reaqcia mJRavndeba axali teqstis SeqmnaSi, araverbaluri _
moqmedebaSi, HJestikulaciaSi.. mxolod recefciisaTvis gankuTvnil
teqstebs unda hqondes gamokveTili struqtura da ar unda iyos
damZimebuli zedmeti specifikuri erTeulebiT.
qvemoT mogvaqvs wakiTxvis, audirebis, weris teqstebis tipebi yoveldRiuri
Tu profesiuli urTierTobisaTvis, romlebsac TandaTanobiT unda
daeuflos Semswavleli.
4.1 wakiTxva
abrebi (dawesebulebis, departamentis, ganyofilebis dasaxelebebi)
amindis prognozi
angariSi (sastumroSi, restoranSi, satelefono saubrebis)
anketa (sastumroSi, sakonsuloSi, qarTuli enis Semswavlel kursebze
misaRebad)
afiSa (kinos, Teatris, gamofenis, koncertis)
axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi (yofiTi xasiaTis, samsaxurSi, policiaSi)
bileTi (operis, muzeumis, cirkis)
bileTi (TviTmfrinavis, matareblis, avtobusis)
blanki (telegramis)
broSurebi (prospeqtebi, meToduri SeniSvnebi); umaRlesi saswavleblebis,
enis centrebis (miRebis wesebi, swavlebisa da sagamocdo pirobebi)
213
gancxadeba (Svebulebis aRebaze, binis yidva/gayidvaze, vizis miRebaze,
samsaxuris vakansiebze periodul gamocemebSi, satelevizio reklamebSi)
ganfaseba
gzamkvlevi (muzeumSi, qalaqis, turistuli)
gzis maCvenebeli (aeroportSi, rkinigzis sadgurze, metroSi, quCaSi,
saavadmyofoSi, maRaziaSi)
dokumenti (aeroportSi bargis Senaxvis, manqanis daqiravebis qviTari,
saxlis arendis xelSekruleba)
valutis gacvlis wesebi
instruqcia (wamlis miRebis, telefonze darekvis)
informacia, cnoba ganmarteba (leqsikonidan, enciklopediidan, cnobaridan)
komerciuli winadadebebi (katalogebi, sareklamo prospeqtebi, saqmiani
da oficialuri dokumentebi)
meniu
programa (tele-radio, Teatraluri)
Jurnal-gazeTebis saxelwodebebi, statiebis saTaurebi
reklama ( presaSi gamoqveynebuli, televiziiT gadacemuli _ tele-radio
programebi, kinofilmebi, maRaziebi, momsaxureba, sayofacxovrebo saqoneli...)
recepti (wamlis, kulinariuli)
ruka (geografiuli, fizikuri, politikuri, sagzao, samarSuto)
sabaJo deklaracia
sagzao niSnebi
savizito baraTi
sainformacio werili (gazeTSi, JurnalSi)
sakredito baraTi
samomxmareblo saqonlis pasporti (moxmarebis wesi, sagarantio vada)
samuSao dReebi da saaTebi (maRaziebis, muzeumebis, biblioTekebis,
sagamofeno darbazebis)
safosto misamarTi (konvertze, safosto baraTze, ubis wignakSi)
statiebi ekonomikaSi
sqema (transportis moZraobis marSrutis)
qalaqis gegma
Ceki
cnobari (satelefono, samedicino)
warwera (quCis saxelwodeba, metros, avtobusis gaCerebaze, saavadmyofoSi,
poliklinikaSi, fostaSi, maRaziaSi, saqonlis dasaxeleba, fasi)
werili, faqsi, eleqtronuli fosta, misaloci baraTi, telegrama (piradi,
oficialuri)
4.2 audireba
amindis prognozi (radio-televiziiT)
anonsi (radio da telegadacemebis)
gancxadebebi (rkinigzis da avtosadgurebze, aeroportSi, TviTmfrinavSi,
muzeumSi, stadionze, sazogadoebriv transportSi)
informacia (sagzao, radio-televiziiT gadacemuli)
komerciuli winadadebebi
reklama (radio-televiziiT)
214
satelevizio da radio gadacemebi (iumoristuli, literaturuli,
Teatraluri dadgmebi, mxatvruli kiTxva, Jurnal-gazeTebis mimoxilva,
kulinariuli)
satelefono informacia (avtomopasuxe) amindi, dro.
4.3 wera
weriT metyvelebaSi Semswavleli unda flobdes Semdeg unar-Cvevebs:
aplikaciis, blankis Sevsebis unars
ganacxadi vizis misaRebad, sabaJo deklaracia
anketa (sastumro, kadrebis ganyofilebisaTvis)
safosto gzavnilebisaTvis Sesavsebi formebi
sabanko dokumentebi
standartuli werilebis weris unars
enis kursebze Caricxvis wesebisa da swavlis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb
informaciis miReba
binis daqiravebis pirobebis gageba; sastumros dajavSna
saagarako saxlis aSenebis pirobebis, miwis nakveTis mdebareobis, xedis,
mikroklimatis gageba
saqmiani werilebis wera
mimoweris unars
misaloci baraTis miwera
mosawvevi baraTis miwera
pasuxis gacema milocvaze, miwvevaze (madloba, Tanxmoba, uari)
vrceli werilis miwera piradi cxovrebis, sazogadoebrivi Tu yofiTi
mxaris, ekonomikuri mdgomareobis, politikuri movlenebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis weris unars
samsaxurSi miRebis an samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb
bavSvis baRSi / skolaSi / kolejSi miRebis Sesaxeb
weriT metyvelebaSi Semswavlelma unda icodes:
werilSi / gancxadebaSi TariRis dawera
misamarTis dawera konvertze / safosto baraTze
werilis formis dacva, dasawyisis da daboloebis formulireba,
standartuli frazebis gamoyeneba.
215
5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi
5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi
enis flobis pirveli oTxi donis Semswavlelebis enobriv saSualebaTa
SezRuduloba unda kompensirebul iqnas SemswavlelebSi mdgradi da
moqnili sametyvelo Cvevebis CamoyalibebiT. ucxour enaze Tavisufali
urTierTobis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens pirovnebis iseTi
fsiqologiuri Tvisebebi, rogoricaa kontaqturoba, gulRiaoba,
yuradRebianoba, gulSematkivroba, unari sakuTari Tavis mosaubris adgilze
Canacvlebis, misi ganwyobilebisa da xasiaTis mixvedra, enis matarebelTa
sazogadoebaSi miRebuli qcevis erovnuli tradiciebisa da Cveulebebis
codna. yvela am Tvisebas Tu ara, umetesobas mainc bevri adamiani flobs
da iyenebs mSobliur enaze urTierTobisas specialuri xelSewyobis
gareSe. magram arsebobs mTeli rigi enobrivi da sametyvelo Cvevebi
(magaliTad, enobrivi da eqstralingvisturi mixvedriloba), romlebic
unda Camoyalibdes an gamyardes ucxouri enis Seswavlis procesSi.
Semswavlelebs unda ganuviTaroT sakuTari urTierTobis taqtikis
mudmivad gaumjobesebisa da srulyofis survili.
swavlebis Sedegad Semswavlelebs unda ganviTarebuli hqondeT iseTi
zogadi Cvevebi, romlis saSualebiTac Tavisuflad SeZleben komunikaciaSi
Sesvlas Sesaswavli enis matarebel qveyanaSi, Tanac iseT situaciebSi
da pirobebSi, romlisTvisac winaswar ar momzadebulan.
rogorc zepiri urTierTobis aqtis monawileebi, Semswavlelebi
momzadebuli unda iyvnen maT winaSe wamoWrili komunikaciuri problemebis
gadasaWrelad kargad Seswavlili enobrivi saSualebebiTa da enis
matarebelTa sametyvelo qcevis erovnuli TaviseburebebiT. rogorc
msmenelebsa da mkiTxvelebs, Semswavlelebs zustad unda esmodeT yoveli
qarTuli winadadebisa da mTeli teqstis formalur-gramatikuli
struqtura, rogorc socialurma pirovnebebma, maT ar unda daarRvion
urTierTobaSi miRebuli normebi, wesebi, qarTuli sametyvelo qcevis
Taviseburebebi. winamdebare naSromSi aRwerili qarTuli enis sametyvelo
saSualebebis dajerebuli floba ucxoenovani sametyvelo qcevis
sakompensacio taqtikis gamomuSavebis saSualebas iZleva. gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda mieqces Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena-ganaxlebis
Cvevis Camoyalibebas.
teqstis wakiTxvisas Semswavlels SeuZlia nacnobi elementebis
saSualebiT (Ziri, sufiqsi, prefiqsi, daboloeba) mixvdes nawarmoebi sityvis
mniSvnelobas im SemTxvevaSi Tu sityva produqciuli modeliTaa
nawarmoebi da misi mniSvneloba SemswavlelTaTvis nacnobi nawilebidan
gamomdinareobs; Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT sityvaSi Semavali ucnobi
morfemis an winadadebaSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobis
konteqstisa da im nacnobi elementebis saSualebiT mixvedra, romlebic
gansazRvraven am erTeulis mniSvnelobas; aseve SeuZliaT
216
internacionaluri sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis da iseTi erTeulebis
gageba, romlebic absoluturad eqvivalenturia qarTulsa da maT
mSobliur enaSi; Temis, situaciis, konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT isini
SeZleben maTTvis nacnobi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobis mqone sityvis Sesabamisi
mniSvnelobis mixvedras; Semswavlelebi gawafuli unda iyvnen leqsikonis
xmarebaSi, maT unda SeeZloT ucnobi sityvisa Tu frazeologiuri
erTeulis monaxva orenovan leqsikonSi, leqsikonis definiciis gageba;
zRvruli ganviTarebuli donis Semswavlelebma unda SeZlon ganmartebiTi
leqsikonis gamoyenebac. teqstis saxelwodebis, Janris, misi daniSnulebisa
da gamoyenebis sferos gaTvaliswinebiT SedarebiT dabal doneze myof
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT misi Sinaarsis ganWvreta.
teqstis mosmenisas Semswavlelma unda ganasxvavos qarTuli enisa da
misi mSobliuri enis fonetikuri formebi. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT
teqstidan specialuri informaciis amokrefa da Tu is Seicavs ucnob
elementebs, sagnis codnis, mSobliur enaze amgvari teqstis wakiTxvis
gamocdilebisa da sxva unar-Cvevebis safuZvelze misi mniSvnelobis
prognozireba. Semswavlelebs aseve Tamamad unda SeeZloT sametyvelo
qmedebebis gamoyeneba imisaTvis, rom mosaubres sTxovos daxmareba (mag.,
zusti sityvis moZebna, frazis gamarTva, mis mier gamoTqmuli azris ufro
martivad gamoTqma, ufro nel tempSi saubari da a.S.).
rogorc saubris iniciators, Semswavlels unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva
gamoTqmis xmareba Tavis metyvelebaSi koreqtivebis Sesatanad (mag.,
sxvagvarad rom vTqva, ukacravad, arasworad gamovTqvi, Tu SeiZleba
miTxariT, rogor unda vTqva...), ganmartebis moSveliebiT sagnis daxasiaTeba,
rodesac ar icis TviTon am sagnis saxelwodeba, mimarTvis formebis
gamoyeneba yuradRebis misaqcevad, weriTi Tu zepiri metyvelebisas
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT imis gamoxatva, rom ar icis rogor daweros
an gamoTqvas esa Tu is azri, winadadeba, sityva (mag., mapatieT, xom ver
damexmarebiT, me ar vici rogor iwereba es sityva, defisiT Tu erTad;
bodiSi, Tu SeiZleba SemaxseneT, aseT situaciaSi ras amboben qarTvelebi;
me ar vici am nivTs ra hqvia, Tu arc Tqven gaxsovT, umjobesia leqsikonSi
movnaxoT, CvenSi amas eZaxian...).
Semswavlels unda SeeZlos oficialur situaciebSi Tarjimnis, Tavisi
qveynis saelCos an sakonsulos warmomadgenlis moTxovna. Tu
Semswavlelma ar icis sametyvelo qcevis miRebuli normebi, SeuZlia
moibodiSos da iTxovos daxmareba (mag., bodiSi, ar vici saqarTveloSi
rogor aris miRebuli, Cems samSobloSi aseT SemTxvevebSi ase iqcevian
xom ver metyodiT, Tqveni tradiciis mixedviT rogor unda moviqce am
situaciaSi). Semswavlelebs Zalian gamoadgebaT individualuri taqtikis
gamomuSaveba. individualuri taqtika xels Seuwyobs, rom daugegmav
situaciebSi Tavidan aicilos fsiqologiuri sirTuleebi – dabneuloba,
uxerxuloba, daviwyeba, arcodnis problema.
