pwc *connectedthinking extensible business reporting language (xbrl) update walter hamscher...
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PwCPwC*connectedthinking
Extensible Business Reporting Language
(XBRL) Update
Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Executive Committee, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
The business reportingsupply-chain
External
Financial
Reporting
BusinessOperations
InternalFinancialReporting
Investment,Lending,
andRegulation
Processes
Participants
AuditorsTradingPartners
Investors
FinancialPublishersand Data
Aggregators
Regulators
Software Vendors
ManagementAccountants
Companies
XBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRL
PwC
PwC
PwC
?
<ias:sales numericContext="rg00brl">-3181000000.</ias:sales><ias:sales numericContext="rg00usd">-4613000.</ias:sales><ias:sales numericContext="rg01brl">-3583000000.</ias:sales><ias:sales numericContext="rg01usd">-5196000.</ias:sales><ias:returns numericContext="rg00brl">0.</ias:returns><ias:returns numericContext="rg00usd">0.</ias:returns><ias:profit numericContext="ins00usd">228000.</ias:profit><ias:profit numericContext="ins00brl">84000.</ias:profit><ias:profit numericContext="ins00brl">73000.</ias:profit>
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
XBRL-enabled reporting software
Shipping• SAP mySAP financials• MBS Navision 3.70• Oracle 11i FSG• Creative Solutions• Cognos Financials• Hyperion Financials
Announced• Business Objects• PeopleSoft EFM
Custom • CaseWare Financials• Hitachi GEMPlanet
PwC
XBRL-enabled software tools
BlastRadius XMetal
DecisionSoft XBRL suite
EDGAR Online iMetrics
Fujitsu XWand
Ipedo XBRL Adapter
Rivet Software Dragon Tag
Semansys Composer
Software AG XBRL tools
UBmatrix Automator
PwC
No competing XML standard for business reporting in sight
AICPAAICPA
ICAAICAA
ICAEWICAEW
NIVRANIVRA IDWIDW
KICPAKICPA
JICPAJICPA
ICPASICPAS
CICACICA
FARFARIASBIASB
FASBFASB
ICANZICANZ
KASBKASB
ICAIICAI
CSRCCSRC
SAICASAICA
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
Exchanges
NASDAQNASDAQ
BOVESPABOVESPA
ASXASXJSEJSE
ShenzenShenzen
EuroNextEuroNext KOSDAQKOSDAQ
TokyoTokyo
SGXSGX
LuxLux
Pilot LiveEval
TSX
OBXOBX
LSELSECSECSE
DeutscheBörse
DeutscheBörse
ShanghaiShanghai
Taipei
KSEKSE
SWXSWX
NZSENZSE
PwC
CACA UKUK
IEIE
AUAU
NONO
JPJP
NZNZ
NLNLDEDE
CNCN
Tax Authorities
StudyStudy Committed
Committed
PwC
USUS
UKUK
JPJPESES
SESE
CNCN
ZAZAAUAU
DKDK
Financial Regulators
PilotPilot Committed
Committed
BEBE
NLNL KRKR
TWTW
SGSG
DEDE
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
XFRML
Ancient (Biased) History
Knowledge-based applications for financial domains don’t work until well-structured knowledge about business is easy to obtain
Crosby
Dot Com Boom
XML
1990 1991 1993 19991992 1994 1995 19981996 1997
EdgarScan Structured Retrieval…
WWW
AI Boom and Bust; Golden Age of
Knowledge Representation, etc.
PwC
The business reporting supply-chain
External
Financial
Reporting
BusinessOperations
InternalFinancialReporting
Investment,Lending,
andRegulation
Processes
Participants
AuditorsTradingPartners
Investors
FinancialPublishersand Data
Aggregators
Regulators
Software Vendors
ManagementAccountants
Companies
XBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRL
PwC
Strategic Framework
InternalFinancialReporting
ExternalFinancial
Reporting
InternalBusiness
OperationsReporting
ExternalBusiness
PerformanceReporting
InternalInternalExternalExternal
FinancialFinancial
OperationalOperational
Today:XML Rendering
of existing GAAPReporting Standards
Future:XML supportingStandardized
Business EventVocabularies
Near Future:XML supporting
G/L LevelInformationExchangeStandards
Far Future:XML supporting
Emerging BusinessPerformance
Metrics
PwC
XBRL Specification History
Increasing resources applied
Increasingly thorough
Higher standards
XBRL 1.0
XBRL 2.0
XBRL 2.0a
XFRML TulipXBRL2.1
10/99 6/00 12/01 12/031/0311/02
BostonMtg.
12/00
TampaMtg.
