pumps power points for presentation mopco
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction:
A pump is a device used to move liquids. A pump moves liquids from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system
تفعالمرهى عبارة عن مضخة تستخدم فى تحريك السائل من منطقة الضغط المنخفض الى منطقة الضغط
.النظام على فرق الضغط عن طريق زيادة طاقة الحركة فى وتتغلب .
Pump in system
Low level high level
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Low Pressure
high Pressure
Pump in system
Pressure gauge
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Pump typesPumps can be classified on various bases. Pumps based on their principle of operation are primarily classified.
Pumps
Positive displacement
Rotary pumps reciprocating
Roto-dynamic pumps
centrifugal pumps
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1)- Roto-dynamic pumps (centrifugal pumps)1.1)-Working Mechanism of a Centrifugal Pump.A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process Plant. Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover (a electric motor or turbine) first into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped.
الى طاقة حركية ( a electric motor or turbine)تقوم بتحويل الطاقة الناتجة من المحرك االساسى
(kinetic energy ) عن طريق زيادة السرعة وبالتالى تتحول الى طاقة ضغط تقوم بضغط السائل.
Liquid flow path inside a centrifugal pump
Impeller
Flow direction اتجاه السائل
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1.2) - General Components of Centrifugal Pumps. :A centrifugal pump has two main components
I. A rotating component comprised of an impeller and a shaft
II. A stationary component comprised of a casing, casing cover, and bearings
-:المكونات األساسية للطلمبة
تنقسم الى مكونات متحركة ومكونات ثابتة
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General components of a Centrifugal Pump
impeller Shaft bearing
Casing Mechanical seal
Suctionnozzle
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1.2.1)-Rotating Components in Pump
1)-Impeller.The impeller of the centrifugal pump converts the mechanical rotation to the velocity of
the liquid. The impeller acts as the spinning wheel in the pump.
يعمل على تحويل الحركة الميكانيكية الناتجة من المحرك االساسى الى زيادة سرعة للسائل
They are often classified in many ways
Based on mechanical construction.
There are three types of construction seen in an impeller. These are based on the presence or absence of the impeller covers and shrouds.
1. Closed 2. Semi-open 3. open
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Impeller
Types
Closed impeller
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Semi open impeller Open impeller
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Based on major direction of flow outlet from impeller in reference to the axis of rotation
• Radial flow
الدورانيكون اتجاه خروج السائل عمودى على محور
( اتجاه دخول السائل)
• Axial flow
يكون اتجاه خروج السائل موازى لمحور الدوران
السائل ولدخول
inlet
outlet
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• Mixed flow
Mixed flow impeller and propeller vanes mixed flow type impeller
1.2)- Based on suction type.
• Single-suction: Liquid inlet on one side.من اتجاه واحد ( سحب الطلمبة )دخول السائل
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Double-suction: Liquid inlet to the impeller symmetrically from both sides
دخول السائل من اتجاهين
Pump with double suction impeller
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Double suction pump Solution pump
Suction eyes of impeller
impeller
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2)Pump casing
Casings are generally of two types: volute and circular. The impellers are fitted
inside the casings
A volute:
is a curved funnel increasing in area to the discharge port as shown. As the area of the
cross-section increases, the volute reduces the speed of the liquid and increases the
pressure of the liquid.
طالضغيزيد مساحته عند طرد الطلمبة لتقل السرعة ويزيد ( impellerمساراو مبيت لل )هو عبارة عن وعاء
(الغرض من ذلك التصميم )
Pump Casing
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Circular casing (Split casing)
• Horizontal Split Case Feed Pump
تتكون من جزئين جزء سفلى واخر علوى يتم تجميعهم معا •
Upper casing
lower casing
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3)-Wearing rings
The impeller is a rotating component and it is housed within the pump casing. To prevent
frictional contact, a gap between these two parts is essential
البد من وجود خلوص بسيط جدا ( impeller and casing)يوضع بين الجزء المتحرك والجزء الثابت فى الطلمبه
ة حتى ال يحدث احتكاك وتاكل لهما وعند زيادة هذا الخلوص تقل كفاءه الطلمب( impeller and casing)بين
النهما مصنوعتن من مواد ( impeller and casing)ولذلك يجب المحافظه على تلك الخلوص والمحافظه على
wear ringخاصة لذلك يوضع
Wear ring different type Location of wear ring
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4)-Shaft
The pump rotor assembly consists of the shaft, impeller, sleeves, seals (rotatingElement), bearings or bearing surfaces, and coupling halves. The shaft, however, is the Key element of the rotor. The basic purpose of a centrifugal pump shaft is to
transmit the torque.