217
5.2 swavlis swavleba
am aRwerilobaze orientirebulma swavlebam saSualeba unda misces
Semswavlels miaRwios dasaxul miznebs da amasTanave xeli Seuwyos
swavlis motivaciis zrdas. Semswavlels Tavidanve unda ganuviTaroT
enaze damoukideblad muSaobis Cveva. is vinc qarTul enas ukve flobs
zRvrul ganviTarebul, zRvrul, an Tundac safuZvel doneze, cxadia amis
sakmao gamocdileba eqneba da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs mis
gamoyenebas. vTqvaT mas dasWirda qarTuli enis iseTi aspeqtebis Seswavla,
rasac misi konkretuli saswavlo kursi ar iTvaliswinebs, is am amocanas
martivad gaarTmevs Tavs SeZenili gamocdilebis xarjze. Semswavlelis
mudmivi winsvlis uzrunvelyofa enis Seswavlis procesSi SeuZlia im
Segnebis stimulirebas, rom mas Seswevs damoukideblad swavlis unari.
erTi SexedviT damoukideblad swavlis unari komunikaciuri miznebis
farglebs miRmaa, magram es mxolod erTi SexedviT Cans ase. sinamdvileSi
ki Zalian martivia am unaris komunikaciur miznebTan integrireba.
swavlebis fsiqologiaSi dadgenilia, rom motivirebuli swavleba ufro
efeqturia da xangrZlivi efeqti aqvs, vidre gaucnobierebels. did
efeqturobas ki codnis SeZenis motivacia ganapirobebs, e.i. ra unda
gaakeTos Semswavlelma, ratom unda gaakeTos, rogor unda gamoiyenos.
amasTanave swavlis unaris qona metad mniSvnelovania SemswavlelisaTvis
im amocanebis gadasaWrelad, romelic mas SeiZleba Sexvdes enaSi gawafvis
dros. imisaTvis, rom pirovneba sakmaod momzadebuli iyos aramSobliur
enaze urTierTobisaTvis, mas kargad unda esmodes is teqnologia, romlis
daxmarebiTac SesaZlebelia enis flobis xarvezebis likvidireba. aseTi
teqnologia gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas zogadi miznebis specifikaciaSi,
im SemTxvevaSic ki Tu xarvezebi sakmaod seriozulia da misi
likvidaciisaTvis saWiroa maswavleblis Careva. sakuTari saswavlo
SesaZleblobebis gacnobiereba, sakuTari codnis farglebis gaazreba
da misi efeqturi gamoyeneba Semswavlels did upiratesobas mianiWebs.
evropis sabWos normebis mixedviT Semswavlelis damoukideblobis
stimulireba erT-erT komunikaciur mizans warmoadgens. es ki niSnavs
SemswavlelTa daxmarebas Sesabamisi motivaciis, codnisa da unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebaSi. vinaidan gasaRebi, safuZveli, zRvruli da zRvruli
ganviTarebuli doneebi ara mxolod aRwers komunikaciuri kompetenciis
farglebs qarTul enaSi, aramed adgens saswavlo miznebs, ris gamoc
swavlis Cveva unda ganvixiloT rogorc am miznebis calke aspeqti, romlis
Camoyalibebasac xeli unda Seuwyos saswavlo procesma.
SemswavlelebSi damoukideblad swavlis Cvevis Camoyalibeba gulisxmobs,
rom Semswavlelebis moTxovnilebebis saswavlo miznebTan Sesabamisobis
dasadgenad maT kargad unda hqondeT gaazrebuli TavianTi komunikaciuri
moTxovnilebebis arsi. maT aseve kargad unda esmodeT im saswavlo
miznebis arsi, romelsac sTavazoben da SeeZloT imis gaanalizeba Tu
ramdenad emTxveva isini erTaneTs. Semswavlelebs Semdgomi Seswavlis
mizniT unda SeeZloT im komunikaciuri moTxovnilebebis gansazRvra
da aRwera, romlebsac ar moicavs SeTavazebuli saswavlo miznebi
218
(magaliTad, me msurs, rom SevZlo naSromebis wakiTxva ekologiaSi. me
minda, rom viswavlo saqmiani dokumentaciis Sedgena, saqmiani mimowera).
Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT maTi nacionalobis, saqmiani sferosa da
hobisaTvis specifikuri cnebebis gansazRvra, Seswavla da gamoyeneba
situaciur-Tematurad ganpirobebuli sityvaTa jgufebis farglebSi.
damoukideblad swavlisaTvis Semswavlelebs unda esmodeT gansxvaveba
produqciisa da recefciis unarebsa da im Cvevebs Soris, romlebic
Seefardeba TiToeuls am tipTagan. maT unda esmodeT gramatikis, leqsikis,
fonologiis da sametyvelo qmedebis elementebis roli komunikaciuri
efeqtis misaRwevad. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT leqsikonebis,
gramatikuli cnobarebis, ucxoelebisaTvis gankuTvnili qarTuli enis
saxelmZRvaneloebis damoukideblad gamoyeneba. maT unda SeeZloT TviTon
amoirCion meTodi leqsikuri maragis gasamdidreblad. Semswavlelebma
unda icodnen sakompensacio taqtika, rac maT daexmareba Tavi gaarTvan
ucnobi elementebis Semcvel teqstebs.
Semswavlelebs, rogorc msmenelebs an mkiTxvelebs unda SeeZloT maTTvis
ucnobi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis SemCneva, damaxsovreba, Cawera, maTi
funqcionalur-azrobrivi Rirebulebisa da situaciuri konteqstis
CaniSvna. maT aseve unda SeeZloT Tval-yuri adevnon im enasa da
strategiebs, romlebsac qarTuli enis kargi mcodne pirovnebebi iyeneben.
am gziT isini SeZleben TavianTi receptiuli da produciuli repertuaris
gafarToebas. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT daubrundnen axal sityvebsa
da gamoTqmebs, romlebsac saubris dros Sexvdnen imitom, rom momavalSi,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damoukideblad SeZlon maTi gamoyeneba.
Semswavlelebs komunikaciis asagebad sakuTari azrebis formulirebisas
unda SeeZloT sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyeneba; unda
flobdnen Secdomebis TviTanalizisa da TviTkoreqciis unars. amasTanave
maT unda SeeZloT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sasaubro strategiebis Secvla.
sakompensacio strategiebis codna ki daexmareba Sewyvetili saubris
aRdgenasa da gagrZelebaSi Tu mas SeuZlia Tavis metyvelebaSi igive
sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyeneba, rac mis Tanamosaubres.
ZiriTadad zemoaRwerili SesaZleblobebisgan Sedgeba SemswavlelTa
damoukideblad muSaobis unari. sagulisxmoa, rom am SesaZleblobebs
Semswavleli unda flobdes enis Seswavlis adreul safexurebze da
yovelive amasTan erTad unda agrZelebdes qarTul enaze urTierTobis
Seswavlas.
5.3 urTierTobis taqtika
konkretuli komunikaciuri amocanis gadasaWrelad gamoiyeneba calkeuli
sametyvelo qmedeba, an ufro xSirad urTierTdakavSirebul sametyvelo
qmedebaTa wyeba. magaliTad, Tu gvinda vipovoT qalaqSi raime obieqti,
SeiZleba kiTxviT mivmarToT gamvlels:
– geTayva, Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT, sad aris stadioni?
219
es replika Sedgeba Sinaarsisa da misi verbalizaciis Semcveli Semdegi
sametyvelo qmedebebisagan:
geTayva yuradRebis miqceva
Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT Txovna
sad aris stadioni? SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis
Sesaxeb
intenciebis Tanmimdevrobas, romlis saSualebiTac aigeba komunikaciuri
aqtis nebismieri fragmenti, ewodeba sametyvelo urTierTobis taqtika.
naTelia, rom erTi da igive miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia intenciebis
varirebiT, zogierTi maTganis SecvliT, an axlis damatebiT. realur
urTierTobaSi SekiTxva qalaqSi raime obieqtis mosaZieblad
sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba daisvas:
– geTayva, Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT, sad aris stadioni?
– mapatieT, mgoni gza amebna, ver metyviT sad aris stadioni?
– axalgazrda, xom ar iciT, sad aris stadioni?
TiToeul magaliTSi gamoyenebulia erTi da imave intenciisa da
propoziciuri Sinaarsis gansxvavebuli verbalizacia:
geTayva yuradRebis miqceva
Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT Txovna
sad aris stadioni? SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis
Sesaxeb
mapatieT, yuradRebis miqceva
mgoni eWvi
gza amebna, Setyobineba
ver metyviT Txovna informaciis misaRebad
sad aris stadioni SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis
Sesaxeb
axalgazrda, mimarTva
xom ar iciT, Txovna informaciis misaRebad
sad aris stadioni? SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis
Sesaxeb
komunikaciuri amocana, rogorc arasametyvelo mizani, samive SemTxvevaSi
erTi da igivea. Tumca misi miRweva, sityvaTa sxvadasxva wyebiT SeiZleba,
romlebic aq naCvenebia, rogorc gansxvavebuli intenciebi. realur
cxovrebaSi komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWra es aris ara marto saWiro
ramis warmoTqma, aramed am ramis iseTi TanmimdevrulobiT warmodgenis
unari, romelic sasurvel Sedegamde migviyvans.
sametyvelo urTierTobis taqtika miuTiTebs intenciebisa da sametyvelo
qmedebebis Tavsebadobasa an SesaZlo Tanmimdevrulobaze, romelic
gamoiyeneba komunikaciuri amocanebis gadawyvetisas da emsaxureba
220
partnioris komunikaciuri miznis gagebas normaluri urTierTobis
dasamyareblad. amasTanave:
gaSlili dialogi SeiZleba warmovidginoT iseTi intenciebis saxiT,
romlebic komunikaciuri amocanebis gadaWris taqtikas warmoadgens.
yoveli komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWra SesaZlebelia ramdenime gziT.
mosaubris mier komunikacia igeba ara stiqiurad, aramed logikurad,
alternatiuli formebiT, sxvadasxva faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT.
replikaSi sxvadasxva sityvebisa an gramatikuli konstruqciebis
gamoyeneba savaldebulo araa, rom miuTiTebdes intenciaTa
gansxvavebulobaze da piruku: replikebis identuroba enobrivi
TvalsazrisiT sulac ar gulisxmobs maT komunikaciur igiveobriobas.
erT-erTi partnioris mier taqtikis SerCevaze moqmedebs Semdegi ZiriTadi
faqtorebi:
ZiriTadi komunikaciuri amocana, romelic man daayena mocemul momentSi.
sruliad ar aris aucilebeli, rom komunikaciuri amocanebi iyos
zedmetad pragmatuli, yovelTvis ar xerxdeba maTi erTmniSvnelovnad
formulireba.
mocemul kulturaSi urTierTobis taqtikis agebisas miRebuli
stereotipis arseboba-ararseboba.
yoveli calkeuli monawilis pirovnuli orientacia, romelic
yovelTvis axdens gavlenas centraluri komunikaciuri amocanis,
saSualedo amocanebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebis SerCevaze da zogjer
gansazRvravs kidec maT. es aris adamianis individualuri saxis
warmodgena: socialuri statusi, konkretuli partnioris mimarT misi
damokidebuleba, misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi, aqtualuri mdgomareoba
da a.S. (yvelaferi is, rac ganekuTvneba socialuri rolis gaformebas),
is gamocdileba, rac sxva partniorebTan, an garkveul sferosTan
urTierTobisas Camoyalibda da saidanac is iRebs misabaZ magaliTebs.
zogadi situacia, sadac mimdinareobs sakomunikacio aqti. saqme is
gaxlavT, rom sametyvelo qmedeba ar arsebobs TavisTavad, anu im
garemos gareSe, rac akavSirebs partniorebs komunikaciisaTvis; amas
garda moqmedebs garkveuli obieqturi mocemuloba, Sesabamisi adgilis,
drois, sagnebis saxiT; iseTi pirobebis arseboba-ararseboba
rogoricaa adrindeli kontaqtebi, saubris sagnis mimarTeba imasTan,
rasac SeiZleba partniorebi saubris momentSi xedaven, mesame piris
arseboba-ararseboba da sxva.
partnioris qceva, anu is, ramdenad Seesabameba misi reaqcia mosaubris
molodins da ramdenad unda mas monawileobis miReba saerTo
221
komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWraSi. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia
isic, gaaCnia Tu ara partniors sakuTari komunikaciuri amocanebi.
rogorc wesi, logikuri kavSiri partniorebis replikebs Soris sakmaod
universaluria da araa damokidebuli mSobliur enasa da kulturaze.
magram partniors SeuZlia Seatyobinos Tavisi arakompetenturobis
Sesaxeb Semdegi fraziT: warmodgena ara maqvs, an me aqauri ara var. Tu
am pasuxs ar gavaigivebT replikasTan – ar vici, anu ara CavdebT masSi im
Sinaarss, rac wina or replikas utoldeba, komunikacia darRveuli iqneba.
am SemTxvevaSi saubris iniciatorisagan saWiro iqneba damatebiTi
sakompensacio taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba, magaliTad, kidev
erTxel Txovna, rom ganumartos, Tu sad aris stadioni.
rac ufro xangrZlivia dialogi, miT ufro Znelia taqtikis gaTvla.
magram zRvruli donis mkacrad mocemuli lokaluri sakomunikacio
amocanebis gadaWrisas SesaZlebelia tipiuri taqtikebis SezRuduli
raodenobis gamoyofa da maTi dialog-nimuSebis saxiT warmodgena. aseTi
dialog nimuSebi gvaZlevs saSualebas kiTxva – pasuxi, stimuli – reaqcia
tipis wminda sasaubro erTeulebidan gadavideT sakomunikacio taqtikaze,
Tumca Tavdapirvelad maTac eqnebaT fragmentuli taqtikebis saxe, rasac
sabolood moyveba zogadi komunikaciis gadaWra sakuTari srulyofili
taqtikis agebiT.
dialoguri taqtikis agebis safuZvels warmoadgens intenciebis Semdegi
Tanamimdevroba:
kontaqtSi Sesvla
informaciis moTxovna (warmodgena)
reaqcia miRebul informaciaze (misi warmodgena)
es Tanamimdevroba universaluria, Tuki mas ganvixilavT rogorc logikur
sqemas. is araa damokidebuli Semswavlelis arc kulturaze da arc mis
enaze. es sqema SeiZleba gaiSalos mis Semadgenel nebismier nawilSi,
misi elementebi ki SesaZloa gamovavlinoT nebismier taqtikaSi:
kontaqtSi Sesvla dila mSvidobisa salami
informaciis moTxovna rogora xar, rogor aris saqme?
reaqcia miRebul informaciaze
(an misi warmodgena) gmadlobT, ara miSavs
informaciis moTxovna Sen rogor-Ra xar?
ras Svrebi, Seni saqme rogor-Raa?
reaqcia miRebul informaciaze
(an misi warmodgena) gmadlobT, mec ara miSavs
kontaqtidan gamosvla kai, meCqareba
kontaqtidan gamosvla aba, kargad menaxe
aba, bednierad
222
taqtikebis, anu intenciebis ufro SesaZlebeli kavSirebis warmodgenisas
aucilebelia partnioris rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi reaqciis
gaTvla, magaliTad, Tu adamianma Txovnaze – damexmareT, miiRo pasuxi –
samwuxarod es Cems SesaZleblobebs aRemateba, man unda icodes, rom es
uaria, xolo, Tu pasuxi aris – raSia saqme? – es niSnavs, rom man SeiZleba
miiRos daxmareba da amitom unda gaagrZelos saubari.
