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Theories ofPersonality

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Personality

A pattern of enduring, distinctivethoughts, emotions, behaviors thatcharacterize the way an individual adapts

to the world.

Is personality innate or learned?

Is personality conscious or unconscious?

Is personality inuenced by internal ofeternal factors?

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P!"#$%&"'A(I# P)*!P)#TI+)!

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PsychodynamicPerspectives +iew personality as being primarily

unconscious and as developing in stages

)mphasizes that early eperiences with

parents play an important role in sculptingthe individuals personality.

-ehavior is merely a surfacecharacteristic.

To truly understand someones personalitywe have to eplore the symbolicmeanings of behavior.

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reuds PsychoanalyticTheory

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-orn in Austria in 289: anddied in 6ondon at the age of8;,

As a child, reud was

regarded as a genius by hissiblings.

$as his own romanticattachment to his mother.

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!I/(0'& *)0& 123245

-)6I)!7

The unconscious mind holdsthe

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THE ICEBERG ANALOGY

The conscious mind is thepart of the iceberg abovewater, the unconscious mindthe part below water. 'oticethat the id is totally

unconscious, while the egoand superego can operate ateither the conscious or theunconscious level.

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THE ICEBERG ANALOGY

id > consists of instincts,which are the individualsreservoir of psychicenergy.

ego > deals with thedemands of reality. superego > deals with

morality

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Defense Mechanisms

-The egos protective methods for reducinganiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

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DEFENSEMECHANISMS

HOW IT WORKS EXAMLE

*epression The ego pushesunacceptableimpulses out of

awareness, bac parts of the body that havespecially strong pleasuregiving Bualities atparticular stages of development.

! STAGES OF ERSONALITY DE"ELOMENT %ral !tage 128 months old5 > The infants greatest

pleasure centers on the mouth. #hewing, suc The childsgreatest pleasure involves the anus. The eerciseof anal muscles reduces tension.

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Phallic !tage 1;: years old5 > The name of reudsthird stage comes from the 6atin word phallus,

which means CpenisD. Pleasure focuses on thegenitals as the child discovers selfstimulation is

enoyable.Oe#i$%s c&m$'e( ) the young childs development

of an intense desire to replace the parent of thesame se and enoy the a@ections of the oppositese parent.

6atency !tage 1: years old to puberty5 > The childrepresses all interest in seuality and developssocial and intellectual s Thetime of seual reawa

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DEFENSE MECHANISM AND FRE*DIAN STAGES

STAGE AD*LTEXTENSIONS

S*BLIMATIONS

REACTIONFORMATIONS

%ral !mo

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SYCHODYNAMIC DISSENTERS ANDRE"ISIONISTS

KAREN HORNEY +,!-,.!/0E )mphasizes womens positive

Bualities and selfevaluation.E *eected the concept that

Canatomy is destinyD. #autioned that reuds ideas are

only hypotheses.

-elieved that the need for securitywas the prime motive in humaneistence.

!uggested that people usuallydevelop strategies in their e@ort tocope with aniety with their move

toward people, move away frompeople, and move against people.

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CARL 1*NG +,2!-,.3,0- !wiss psychiatrist who developed

the concepts of the collective

unconscious and archetypes.- #ollective unconscious > Fungs

terms for the impersonal, deepestlayer of the unconscious mind,shared by all human beingsbecause of their common

ancestral past.- Archetypes > the name Fung gave

to the emotionally laden ideasand images in the collectiveunconscious that have rich andsymbolic meaning.

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ALFRED ADLER +,24 ) ,.520- Individual psychology > the term for

Adlers approach, which viewspeople as motivated by purposes

and goals, being creators of theirown lives.

- %vercompensation > his term for theindividuals attempt to deny ratherthan ac for

eaggerated feelings of inadeBuacy.G. !uperiority comple > for

eaggerated selfimportanceinvo

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