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PZ01DX Programming Language design and Implementation -4th EditionCopyrightPrentice Hall, 2000

1

PZ01DX - Overview of C and C++

Programming Language Design and Implementation (4th Edition)

by T. Pratt and M. Zelkowitz

Prentice Hall, 2001

Section 1.5

Section 6.5

Appendix A.2

Appendix A.3

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C overview

C developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson

at AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories

Developed as language to implement UNIX on a DEC PDP-

11. UNIX was a then small operating system to

compete with the large Multics of MIT and GE.

C is more of an environment than a simple language:

The C language

The C preprocessor (#include, #if, ...)

The C interface assumptions (.h include files)

The C library (Built-in functions like printf,

malloc, ...

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C program structure

C program is a sequence of procedures and globaldeclarations

Each procedure contains local declarations, imperative

statements, which can call other procedures

Most data are integer data. This allows full

flexibility since almost everything is an integer.

More about C data storage later in semester.

Today C and to some extent C++ have become the dominant

language used to develop systems software (operating

systems, compilers, utility programs, video games,etc.)

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C example

1 #include

2 const int maxsize=9;

3 main()

4 {int a[maxsize];

5 int j,k;

6 while( (k=convert(getchar())) != 0) {

7 for(j=0;j

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C example

1 #include

2 const int maxsize=9;

3 main()

4 {int a[maxsize];

5 int j,k;

6 while( (k=convert(getchar())) != 0) {

7 for(j=0;j

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C++ overview

Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T in 1986 as an

extension to C.

C++ includes essentially all of C (both good and bad

features)

Improves on C by adding strong typing

Goal was to keep efficiency of C execution, while

adding new features

C++ adds concept of a class (borrowed from Simula,

which was a simulation language developed from

Algol).

Data was defined local to a class

Functions (methods) could access this local data

Implemented concept of inheritance of classes

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C++ example

1 #include

2 classDataConvert {

3 protected: int convert(char ch) {return ch-'0';}};

4 classDataStore: DataConvert{

5 public:

6 int initial(char a)

7 {ci=0; return size = convert(a);};

8 void save(char a) {store[ci++]=convert(a);};

9 int setprint() { ci=0; return size;};10 int printval() { return store[ci++];};

11 int sum()

12 {int arrsum;

13 arrsum=0;

14 for(ci=0;ci

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C++ example (continued)

21 main()

22 {int j,k;

23 DataStore x;

24 while((k=x.initial(cin.get()))!=0)

25 {for(j=0;j0;j--)cout

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