da bolos, Semswavlels unda SeeZlos verbaluri komunikaciis
araverbaluriT Secvla imgvarad, rom araverbaluri qmedeba
partniorisTvis garkveuli mniSvnelobis mqone iyos, anu cvlides garkveul
intenciaTa verbalizacias. magaliTad, Tu adamianma ar icis raime nivTis
saxelwodeba, mas unda SeeZlos misi araverbalurad demonstrireba.
maRaziaSi SeiZleba raimeze miTiTeba – Tu SeiZleba ai es momeciT, im
nivTis saxelis Zebnis nacvlad leqsikonSi, romelic SeiZleba Tanac
ar hqondes.
rogorc wesi, Cveulebriv saubarSi gamoiyeneba urTierTobaTa mdgradi
stereoti pebi: erTi mizniT gaerTianebuli sametyvelo qmedebebis
Tanmimdevruli Sesatyvisobebi. am modelebs axasiaTebs variantuloba,
romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtSi sxvadasxvagvarad vlindeba. mxolod ori-
sami replikisagan Semdgari mokle dialoguri erToblioba SeiZleba
iyos mkacrad standartizebuli da qmnides urTierTobis mdgrad
formulebs. es naTlad vlindeba etiketis replikebSi. aq moyvanil
dialogur erTobliobaTa did nawils (romelTa flobas iTvaliswinebs
winamdebare aRweriloba), axasiaTebs variantulobis garkveuli xarisxi.
magaliTad dilis sauzme kafeSi/saxaSeSi:
gamyidveli: gismenT, survilTan dakavSirebuli
SekiTxva, kontaqtis dasawyisi
myidveli: Tu SeiZleba, yava
da namcxvari survilis gamoxatva
gamyidveli: inebeT moTxovnis dakmayofileba
myidveli: ramdeni unda
mogarTvaT? SekiTxva fasis Sesaxeb
gamyidveli: sami lari pasuxi fasis Sesaxeb
myidveli: awvdis fuls ixdis safasurs
gamyidveli: gmadlobT, miTiTeba kontaqtis
dasasrulze
gamyidveli: gismenT, survilTan dakavSirebuli
SekiTxva, kontaqtis dasawyisi
myidveli: xaSi, arayi da puri survilis gamoxatva
gamyidveli: ramdeni ulufa? SekiTxva informaciis
dazustebis Sesaxeb
myidveli: ori xaSi da as-asi
grami arayi Semdgomi dazusteba
gamyidveli: aTi lari informacia fasis Sesaxeb
myidveli: miiReT Ffuli, safasuris gadaxda
gamyidveli: gmadlobT, miTiTeba kontaqtis
dasasrulze
223
dialogur erTobliobaTa didi nawili aSkarad, an impliciturad
warmodgenilia zRvrul doneze. yvela maTgani asocirdeba Semdeg
komunikaciur movlenebTan:
sayidlebi
maRaziaSi
salarosTan,
samgzavro bileTis aReba salaroSi
sasmelisa da saWmlis SekveTa
restoranSi, kafeSi, ludxanaSi, barSi...…
SekiTxvebi
garemoebaTa Sesabamisad (rogor mivides ama Tu im adgilamde; sad
SeiZleba waixemsos;
rodis ixsneba gamofena, konferencia; sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis
pirobebi...);
pirovnebis mimarT (gvari, saxeli, misamarTi da a.S.)
Sexvedrebi
ucnob pirovnebasTan
nacnobebTan, megobrebTan
gzis garkveva da miTiTeba
drois dazusteba
stumrad mowveva da masze reaqcia
sastumroSi mowyoba
garkveul qmedebaTa SeTavazeba da reaqcia am SeTavazebebze
msjelobaSi monawileoba (Tanxmoba/uari, winaaRmdegoba)
yoveldRiuri urTierToba savsea gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebiT. rTuli
sakomunikacio aqti mimdinareobs idealuri sakomunikacio aqtis
Semadgeneli zogierTi elementis uaryofiT. rutinuli aqtebis dros
SeiZleba bevri ram iqnes gamotovebuli, an Canacvlebuli mdumarebiT,
replikebis monacvleoba ki limitirdeba axali sityvebiT, an wyobis
SecvliT. aseTi qmedebis yoveli etapi SeiZleba Sesruldes iseTi
urTierTobis procesSi, romelic moicavs metyvelebis sxvadasxva
elementebs. maTi SerCeva ki xdeba urTierTobis monawileTa mier
(metyveleba, Jest-mimika da a.S.). yovel wuTs SeiZleba warmoiSvas siZnele,
romelic gamoiwvevs dasabuTebis, gadaazrebis saWiroebas, rac gadaiWreba
mosaubreTa xelT arsebuli saSualebebiT. rogorc socialur arsebas,
adamians gaaCnia sakuTari socialuri komunikaciuri kompetencia, Tumca
zogjer mas uCndeba saWiroeba, rom Tvali gaadevnos sakomunikacio
process, romelic enobrivi gamoxatulebiTaa warmodgenili.
qvemoT moyvanili sqema SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sayofacxovrebo
momsaxurebis urTierTobis process.
224
moZraoba urTierTobis adgilisaken
gzis gagneba sadgurisken, sastumrosa an sxva obieqtisken
gzis gagneba ofisisken, saavadmyofosa, an sxva obieqtisken
kontaqtis damyareba
Jest-mimikiT survilis miniSneba, saubari oficiantTan, an sxva pirTan
momsaxure personalis sawyisi replika
myidvelis sawyisi replika
saqonlis SerCeva, momsaxureba
saqonlis, momsaxurebis saxis gansazRvra
informaciis garkveva
informaciis gacema
arCevanis SesaZleblobis garkveva
saqonlis fasis, xarisxis, feris, zomis... garkveva da msjeloba mis dadebiT
da uaryofiT mxareebze
informaciis moZieba
informaciis miReba
rCevisTvis mimarTva
rCevis miReba
rCevis Sinaarsi
ama Tu im saqonlisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba
yidvaze daTanxmeba
produqtis fulze gacvla/sayidlebis,
momsaxurebis safasuris gadaxda
fasis mowoneba
Tanxmoba damatebiT gadasaxadze
fulis micema, saqonlis miReba
urTierTmadlierebis gamoxatva (myidvelis/gamyidvelis)
gasagebia, rom es procesebi araerTgvarovania: sastumrosa da restoranSi
angariSsworeba xdeba urTierTobis procesis bolos, bankomatTan –
usityvod, instruqciis SesrulebiT da a.S.
225
6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi
qvemoT mocemuli deskriptorebi dalagebulia unar-Cvevebis mixedviT
A1-dan B2 donemde.
6.1 audireba
A1.1
mesmis nacnobi sityvebi da martivi frazebi.
rodesac qarTul enaze saubroben, SemiZlia im sityvebis garCeva, romlebic
sxva enebSic aris (mag. internacionaluri, aqtiuri).
SemiZlia martivi SekiTxvebis gageba, romelsac piradad me misvamen; mag.,
saxels, an misamarTs.
mesmis martivi, garkveviT naTqvami, xSirad gamoyenebadi gamoTqmebi, mag.
diax, ara, gamarjoba, naxvamdis, bodiSi, gmadlobT.
martiv, garkveviT da nela naTqvam teqstebSi mesmis nacnobi sityvebi,
cifrebi da saxelebi.
rodesac sxva adamians macnoben, SemiZlia mniSvnelovani informaciis
gageba: saxeli, asaki, warmomavloba.
A1.2mesmis nela, garkveviT da SigadaSig pauzebiT naTqvami teqsti.
mesmis, roca vinme nela da martivi sityvebiT Tavis Tavze da ojaxze
saubrobs.
mikrofoniT warmoTqmul teqstSi mesmis cifrebi, dro da fasebi, mag.
maRaziaSi, sadgurze an aeroportSi.
maRaziaSi SemiZlia gavigo, ra Rirs nivTi, Tu Ggamyidveli cdilobs, rom
garkveviT da nela mipasuxos, raTa gavigo misi naTqvami.
mesmis zogierTi sityva da gamoTqma, roca vinme Cemze, ojaxze, an samsaxurze
nela da garkveviT saubrobs.
mesmis internacionaluri sityvebi da gamoTqmebi.
226
A2.1roca vusmen nela da Zalian garkveviT naTqvam teqsts, SemiZlia
sityvebisa da mokle winadadebebis daWera da gageba. (mag. gamyidvelisa
da myidvelis dialogi maRaziaSi).
mesmis, roca avtomobilis, an sxva raime nivTis fersa da zomaze saubroben.
SemiZlia teqstebis gageba, Tu igi CemTvis nacnob Temebs exeba, (samsaxuri,
Tavisufali dro, ojaxi)
roca vinme saubrobs, vxvdebi Tu rogor grZnobs is Tavs, karg gunebazea,
daRlilia, Tu avad aris.
nela da garkveviT naTqvam Caweril (mag. magnitofonze) teqstSi mesmis
ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu igi sayofacxovrebo nivTebs exeba.
mokle da martivi Setyobinebebidan mesmis mniSvnelovani informacia.
A2.2roca vismen Caweril, an zepirad naTqvam teqsts, SemiZlia gavigo, ras
exeba igi.
radiogadacemebSi Tu saubroben nela da garkveviT, vigeb ZiriTad
informacias sportuli angariSis, amindis prognozis Sesaxeb.
mokle, martivi Setyobinebebidan da istoriebidan gamomaqvs dedaazri,
Tu nela da garkveviT aris naTqvami da CemTvis nacnob Temebs exeba.
roca gzas maswavlian, vxvdebi, rogor unda mivide iq, fexiT, avtobusiT,
Tu metroTi.
roca maRaziaSi, an matarebelSi mesmis saubari, vxvdebi, ras exeba igi.
mokle radiogadacemebSi mesmis ZiriTadi informacia im Temebis Sesaxeb,
rac mainteresebs (sporti, musika).
B1.1mesmis, roca mesaubrebian nela da garkveviT yoveldRiurobaze, magram
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi viTxov, rom gaimeoron garkveuli sityvebi da
winadadebebi.
grZel diskusiaSi, romelic exeba yoveldRiur cxovrebas da CemTvis
nacnob Temebs, mesmis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu ar aris swrafad da
araliteraturuli eniT naTqvami.
227
Tu Tema CemTvis nacnobia, mesmis martivi prezentaciebisa da moxsenebebis
Sinaarsi.
roca vismen mokle istoriebs, imdenad mesmis igi, rom SemiZlia winaswar
vivaraudo, ra moxdeba Semdeg.
mesmis radiogadacemebis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu Temebi CemTvis nacnobia.
mesmis martivi teqnikuri instruqciebi, mag. rogor gamoiyeneba esa Tu is
xelsawyo.
B1.2garkveviT da literaturul enaze warmoTqmuli radiogadacemebi da
Canawerebi mesmis srulyofilad.
roca CemTvis saintereso literaturul da garkveviT naTqvam
moxsenebebsa da radiogadacemebs vusmen, mesmis ZiriTadi dedaazri da
aseve mniSvnelovani nawilebi, mag., Temebi – bunebis dacva, kinovarskvlavebi
da a.S.
satelevizio gadacemebSi, romlebic CemTvis saintereso Temebs exeba
(mag., interviuebi, axali ambebi), mesmis ZiriTadi nawili, Tu SedarebiT
nela da garkveviT aris naTqvami.
SemiZlia gavigo standartuli metyvelebis mTavari arsi.
SemiZlia detaluri monacemebis gageba (mag., rogor unda miviRo
monawileoba sportul SejibrSi).
B2.1Tu Zalian davZabav gonebas, SemiZlia gavigo, ori qarTulenovani pirovnebis
saubari, magram maT saubarSi CarTvas umetesad ver vaxerxeb.
televiziiT gadmocemul reportaJebSi, pirdapir Cvenebebsa da Toq-
SouebSi, romlebic exeba aqtualur Temebs da literaturuli eniT
aris gadmocemuli, mesmis ZiriTadad yvelaferi, aseve varkvev mosaubris
tonsa da ganwyobas.
mesmis im sagnebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera, romlebic mainteresebs. (mag.
snoubordis maxasiaTeblebis, axali mobiluri telefonis funqciebis).
mesmis, roca saubroben didxans da sayveduris toniT, Tu Tema nawilobriv
nacnobia CemTvis.
228
B2.2roca saubroben qarTuli enis matarebeli pirebi, mesmis imdeni, rom
SemiZlia CaverTo maT saubarSi.
mesmis filmebis ena maSinac, roca masSi gamoyenebulia salaparako da
specifikuri ena.
SemiZlia, Sinaarsobrivad da enobrivad rTul moxsenebebSi ZiriTadi
dedaazris gageba.
6.2 wakiTxva
A1.1SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo mokle da martivi miTiTebebi/pirobebi, Tu
misi msgavsi manamde Semxvedria.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo mosawvevi baraTi da gavigo, raze, sad, rodis da
romel saaTze miwveven.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo plakatebsa da abrebze dawerili informacia da
gavigo ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, (mag., adgili, dro, an fasebi).
A1.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo anketa, sadac iTxoven mniSvnelovan
informacias Cems Sesaxeb (saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi, misamarTi).
SemiZlia martiv teqstSi gavigo mTavari Sinaarsi, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
Tu darTuli aqvs ilustraciebi.
teqstSi vigeb calkeul sityvebs, aseve rTul sityvebSi vcnob leqsikur
nawilebs (mag., TavsarTebs, bolosarTebs, daboloebebs).
SemiZlia abrebze dawerili sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis wakiTxva da
gageba (mag., sadguri, parki, moweva akrZalulia, gasasvleli).
SemiZlia komiksebSi martivi, mokle teqstebis gageba, raSic mexmareba
ilustraciebi.