XMLSchema
5/01
ExternalDeadline
on 2.1XML
Linking
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
FRTA1.0
FRIS1.0
LRR1.0
12/04
PwC
XBRL 2.1 Documents
XBRL 2.1Specification2003-12-31Recommendation
XBRL 2.1ConformanceSuitePWD2003-12-31
XBRL 2.1Schemas2003-12-31
FRTA 1.0Candidate Recommendation 12003-12-31
XBRL 2.1 Spec PrimerInternal Working Draft2004-11-14
MustHave
Nice toHave
MustHave
Niceto
Have
Niceto
Have
XBRL 2.1 Instance Standards 1.0 PWD2004-11-14Nice to
Have
Link Role Registry (LRR) 1.0PWD2004-11-14
PwC
Link Role Registry (LRR) 1.0CR12005-01-294
XBRL 2.1 Documents
XBRL 2.1Schemas2003-12-31
XBRL 2.1 Spec PrimerInternal Working Draft2004-11-14
MustHave
Niceto Have
MustHave
Niceto
Have
Niceto
Have
Nice toHave
XBRL 2.1CorrectedErrata
XBRL 2.1 CorrectedErrata
XBRL 2.1 Conformance SuiteCR12005-01-01
FRTA 1.0Candidate Recommendation 52005-01-29
XBRL 2.1 Instance Standards 1.0 PWD2004-11-14
PwC
Extensibility Goals of XBRL as compared to other XML standardsInvoice
• Parties– Identifier– Address
• Line Item– Item
– Identifier– Description
– Quantities– Amounts– Discounts
• Taxes
• Delivery Terms
Depreciation Schedule
• Line Item– Asset name– Asset category*– Value brought forward**– Value limitation*– Period– Acquisition Date– Method*– Amount– Limitation*– Value carried forward**– Etc., etc., etc.
*Meaning varies according to accounting principles appropriate to purpose of information
** Name of otherwise identical concept varies by jurisdiction, not to mention native language
PwC
Data (INSTANCE)
XBRL is the way that it is because business reporting concepts are extensible.
Taxonomy
Concept
Instance
Context
Context
XBRL Fundamentals
Meta Data (TAXONOMIES)
Label and language
Reference
Definition
Presentation Hierarchy
Calculation Hierarchy
Data types, normal balance
Fact
Fact
Fact
Fact
Fact
Concept
Concept
Concept
Unit
Unit
PwC
ER Representation of XBRL
Data
(instance)
Meta Data
(taxonomy)
PwC
XML Linking (XLink)
XLink is a W3C standard way to use XML to represent all kinds of relationships between XML elements no matter where they are.
XML Document 1 XML Document 2
Linkbase
<P id=“a”>
<P id=“b”>
<P id=“c”>
b isLike
c
b explain
s a
PwC
XBRL uses XLink to represent the relationships between concept elements
<element id=“ast.inv”>
<element id=“ast.cur”>
Definition:more
general
<Label>Current Assets</Label>
label
<Label>Inventory</Label>
label
<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>
reference
Presentation:below
<element id=“ast.wip”>
PwC
XLink allows customization and explicit, modular changes to reusable material
<element id=“ast.inv”>
<element id=“ast.cur”>
Definition:more
general
label
label
<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>
reference
Presentation:before
<element id=“ast.wip”>
<Label> </Label>
<Label> </Label>
存货
当前的财产
PwC
ValueReportingTM -- illustrating multidimensional taxonomiesFictitious investment house
Proprietary analysis system
Researching one or more companies
A) preparing an internal briefing document on a company
B) preparing a sales forecast for a particular segment of that company
PwC
Sample applicationsan investment house’s internal briefing document
Generates customised instance document format for investment house – in this case a briefing document for high level information about a company
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – BUSINESS AREAS
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – GEOGRAPHIC
3 months ago
2 months ago
1 month ago
CurrentStrong sellSellHoldBuyStrong buyNumber of brokers recommending:
BROKERS’ RECOMMENDATIONS
Yield
€ millionsMarket cap.
Share price
millionsIssued shares
P/E ratio
%Gearing
€ millionsRevenues
%EPS % GROWTH PEERS
%EPS % GROWTH COMPANY
€EPS20022003CURRENTFORECAST 2004FORECAST 2005UNITGAAP = IFRS
KEY FINANCIALS
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – BUSINESS AREAS
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – GEOGRAPHIC
3 months ago
2 months ago
1 month ago
CurrentStrong sellSellHoldBuyStrong buyNumber of brokers recommending:
BROKERS’ RECOMMENDATIONS
Yield
€ millionsMarket cap.