( .motor)يعتبر العمود هو المحرك االساسى للطلمبة حيث انه يقوم بنقل العزم من المحرك االساسى
Shaft
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5) Stuffing boxes.
The stuffing box is a chamber or a housing that serves to seal the shaft where it passesThrough the pump casing. and we can used Packing ring or Mechanical seal depending on application.
السائلتسريب تساعد على منع casingهو عبارة عن حجرة بين العمود
Stuffing box Bearing house
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6)-Bearing support
This is based on the location of the bearings supporting the rotor. If the rotor is
supported in the form of a cantilever ,it is called as an Overhung type of
pump. When the impellers on the rotor are supported with bearings on either side, the pump is called as an in-between bearings pump.
rotorبالنسبة لوجود ال bearingيعتمد تلك التصنيف على حسب وجود
Overhung In between bearing pump
Bearing Bearing
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7)- Pump support
This refers to how the pump is supported on the base frame. It could be a center-line
Support(fig. a) or foot-mounted support (fig. b)
لتوضيح نوعية تثبيت الطلمبة بقواعدها
Module pump support
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CENTRIFUGAL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
DIAPHRAGM
Pumps Classification
ROTARY
GEAR
VANE
LOBE
SCREW
OTHERS
RECIPROCATING
PISTON
PLUNGER
OTHERS
JET
LIQUID RING
ENERGY
EXCHANGE
MANY TYPES
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2)-Positive displacement
Positive displacement
RECIPROCATING
PISTON PLUNGER
ROTARY
GEAR
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1)Reciprocating pump.
• In this type of pump action is produced by the (reciprocating) movement of piston or plunger with in a cylinder.
داخل االسطوانة plungerفى هذا النوع من الطلمبات تعتمد على الحركة الترددية للمكبس او
• The liquid is being pumped is drawn into the cylinder through one or more suction valves and then forced out through one or more discharge valves by direct contact with the piston or plunger
تعتمد فكرة العمل على انه فى مراحلة السحب يكون بلف السحب مفتوح والطرد مغلق فيملىء االسطوانة
لف الداخليه وفى مراحلة الضغط يتحرك المكبس داخل االسطوانة و يغلق بلف السحب ويبدأ الضغط ثم يفتح ب
الطرد
The plunger reciprocates inside the stationary packing gland , the packing gland
prevents leakage from cylinder.
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General Components of Plunger Pump
Plunger
Plunger
Suction valve
Discharge valve
Hydraulic cylinder
Packing ring
Cylinder head
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Components of suction and discharge valve
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Cylinder head
discharge
Suction
Plunger
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Piston pump
ة ويعمل يدخل السائل االسطوانة عن طريق بلف السحب اثناء حركة المكبس الخلفي
طرد هذا البلف كمحبس عدم رجوع حيث انه اثناء الضغط يغلق ويفتح محبس ال
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Rotary pump (Gear Pump)
Gear pumps belong to a positive displacement rotary group, and are made by
enclosing two or more gears in a close-fitting housing. A driver turns a shaft connected to one of the gears, causing it to rotate This gear drives the other gear through the meshing of the teeth of the two gears.
ل بين تتكون من تروس احداهما متصل باامحرك االساسى وعند تحريكة يحدث تعشيق للتروس ويمرو السائ
casingأسنان الترس و
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There are two basic types of gear pumps 1)-External 2)- Internal
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Main Types Pumps
HIGH LOWV. HIGH
NO NOYES
LOW HIGH V. HIGH
YES NO NO
Pressure P
Flow Rate Q
S .R .V
Efficiency
Maint. cost
Pulsation
Positive D.P. Centrifugal Axial Flow
V. HIGH LOW LOW
HIGH MEDIUM V. HIGH