SemiZlia RonisZiebebis programebsa da plakatebze mniSvnelovani
informaciis povna da gageba (mag., ra Rirs, sad da rodis tardeba).
SemiZlia mokle, martivi Setyobinebebis gageba (mag., Sexvedris drois
daniSvna).
229
A2.1SemiZlia axalgazrdul Jurnal-gazeTebSi, internetSi ZiriTadi
informaciis gageba, ras weren TavianT Tavze da vxvdebi, vis ra Tviseba
gaaCnia.
siebsa da sarCevebSi SemiZlia mTavari informaciis povna, romelic
mainteresebs.
SemiZlia Jurnal-gazeTebSi martivi statiebis dedaazris gageba, Temebze,
romelic nawilobriv nacnobia CemTvis.
A2.2
SemiZlia gavigo mokle, martivi teqstis Tu Setyobinebis ZiriTadi azri.
SemiZlia calkeuli frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli sityvebis gageba
maSin, roca teqsti CemTvis saintereso Temas exeba.
SemiZlia advilad misaxvedri informaciis moZieba ganrigSi, cxrilSi,
meniuSi, reklamaSi, gancxadebaSi...
SemiZlia kerZo werilis gageba.
B1.1cnobil pirovnebebTan Jurnal-gazeTebis interviuebSi vkiTxulob da
mesmis kiTxvebi da pasuxebi, Tu Temebi nawilobriv nacnobia CemTvis.
SemiZlia gonebis didi daZabvis gareSe wavikiTxo da gavigo mogzaurobis
dRiuri, sadac gadmocemulia mogzaurobis ambebi.
SemiZlia mokle teqstebSi, sadac mocemulia mokle instruqciebi, mTavari
informaciis gageba.
SemiZlia mokle, martiv teqstebSi (mag., internetSi sadiskusio teqstebSi)
ZiriTadi Sinaarsis gageba, Tu Temebi CemTvis nacnobia.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo (mag., aparatebis, telefonis, bankomatis)
instruqcia.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo usafrTxoebis wesebi, romlebic
ganTavsebulia sazogado transportsa da eleqtro mowyobilobebze.
SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso martivi Temebis Sesaxeb teqstebis gageba.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo Jurnal-gazeTebSi dawerili gancxadebebis
Sinaarsi da ZiriTadi informacia, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar mxvdeba bevri
abreviatura.
230
B1.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo piradi werilebi, romlebic exeba movlenebs,
grZnobebsa da survilebs.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo sakvebis SefuTvebze/yuTebze dawerili
informacia, Tu rogor mzaddeba igi.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo wamlebis instruqcia.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo mokle teqstebi nacnob Temebze, romelSic
asaxulia sxvadasxva mosazrebebi (mag. kritikuli moxsenebebi, forumi
internetSi, an werilebSi).
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo aqtualur Temebze dawerili statiebi
(mag., cxovelebi, mSenebloba).
B2.1SemiZlia wavikiTxo da detalurad gavigo sxvadasxva teqsti (mag. statia,
saxelmZRvanelo, romani), saWiroebisamebr viyeneb leqsikons.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo aqtualur Temebze dawerili statiebi da
sxva tipis teqstebi da mivxvde avtoris pozicias.
SemiZlia vixelmZRvanelo instruqciebiT (mag. kosmetikis, TamaSis, eleqtro
xelsawyos).
SemiZlia kompleqsuri da grZeli teqstebis swrafad gadakiTxva da
mniSvnelovani informaciis povna.
B2.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo internetSi, gazeTSi ganTavsebuli teqnikuri
teqstebi, romlebic ar aris Zalian rTuli (mag., kompiuteruli TamaSebis,
stereo mowyobilobebis yidvis Sesaxeb).
SemiZlia swrafad wavikiTxo gazeTsa da JurnalSi ganTavsebuli teqsti
da gavigo misi dedaazri.
SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo grZeli, kompleqsuri instruqciebi CemTvis
nacnobi sferoebis Sesaxeb.
231
6.3 dialogi
A1.1SemiZlia, martivi sityvebiT misalmeba, vambob: diax, ara, bodiSi, gTxov,
gmadlob.
SemiZlia mivuTiTo rameze da vikiTxo, Tu ra aris is?
SemiZlia, vinmes mivesalmo, gavacno Tavi da davemSvidobo.
SemiZlia, vTqva, ra mqvia da vkiTxo sxvas, ra hqvia mas.
A1.2SemiZlia mivaxvedro mosaubre, rom saubrisas gamiwios angariSi da
Seecados gamagebinos naTqvami.
SemiZlia SevukveTo saWmeli da sasmeli (mag., kafesa da diskoTekaze).
SemiZlia saubrisas gamoviyeno martivi cifrebi.
SemiZlia vTqva, rom naTqvami ar mesmis.
SemiZlia vTqva, ra ferisaa mag., kaba, an sxva nivTi, aseve vikiTxo, romeli
sagani ra ferisaa mag., velosipedi.
SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas, Tu rogor aris igi da vupasuxo me rogor vgrZnob
Tavs.
SemiZlia didebsa da patarebs mivesalmo da davemSvidobo.
SemiZlia martiv kiTxvebze gavce pasuxi martivi sityvebiT, gamoTqmebiTa
da winadadebebiT.
A2.1
SemiZlia mivmarTo sxvas zrdilobianad da vkiTxo rame.
SemiZlia vikiTxo da vupasuxo SekiTxvebze Tu sad devs burTi, wigni, an
sxva sagani;
SemiZlia SevTavazo sxvas saWmeli da sasmeli.
SemiZlia sayidlebze yofnisas vTqva, ras veZeb da vikiTxo fasi.
SemiZlia vkiTxo vinmes, sad cxovrobs igi (sofeli, qalaqi), romeli
qveynidanaa.
232
SemiZlia vikiTxo, ras akeTeben samsaxurSi da Tavisufal dros da
roca msgavs kiTxvebs misvamen, SemiZlia gavce pasuxi.
SemiZlia vinmes vusurvo bedniereba, mivuloco axali weli da dabadebis
dRe.
roca ar mesmis, ras meubnebian, SemiZlia vTqva, ver gavige; SemiZlia
vikiTxo, ra hqvia amas qarTul enaze?
A2.2SemiZlia mokle satelefono saubris warmarTva, mag. Sexvedris adgilis
daniSvna.
SemiZlia martivi kiTxvebis dasma raime movlenis Sesaxeb da aseve mis
garSemo pasuxis gacema, mag. ra sad da rodis Catarda, vin eswreboda da
vin ara.
SemiZlia, martivi sityvebiT gamovxato Cemi grZnobebi, mag. es CemTvis
naTelia, meSinia, mSia.
martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia gavce informacia yoveldRiuri Temebis
Sesaxeb.
SemiZlia vinmes vTxovo daxmareba da Sesabamisad vreagireb, roca me
mTxoven daxmarebas.
SemiZlia visaubro kviris dReebze, vTqva ra ricxvia, romeli saaTia da
am yvelafris Sesaxeb davsva SekiTxvebi.
SemiZlia vTxovo sxvas, rom damimarcvlos sityva amasTanave SemiZlia
TviTon davmarcvlo sityvebi da saxelebi.
SemiZlia vinmes rameze daveTanxmo, SevekamaTo, an uari vuTxra.
SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes, gaimeoros naTqvami, an amixsnas ukeTesad.
B1.1SemiZlia, vinmes CamovarTva mokle interviu, Tu kiTxvebi winaswar maqvs
momzadebuli; SemiZlia, didxans dafiqrebis gareSe davsva damatebiTi
SekiTxvebi.
SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes, maTxovos (mag., velosipedi, fanqari) da gavce
Sesabamisi pasuxi, roca mTxoven, rom me raime vaTxovo. SemiZlia sxvas
SevTavazo Cemi nivTebi.
233
mgzavrobisas SemiZlia ZiriTadi situaciebis daZleva. avtobusis an metros
salaroSi SemiZlia vikiTxo martivi informacia da viyido bileTi.
nacnob adamianebTan SemiZlia martivi satelefono saubrebis warmarTva.
saubrisas SemiZlia davsva SekiTxva, esmis Tu ara Cemi mosaubres.
SemiZlia CemTvis nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb saubari (mag., kino, sporti, moda,
televizia), azris gamoTqma da sxvisTvis SekiTxvis dasma Tu ras fiqrobs
aRniSnul Temaze.
SemiZlia Cems TanatolebTan visaubro da Sevadaro erTmaneTs musikaluri
jgufebi, filmebi.
SemiZlia nacnobs rCeva mivce, mag., tansacmlis yidvisas.
B1.2SemiZlia maswavlebels avuxsna, muSaobisas ra donis siZneleebi Semxvda.
SemiZlia gamovTqva Cemi mosazrebebi da winadadebebi samuSao Sexvedraze,
mag., proeqtze muSaobisas.
SemiZlia diskusiebSi mokled gamovTqva Cemi azri.
SemiZlia vTqva, rom arsebobs raRac problema da davasabuTo, ratom.
SemiZlia viCxubo, mag., maRaziaSi, Tu rame gafuWebuli, an wuni Semxvda.
SemiZlia axloblebTan visaubro saerTo interesebis Sesaxeb.
SemiZlia TiTqmis spontanurad davusva mosaubres SekiTxvebi romelime
movlenis, an gancdis Sesaxeb, mag., ardadegebis, zeimis, an ubeduri SemTxvevis
irgvliv.
B2.1SemiZlia daviwyo saubari, gamovTqva azri da sxvasac davusva SekiTxvebi.
diskusiis dros SemiZlia argumentebis, axsna-ganmartebebisa da
komentarebis saSualebiT sakuTari mosazrebebis gamoTqma, dasabuTeba
da damtkiceba.
SemiZlia yvelasaTvis saintereso Temebze saubarSi aqtiuri monawileoba.
SemiZlia gamoTqmiT, bunebrivad da daubrkoleblad saubari.
234
SemiZlia gamovxato sxvadasxva grZnoba da vTqva, romeli movlena an
gamocdilebaa CemTvis mniSvnelovani.
B2.2SemiZlia, visaubro STabeWdilebebze, ideebsa da grZnobebze, mag., musika
rogor moqmedebs adamianze.
SemiZlia Cemi mosazrebebis zustad da darwmunebiT gamoxatva; aseve
sxvis kompleqsur argumentebze reagireba.
SemiZlia daubrkoleblad da zustad visaubro sxvadasxva Temebze.
SemiZlia daubrkoleblad warvmarTo interviu kiTxvebis winaswar
momzadebis gareSe, aseve, saintereso Temebze davsva damatebiTi SekiTxvebi.
6.4 monologi
A1.1SemiZlia mokled gavacno Tavi (saxeli, asaki, qveyana).
SemiZlia gamovxato martivi sityvebiT, rogor vgrZnob Tavs.
SemiZlia sakuTar Tavze mokle informaciis gacema (saxeli, gvari, misamarTi,
telefonis nomeri).
SemiZlia aRvwero, sad vcxovrob.
SemiZlia sayidlad an SesakveTad Zalian martivi dasaxelebis saWmelisa
da sasmelis dasaxeleba.
A1.2
SemiZlia martivi enobrivi saSualebebiT movyve axlobeli adamianebis
an Cemi sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesaxeb.
SemiZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT Cemi samsaxuris Sesaxeb saubari.
martivi frazebiT SemiZlia avuxsna adamians, rogor mivides ama Tu im
adgilas.
A2.1SemiZlia mokled warmovadgino sakuTari Tavi, ra mqvia, saidan var da
sad vmuSaob.
235
SemiZlia vTqva ZiriTadi informacia Cemi ojaxis Sesaxeb, mag. vin, ra
asakis da profesiis arian Cemi ojaxis wevrebi.
SemiZlia vTqva romeli sasmeli da saWmeli miyvars.
SemiZlia vTqva ra aris Cemi hobi da ra ar momwons (mag. musika, Teatri,
sporti, ferebi).
SemiZlia vTqva, romel garemoSi mirCevnia yofna da mokled davasabuTo
mizezi (sofelSi, qalaqSi, zRvaze).
SemiZlia winaswar momzadebul sityvaSi wakiTxvis gareSe warmovadgino
CemTvis nacnobi sagani/obieqti (qveyana, musikaluri jgufi, gundi).
A2.2SemiZlia msmenels mivawodo safuZvliani informacia Cemi samsaxuris
Sesaxeb.
SemiZlia mokled gadmovce, ras vapireb kviris bolos, an ardadegebze.
SemiZlia movyve Tu rogor aRniSnaven CvenTan Sobas da sxva
dResaswaulebs.
SemiZlia mokled da martivad gadmovce movlenis da sakuTari gancdis
Sesaxeb (mag., wveulebaze, eqskursiaze, gakveTilze).
SemiZlia, mokled aRvwero, sad vcxovrob da rogor SeiZleba CemTan
mosvla (transporti, mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba, manZili).
SemiZlia vinmes rukis gareSe avuxsna, rogor SeZlebs garkveul adgilamde
misvlas.
SemiZlia mokle istoriis moyola, da movlenebis Tanmimdevrulad
warmodgena.
SemiZlia dayovnebis gareSe warmovTqva cifrebi (weliwadi, TariRi).
B1.1SemiZlia mokled vTqva ra momwons wignSi, an simReraSi.
martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia aRvwero, rogor gamoiyureba romelime
cxoveli.
martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia aRvwero, sad da rogor vcxovrob (adgili/
garemo, saxli/bina, oTaxebi).
236
SemiZlia ramdenime winadadebiT vTqva, ra ganaTlebas viReb, an minda
miviRo.
SemiZlia ocnebebis, imedebis, miznebis aRwera.
SemiZlia movyve, ra xdeba filmSi an wignSi da ras vfiqrob masze.
sayofacxovrebo Temebze SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT visaubro da
gamovTqva sakuTari azri (mag., fuli, nivTebis moxmarebis, qcevis wesebi).
SemiZlia, sxvas avuxsna wesebi (mag. muzeumSi moqcevis wesebi).
B1.2SemiZlia vTqva, mimaCnia Tu ara, rom sworad moiqcnen da davasabuTo
sakuTari azri.