Share price
millionsIssued shares
P/E ratio
%Gearing
€ millionsRevenues
%EPS % GROWTH PEERS
%EPS % GROWTH COMPANY
€EPS20022003CURRENTFORECAST 2004FORECAST 2005UNITGAAP = IFRS
KEY FINANCIALS
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
PwC
Sample applications investment house’s internal briefing document
Data in instance document automatically generated from company sources.Clearly indicates what is reported.
STRATEGIC DIRECTION Our mission Our mission is to be the soft drinks company of choice and to achieve above average market growth, by focusing on the healthy beverages sector, through growth in our existing businesses and strategic acquisition. We seek to increase the attractiveness and availability of our organic juices to meet our consumers ever demanding needs for a healthy and convenient lifestyle. KEY FINANCIALS
GAAP = IFRS UNIT FORECAST 2005 FORECAST 2004 CURRENT 2003 2002
EPS € 2.28 2.05
EPS % GROWTH
COMPANY
% 11.22% 10.8%
EPS % GROWTH
PEERS
% 28.45 25.6
Revenues € millions 352.2 349.6
Gearing % 3.79% 3.1%
P/E ratio
Issued shares millions 12.5 12.5
Share price 40.15 41.45
Market cap. € millions 501.9 518.1
Yield
BROKERS’ RECOMMENDATIONS
Number of brokers recommending: Strong buy Buy Hold Sell Strong sell
Current
1 month ago
2 months ago
3 months ago
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – GEOGRAPHIC
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – BUSINESS AREAS
Segm ental revenue by business area 2003
24%
26%
50%
Organic Juices
Bottled Water
Health Drinks
Segmental revenue by business area 2002
23%
29%
48%Organic Juices
Bottled Water
Health Drinks
PwC
Sample applications investment house’s internal briefing document
Data sourced from company documents (annual report etc)
Data sourced from analyst reports, industry sources, etc
Data in instance document automatically generated from analyst sources.
STRATEGIC DIRECTION Our mission Our mission is to be the soft drinks company of choice and to achieve above average market growth, by focusing on the healthy beverages sector, through growth in our existing businesses and strategic acquisition. We seek to increase the attractiveness and availability of our organic juices to meet our consumers ever demanding needs for a healthy and convenient lifestyle. KEY FINANCIALS
GAAP = IFRS UNIT FORECAST 2005 FORECAST 2004 CURRENT 2003 2002
EPS € 2.61 2.35 2.28 2.05
EPS % GROWTH
COMPANY
% 11.1% 2.6% 11.22% 10.8%
EPS % GROWTH
PEERS
% 25.5 30.12 28.45 25.6
Revenues € millions 387.8 363.2 352.2 349.6
Gearing % 3.79% 3.1%
P/E ratio
Issued shares millions 12.5 12.5
Share price 40.15 41.45
Market cap. € millions 501.9 518.1
Yield
BROKERS’ RECOMMENDATIONS
Number of brokers recommending: Strong buy Buy Hold Sell Strong sell
Current 5 8 10 3 2
1 month ago 5 7 11 3 2
2 months ago 4 6 12 3 2
3 months ago 3 7 12 5 2
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – GEOGRAPHIC
SEGMENTAL REVENUES – BUSINESS AREAS
Segm ental revenue by business area 2003
24%
26%
50%
Organic Juices
Bottled Water
Health Drinks
Segmental revenue by business area 2002
23%
29%
48%Organic Juices
Bottled Water
Health Drinks
PwC
Sample applicationsinvestor’s revenues forecast for a company
Instance document generated of third step in revenues forecast process – historical revenue data for particular region by distribution channel
Investment user then inputs assumptions about the future growth of revenues and could be prompted to consider issues such as upcoming product launches.
