POLIO IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME IN INDIA

By Bhagya Vijayan

PALB:3120 Dept:of Agril.Extension

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Immunisationcampaign - by the GO I in 1995-96

To eradicate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of 5 yr

Large scale immunisation programme, co-operating with various international institutions, state governments and Non Governmental Organisations.

vaccination against Polio started in 1978 with Expanded Program in Immunisation (EPI).

1984- was successful in covering around 40% of all infants, giving 3 doses of OPV

1985, the Universal Immunisation Program (UIP) was launched to cover all the districts of the country.

UIP became a part of child safe and survical motherland program (CSSM) in 1992 and Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCH) in 1997(coverage 95%).

1995, following the Polio Eradication Initiative of World Health Organization (1988), India launched Pulse Polio Immunisation Program along with Universal Immunisation Program which aimed at 100% coverage.

2012, India was declared free of polio by WHO.

A peep into the history................

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Status of the nation in 2004• 83% of all new polio cases were found in india

Source: WHO

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• Types of polio vaccineTwo main types A killed vaccine given by injection• SalkVaccine / InactivatedPolio Vaccine (IPV) A live attenuated vaccine• given orallySabin Vaccine /Oral PolioVaccine (OPV)

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Last Reported Polio Cases

Polio Virus Type Date of last case Location

P1 13 January 2011 Howrah (Panchla), WB

P2 24 October 1999 Aligarh, UP

P3 22 October 2010 Pakur , Jharkhand

Source: WHO

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STEPS INVOLVED

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S t e p s t a ke n b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t t o a c h i e v e t a r g e t o f p o l i o e r a d i c a ti o n

•All States and Union Territories - developed a Rapid Response Team (RRT)

• An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) :

• Special booths established in areas bordering neighbouring countries

• High level of vigilance through surveillance across the country

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•A rolling emergency stock of OPV is being maintained • An expert sub-group will be established to discuss issues related to OPV•Government of India has identified 107 High risk blocks •Migratory populations are identified

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Number of Pol io Cases by States, 2006-2012

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State/UT's 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source:Ministry Of Health and Family Welfare

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• Last polio case in the country :Howrah district of West Bengal with date of onset 13th January 2011.

• Thereafter no polio case has

been reported in the country (25th May 2012).• WHO on 24th February 2012 removed India from the list of countries with active endemic wild polio virus transmission.

•24 lakh vaccinators and 1.5 lakh supervisors involved in thesuccessful implementation of the Pulse Polio Programme.

PROGRESS

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• Key Architects• Ministry of Health and

Family Welfare, Government of India (MOHFW)

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Implementers/ Stakeholders State Governments and Union Territories' Administrations in IndiaUnited Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Rotary InternationalThe World Bank The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)The Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)The Department for International Development (DfID, UK) Voluntary Agencies, Volunteers, Anganawadi Workers, Health Workers The beneficiary children and their parents

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THANK YOU