SemiZlia Cemi mosazrebebis, varaudebisa da gegmebis axsna da dasabuTeba.
SemiZlia iseTi movlenis mniSvnelovani niuansebis gadmocema, romelic
manamde ar momxdara (mag. ubeduri SemTxveva).
SemiZlia sxvas mivawodo detaluri miTiTebebi, Tu rogor SeuZlia imis
gakeTeba, rac me TviTon kargad gamomdis (mag. saWmlis momzadeba, Sinauri
cxovelis movla).
SemiZlia gasagebad aRvwero, rogor SeiZleba ama Tu im eleqtro
xelsawyos gamoyeneba (mag. qseroqsi, fotoaparati).
SemiZlia ramdenime winadadebiT gadmovce, ra damokidebuleba maqvs
Cems axloblebTan da davasabuTo Cemi mosazreba.
SemiZlia mokled da martivi sityvebiT gavakeTo Setyobineba (mag.
stumrebs warvudgino programa).
B2.1SemiZlia problemis kritikulad aRwera da problemuri situaciidan
gamosavalis cudi da kargi mxareebis dasaxeleba.
SemiZlia dawvrilebiT visaubro qveynis, an regionis msgavsebasa da
gansxvavebaze.
SemiZlia didxans visaubro CemTvis nacnob Temebze (mag., musika da
musikaluri jgufebi) da niuansebi aRvwero dawvrilebiT da Sevadaro
erTmaneTs.
237
SemiZlia detalurad gadmovce Cemi gamocdileba da aRvwero sakuTari
grZnobebi.
SemiZlia TanmimdevrobiTa da dawvrilebiT movyve istoria, an gancda.
B2.2SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso Temebis naTlad da detalurad aRwera.
SemiZlia sxvadasxva radio da satelevizio gadacemebis zepirad
gaanalizeba.
SemiZlia garkveviT da sistemurad aRvwero momxdari ambavi mTavari
detalebis win wamoweviT.
SemiZlia sxvadasxva werilobiTi teqstebis informaciis zepirad
warmodgena da komentaris gakeTeba.
6.5 wera
A1.1SemiZlia leqsikonis, saxelmZRvanelos, savarjiSo rveulis daxmarebiT
ramdenime sityvisagan Semdgari martivi winadadebis dawera.
SemiZlia mokle da martivi winadadebebiT davwero, vin var da sad
vcxovrob.
SemiZlia Zalian martivi sityvebis Cawera, mag., adamianebi, cxovelebi,
nivTebi, romlebsac suraTebze vxedav.
SemiZlia mwiri piradi monacemebis dawera (mag., asaki, misamarTi, hobi).
A1.2SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT sayofacxovrebo nivTebis aRwera (mag., manqanis
feri, zoma).
SemiZlia aRvwero, rogor aris mowyobili Cemi oTaxi.
SemiZlia martivi formiT davwero informacia sakuTar Tavze (mag., saxeli,
gvari, sacxovrebeli adgili, warmoSoba, asaki, hobi), aseve SemiZlia sxvas
vkiTxo igive.
SemiZlia mokle winadadebebiT davwero, ra miyvars yvelaze metad da
ras visurvebdi (mag., saWmeli, tansacmeli, cxovelebi).
238
SemiZlia mokle martivi baraTebis dawera.
SemiZlia Zalian martivi, mokle winadadebebiTa da gamoTqmebiT davwero
im adamianebsa da sagnebze, romlebsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi vxvdebiT
(samsaxuri, ojaxi, hobi, xalxi, romelTac vicnob, dRis reJimi).
SemiZlia naxazis meSveobiT avxsna sad vcxovrob da rogor SeiZleba
iq misvla.
SemiZlia misaloci da madlobis Sinaarsis baraTis dawera.
SemiZlia piradi miznebisaTvis movlenebisa da vadebis Sesaxeb martivi
Canawerebis gakeTeba.
SemiZlia megobrebisaTvis mokle Setyobinebis miwera, romelic Seicavs
kiTxvas, an informacias.
A2.1SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT davwero Cemi saqmianobis Sesaxeb (mag., samsaxuri,
sporti da Tavisufali dro).
SemiZlia axloblebis saxelze davwero mosawvevi.
SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT mivwero, rom gadavifiqre Sexvedra; SemiZlia
miwvevaze werilobiT reagireba.
SemiZlia mokle da martivi sityvebiT megobrebs Sevatyobino, rom
magviandeba, rom avad var, rom ar SemiZlia misvla.
SemiZlia CemTvis davwero samecadino gegma (kviris dReebiT, ricxvebiT).
SemiZlia martivi winadadebebiT aRvwero movlena, aseve rodis moxda
igi.
SemiZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT sagnebisa da adgilebis aRwera,
romlebic CemTvis nacnobia.
A2.2SemiZlia E-mail-iT, SMS, an mokle weriliT nacnobebsa da megobrebs
saWiro martivi, informacia gavucvalo (mag., sxvadasxva maRaziaSi ra
Rirs romelime disketi, romeli sportuli klubi jobia).
SemiZlia martivi istoriis moyola (mag., lamazi ardadegebis, an momavali
cxovrebis Sesaxeb).
SemiZlia nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb martivi teqstebis Sedgena da aseve
sakuTari azris dawera.
239
SemiZlia martivi, gadabmuli winadadebebiT aRvwero movlena (mag.,
Catarebuli eqsperimenti, Sejibreba, TxilamurebiT sriali, velosipedebis
qurdoba).
SemiZlia suraTebiTa da mokle teqstebiT davwero mogzaurobis mizani.
SemiZlia martivi gancxadebis dawera da aseve CemTvis saintereso
gancxadebaze reagireba (axalgazrdul gazeTsa Tu veb-gverdze)
SemiZlia saswavlo dRiurSi martivad davwero, ra rodis gavakeTe da
ra maqvs saswavli.
B1.1SemiZlia personaluri werilis dawera da masSi grZnobebis,
gamocdilebebisa da movlenebis gadmocema.
SemiZlia sagnebisa da movlenebis kargi da cudi mxareebis aRwera (mag.,
sacxovrebeli saxlis); SemiZlia sakuTari azris martivi sityvebiT
dasabuTeba.
SemiZlia gazeTisaTvis gavakeTo gancxadeba mniSvnelovani movlenis an
piradi gancdis Sesaxeb (mag., saintereso mogzaurobis Sesaxeb an
sainformacio xasiaTis).
SemiZlia garkveviT aRvwero sagnebi, romlebic mainteresebs (mag., video
an kompiuteruli TamaSi, aqtualuri moda an romelime sportis saxeoba)
da aseve maTi kargi da cudi mxareebis win wamoweva.
B1.2mosmenisas SemiZlia gavakeTo Canaweri, mag. roca ainteresebT informacia,
an aRweren problemas.
SemiZlia erTmaneTze gadabmuli winadadebebiT davwero yoveldRiuri
sagnebisa da movlenebis Sesaxeb. (mag., adgilebze, profesiul
gamocdilebasa da adamianebTan Sexvedris Sesaxeb).
SemiZlia werilis saSualebiT movipovo informacia, romelic mWirdeba
garkveuli miznisaTvis. SemiZlia am informaciis werilobiT Sedgena
da sxvisTvis gadacema.
SemiZlia werilobiTi reagirebis gakeTeba gancxadebaze, romelic
mainteresebs (mag., kursebi, ardadegebi).
SemiZlia qronologiuri principiT davwero Cemi biografia.
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B2.1SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso, aqtualur Temebze teqstis dawera (mag.
bunebis dacva, cxovelTa dacva, msoflios axali ambebi), da aseve aRniSvna,
gansakuTrebiT romelia CemTvis mniSvnelovani.
SemiZlia sakuTari gamocdilebebis werilobiT gadmocema.
SemiZlia kargad Camoyalibebuli, detaluri teqstis dawera wakiTxuli
an mosmenili informaciis safuZvelze.
SemiZlia Txzulebis/Sinaarsis dawera filmis, wignis, an speqtaklis
Sesaxeb.
B2.2SemiZlia werilis dawera, sadac detalurad avsaxav sakuTar
gamocdilebebs, sxvadasxva mosazrebebsa da grZnobebs.
SemiZlia mravalgverdiani moTxrobis, an istoriis naTlad, zusti wyobiT
dawera (mag. mogzaurobis istoria, kriminaluri, an fantastikuri ambavi).
SemiZlia bevri saintereso Temebis Sesaxeb detaluri teqstebis dawera,
informacias gadacema, sxvadasxva poziciis asaxva da erTmaneTTan
Sedareba, sakuTari azris gamoxatva.
SemiZlia werilobiT gamovxato Cemi problema.
SemiZlia werilobiT sistemurad avsaxo problema, win wamovwio
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi da gavmarTo diskusia;
SemiZlia teqstebSi damokidebulebaze, mizezebsa da Sedegebze varaudebis
gamoTqma werilobiT;
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7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da
gramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRweriloba
enis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia sakomunikacio funqciaa. bgera enis
umartivesi struqturuli elementia. fonetika aris enaTmecnierebis dargi,
romelic swavlobs adamianis sametyvelo bgerebs, enis bgeriT
Semadgenlobas, cvlilebebs da am cvlilebaTa kanonebs.
winadadebis sworad ageba gramatikuli normebis Sesabamisad xdeba.
gramatika ori nawilisagan Sedgeba _ es aris morfologia da sintaqsi.
Sesabamisad, am TavSi warmodgenilia qarTuli enis fonetikuri,
morfologiuri da sintaqsuri aRweriloba.
gramatika warmoiSva ucxouri enebis SeswavliT mizniT. am tipis gramatikas
preskriptuli ewodeba. igi cnobilia aseve tradiciuli gramatikis
saxelwodebiT. tradiciuli gramatika gvaZlevs mzamzareul wesebs ama
Tu im metyvelebis nawilis sxvadasxva formebis warmoebisa da xmarebis
Sesaxeb. igi didad mniSvnelovania, radganac iZleva sworad laparakisa
da weris saxelmZRvanelo wesebs. tradiciuli gramatika srulad ver
asaxavs im enobriv realobas, romelic enis ganviTarebis Sedegad
warmoiSoba xolme.
deskriptiuli (aRweriTi) gramatika aRwers enaSi realurad arsebul
formebs da maT funqcionirebas. misi mizania agreTve am formaTa xmarebis
mizezebis axsna.
Tanamedrove etapze metad aqtualuria e.w. komunikaciuri gramatika.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom komunikaciuri gramatika aris gramatika piriqiT
anu, igi arkvevs, Tu rogori gramatikuli struqturebi ixmareba ama Tu im
enobrivi mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad. komunikaciuri gramatika axali
tipis gramatikaa. igi pasuxobs SekiTxvas − rogor vixmaroT esa Tu isgramatikuli forma komunikaciis mizniT. amdenad, ZiriTadi yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia gramatikuli formebis xmarebaze, gamoyenebaze da ara
sxvadasxva formis agebis wesebze.
gramatikaSi didi adgili ukavia istoriul kvlevas rogorc erTi enis,
ise sxvadasxva enis farglebSi. amis Sesatyvisad gvaqvs istoriuli
gramatika da istoriul-SedarebiTi gramatika. istoriuli gramatika
ikvlevs sxvadasxva enobrivi elementebis ganviTarebas diaqroniaSi, anu
warmoSobidan dRemde. rac Seexeba istoriul-SedarebiT gramatikas, igi
ikvlevs sxvadasxva enis msgavsi struqturebis Taviseburebebs istoriul
WrilSi. SedarebiTi gramatika monaTesave elementebs ikvlevs.
aramonaTesave enebis mimarT msgavs kvlevas SepirispirebiTi gramatika
awarmoebs.
242
amgvarad, arsebobs gramatikis Semdegi ZiriTadi saxeebi: preskriptiuli
(tradiciuli), deskriptiuli (aRweriTi), istoriuli, istoriul-SedarebiTi,
SepirispirebiTi da komunikaciuri.
gramatika saSualebaa da ara mizani (miTumetes TviTmizani). funqciuri
(praqtikuli da pragmatuli) gramatikis umTavresi principia wina planze
sametyvelo erTeulis funqciuri da ara formaluri mxaris wamoweva.
misTvis mniSvnelovania, rom enobrivi kanonebi funqcionalurad iyos
aTvisebuli. amgvari midgomis SemTxvevaSi enis Semswavlelis yuradReba
mimarTulia funqciaze, xolo formas igi qvecnobierad iTvisebs. garkveuli
muSaobis Semdeg, masalaze dakvirveba mas Tavad aZlevs saSualebas esa
Tu is funqcia konkretul formas daukavSiros. funqciuri gramatikisTvis
arsebiTia, rom enobrivi saSualebebi, gramatikuli formebi SeirCes
sametyvelo miznis mixedviT.
7.1 fonetika
sametyvelo bgera warmoiTqmis, aso ki iwereba. dabeWdili an dawerili
aso, anu grafikuli niSani pirobiTi simboloa ama Tu im sametyvelo
bgerisa. erT bgeras erTi Sesabamisi grafikuli niSani aqvs, anu warmoTqma
ekvivalenturia dawerilobisa. am TvalsazrisiT qarTuli enis
Semswavlels saqme Zalian gaadvilebuli aqvs.
sametyvelo bgeraTa raodenoba sxvadasxva enaSi ar aris erTnairi, igi
sxvadasxvagvaria.
Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi 33 bgeraa. maTgan 5 xmovania, 28 Tanxmovani.
qarTul bgeriT sistemas axasiaTebs xmovanTa simartive da TanxmovanTa
mravalferovneba.
qarTulSi yvela xmovani a, e, i, o, u martivia. qarTul enaSi ar aris arc
grZeli da arc umlautiani xmovnebi.
qarTuli anbanis swavlebisas yuradReba unda mieqces specifikur (w, W, y,
Z, R...) bgerebs, romlebic qarTulisTvis (resp. kavkasiuri enebisTvis) arisdamaxasiaTebeli, aseve im opozicias, rasac qmnis p – f (papa – fafa), T –
t (Taro – taro), q – k (qudi – kudi), g – R (geri – Reri)
243
7.2 morfologia
morfologia swavlobs calkeul sityvas misi aRnagobis TvalsazrisiT.
morfe berZnulad formas niSnavs, logos ki moZRvrebas.
morfologiuri kategoriebis gamoxatvis saSualebebia afiqsebi _
prefiqsebi da sufiqsebi.
afiqsebis gamoyenebis princi pi aglutinaciuria – TiToeuli
morfologiuri kategoria gamoixateba damoukidebeli afiqsebiT.
qarTuli morfologiis zogadi sqema
7.2.1 arsebiTi saxeli
morfologiuri sqema
1. fuZe – wyaro
2. fuZe + br. niSani – wyaro-m
3. fuZe + mr. niSani + br. niSani – wyaro-eb-i
4. fuZe + mr. niSani + br. niSani + Tandebuli – wyaro-eb-is-Tvis
fuZe
fuZe SeiZleba iyos martivi, Sedgenili, afiqs(eb)iT nawarmoebi.
martivi _ kac-i
Sedgenili _ vaJiSvili
afiqsiT nawarmoebi _ Cox-osani, sa-col-e
brunva
saxeli gvxvdeba ama Tu im brunvis formiT TandebulTan erTad an mis
gareSe (Tandebulis ZiriTadi funqciaa sagnis adgilmdebareobis an
mimarTulebis aRniSvna).
mxolobiTi ricxvi
s a x e l o b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -i, –, (mag., kac-i, deda); dairTavs -viT Tandebuls (mag.,
bavSvi-viT iqceva).
244
funqciebi:
� I seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti
� II seriaSi gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti
� III seriaSi gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti
� yvela seriaSi gardauvali zmnis subieqti
m o T x r o b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -m(a), (mag., kac-ma, deda-m)
funqcia:
� II seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti
m i c e m i T i
mawarmoebeli: -s, (mag., kac-s) dairTavs Tandebulebs: -viT, -Tan, -ze, -Si (mag.,
klde-ze < klde-s-ze, klde-Si < klde-s-Si, kldes-Tan, klde-sa-viT,)
funqciebi:
� I seriaSi pirdapiri obieqti
� II seriaSi iribi obieqti
� III seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti
n a T e s a o b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -i(s), -s (mag., kac-is, metro-s (Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken.
mag., qal-is-Tvis, qal-is-gan, qal-is-ken).
ZiriTadi funqcia:
� gamoxatavs kuTvnilebas (mag., bavSv-is burTi)
m o q m e d e b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -iT, -Ti, (mag., Cangl-iT, metro-Ti daerTvis Tandebulebi: -
urT, -gan (>-dan) (mag., saxliT-urT, saxl-i-dan < saxl-iT-gan < saxlidgan).
ZiriTadi funqcia: instrumentis gamoxatva.
v i T a r e b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -a(d), (mag., kac-ad, Tve-d), -mde, -mdis Tandebulebi, (mag. skol-
a-mde < skol-ad-mde, saxl-a-mdis < saxl-ad-mdis).
ZiriTadi funqcia: gardaqceviTobis gamoxatva
w o d e b i T i
mawarmoeblebi: -o, -v, –, (mag., kac-o, mebaRe-v, nana)
funqcia: gamoxatavs mimarTvas
245
mravlobiTi ricxvi
mravlobiTis mawarmoebelia -eb. igi sufiqsis saxiT erTvis fuZes da
mas mosdevs brunvis mawarmoebeli.
mravlobiTi ricxvi sxvagvaradac iwarmoeba. es warmoeba ufro Zvelia,
magram Tanamedrove enaSic gamoiyeneba: sufiqsi -n-i, saxelobiTi (mag., kac-
ni), -n-o, wodebiTi (mag., Svil-no). -T(a): moTxrobiTi, micemiTi, naTesaobiTi
(mag., kac-Ta Tqves, bavSv-Ta undaT, Semswavlel-Ta jgufi).
mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi
saxelobiTi kac-i kac-eb-i kac-n-i
moTxrobiTi kac-ma kac-eb-ma kac-Ta
micemiTi kac-s kac-eb-s kac-Ta
naTesaobiTi kac-is kac-eb-is kac-Ta
moqmedebiTi kac-iT kac-eb-iT ⎯viTarebiTi kac-ad kac-eb-ad ⎯wodebiTi kac-o kac-eb-o kac-n-o
7.2.2 zedsarTavi saxeli
zedsarTavi rogorc substantivi, funqcionirebs iseve, rogorc arsebiTi
saxeli, mag., kargi. calke mdgomi zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis ise, rogorc
arsebiTi. qvemoT mogvaqvs brunebis magaliTi TanxmovanfuZiani da
xmovanfuZiani zedsarTavebisTvis.
saxelobiTi karg-i/- − uSno
moTxrobiTi karg-ma uSno-m
micemiTi karg-s − uSno-s
naTesaobiTi karg-is uSno-si
moqmedebiTi karg-iT uSno-Ti
viTarebiTi karg-ad − uSno-d
wodebiTi karg-o/v uSno-v
246
7.2.3 nacvalsaxeli
piris nacvalsaxelebi
I mx. r. II mx. r. I mr. r. II mr. r.
saxelobiTi me Sen Cven Tqven
moTxrobiTi me Sen Cven Tqven
micemiTi me Sen Cven Tqven
naTesaobiTi Cem Sen Cven Tqven
moqmedebiTi − − − −viTarebiTi − − − −wodebiTi − Se − −
III mx. III mx. III mx. III mr. III mr III mr
saxelobiTi es eg is eseni egeni isini
moTxrobiTi aman magan iman amaT magaT imaT
micemiTi amas magas imas amaT magaT imaT
naTesaobiTi amis magis imis amaT magaT imaT
moqmedebiTi amiT magiT imiT amaT magaT imaT
viTarebiTi amad magad imad amaT magaT imaT
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi
saxelobiTi es eg is
moTxrobiTi am mag im
micemiTi am mag im
naTesaobiTi am mag im
moqmedebiTi am mag im
viTarebiTi am mag im
kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi
vin, ra, rogori, romeli, ranairi, ramdeni, sadauri, rodindeli
saxelobiTi vin ra
moTxrobiTi vin ra
micemiTi vis ras
naTesaobiTi vis ris
moqmedebiTi (vis-iT) riT
viTarebiTi (vis-ad) rad
247
kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi
I mx. r. II mx. r. I mr. r. II mr. r.
saxelobiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni
moTxrobiTi Cemma Senma Cvenma Tqvenma
micemiTi Cems Sens Cvens Tqvens
naTesaobiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni
viTarebiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni
moqmedebiTi Cems Sens Cvens Tqvens
wodebiTi Cemo − Cveno Tqveno
III mx. III mx. III mx. III mr.
saxelobiTi amisi magisi misi maTi
moTxrobiTi amisma magisma misma maT
micemiTi amis magis mis maT
naTesaobiTi amisi magisi misi maTi
moqmedebiTi amisi magisi misi maTi
viTarebiTi amis magis mis maT
mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi
vinc, rac, romelic, rogoric, ranairic, ramdenic, rodindelic, sadauric,
visic, risic, risac.
kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi
visi, ris, risa.
gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi
TviTon, TviT, Tavad, TiToeuli, yoveli, yvela, sxva, mavani.
ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi
vinme, rame, romelime, rogorime, ramdenime, viRac, raRac, romeliRac.
uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebi
ar, ver, nu, aRar, veRar, nura, nuRar.
urTierTobiTi nacvalsaxelebi
erTmaneTi, erTurTi, erTimeore, urTierTi.
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7.2.4 ricxviTi saxeli
ricxviTi saxeli arsebobs sami tipis – raodenobiTi, rigobiTi, wilobiTi.
qarTuli Tvlis sistema ASereuli tipisaa. igi nawilobriv aTobiTia,
nawilobriv − ocobiTi.
raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli
ricxviTi saxeli sagnis raodenobas, rigs an nawils aRniSnavs. raodenobiTi
ricxviTi saxelis fuZe SeiZleba iyos martivic da rTulic.
martivfuZianebia: erTi, ori, sami, oTxi, xuTi, eqvsi, Svidi, rva, cxra, aTi, oci,
asi...
rTuli fuZeebia: TerTmeti (<aT-erT-meti), Tormeti (<aT-or-meti), ormoci
(<or-me-oci)...
ocis Semdeg oceulebis farglebSi ricxviTi saxelebi SeerTebulia
da kavSiriT (mag., oc-da-erTi...).
rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli
rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba raodenobiTisagan me- _ -e afiqsis
meSveobiT: oTxi > me-oTx-e, TerTmeti > me-TerTmet-e. Tu sawarmoebelfuZed aRebulia da kavSiriani rTuli ricxviTi saxeli, me- _ -e TavsarT-
bolosarTi erTvis kavSiris Semdeg (mag., oc-da-me-xuT-e, sam-oc-da-me-aT-e).
wilobiTi ricxviTi saxeli
wilobiTi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba rigobiTi saxelis viTarebiTi
brunvis formisgan, romelic fuZedaa gamoyenebuli da xelmeoredaa
nabrunebi (mag., meSvide _ meSvided > meSvidedi).
raodenobiTi rigobiTi wilobiTi
saxelobiTi xuT-i kac-i meore kac-i mesamed-i
moTxrobiTi xuT-ma kac-mas meore kac-ma mesamed-ma
micemiTi xuT kac-s meore kac-s mesamed-s
naTesaobiTi xuT-i kac-is meore kac-is mesamed-is
moqmedebiTi xuT-i kac-iT meore kac-iT mesamed-iT
viTarebiTi xuT kac-ad meore kac-ad mesamed-ad
wodebiTi xuT-o kac-o meore kac-o mesamed-o
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7.2.5 zmna
zmnas erTdroulad randenime morfologiuri kategoria moepoveba:
piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo, gvari qceva, kontaqti.
piris gamoxatva
subieqturi (moqmedi) piris niSnebi:
mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi
I piri v ................................... v .................................... T
II piri x ................................... x .................................... T
III piri ...................................... s, a, o ..................................... en, nen, an, n, es
mag., v-wer, v-wer-T, x-ar, x-ar-T
akeTeb-s, gaakeT-a, aq-o
akeTeb-en, akeTebd-nen, garbi-an, gaakeTo-n, aq-es.
obieqturi (samoqmedo) piris niSnebi:
pirdapiri mimarTeba iribi mimarTeba
mxolobiTi ricxvi mxolobiTi ricxvi
I piri m ................................... I piri m ..................................
II piri g .......................... II piri g ................................
III piri ..................................... III piri h, s .........................
mravlobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi
I piri gv ................................ I piri gv ...............................
II piri g ................................. (T) II piri g ................................ (T)
III piri ....................................... III piri h, s ........................... (T)
magaliTad:
m-aqebs; gv-aqebs m-axsovs; gv-axsovs
g-iyvars; g-iyvar-T g-axsovs; g-axsov-T
xatavs; xatavs h-yavs; s-Zinavs; s-Zinav-T
axsovs; axsov-T
250
kilo
kilo sami saxisaa: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi.
TxrobiTi − vcxrob, vcxovrobdi, vicxovre, micxovria, vicxovrebkavSirebiTi − swyurodes, vakeTo, sjobdes
brZanebiTi − wadi, iare, nu ixmaureb, ar gaafuWo, momitaneT, grcxvenodes.
aspeqti
aspeqti oria: usruli da sruli.
usruli apeqti
i)Aawmyo: vwer, vTamaSob, vWri (axla)
ii) momavali: vwer, vTamaSob, vWri, vwero, viTamaSo, vWra (xvalac)
iii) warsuli: vwerdi, vTamaSobdi, vWridi, vwere, viTamaSe, vWeri, miweria,
miTamaSia, miWria, meweros, meTamaSos, meWras.
sruli aspeqti
i) momavali: davwer, viTamaSeb, gavWri, davwero, viTamaSo, gavWra
ii) warsuli: davwere, viTamaSe, gavWeri, damiweria, miTamaSia, gamiWria,
dameweros, meTamaSos, gameWras.
arsebobs uaspeqto zmnebic: i) uzmniswino zogierTi gardauvali zmna (aris,
zis, uyvars...) da zogierTi vnebiTis forma (weria, xatia...). ii) zmniswiniani
formebi (adis, amodis, gamodis, gadmodis, Camodis, modis, midis, Cadis, Sedis,
gadis...), ZiriTadad moZraobis gamomxatveli zmnebi.
mwkrivebi
zmnuri formebi SeiZleba warmovadginoT sistemis saxiT, romelsac
seriaTa da mwkrivTa sistema ewodeba.
qvemoT mogvaqvs seriebisa da mwkrivebis CamonaTvali qarTulSi.
mwkrivebis gagebisaTvis TiToeul maTgans axlavs SekiTxva, romelzec
igi pasuxobs.
I seria
i) awmyos wre
1. awmyo ras vSvrebi?
2. uwyveteli ras vSvrebodi?
3. awmyos kavSirebiTi
ras vSvrebode?
ii) myofadis wre
1. myofadi ras vizam?
2. xolmeobiTi ras vizamdi?
3. myofadis kavSirebiTi ras vizamde?
II seria
1. wyvetili ra vqeni?