HOLMES WATSON INVESTMENTS - BEVERAGES SECTOR
HISTORIC - ORGANIC JUICES GERMANY
Distribution channel Revenues Revenues Growth2002 2003 2002-2003
€m €m €m
Gyms/Leisure clubs 13.2 13.4 1.5%Health food shops 27.5 28.3 2.9%Convenience stores 2.25 9.4 317.8%
Organic Juices Germany 42.95 51.1 19.0%
Input forecast assumptions
Gyms/Leisure clubs -10% each yearHealth food shops +10% each yearConvenience stores +20% each yearOther flat
PwC
ValueReportingLeveraging XBRL taxonomies
Shared taxonomies, used by both company and investor (producer and consumer)
Non-GAAP data (broker recommendations)
Single instance, multiple renderings
Multidimensional information hierarchies
PwC
Multidimensional Reporting Taxonomies
Geography
• Common definitions
PwC
Multidimensional Reporting Taxonomies
Geography
• Common definitions
Industry
• PwC Categories
PwC
Multidimensional Reporting TaxonomiesGeography
• Common definitions
Industry
• PwC Categories
Segment
• Company specific
PwC
Sample Fact and Context(dimension member in a segment, not tuple)
<ifrs-gp:RevenueByFunction decimals="-3" contextRef="organic02p" unitRef="eur">81650000</ifrs-gp:RevenueByFunction>
<context id="organicjuices02p"> <entity> <identifier scheme="dns:domain">knz.com</identifier> <segment> <dim:member>knz-prd:OrganicJuices</dim:member> </segment> </entity> <period> <startDate>2002-01-01</startDate> <endDate>2002-12-31</endDate> </period></context>
PwC
Sample Fact and Context(segmental and geographic dimensions)
<ifrs-gp:RevenueByFunction decimals="-3" contextRef="organicjuicesgermany02p" unitRef="eur">3220000</ifrs-gp:RevenueByFunction>
<context id="organicjuicesgermany02p"> <entity> <identifier scheme="dns:domain">knz.com</identifier> <segment> <dim:member>knz-prd:OrganicJuices</dim:member> <dim:member>geo:Germany</dim:member> </segment> </entity> <period> <startDate>2002-01-01</startDate> <endDate>2002-12-31</endDate> </period></context>
PwC
<link:schemaRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="hwi.xsd"/> <baf:StrategicDirection contextRef="knz03p">Our mission is to be the soft drinks company of choice and to achieve above average market growth, by focusing on the healthy beverages sector, through growth in our existing businesses and strategic acquisition. We seek to increase the attractiveness and availability of our organic juices to meet our consumers ever demanding needs for a healthy and convenient lifestyle.</baf:StrategicDirection> <ifrs-gp:BasicEarningsLossPerShare decimals="2" contextRef="knz03p" unitRef="eurPerShr">2.28</ifrs-gp:BasicEarningsLossPerShare> <ifrs-gp:BasicEarningsLossPerShare decimals="2" contextRef="knz02p" unitRef="eurPerShr">2.05</ifrs-gp:BasicEarningsLossPerShare> <hwi:EPSgrowth decimals="4" contextRef="knz03p" unitRef="pure">.1122</hwi:EPSgrowth> <hwi:EPSgrowth decimals="3" contextRef="knz02p" unitRef="pure">.108</hwi:EPSgrowth> <hwi:EPSgrowthPeers decimals="4" contextRef="knz03p" unitRef="pure">.2845</hwi:EPSgrowthPeers> <hwi:EPSgrowthPeers decimals="3" contextRef="knz02p" unitRef="pure">.256</hwi:EPSgrowthPeers> <ifrs-gp:RevenueTotalByNature decimals="-5" contextRef="knz03p" unitRef="eur">352200000</ifrs-gp:RevenueTotalByNature> <ifrs-gp:RevenueTotalByNature decimals="-5" contextRef="knz02p" unitRef="eur">349600000</ifrs-gp:RevenueTotalByNature> <hwi:Gearing decimals="4" contextRef="knz03e" unitRef="pure">.0379</hwi:Gearing> <hwi:Gearing decimals="3" contextRef="knz02e" unitRef="pure">.031</hwi:Gearing>
PwC
Taxonomies in PlayXBRL Int IASB PwC (KNZ) (HWI)
Dimensions
Geography
IFRS-GP
ValueReportingBAF
KNZProducts
KNZ
HolmesWatson
HWI
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
Industry
import
PwC
BAF (PwC)
HWI (Analyst)
IFRS
HWI (Analyst)
IFRS
HWI (Analyst)
IFRS
PwC
KNZ (Company)
HWI
HWI
PwC
Microsoft 2Q FY05 Financials
GAAP-CI
FIN
CHN
…
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
Information Value and Cost
Value = Reduction of uncertainty times $$$ at risk
Cost = Produce + Structure + Distribute + Consume
• The XBRL return on investment (ROI) is that it puts information in the hands of users at lower costs (both production and consumption)
PwC
Benefits of XBRL for Preparers
Lower cost of producing information
More timely, accurate, data for decisions
Enhanced analytical capabilities
Better control environment
Tell your own story (precise & clear)
Accelerate adoption of reporting models
Enhanced functionality
Ease of use
PwC
Benefits of XBRL for Consumers
Lower cost of consuming information
Faster access to information
More timely, accurate, data for decisions
Enhanced analytical capabilities
Enhanced functionality
More useful access to information
Ease of access to definitions enhance comparability
Facilitates language translations
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Consolidated Profit and Loss Account for the year ended September 30, 2001
