pulse improvement: chickpea and field pea
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea
W. Erskine & T.N. Khan
CLIMA/DAFWA
![Page 2: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Content
• Pulse (Field Pea & Chickpea) importance
• Chickpea – Breeding aims
– Current approaches – Future
• Field Pea– Breeding aims– Current approaches – Future
![Page 3: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Value to Human and Soil Health
• Dietary health– Protein content: pea (26%) chickpea (23%)
–Vitamins and minerals
• Role in cereal‐dominated cropping system–Roots colonized by nitrogen‐fixing Rhizobia
–Disease and weed break
![Page 4: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pulse area and production in WA
0
20
40
60
80
19801982
19841986
19881990
19921994
19961998
20002002
2004
Are
a ('
000
ha)
Chickpea
Field pea Faba bean
LentilAlbus lupin
![Page 5: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Field Pea and Chickpea Area & Production
FP ChArea (1000 ha in 2007)
Australia 293 306WA 50 0.8
Production (1000 MT in 2007)Australia 313 466WA 55 0.2
![Page 6: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Goal: Integrated Gene Management
Consistency & profitability, and, hence, sustainability of cereal‐legume systems in a drying, variable climate with escalating input costs
![Page 7: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)2n=2x=16Self‐pollinatingProgenitor: C. reticulatumin SE Turkey
![Page 8: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chickpea Importance
• Third most important pulse after Phaseolusbean and pea
• Global production 2006 = 8.2 m t
• South Asia followed by Mediterranean region
• India = Largest producer & importer
• Australia = 10th largest Ch producer
• Average yield (global) = 772 kg/ha
• Australian yields = 1553 kg/ha
![Page 9: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chickpea Seed Types
Kabuli Desi
![Page 10: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Major breeding objectives
Improved yield potential and stabilityWater productivity = more crop per drop
Improved Ascochyta blight resistanceTolerance to herbicideMaintained disease/pest resistance:
PRR, PB, RLN, BGM and virusImproved tolerance to chillingTolerance to high soil boron and salinityAppropriate phenology for regional environmentsPod shatter resistance
![Page 11: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chickpea Chickpea AscochytaAscochyta blightblight
![Page 12: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Breeding Methods: Chickpea
• Bulk‐pedigree
• Single seed descent
• Backcross
• Pollen selection
• Hybrids: male sterility
• Marker‐assisted selection
• Genetic transformation
![Page 13: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Integrated Chickpea Gene Map
Millan et al. 2006
![Page 14: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Agronomy
Phenology
Lodging
Height
Pod drop
![Page 15: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lack of diversity in cultivated chickpea
• Bottlenecks in evolution– Few polymorphisms ‐ Gene mapping slow
• Need sources of – Water Productivity
– Drought‐avoidance traits (residual moisture)
– Res. to AB, PB & BGM– Herbicide tolerance
• Sources– Land races & wild species
– Mutation breeding– Genetic transformation
![Page 16: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Recent Advances
• Novel genetic variation identified for: – Salinity and Boron tolerance
• Ascochyta Blight resistance– Parental material with partial resistance
– STMS Markers for QTLs for partial resistance
• Doubled haploids
![Page 17: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Accelerated Improvement of Desi Chickpea: An International Alliance of UWA/DAFWA/ICRISAT/COGGO
• Elements
– Germplasm resources, infrastructure and expertise of ICRISAT joins hands with the DAFWA resources and scientific input from CLIMA
– Pre breeding based at ICRISAT with evaluation and development in WA
– Fast tracking: 3 generations in India, summer growing in WA and use of high multiplication site, Kununurra
– Synergy; development of cold tolerant germplasm at CLIMA
– Expanding network: Punjab Agric University, Ludhiana joins hands to enhance selection for WA conditions
![Page 18: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Accelerated Improvement of Desi Chickpea: An International Alliance of UWA/DAFWA/ICRISAT/COGGO
• Output (3 years)
– 2000 fixed lines with ascochyta resistance already in WA for evaluation with over 3000 new lines being evaluated in India
– F4 segregating generation developed through pollen selection for chilling tolerance in field for single plant selection
– Potential releases in demo trial in 2008 and plans to enter
• Excellence– Communication: Within WA and International
– Industry participation: COGGO input at all levels– Linkage with CLIMA based research and development of new
projects
![Page 19: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Future: Integrated Gene Management• Yield and Water productivity:
– Broaden genetic base with crossable wild relatives with Adv. backross QTL
• AB: QTLs tagged with STMS markers– MAS for QTLs & Wide crossing with wild + bridge sp.
• Herbicide tolerance: Mutation breeding & GM• Salinity and soil boron toxicity:
– Classical
• Chilling tolerance: – Pollen selection; ?MAS, + wide crossing
• Pod borer: Wide crossing with wild + bridge sp.; & GM
![Page 20: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Field Pea Pisum sativum L.2n=2x=14Self-pollinating
![Page 21: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Field Pea: Importance
• Global production 2006 = 10.6 million MT
• 25% pea consumed as fresh green
• Second most important pulse after Phaseolus
• Canada (21%), France (15), China (11) & Russia (10) = Largest producers of dry pea
• Australia = 8th largest producer
• Average yields: – Global 1570 kg/ha: Australia 1068 kg/ha
![Page 22: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Field pea types
White Marrowfat
Blue Maple
Dun
![Page 23: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Field Pea : Major breeding objectives
Improved yield potential and stabilityWater productivity = More crop per drop
Standing ability and harvestabilityDisease/pest resistance to
BlackspotPea weevil
Tolerance to herbicideTolerance to high soil boronMaintained resistance to
Downy mildewPowdery mildew
Pod shatter resistanceImproved tolerance to frost and drought, particularly at podding
![Page 24: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Advances in FP breeding
• Semi‐leafless afila type with local adaptation
• Stem strength variation and SP selection
• Slow steady progress in partial resistance to black spot
• Pea weevil resistance transferred from P. fulvum
• GM protocol routine & incl. weevil resistance
• Doubled haploid production
• Generation advancement protocol (GAP)
![Page 25: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pea weevil
Herbicide tolerance
Black spot
![Page 26: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Breeding Methods: FP
• Pedigree
• Single seed descent
• Bulk‐pedigree
• Backcross
• Recurrent selection
• Hybrids: male sterility
• Marker‐assisted selection
• Genetic transformation
![Page 27: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Future: Integrated Gene Management
• Water productivity: Wide crossing crossable wild sp.
• AB: – Recurrent phenotypic selection – GM ‐ Antifungal gene/s
• Stem strength
• Markers for pea weevil resistance
• Herbicide tolerance
![Page 28: Pulse Improvement: Chickpea and Field Pea](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021307/6207502249d709492c302df2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
‘Peas on Earth’
Thanks