1. J Korean Med Sci. 2010 Jan;25(1):152-4. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.152. Epub2009 Dec 26.Torus hyperplasia of the pyloric antrum.Kim CH(1), Han HS, Lee SY, Kim BK, Sung IK, Seong MK, Lee KY.Author information: (1)Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul,Korea.Primary or idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle in adult, so called torushyperplasia, is an infrequent but an established entity. It is caused by acircular muscle hypertrophy affecting the lesser curvature near the pylorus.Since most of the lesions are difficult to differentiate from tumor, distalgastrectomy is usually preformed to rule out most causes of pyloric lesionsincluding neoplastic ones through a pathological study. A 56-yr-old man with afamily history of gastric cancer presented with abdominal discomfort of 1 monthduration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a 1.0 cm sized irregularsubmucosal lesion proximal to the pylorus to the distal antrum on the lessercurvature. On colonoscopy examination, a 1.5 cm sized protruding mass was noticedon the appendiceal orifice. Gastrectomy and cecectomy were done, and histologicalsection revealed marked hypertrophy of the distal circular pyloric musculatureand an appendiceal mucocele. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first caseof torus hyperplasia with appendiceal mucocele which is found incidentally.PMCID: PMC2800006PMID: 20054408 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]2. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Feb;10(2):265-9.Diagnosis and therapy of primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults: casereport and review of literature.Hellan M(1), Lee T, Lerner T.Author information: (1)From the Department of Surgery, Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W.Wellington Avenue, Chicago, IL 60657, USA. miniahellan@hotmail.comAdult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (AIHPS) is a misleading anatomicand radio-clinical entity of unknown etiology. Only about 200 cases have beenreported in the literature. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of the circular fibers of the pyloric canal. Despite the recent progress inradiography and endoscopy, it is very hard to define hypertrophic stenosis inadults. Differentiation of primary from secondary pyloric stenosis is frequently a task of the pathologist rather than the surgeon. The main therapy is surgical, although endoscopic dilatation has been tried. There remains controversy over thebest surgical approach. A case is reported of a 48-year-old male patient withAIHPS who was subjected to distal gastrectomy. This paper discusses the possible causes of the disorder, the recommended diagnostic steps, and the differentsurgical approaches.PMID: 16455460 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]3. JSLS. 2000 Apr-Jun;4(2):173-5.Laparoscopic pyloroplasty in idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in anadult.Danikas D(1), Geis WP, Ginalis EM, Gorcey SA, Stratoulias C.Author information: (1)Monmouth Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Long Branch, New Jersey 07740,USA. Ddanikas@onebox.comBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, in adults,is a rare disease. Partial gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, pyloromyotomy,pyloroplasty and endoscopic dilatation have all been recommended with variableresults. A 54-year-old white female is presented with the onset of symptoms ofidiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis one year prior to operation. Twoendoscopic pyloric sphincter balloon dilatations provided only temporary relief.METHOD: A laparoscopic pyloroplasty was performed.RESULT: The patient tolerated a solid diet on postoperative day three. Thepatient was symptom-free at a 13 month follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults can be treatedwith laparoscopic pyloroplasty, offering a minimally invasive alternative to openrepair.PMCID: PMC3015380PMID: 10917127 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]4. Ann Pathol. 2000 Jan;20(1):56-8.[Primary muscular antro-pyloric hypertrophy in the adult: case report].[Article in French]Adem C(1), Chetritt J, Fabre M, Guymar S, Bellil K, Bdossa P.Author information: (1)Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre HospitalierUniversitaire de Bictre, 78, rue du Gnral Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin--BictreCedex.Primary hypertrophic antro-pyloric stenosis in adults is a misleading anatomicand radioclinical entity. It consists of hypertrophy of the internal muscularlayer. Distal gastrectomy is the only effective treatment of the symptomatic formand allows a pathologic study of the gastrectomy, thus ruling out most causes of obstruction, including neoplastic ones. Its congenital origin has not beenestablished. We report the case of a 59 year-old man who had primary hypertrophicpyloric stenosis.PMID: 10648988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]5. Endoscopy. 1989 Sep;21(5):215-6.Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult.Medina E(1), Orti E, Tom A, Martinez A, Canelles P, Quiles F.Author information: (1)Jefe Clnico, Valencia General Hospital, Spain.In view of the low incidence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, we present a case of this pathology in a male aged 74. Stenosis was of the diffuse type, associatedwith gastric ulcer and chronic atrophic gastritis. The patient was admitted toour Service with upper digestive tract hemorrhage after deterioration of theulcer.PMID: 2792014 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]6. Arch Surg. 1990 Sep;125(9):1219-21.Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult.Quigley RL(1), Pruitt SK, Pappas TN, Akwari O.Author information: (1)Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.Analysis of 100 consecutive patients with pyloric outlet obstruction revealedthat 37% of the obstructions were secondary to peptic ulcer disease and 42% were caused by malignant neoplasm. Only a single patient with primary hypertrophicpyloric stenosis was identified, and whether this lesion is a cause or effect of peptic ulcer disease remains unclear. Similarly, the association of this entitywith congenital pyloric stenosis is unknown.PMID: 2400314 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]7. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1992 Sep-Oct;7(5):524-6.Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult.Ikenaga T(1), Honmyo U, Takano S, Murakami A, Harada K, Mizumoto S, Yoshinaka I, Hirata T, Maeda M, Kiyohara H, et al.Author information: (1)Second Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.A case is reported of a 55 year old male patient with primary hypertrophicpyloric stenosis who was subjected to distal gastrectomy. Adult hypertrophicpyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition which is usually misdiagnosed ascarcinoma of the antrum. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of thecircular fibres of the pyloric canal and is recognizable radiologically bynarrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal and endoscopically by appearancesresembling those of the cervix. This condition is probably congenital althoughaetiology has not been established. In the absence of symptoms, no clinicaltreatment is required. However, surgical intervention is advocated, when stenosisgives rise to symptoms, there is a suspicion of malignancy, or the ulceration dueto the disease. Distal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy is the treatment ofchoice.PMID: 1391735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]8. J Clin Pathol. 1998 Jun;51(6):479-80.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: case report and review.Graadt van Roggen JF(1), van Krieken JH.Author information: (1)Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.jgraadt@path_1.medfac.leidenuniv.nlA case of adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presented in an older female withno apparent predisposing factors which might be likely to precipitate thecondition. There was a history of chronic dyspepsia and occasional episodes ofvomiting. No contributory medical history was identified. Barium swallow andfollow through showed a markedly reduced emptying time of the stomach. A partial gastrectomy was eventually done and on histopathological examination a diagnosis of adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was made.PMCID: PMC500756PMID: 9771452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]9. Zentralbl Chir. 1999;124(10):947-9.[Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A are form and stomach outlet stenosis inthe adult].[Article in German]Thielemann H(1), Anders S, Nveke R, Diermann J.Author information: (1)Klinik fr Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin-Marzahn.A 38-year-old white female with primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ispresented. The patient was admitted to our service with a history of upperdigestive tract pain and postprandial vomiting since her 17th year of life.Diagnosis of benign pyloric stenosis was made preoperatively and the patient was successfully treated by Finney pyloroplasty. Primary hypertrophic pyloricstenosis in adults is a rare condition of unknown etiology. Only about 200 cases of primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults have been reported in theliterature.PMID: 10596056 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]10. Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig. 1988 Apr;73(4):427-8.[Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults].[Article in Spanish]Mur M, Guerrero L, Revillo P, Lpez C.PMID: 3387653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]11. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1987;372:731-3.[Morphologic findings in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (pyloric spasm)].[Article in German]Henrich MH.Author information: Anatomisches Institut der Universitt Hamburg.According to our morphological investigations (special clearance technique -light-polarized microscopy - systemically suitable histological sections)congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an impressive example for a closuremechanism by stretching: caused by constructive elongation the lumen of theprimary narrow segment (canalis pyloricus) becomes nearly closed. On the contrarya disease related to pyloric dilatation is not known. Normal findings arecompared to pathological observations and thereby the principle of the"Dehnverschluss" is explained by synoptically.PMID: 3431297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]12. Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig. 1986 Nov;70(5):456-60.[Pyloric hypertrophy of the adult. Presentation of 4 cases].[Article in Spanish]Ortz de Solorzano Aurusa J, Garca Gil A, Rubio Nacher M, Jimnez Bernado A,Val-Carreres Guinda A, Garca Cirac A, Gonzlez Gonzlez M.PMID: 3797770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]13. Tex Med. 1986 Sep;82(9):27-8.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: case report.Taliaferro L, Barnett DA, Mann NS.PMID: 3775682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]14. Br J Surg. 1986 May;73(5):379-80.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and gastric carcinoma.Simson JN, Thomas AJ, Stoker TA.PMID: 3708291 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]15. Am J Gastroenterol. 1983 Jul;78(7):449-53.Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults: radiographic features.Balthazar EJ.PMID: 6869356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]16. Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Chir. 1984 Jan-Feb;33(1):65-8.[Acquired antropyloric hypertrophic stenosis in adults].[Article in Romanian]Dragomirescu C, Macavei D, Budu S.PMID: 6233647 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]17. Minerva Chir. 1984 Apr 15;39(7):489-95.[Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult].[Article in Italian]D'Elia F, Della Giovampaola C, Giulianotti PC, Miccoli P, Mosca F.PMID: 6472659 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]18. Minerva Chir. 1984 Apr 15;39(7):497-500.[Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult. Presentation of 2 clinical cases].[Article in Italian]Vitali V, Cignoni U.PMID: 6472660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]19. J Ultrasound Med. 1985 Sep;4(9):505-6.Sonographic diagnosis of adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.Jackson VP, Holden RW, Doering PR, Lappas JC.PMID: 3903210 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]20. