Publishing research articles: a Publishing research articles: a

look on the insidelook on the inside

Presented by: Sholpan Askarova, PhDPresented by: Sholpan Askarova, PhD

• Kazakhstan now moves forward to join the rest of the developed world in all areas, and science is not an exception. Currently, Kazakhstan is putting a lot of effort toward development of scientific and technological potential. In 2011 the government has invested $178.6 million into science. However, in 2012 the amount of funding has grown by 40% and now is $331.3 million.

• In the new light of development and funding opportunities, our researchers need to prove their worth to the world’s scientific arena. However, the best way to achieve this goal is publishing scientific results in international peer reviewed journals with high impact. Indeed, one of the critical measures of the successful scientist is his or her publications.

• In this regards, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries are far behind in publication rate and impact in comparisons with such nations as US, Japan, Korea, Russia etc. Only 439 articles were published in peer reviewed journals from Kazakhstani researchers; the publication rate of other Central Asian countries is even lower. Despite the fact that this number is gradually grown over the last decade, it is still insufficient.

Why the publication Why the publication rate of our scientists is rate of our scientists is

so low?so low?• Language barrier

• Money

• Do not know how to publish

• How to find a journal

• How to organize your paper

• Writing tricks for non native speakers

How to start?How to start?• You need to finish your research!

Alternative systems Alternative systems for searchingfor searching

• Scopus (http://info.scopus.com)- searching platform of Elsevier

• SiteSeer – free of charge • Scirus – free of charge• Google Scholar

Manuscript Manuscript organizationorganization

Title Should be catchy and informative!

Abstract Should be short and informative

Key words Should be KEY WORDS!

Introduction What did you study and why?

Materials and Methods What did you do?

Results What did you find?

Discussion What does it mean?

Acknowledgements “Thank you” notes

References References

TitleTitle• Evaluation of a potential application of cell

therapeutic approaches in treatment of osteoporosis

• Directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone to induce bone formation and reduce bone mass loss

• Bisphosphonate based polymer as a foundation of cell therapy for treatment of osteoporosis

• Targeted Cell Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis

AbstractAbstract

• Abstract is a mini version of the article!

• If it is well written, it gives a brief introduction to the article

• It should describe the main goal of the research, methods, results and conclusion

• The maximum length – 250 words

Key wordsKey words• The main objective – to increase the chance to find your paper

among millions!

• Key words should be different from those, your have used in the title

• Key words should cover the aspects, which are missing in the title

An example:

• Title: Targeted Cell Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis

• Key words: bisphosphonate based polymer, mesenchymal stem cells, bone regeneration, osteoporosis

IntroductionIntroduction

• Establishing a context

• Reviewing the literature

• Establishing a research gap

• Stating the purpose

Materials and methodsMaterials and methods

• Your experiments must be repeatable!

• “Materials and methods” section should provide detailed description of your experiments!

ResultsResults• It is a central part of your paper!

• Present only facts

• Present the facts in a form of graphs, equations, tables, photos, and pictures

• Provide short resuming comments

Are

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en f

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of b

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chip

s

PAP-f-NHS PBP-f-NHS

P=0.035

A

B

C

An example

Fig.1. PBP-f-NHS modified HL60 cells exhibited bone affinity Bone chips were incubated with PAP-f-NHS ( control polymer without bone

targeting moiety) (A) or PBP-f-NHS (B) modified HL60 cells, washed 3 times, imaged and analyzed (C). PBP-f-NHS modified HL60 cells exhibited significantly

greater bone affinity compared to control polymer. 26 images in total were analyzed; data are presented as mean (n=13) ±SEM; mean differences between

experimental groups were tested with unpaired t-test.

A

a

control histamine

0.5 µM Aβ 1 µM Aβ

adstatin

eLat A

statin +Aβ

B

1 µM

lat A

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1µM

Aβ

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tatin

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1

2

***

***

ººº

***

****

bEnd3

Fig.2. Fluorescent images of oregon-green phalloidin-stained bEnd3 cells (A); relative F-actin intensity in mouse bEnd3 (B); Aβ42 promoted

actin polymerization within CECs and lovastatin decreased F-actin fluorescence (green, 40X, NA 0.95 objective).

*** - p ≤ 0.001, ** - p ≤ 0.01, * - p ≤ 0.05 compare to the control;ººº - p ≤ 0.001 compare to the Aβ (1 µM) treatment.

An example

Discussion Discussion • In this section you move from specific information

(“Materials and Methods”, “Results”) to the general interpretation of the results:o Repeat the main results;o Explain your results;o Compare the results with data, published previously; o Remind about the aims and objectives of your research;o Discuss, if your results support your hypothesis;o Discuss the weaknesses;o Offer practical or theoretical applications of your research;o Suggest future directions.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

I would like to thank my mentors Dr. Shalakhmetova Tamara and Dr. James C-M. Lee. They provided me with invaluable support and guidance. It was a truly meaningful experience toward my professional development.

ReferencesReferences

http://nocmu.sfu-kras.ru/sites/mioc.sfu-kras.ru/files/Kak_napisat_i_opublikovat_statyu_v_mezhdunarodnom_nauchnom_zhurnale_0.pdfКак написать и опубликовать статью в международном научном журнале

Use EndNote!

Writing tricks for non Writing tricks for non English speakersEnglish speakers

• Read a lot!

• Pay attention not only to the context of the paper, but also to the words and phrases used by the authors

• Create your own professional dictionary

If you write on Russian or If you write on Russian or

Kazakh and mean to ask Kazakh and mean to ask

somebody to translate your somebody to translate your

paper:paper:

oWrite as simple as possible;

oDo not use metaphors, allegories etc.;

oAvoid long sentences.

GOOD LUCK!GOOD LUCK!