2. II kavSirebiTi ra vqna?
251
III seria
1. I TurmeobiTi ra miqnia?
2. II TurmeobiTi ra meqna?
3. III kavSirebiTi ra meqna?
gardamavloba
qarTuli zmna SeiZleba iyos gardamavali (xatavs, zrdis, aSenebs, iSenebs,
uSenebs, aSenebinebs...) da gardauvali (ixateba, exateba, Sendeba, uSendeba,
dgas, zis, wevs...). gardamavlobas garegnuli niSnebi aqvs: namyo (ra qna?)
obieqti saxelobiTSi daesmis, subieqti − moTxrobiTSi (daxata, gazarda,aaSena _ man is. dauxata, gauzarda, auSena, daaxatvina, gaazrdevina, aaSenebina
_ man mas is.
gardauval zmnebs an sul ar gaaCnia obieqti, an Tu aqvs, mxolod micemiT
brunvaSi, subieqti ki yovelTvis saxelobiTSia: daixata, gaizarda, aSenda
_ is.
daexata, gaezarda, auSenda _ is mas. mravlobiTis mesame pirSi emateba
sufiqsi -en: daixatn-en, gaizardn-en, aSendn-en.
erTpiriani zmna yvela gardauvalia, sampiriani zmna yvela gardamavalia,
orpiriani zmna SeiZleba iyos gardamavalic da gardauvalic.
gvari
qarTul enaSi subieqtis aqtiurobisa Tu pasiurobis xarisxis
gamosaxatavad gvaris sami forma arsebobs: moqmedebiTi, vnebiTi da
saSuali.
moqmedebiTi _ vagoreb, vacureb, vawuxeb... (subieqti aqtiuri piria);
vnebiTi _ gordeba, curdeba, wuxdeba (subieqti Tavad ganicdis moqmedebas);
saSuali _ goravs, curavs, wuxs (subieqtis aqtiurobis xarisxi gardamavalia)
qceva
kuTvnilebiT-daniSnulebiTi mimarTebebis gamosaxatavad qcevis sami forma
arsebobs: saarviso (neitraluri), saTaviso (sasubieqto) da sasxviso
(saobieqto).
saarviso _ vaSeneb, vxatav, vzrdi
saTaviso _ viSeneb, vixatav, vizrdi
sasxviso _ vuSeneb, vuxatav, vuzrdi
kontaqti
kontaqtis kategoria gulisxmobs subieqturi piris pirdapir an irib
CarTulobas moqmedebaSi. arsebobs uSualo da SualobiTi kontaqtis
formebi.
252
uSualo _ vxatav, vzrdi, vaSeneb
SualobiTi _ vaxatvineb, vazrdevineb, vaSenebineb
zmniswini
zmniswini win erTvis zmnas da mas 4 funqcia gaaCnia:
1. uCvenebs mimarTulebas (midis, modis...) 2.awarmoebs mwkrivs (akeTebs _
gaakeTebs) 3.awarmoebs sruli aspeqtis formas (akeTa _ gaakeTa)
4.gamoiyeneba axali leqsikuri erTeulis sawarmoeblad (waagebs _
moigebs).
agebulebis mixedviT zmniswini martivia (mi-, mo-, a-, da-, Ca-, Se-, ga-, wa-) an
rTuli (amo-, Camo-, Semo-, gamo-, mimo-, gada-, gadmo-).
7.2.6 saxelzmna
saxelzmna zmnis upiro formaa. igi saxelis niSnebsac atarebs da zmnisasac,
magram misi adgili ufro zmnaTa sistemaSia. saxelzmna orgvaria: sawyisi
(xatva, wera...), romelic winadadebaSi arsebiTi saxelis funqciiT gxvdeba
da mimReoba (daxatuli, dawerili...), romelic winadadebaSi zedsarTavi
saxelis funqcias asrulebs.
sawyisi. qarTul enaSi sawyisi brunviania. amitom mas SeuZlia iyos
winadadebis wevri _ subieqti, obieqti (pirdapiri, iribi), damateba, garemoeba.
mag.: male xatvas viwyeb; aqamde xatvisTvis ar mecala; xatvam Zalian
gamitaca.
sawyiss aqvs kategoriebi: mimarTuleba, aspeqti, kontaqti, iSviaTad gvaric.
mimarTuleba: gzavna _ Cagzavna, gagzavna, gamogzavna...
aspeqti: gzavna (usr.), gagzavna, Segzavna, migzavna, gadagzavna (sruli).
kontaqti: gzavna (uSualo), gzavnineba (SualobiTi).
mimReoba zmnis uuRlebeli formaa, romelic ibrunvis da gamoiyeneba
rogorc zedsarTavi: amSenebeli, asaSenebeli, auSenebeli. mimReobas aqvs
is kategoriebi, romlebic sawyiss gaaCnia: mimarTuleba, aspeqti, kontaqti,
gvari. sawyisisagan gansxvavebiT mimReobas aqvs drois gageba.
mimarTuleba − gzavnili − Cagzavnili, gagzavnili, gamogzavnili,
gadagzavnili, gadmogzavnili, agzavnili.
aspeqti − gzavnili (usr.) − gagzavnili (sruli)
gvari − gamgzavneli (moqm.) − gagzavnili (vnebiTi)
kontaqti − gagzavnili (uSualo) − gagzavninebuli (SualobiTi)
253
7.2.7 formaucvleli sityvebi da nawilakebi
formaucvleli srulmniSvnelovani da damxmare sityvebia: zmnizeda,
Tandebuli, kavSiri, nawilaki da Sorisdebuli.
zmnizeda
zmnizeda gamoxatavs moqmedebis adgils, dros, mizezs, mizans da a.S.
gamoiyofa zmnizedaTa Semdegi tipebi:
adgilis zmnizeda (sad?): win, ukan, TavSi, SuaSi, boloSi, zeviT, qveviT,
maRla, dabla, garSemo, irgvliv, aq, iq, aRma, daRma... (saidan?) − aqedan,iqidan, zevidan, maRlidan, gverdidan, Signidan, Soridan...
drois zmnizeda (rodis?): axla, dRes, wuxelis, weRan, jer, Semdeg, erTxel,
odesRac, odesme, gvian, xandaxan, mudam...
viTarebis zmnizeda (rogor?): kargad, mSvidad, ueWvelad, Cqara, nela,
almacerad, nakuw-nakuw, gulaRma, Tavdayira, gardi-gardmo...
zoma-wonisa da odenobis zmnizeda (ra zomiT? ra odenobiT?
ramdenad? ramdenjer?): amdenad, magdenad, egzom, metad, nakleb, erTgzis,
erTjer, orjer, asjer, cotad, sruliad, yovlad, mTlianad...
mizezis zmnizeda (ratom?): amitom, imitom, magitom...
miznis zmnizeda (rad? risTvis?): amisTvis, magisTvis, imisTvis, amad...
kiTxviTi zmnizeda: sad? rodis? saidan? saiTken? ratom? rad? risTvis?
mimarTebiTi zmnizeda. kiTxviTi zmnizeda c nawilakis darTviT kiTxvis
tons kargavs da mimarTebiTad iqceva: sadac, rodesac, saidanac, saiTkenac,
radac, risTvisac...
Tandebuli
Tandebuli Sedgenilobis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos martivi (-gan, -Tvis...)
an rTuli (gamo, mimarT...).
yvelaze gavrcelebuli Tandebulebia:
micemiTi br + -Si, mag., qalaqSi
micemiTi br + -ze, mag., mTaze
micemiTi br + -Tan, mag., saxlTan
micemiTi br + -viT, mag., cxeniviT
micemiTi br + Sua, Soris, mag., or zRvas Sua, Cven Soris
naTesaobiTi br + -Tvis, mag., adamianisTvis
naTesaobiTi br + -gan, mag., sixarulisgan, xisgan, Zmisgan
naTesaobiTi br + -ken, mag., soflisken
254
moqmedebiTi br + -dan, mag., universitetidan
viTarebiTi br + -mde, mag., samsaxuramde, SuadRemde
kavSiri akavSirebs winadadebis or wevrs an or winadadebas. igi
mniSvnelobas iZens mxolod sxva sityvebTan erTad xmarebisas. kavSiri
funqciis mixedviT SeiZleba or jgufad daiyos _ maerTebeli da
maqvemdebarebeli.
maerTebeli kavSiri SeiZleba iyos:
i) majgufebeli: da, Tu (kata da ZaRli; saTamaSoebi, saxatavi rveulebi
Tu feradi fanqrebi sul iatakze iyo gabneuli);
ii) macalkevebeli kavSirebi: Tu, an, gind, Tund (Cais miirTmevT Tu yavas?;
dedas an mamas vetyvi; gind ase Tqvi, gind ise; Tunda gabrazdes mainc
waval);
iii) mapirispirebeli kavSirebi: magram, xolo, ki, Torem, aramed, (Tovs, magram
ar civa; nino pataraa, xolo misi Zma ukve col-Sviliania; me Sen giTxari,
Sen ki qveyana Semiyare; wamodi, Torem dedas davuZaxeb; is sofelSi ki
ar yofila, aramed parizSi seirnobda);
iiii) maigivebeli kavSirebia: anu, ese igi (dentaluri bgerebi; bileTebi
aviReT e.i. mivdivarT).
maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: adgilis
(sadac, saiTac...), drois (rodesac, vidre...), mizezis (radganac, imitom, rom),
miznis (raTa...), daTmobis (Tumca). maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri akavSirebs
or winadadebas, romelTagan erTi mTavaria, meore ki − damokidebuli.
nawilaki win uZRvis, an mosdevs sityvas. win uZRvis: ar, ver, nu... mosdevs:
me, ve, Ra, ca, ode... zogi nawilaki marto zmnasTan ixmareba (ar, ver, nu), zogi
ricxviT saxelTan (ode), zogi yvelanair sityvasTan (o). zogierTi nawilaki
calke iwereba (xolme, Turme, nu, ar, ver...)
funqciebis mixedviT nawilakebi SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi saxis:
kiTxviTi: gana, nuTu, xom (gana ar ici? nuTu marTalia? xom giTxari?)
mimarTebiTi: c (ca). am nawilakis funqciaa kiTxviTi sityva mimarTebiTad
aqcios: vinc, rac, romelic, sadac...
ganusazRvrelobiTi: kiTxviTi sityva (vin? ra? romeli? ramdeni? rogor?
sad? saidan?) ganusazRvrelad iqceva, Tu mas daerTo nawilaki me: vinme,
rame, romelime, ramdenime, rogorme, sadme, saidanme...
ukuTqmiTi: ar(a), ver, nu.
sityva-sityviTi: meTqi, Tqva, Tqo, o.
migebiTi: ho, ki, diax, ara, vera.
255
Sorisdebuli adamianis grZnobis, gancdis, neba-survilis gamomxatveli
bgera, bgeraTa jgufi an sityvaa (oh, uh, ah, oi, ui, vai, vaime...). igi gankerZoebiT
dgas winadadebis TavSi, SuaSi an boloSi. Sorisdebulis xmarebisas
xSirad axlavs saTanado Jestikulaciac. mag., oh, ra Zvirfasi nivTia.
biWos! es ra Widaoba gaumarTavT!
7.3 qarTuli enis sintaqsuri aRweriloba
sintaqsi swavlobs winadadebaSi sityvaTa SekavSirebis wesebs (sintaqsis
– berZ. Sedgena)
winadadeba aris ama Tu im enis kanonebis mixedviT erTmaneTTan
Sexamebuli sityvebis jgufi an calke sityva, romelic dasrulebul
azrs gamoxatavs. azris dasrulebulobasTan erTad winadadebis erT-
erT ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSnad predikatulobaa miCneuli. cxadia,
zmna-Semasmenlis gareSe verc dasrulebuli azri ver gadmoicema da
verc winadadeba Seiqmneba. winadadebas garkveuli intonacia axasiaTebs,
romelic werisas sasveni niSnebiTaa gadmocemuli. winadadebis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi niSnebidan (azris dasrulebuloba,
predikatuloba, intonacia) azris dasrulebuloba da predikatuloba
aucilebeli komponentebia komunikaciis dasamyareblad.
7.3.1 winadadebis saxeebi Sinaarsis mixedviT
Sinaarsis mixedviT winadadeba SeiZleba iyos TxrobiTi, kiTxviTi,
brZanebiTi, Zaxilisa da kiTxviT-Zaxilisa. TiToeuli maTgani Sinaarsis
mixedviT an warTqmiTia (dadebiTi) an ukuTqmiTi (uaryofiTi).
TxrobiTi winadadeba
TxrobiT winadadebaSi gadmocemulia realuri an irealuri faqti an
movlena. mag., JuJuna wvima movida, didi mindori danama, warTqmiTi
winadadebaa. mdinare aRma ver wava – ukuTqmiTia. TxrobiTi winadadebis
bolos wertili iwereba.
qarTul enaSi TxrobiTi winadadebis intonacia Tavidan amaRlebulia,
magram TandaTan dabldeba da mTavrdeba dabali toniT. Tumca
komunikacia intonaciis wesebis codnis gareSec SeiZleba damyardes.
TxrobiTi winadadeba amis saSualebas iZleva. yuradReba ZiriTadad
gadatanili unda iyos zmnis gaformebaze.
kiTxviTi winadadeba
SekiTxvis Semcvel winadadebas kiTxviTi hqvia. mag., vin movida? kidev
wvims? kiTxviTi winadadeba orgvaria: kiTxviTsityviani da ukiTxviTsityvo.
kiTxviT sityvebSi moiazreba:
256
kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi – vin? ra? romeli? rogori? ramdeni? sadauri?
rodindeli?
kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi – visi? risi? risa?
kiTxviTi zmnizedebi – sad? saidan? saiTken? rodis? rogor? ratom?
risTvis? ramdenad?..
kiTxviTi nawilakebi – xom, gana, nuTu.
kiTxviTsityvian winadadebaSi maxvili kiTxviT sityvaze unda daisvas.
intonacia ki daRmavali unda iyos. Tu kiTxviT winadadebaSi kiTxviTi
sityva ar aris, SekiTxvis maxvili zmna-Semasmenlis bolo marcvalze
daismis da intonacia odnav aRmavalia. magaliTad, ginaxavT feri dabindul
qliavis? kiTxviT winadadebas, romelSic sityva ar aris warmoTqmis
dros TxrobiTi winadadebisagan mxolod intonacia ganasxvavebs.
magaliTad, giorgi movida, TxrobiTia, giorgi movida? maxvili zmna-
Semasmenlis bolo marcvalzea da aRmavali intonaciaa, Sesabamisad,
winadadeba kiTxviTia. kiTxviTi winadadebis bolos kiTxvis niSani iwereba.
brZanebiTi winadadeba
brZanebiT winadadebaSi gamoxatulia mTqmelis neba-survili, rom zmna-
SemasmeneliT gadmocemuli moqmedeba Sesruldes an ar Sesruldes. amdenad,
brZanebiTi winadadebac SeiZleba iyos warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi. magaliTad,
warTqmiTia – gaswi, gamiZexi win. ukuTqmiTia – nu gamijavrdebi, ar wameCxubo,
nurafers metyvi.
brZanebiTi winadadeba yovelTvis brZanebas ar gamoxatavs. man SeiZleba
gadmosces Txovna (RmerTo, miSvele), rCeva-darigeba (frTxilad, cecxls
nu eTamaSebi.), mowodeba (rTveli daiwyo, aba, SevesioT venaxs!), dalocva
(dailocos saqarTvelo, idide marad, Cemo samSoblo), wyevla (Se
aragasazrdelo, Sena), gamxneveba (nu geSinia, guls nu gaitex, yvelaferi
kargad iqneba).
brZanebiTi winadadebis bolos yovelTvis Zaxilis niSani ar iwereba, Tu
is TxrobiTis msgavsad warmoiTqmis, boloSi wertili ixmareba.
