Photovoltaic (PV) To Guard House

Prepared forAnanda L Ponniah

English Lecturer For Report Writing (BEL422)

Academy Of Language StudiesUiTM, Shah Alam

Mohamed Syukri Mohamed 2011504537Muhd Hussaini Bin Che Hashim 2011727477Mohd Jamil Abdullah 2011132445Mohd Rohaizad Zainal Abidin 2011796889

Prepared by

Contains Of Presentation

To investigate and implement a new Photovoltaic energy supply system to a guard house.

To reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and coal in electricity generation will contributes to the emission of greenhouse gasses especially CO2.

To evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of operating such systems in a selected typical standalone guard house environment using a proposed dual tariff electricity billing system.

Solar (Solar radiation)-Photovoltaic energy comes from the sun’s rays that reach the Earth. This energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity after through to the system

Photovoltaic- PV devices that change sunlight directly into electricity.

Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic cells are non-linear devices, where the current and voltage characteristics depend mainly of the solar irradiation . Studies shows that, 57% of the total costs refer to the solar panels and 30% to the battery systems.  Performance of PV also depends on many factors such as solar irradiance, PV temperature and the tilted angle from the sunlight and needs considerations. Energy studies by researchers have mainly used manual means of logging data resulting with possible inaccuracies.

What Is Energy Sources?

There are two types of energy sources. First is Non-Renewable Energy Sources and second is Renewable Energy Sources. Non-Renewable Energy Sources will considered if the sources cannot be replenished (made again) in a short period of time such as fossil fuel, coal, natural gas and nuclear. On the other hand, Renewable Energy Sources will considered if the sources can be replenished naturally such as solar, biomass, wind, geothermal and hydropower.

Consumption Energy Usage Sector In Malaysia

NO. SECTOR SALES OF ELECTRICITY(GWh)

PERCENTAGE(%)

1 Industrial 40,233 43.4

2 Commercial 31,435 33.9

3 Residential 19,584 21.1

4 Public Lighting 1208 1.3

5 Agriculture 243 0.3

TOTAL 92,753 100.00

Table 1, shows the consumption of energy sector usage in Malaysia was rised rapidly, increasing at an average rate of 5% in the 1980s and 12% in 2009.

What Is The Main Energy Sources For Electricity Use In Malaysia?

Mostly, Malaysia energy sources for electricity which is based on a non-renewable energy called “four-fuel mix” that comes from natural gas, oil, hydro and coal. By 2010, it is estimated that natural gas and coal contribute 92% of the sources of electricity generation whilst hydro contribute 7% and oil 1%.

Study of PV system will be carried out on a 24 hour air-conditioning guard house application such as the guard-house. The system could be used for outdoor applications in un-electrified remote rural areas. The system will be provided with battery storage backup to regulate deficiencies in unreliable solar energy. During the day time, the solar energy collected by the PV will be used to operate air-conditioning and lighting system during daytime, some stored energy during transitions and uses normal electricity during night-time and some emergency lighting powered by the battery for overall optimization.

Photovoltaic (PV) to Guard House setup

Solar cells are composed of various semiconducting materials. Semiconductors are materials, which become electrically conductive when supplied with light or heat, but which operate as insulators at low temperatures. Over 95% of all the solar cells produced worldwide are composed of the semiconductor material Silicon (Si). As the second most abundant element in earth`s crust, silicon has the advantage, of being available in sufficient quantities, and additionally processing the material does not burden the environment. To produce a solar cell, the semiconductor is contaminated or "doped". "Doping" is the intentional introduction of chemical elements, with which one can obtain a surplus of either positive charge carriers (p-conducting semiconductor layer) or negative charge carriers (n-conducting semiconductor layer) from the semiconductor material. If two differently contaminated semiconductor layers are combined, then a so-called p-n-junction results on the boundary of the layers.

How Does a Solar Cell Work?

Charge ControllerData Logger

Battery Bank

INVERTER

LOAD

Photo Voltaic Cells

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Wireless Communication

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Fossil Fuel / Coal

The consumption of fossil fuel in electricity generation will contributes to the emission of greenhouse gasses especially CO2. The emission of greenhouse gases cause of global warming and climate change. Secondly, the price of crude oil has risen from a low as US$2 per barrel to as high as US$126 (as at 4th June 2008. The present system cannot be maintained for more than two years

The coal or the crude oil is burned in a furnace. The furnace heats water in a boiler. This generates super heated steam that turns turbines. The steam is then cooled in cooling towers and condensed back into water to be returned to the boiler, reducing heat loss as much as possible. Some steam has to be released in the cooling process; that’s the source of those big white clouds coming out of the power station cooling towers. Here’s a picture of the process:The exhaust gases are also used to heat the boiler chamber before being released via the chimney stack. This is where the environmental nastiest such as CO2, NO, SO2 and ash, called fly ash, are released into the air.

Crude Oil and Commodity PricesJune, Tuesday 5 2012 - 11:58:03

Dual Tariff

Dual-tariff PV energy system was introduced to maneuver the lower tariff rate at off-peak period and to reduce the capital installation cost of PV energy system.

Dual tariff system Dual-tariff solar PV system generating electricity is

constructed on a guard house. Operates for 12 hours using a load of 13.3831 kW/ day. During on-peak demand from 7.00 am until 6.59 pm. Which consists of air-conditioning and lightning system. During off-peak demand. TNB supplies for the night

time which defined as 7.00 pm until 6.59 am.

AC Load Sizing Worksheet (Based On IPS)

Appliance Quantity Watts (W) AC Power (Watt) Hrs W-hrs

Fluorescent Fittings (36W) 2 36 72 4 288

Fluorescent Fittings (18W) 4 18 72 4 288

Air Conditioner 1 900 900 12 10800

      1044   11376

Total Power Of AC 1044 Watt

Total AC Energy Used 11376 Watt-Hrs

Total Energy Per Day 13383.52941 Watt-Hrs

The Rated power of Inverter is 1044

the change over circuit plays a role by connecting the load to the PV system during on-peak and change to grid TNB in the off-peak.

The solar PV system and TNB.

Dual-tariff and change over system

The design of dual-tariff PV system in a guard house

CONCLUSION

This PV Solar System for the guard house can be developed as the first research center. May researches can be initiate from this project. As we know, it provides the perfect solution for generating electrical power. Grid-tie solar power systems use solar panels to generate electricity which is then routed to the main power grid saving our money. Solar Panel is a great way to harness the energy of the sun to power all of we needs