Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010

ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for

future networks and services

Dr. Bamba Gueye Joint work with Ibrahima Niang and Bassirou Kasse

University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakarbamba.gueye@ucad.edu.sn

http://edmi.ucad.sn/~gueye

GEOHYBRID: A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH FOR ACCURATE AND

SCALABLE GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION

Motivations

New class of location-aware applicationsWeb services: targeted advertising, locating cyber-criminality, restricted content delivery Location-based security check

Geographic information of the Internet routes

Analyze the geographic behavior of network routing, internet topology mapping

Optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2

Problem statement

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 3

AS1 AS2AS3

IP-location mapping: Given the IP address of an Internet host, can we estimate its geographic location?

How to locate Internet host ?

Passive measurements approachUse databases and exhaustive tabulation

Ex: GeoBytes, GeoURL, GeoIP

Active measurements approachRound-trip time-based or/and Traceroute-based

Ex: GeoPing, CBG, GeoBuD, GeoTrack, SarangWorld project

Hybrid approachEx: GeoHybrid

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4

Passive measurements approach

DNS-basedIncorporating location information in DNS records

RFC 1876

Whois-based approachUse location information recorded in the Whois database

141.152.24.9: where am I? Response = the location of the ISP Verizon (141.149.0.0/13), Reston, VA

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 5

Drawbacks

Information recorded in Whois database may be inaccurate or stale

Large ISPs advertise only aggregate prefix for reasons of scalability

Single prefix with multiple locations [Feamster et al. IMC05, Gueye et al. PAM08]

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 6

Active measurement approach

DNS-based approach

Observation:Recognizable host: geographically meaningful names

Ex: bcr1-so-2-0-0.Paris.cw.net

Use the reports of “traceroute”

Location of a target host = location of the last recognizable router on the path

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 7

DNS-based approach drawbacks

No rules for naming the routers [Rexford et al. USENIX06]

charlotte.ucsd.edu – San Diego, CA (not Charlotte, NC)

dnverng-kscyng.abilene.ucaid.edu – Denver, CO (not Kansas, KS)

The last recognizable router can be located far

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 8

Active measurements approach

GeoPing-like [Padmanabhan et al. SIGCOMM01]

The number of possible locations of a given host is equal to the number of landmarks (discrete space of answers)

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 9

CBG: A continuous response space via multilateration

Multilateration [Gueye et al. ToN06]

Estimates position using distance estimates from some fixed pointsSimilar to GPS

Active measurementsFrom a set of landmarks to a target hostSelect minimum RTT Transformation of RTT measurements into distance

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 10

Constraint-Based Geolocation (CBG) : locating Internet host

Multilateration using distance constraints

Distance constraints are overestimatedAssigns confidence region to each location estimate

IntersectionEstimated location of target hostConfidence region

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 11

P1

P2

P3

d2

d3

d1

d2 + d’2

d3 + d’3 d1 + d’1

Contributions

GeoHybridCombination of active and passive measurementsReduce the number of measurements injected in the network

Geolocation service for grid computing middleware

Useful for the optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 12

GeoHybrid: A comprehensive technique for geolocalization

GeoHybrid is based on: active measurements

CBG approachpassive measurements

Database with exhaustive tabulation

Heuristic implementedFind the nearest set of landmarks for a given target host

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 13

Geolocationqueries

Database(IP to location

mappings)

Server

Scripts for handlings active measurements

Geolocationanswers

Experimental setup

74 PlanetLab nodes as landmarks

127 hosts (AMP and RIPE nodes) as targets

GeoIP’s database [MaxMind LLC]

1,876,596 blocks of IP addresses

Each block has its own geographic location such as country, region, city or latitude/longitude

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 14

Results

Random approach: 30 samples for each landmarks

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15

Heuristic approach

Median error: 175 km

Random approach

Median error: 400 km

Summary of GeoHybrid

GeoHybrid reduces:

Number of measurements

Response time

A set of 20 nearest landmarks are sufficient to locate Internet hosts

Exhaustive tabulation is difficult to manage and keep updated

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 16

Geolocation-based Grid Optimizer

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 17

Conclusions

GeoHybrid allows to reduce the number of measurementsThe proposed measurement middleware service brings benefits for the area of grid computing

Mitigates the amount of traffic exchanged across the grid

We plan to implement this middleware in the Research Education Network of Senegal

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 18