Zaxilis winadadeba
Tu winadadebaSi gadmocemul azrs mTqmelis grZnobadi damokidebuleba
axlavs, mas Zaxilis winadadeba ewodeba. adamianis grZnobebi
sxvadasxvagvaria:
aRfrTovanebis gamomxatveli (ra mSvenieria, zRapruli silamazea), gaocebis
gamomxatveli (Sexede, ra xdeba),
aRSfoTebis gamomxatveli (ui, ui, es xom yovlad dauSvebelia!), mwuxarebis
gamomxatveli (oh, es ra ubedureba datrialebula!), sixarulis
gamomxatveli (gilocav am did warmatebas, ra bednierebaa!), natvris
gamomxatveli (ax, netavi SenTan viyo!), sinanulis gamomxatveli (guSin
aResrula Cveni mgosani!)
257
Zaxilis winadadeba SeiZleba SinaarsiT warTqmiTi iyos, formiT ki
ukuTqmiTi. magaliTad, Zlivs gaRimebuli ar vixile meri! e.i. Zlivs
gaRimebuli vixile meri! am or winadadebaSi intonaciis iseT
monacvleobasTan gvaqvs saqme, romelic araqarTvelisTvis sakmaod rTulia
da komunikaciis dasamyareblad misi codna savaldebulo namdvilad
ar aris. Zaxilis winadadebis bolos aucileblad Zaxilis niSani iwereba.
kiTxviT-Zaxilis winadadeba
Tu winadadeba erTsa da imave dros kiTxvasac Seicavs da garkveul
grZnobasac, aseTi winadadeba kiTxviT-Zaxilisaa. magaliTad, gana
SeiZleboda am ambis dafarva?! kiTxviT-Zaxilis winadadeba SeiZleba
upasuxo darCes. aseTi winadadebis bolos kiTxvis da Zaxilis niSani
iwereba.
7.3.2 sintaqsuri urTierTobis saxeebi
sintaqsuri urTierTobis ZiriTadi saxeebia: SeTanxmeba, marTva da
mirTva .
SeTanxmeba
sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis iseT saxes, roca daqvemdebarebuli
sityva im formas iRebs, romelic aqvs mTavar sityvas, ewodeba SeTanxmeba.
magaliTad, Zveli burTi
ori burTi
Cemi burTi
samive wyvilisaTvis burTi mTavari sityvaa, maszea daqvemdebarebuli
Zveli (zedsarTavi saxeli), ori (ricxviTi saxeli), Cemi (nacvalsaxeli).
mTavari sityvis brunebisas imave brunvis formas iRebs damokidebulic.
magaliTad, Zvelma burTma, orma burTma, Cemma burTma... Tu mTavar sityvas
-eb-ian mravlobiTSi CavsvamT, masze daqvemdebarebuli sityva mxolobiT
ricxvSi darCeba. magaliTad, Zveli burTebi, Cemi burTebi – Zvelma burTebma,
Cemma burTebma... SeTanxmebisTvis aucilebelia, rom wyvilis wevrebs
hqondeT erTi da igive kategoria brunvis da ricxvis an mxolod ricxvis.
saxelma saxeli SeiZleba SeiTanxmos brunvaSic da ricxvSic, magram
saxels SeuZlia SeiTanxmos zmna mxolod ricxvSi.
marTva
marTva ewodeba sintaqsuri urTierTobis iseT saxes, romlis drosac
mTavari sityva moiTxovs daqvemdebarebulisgan im formas, romelic mas
ara aqvs mocemul SemTxvevaSi an ara aqvs saerTod. magaliTad,
konstruqtoriT TamaSobs
TamaSobs konstruqtoriT
iTamaSebs konstruqtoriT
iTamaSos konstruqtoriT
uTamaSia konstruqtoriT
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aq zmna moiTxovs saxelisagan imas, rac TviTon saerTod ara aqvs e.i.
zmna marTavs saxels brunvaSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi mmarTavma sityvam
marTuli sityvisagan SeiZleba moiTxovos is forma, romelic mas ara
aqvs mocemul SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad,
xis tot-i
xis tot-ma
xis tot-s
xis tot-is
xis tot-iT
xis tot-ad
xis tot-o
am SemTxvevaSi mTavari sityvis yvela brunvasTan masze daqvemdebarebuli
msazRvreli (xis) mxolod naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTaa Sewyobili. es
niSnavs, rom aq marTvaa brunvaSi da ara SeTanxmeba.
SeTanxmeba da marTva zmnisa da saxelis sintaqsuri urTierTobisas
uaRresad saintereso ormxriv damokidebulebas ganapirobebs: qarTul
enaSi zmna polivalenturia; Sesabamisad, masTan Sewyobili saxelebi
garkveul sintaqsur damokidebulebaSi imyofebian zmnasTan: saxeli
marTavs zmnas pirSi (me v-ar; Sen x-ar, is ari-s) da iTanxmebs ricxvSi
(Sdr.: kac-i modi-s - kac-eb-i modi-an); Tavis mxriv, zmna marTavs saxels
brunvaSi (imisda mixedviT, dro-kiloTa romel seriaSia zmnuri forma
da rogoria masTan Sewyobili saxeli – subieqturi piri, iribobieqturi
piri Tu pirdapirobieqturi piri):
I seria uSenebs kac-i saxl-s megobar-s
II seria auSena kac-ma saxl-i megobar-s
III seria auSenebia kac-s saxl-i (megobr-isTvis)
mirTva
mirTva ewodeba sityvaTa SekavSirebis iseT saxes, rodesac mTavari
sityva masze daqvemdebarebuls mxolod azrobrivad ikavSirebs. amgvari
SekavSireba maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu daqvemdebarebuli sityva
formaucvlelia, e.i. mas aranairi cvlilebis unari ar gaaCnia. mirTvis
dros sintaqsur wyvilSi mTavari sityva ZiriTadad zmnaa (mag., aq davibade),
magram SeiZleba Segvxvdes sxvac. magaliTad,
zmnizeda (Zalian nela, ise uecrad...)
zedsarTavi saxeli (odnav ganieri, ase mSvenieri...)
sawyisi (ase wera, amgvarad saubari...)
mimReoba (iq misatani, naklebad seriozuli...)
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7.3.3 winadadebis saxeebi agebulebis mixedviT
agebulebis mixedviT winadadeba SeiZleba iyos sami saxis: martivi,
Serwymuli da rTuli.
martivi winadadeba
martivia winadadeba, romelic gadmoicema erTi (magaliTad, Tovs, gaavdrda,
daRamda) an ramdenime sityviT, romlebsac erTmaneTTan marTva akavSirebs,
Tumca maT Soris SeiZleba iyos mirTvac. magaliTad, uceb Camobnelda
− esaa or wevriani martivi winadadeba, romelic mirTviTaa dakavSirebuli.
daviTma amayad miugo nikos − am martivi winadadebis oTxi wevridan
erTi wyvili amayad miugo mirTviT ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, xolo danarCen
or wyvilSi daviTma miugo, miugo nikos marTva gvaqvs.
martiv winadadebaSi ar SeiZleba iyos erTze meti zmna-Semasmeneli.
Serwymuli winadadeba
Serwymulia winadadeba, Tu masSi warmodgenilia erTi da imave funqciis
ori an meti wevri. es erTgvari wevrebi erTsa da imave wevrs miemarTebian
xolme. magaliTad, ano, vano da kato damegobrdnen. aRniSnuli sami wevri
miemarTeba sityvas damegobrdnen.
rTuli winadadeba
rTulia winadadeba, Tu igi Sedgeba ori an meti martivi an Serwymuli
winadadebisagan, mag., Semodgoma movida wiTel-yviTel ferebiT, mosavaliT
aivso saqarTvelos velebi. am rTul winadadebaSi gaerTianebulia erTi
Serwymuli da erTi martivi winadadeba.
rTuli winadadeba SeiZleba iyos Tanwyobili da qvewyobili:
Tanwyoba aris iseTi martivi an Serwymuli winadadebis rTul winadadebad
SekavSireba, romlebic sintaqsurad Tanasworni arian erTmaneTis mimarT.
magaliTad, bazaleTisa tbis Ziras oqros akvani ariso da mis garSemo
wylis qveSe ucxo walkoti yvaviso.
rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi erTi mTavaria, danarCeni ki masze
daqvemdebarebuli. magaliTad, is quCebi, romliTac unda gaetarebinaT
mgosani Teatramdis, dilidanve gaWedili iyo xalxiT.
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Reference Level Description for the Georgian Language
Now Reference Level Descriptions for European Languages has grown with the Reference LevelDescription for the Georgian Language. I would like to express my gratitude and respect to the Councilof Europe for giving me possibility to evaluate and publish this work. Interest is being shown in thepreparation of RLD for national and regional languages of the multilingual Europe. I hope that RLD forthe Georgian Language, like other descriptions, will contribute to the implementation of the Council ofEurope Language policy to incrpease European mobility and mutual understanding by giving betteraccess to the diversity of European Languages across European continent.
Georgia is situated in Southern Caucasus. The neighbours from North are the republics of RussianFederation, from East − Azerbaijan and from South − Turkey and Armenia. Apart from Georgia, theGeorgian Language is more or less spoken on the territory of Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan, as well.Besides, Georgian is spoken in Europe and America by the Georgian diasporas, which have quiteincreased during last twenty years.
Georgian Language belongs to the group of Kartvelian Languages and this group belongs to the familyof Ibero-Caucasian Languages. Georgian is the oldest written and literary language in this family.
Georgian alphabet is one of the oldest in the World. There are several theories about its origin, butaccording to the most popular opinion it arose in the 3rd century B.C.
There are 33 letters and the same number of sounds in the modern Georgian alphabet. The differencefrom other alphabets is that every sound has its own graphic symbol and we write as we pronounce andvice versa.
Reference Level Description for the Georgian Language is aimed at those concerned with the teachingand learning of Georgian: curriculum planners, course designers, teachers, test constructors, learners,publishers and authors of textbooks for Georgian as a second or foreign language.
It deals with the language required by foreign businessmen, tourists on a temporary visit to Georgia,Georgian families living abroad. It will also be useful for the minorities living in Georgia.
Georgia is a multinational country. Georgian as a state language is a second language for non-Georgiansliving on the territory of Georgia, but there are some villages in Georgia where mostly minorities live andthey hear Georgian very frequently. They don’t have Georgian environment. It means that teaching ofGeorgian there is conducted as a foreign language. This work will be a good support for them, as well.
RLD for the Georgian language consists of foreword, 7 parts and 22 chapters.In the foreword, general description of the Georgian language, first written sources and alphabet isgiven.
Part 1 − The general description of the work. There is given the necessity of creating RLD for theGeorgian language, the idea of communicative language teaching and the components of communicativecompetence − linguistic, sociolinguistic, discursive, sociocultural, social, strategic is explained. Thetheoretical description of reference levels is given.
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Part 2 − Communicative competences for adult learners are the most interesting and useful for everybodybecause it includes not only the list of the material, but it is illustrated by many examples and phrases forthe possible circumstances in which learners may find themselves. We started from A1 and worked upto B2 and showed the progress from level to level. This chapter consists of four parts: Speech acts,General notions, Thematic vocabulary and Cultural aspects. Each part is classified according to thefunctions, e.g. Speech acts contain: Imparting and seeking information, expressing and finding out attitudes,socializing, deciding on and managing the course of action, assuring and repairing communication andstructuring discourse.
General notions include: existence, space, time, quantity, qualities of things and peoples and logicalrelationships.
Thematic vocabulary includes: identification of a person, place of residence, environment, everydaylife, professional context, leisure and recreation activities, travel and transportation, weather, education,shopping, food and drink, health and career plans.
Cultural aspect covers sociocultural behavior; customs and traditions, art, dances, religious beliefs;current issues; economic issues, political issues, employment…
Part 3 includes communicative competences for schoolchildren established by the Ministry of Educationand Science of Georgia.
Part 4 − The types of text. There are given the types of texts and genres for listening and reading, theskills of writing. This part will contribute the learner to create the sense of text producing and interpreting,so that he could produce the texts of different types according to his level of language competence andto make correct, adequate decisions on further behaviors. The emphasis is made on the point that alearner could use compensative tactics while understanding written and oral texts.
Part 5 − The strategies. There is emphasized that we should develop in a learner self-learning andstrategic skills. There are described the possibilities from which these skills consist. It is discussed thatspeaking and compensative strategies help the learner to continue the interrupted conversation, if hecan use the same words and expressions as his interlocutor; attention is paid to non-verbal communicationas well.
Part 6 − There are given the samples of descriptors, which show the progress from level A1 to level B2according to listening, reading, spoken interaction, spoken production and writing skills.
Part 7 − There is given the Georgian sound system, explained the idea of communicative grammar, thatthe grammar is the means and not the aim, there are analyzed functional and systematic grammarprinciples and are given the morphologic and syntactic description of the Georgian language.
Marika OdzeliProfessor, national representative of
Language Policy to the Council of Europe