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983 Apr;33(249):239-41.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis--a description in 1834?Stout G.John Peacock MD was in practice in Darlington when he published his PracticalHints on the Treatment of Several Diseases in 1834. It is suggested that hiscases described therein of ;scirrhous pylorus' are adult hypertrophic pyloricstenosis. If authenticated, his work would predate the earliest description ofthis condition by the French pathologist, Professor Jean Cruveilhier in 1835.PMCID: PMC1972673PMID: 6350566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]21. Cesk Radiol. 1980 Sep;34(5):346-51.[Chronic hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus in adults (author's transl)].[Article in Czech]Kreuzberg B.PMID: 7418102 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]22. Vrach Delo. 1980 Sep;(9):20-5.[Primary hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus in adults (a review of the foreign literature)].[Article in Russian]Pnomarev AA.PMID: 6999737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]23. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1980 Jul;25(4):262-4.Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults.Suman RK.PMID: 7401003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]24. JAMA. 1980 May 16;243(19):1928-9.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis managed by double pyloroplasty.Brahos GJ, Mack E.PMID: 7365976 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]25. Minerva Chir. 1977 Feb 15;32(3):119-26.[Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult. Presentation of 4 cases].[Article in Italian]Dell'Orto V, Genoni E, Potestio M, Wizemann G, Bonzi F.4 cases of hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus, an infrequent benign diseaseoften associated with gastro-duodenal lesions and characterized by narrowing and lengthening of the channel owing to hypertrophy-hyperplasia of the circularmuscular fibres, are reported. Aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, namelyalways gastric resection, are discussed.PMID: 850543 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]26. Am J Gastroenterol. 1977 Mar;67(3):261-4.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Report of an unusual case detected by salineload test.Caldwell JH, Cerilli GJ.A case of adult idiopathic hypertropic pyloric stenosis whose radiographic study was repeatedly normal is presented. Only a functional test of gastric emptyingdisclosed the degree of outlet obstruction present. Vagotomy and pyloroplastyresulted in prolonged relief of obstructive symptoms and a return of the salineload test to normal. The saline load test may be of value when gastroduodenalx-rays or endoscopy do not reveal the cause or extent of gastric outletobstruction.PMID: 868847 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]27. Wiad Lek. 1977 Sep 15;30(18):1457-69.[Case of primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis].[Article in Polish]Przystasz T, Witkowski W.PMID: 906513 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]28. J Chir (Paris). 1978 Mar;115(3):175.[Hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter in adults].[Article in French]Mayeri S, Farrakhi A.PMID: 649709 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]29. Am Surg. 1979 Jul;45(7):478-84.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.Dye TE, Vidals VG, Lockhart CE, Snider WR.Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an unusual disease of obscure etiologywhich causes varying degrees of gastric outlet obstruction. Diagnosis by history,physical examination, and roentgenography is difficult but can be readily madewith fiberoptic gastroscopy where a characteristic pyloric "cervix sign" is seen.All of the many operations for relief of gastric outlet obstruction have beentried with this lesion, with resection and Billroth I reanastomosis the accepted treatment. Two patients are reported with adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis whohad typical endoscopic findings. One was treated with distal gastrectomy, and theother was adequately treated by endoscopic dilatation alone. It is suggested thatendoscopic dilatation is acceptable as primary therapy in suitable cases.PMID: 464395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]30. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1979 Oct;79(2):98-102.Adult idiopathic hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus: report of case in whichcineradiographic studies were used.Anderson DJ, Rose N, Duberstein DL.PMID: 489445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]31. Zentralbl Chir. 1976;101(9):535-41.[Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle in the adult from the preoperative viewpoint].[Article in German]Assmann H, Bindel E.PMID: 936809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]32. AMB Rev Assoc Med Bras. 1974 Nov;20(11):413-5.[Pyloric hypertrophic stenosis in the adult].[Article in Portuguese]Capelhuchnik P, Crede WJ, Arajo Mde F.PMID: 4548767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]33. Rev Med Univ Navarra. 1974 Sep-Dec;18(3-4):113-21.[Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult].[Article in Spanish]Arconada JA, Prez-Cabaas I, Zornoza G, Voltas J.PMID: 4471075 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]34. Harefuah. 1974 Mar 1;86(5):233-8.[Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult].[Article in Hebrew]Riesenfeld G.PMID: 4830203 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]35. Am J Gastroenterol. 1973 Oct;60(4):400-5.Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults.Go TS, Morse WH.PMID: 4758298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]36. J Maine Med Assoc. 1973 Aug;64(8):174-5 passim.Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult. Case report and review of theliterature.Adams PS Jr.PMID: 4732645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]37. Gastroenterology. 1973 Apr;64(4):634-6.Torus hyperplasia of the pyloric antrum presenting as a gastric pseudotumor.Aron JM, Newman A, Heaton JW Jr.PMID: 4700776 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]