Blah blah blah
Blah blah blah blah
Blah blah blah
Blah blah blah blah blah
Profit 925 448
Blah blah blah
Earnings per share 30.6 11.0
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
XBRL in a large enterprise
External
Financial
Reporting
Supplier and
Customer Financial Reporting
InternalFinanci
alReporti
ng
Markets and
Regulators
Portfolio Financial
s
Portfolio Financial
s
Counterparty
Financials
Counterparty
Financials
Tax Filing
s
Tax Filing
s
Reg. Repor
ts
Reg. Repor
ts
Joint Venture Financia
ls
Joint Venture Financia
ls
Management
Reports
Management
Reports
Divisional
Financials
Divisional
Financials
Business Unit
Financials
Business Unit
Financials
Credit Assessment
Partnership
Financials
Partnership
Financials
Debtor Financial
s
Debtor Financial
s
Annual and
Quarterly
Financials
Annual and
Quarterly
Financials
PwC
XBRL in a large enterprise
Management
Reports
Management
Reports
Portfolio Financial
s
Portfolio Financial
s
External
Reporting
Supplier and
Customer Financial Reporting
InternalReporti
ng
Markets and
Regulators
Credit Assessment
Counterparty
Financials
Counterparty
Financials
Tax Filing
s
Tax Filing
s
Joint Venture Financia
ls
Joint Venture Financia
ls
Partnership
Financials
Partnership
Financials
Call Repor
ts
Call Repor
ts
Divisional
Financials
Divisional
Financials
Debtor Financial
s
Debtor Financial
s
Business Unit
Financials
Business Unit
Financials
XBRLXBRL XBRLXBRL XBRLXBRL XBRLXBRL
GroupAnnual
and Quarterl
y Financial
s
GroupAnnual
and Quarterl
y Financial
s
PwC
Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
PwC
PwC
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Home Worksheet
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Web Service Data
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Local/Web Service Data
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Manage Columns
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Charts/Graphs
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Financial Comparison
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Ratios
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MetaPraxis’ Empower 2000
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MetaPraxis’ EmPower 2000Variance Analysis
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MetaPraxis’ EmPower 2000Profit Bridge
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MetaPraxis’ EmPower 2000Profit driver analysis
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Topics
Standards-based Reporting with XBRL
• XBRL enabled software in the market
• XBRL implementations worldwide
• XBRL technology revealed
Value propositions
• Enterprises of all types
• Investors and analysts
• Regulators and government agencies
PwC
E-filing cost reduction at the US FFIEC
Today
8900 Banks
FDIC OCC FRB OTS NCUA
Future
8900 Banks
FDIC OCC FRB OTS NCUA
FFIEC
PwC
Data is SharedDeposit
Insurance--- Statistics ----- Comptroller --
Data is SharedDeposit
Insurance--- Statistics ----- Comptroller --
Typical XBRL Regulator Use
Bank Performance Data
Meta DataQuarterly
ReportXBRL Document
Reporting Institution Software
•Import Schedule•Enter Data•Validate Data•Send Data
XBRLTaxonom
y Software•Create
•Update•Debug
Schedule or Form
XBRL Taxonomy•Item Types•Labels, Definitions, etc.
•Instructions
XBRL Rule Base
XBRL Version Management
•Validations, Quality tests•Value-added Calculations
•Taxonomy changes•Rule changes
SoftwareCan be any
vendor product, or provided by
regulator
SoftwareCan be any
vendor product, or provided by
regulator
Result:AdaptabilityEfficiency
Faster cycle times
Result:AdaptabilityEfficiency
Faster cycle times
Reporting Institution Regulator
SoftwareToday four different
vendors with interoperabl
e tools
SoftwareToday four different
vendors with interoperabl
e tools
PwC
The Integrated Regulatory Return… will combine all of the data we request from firms into one return, helping us monitor them more effectively and reducing costs for firms and us.
…we have decided to use the Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to collect, validate and distribute the data in the Integrated Regulatory Return.
Fromhttp://www.fsa.uk.gov/regulatory_reporting
PwC
[T]he time is ripe for regulators to
(i) examine, together with the banking industry if -and to what extent- they wish to promote the use of XBRL to cooperate across borders and
(ii)take advantage of such an opportunity to re-assess not just the broad principles associated with regulation but also the specific definitions of regulatory reporting concepts.
Fromhttp://www.fbe.be/pdf/postFSAPfinal.pdf
PwCPwC*connectedthinking
Extensible Business Reporting Language
(XBRL) Update
Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Executive Committee, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers