public views on good governance, jobs and women’s rights in … aug-sept... · 2018-11-21 ·...

Public Views on Good Governance, Jobs and Women’s Rights in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)

August – September 2018 Survey Findings PUBLIC REPORT

WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork 1

This material has been funded by the UK government; however the views and opinions

expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies.

2WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork

Methodology Overview –  17 August – 11 September, 2018

–  2,118 face-to-face interviews (2,344 unweighted); part of a national survey of 14.440

interviews

–  Kurdistan Region of Iraq only, covering Dohuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah; not including IDPs

–  Avg MOE +/- 2.1 points total KRI; Avg MOE +/- 3.5% per province

–  Representative by gender, age, education, urban/rural

–  Multi-stage cluster sampling; probability proportional to size sampling down to block level in

urban areas; simple random sampling at rural village selection and house/individual level –  Half and quarter split samples were used on select questions for testing purposes or to

reduce the survey length

–  Implementation team: NDI, JPM Strategic Solutions, GQR, IIACSS

–  14th national survey in Iraq conducted by team dating back to 2010; 2nd national survey

conducted by team this year


Key Findings

–  Some optimism about the direction of the Region

–  Still a disconnect and dissatisfaction with the central government, but some

openness to improve relations

–  The weak economy and unresolved budget and salary issues drive public

concerns

–  Corruption is top-of-mind issue in Sulaymaniyah

–  While women’s rights are broadly viewed in a positive light, they are stronger in

Sulaymaniyah, and among young women

–  Connections and bribes perceived as necessary to get government jobs, and

support for an array of measures to encourage the private sector


36 46 46

20

59 47 45

79

0

20

40

60

80

100

KRI Dohuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah

Right direction Wrong direction


Slightly increased optimism for KRI direction Generally speaking, do you think that things in KRI are going in the right direction, or do you think things are going in the wrong direction?

∆ April ‘18

+4 -5 -5 +4 +5 -10 +9 -8


Thinking specifically about your life now compared to 6 months ago, would you say you are more or less satisfied now than compared to 6 months ago?

Thinking specifically about your life, do you expect things to get better for you or worse for you over the next 6 months.

Satisfaction with past 6 months increases, next 6 months stable

47 60

53

33 47

35 39

63

0

20

40

60

80


More Satisfied Less Satisfied

∆ April ’18

+17 -21 +11 -15 +22 -28 +17 -20

46 51 48 39 38

28 33

48

0

20

40

60


Better Worse

∆ April ’18 +3 -9 -11 -7 +5 -12 +9 -9


1 1 3

6 5 4 2

8 28

2 6

12 19

30 34 35

39 46

68

0 20 40 60 80

The Popular Mobilization Units

The Iraqi army

The Iraqi government

The federal police

The Council of Representatives

The justice system

The Human Rights Commission

The district council

The provincial council

The local police

Trust a lot Trust Somewhat

I will now give you a list of institutions. For each, please tell me how much you trust that institution. Do you trust that institution a lot, somewhat, just a little, or not at all?

Trust in government institutions continues to fall

∆ April ’18

+5

-4

-4

N/A

-5 --

+4 -1

-4

+2

25 24 21 29 52 56 53 50

0

20

40

60

80

KRI Dohuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork 8

Majority feel their “component” not getting fair share Now for something different. I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

I generally feel that my component gets its fair share of services.

I feel that other components get more services than they should.

∆ April ’18

+6 -12 +21 -28 -- -14 +3 +1

65 61 66 68

22 30 19 20

0

20

40

60

80

100

KRI Dohuk Erbil Sulaymaniyah 9

Democracy is the best form of government for Iraq, even if it has flaws.

Another form of government aside from democracy is better for Iraq.

∆ March ’15

+12 -7 +23 -4 +19 -18 +3 -1

Still faith in democracy, despite elections not bringing stability I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork

21 19 9

34

59 56 66

53

0

20

40

60

80

100


Generally speaking, the parliamentary elections have brought more stability to Iraq.

Generally speaking, the parliamentary elections have not improved the level of

stability in Iraq.

∆ April ’18

-9 +6 -5 -9 -17 +17 -4 +5

22 14 25 25

56 60 47

61

0

20

40

60

80

100



Low understanding of government priorities Now for something different. I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

I generally have a good idea what my local government's priorities are.

I do not have a good sense of what my local government's priorities are.

I generally have a good idea what the Iraqi government's priorities are.

I do not have a good sense of what the Iraqi government's priorities are.

12 1 6 25

64 68 63 63

0

20

40

60

80


∆ April ’18

+9 -6 +10 -14 +13 -12 +4 +5


5 5 7 12 12

17 18

28 28

31 35

0 10 20 30 40 50

Security

Sectarianism

Fairness of and access to justice

Infrastructure

Education and schools

Health care services

High prices

Basic services like electricity

Corruption

Jobs and unemployment

Budget and paying salaries

Which TWO of these are the most important for the KRI government to address?

∆ April 18 N/A -4

-13 +11 -8 +5 -4 -- -4 +2 -2

Economic issues, corruption, and services dominate concerns

Job concerns: Under age of 35—41% Over age of 35—20% Diploma+ education—46%


4 7 9 9 14

17 19

28 42

48

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Property/land grabbing Garbage/environment

Personal safety Infrastruct/Reconstruction

Schools and education Health care facilities

Potable water Corruption Electricity

The economy

Please tell me which TWO of these are the most important for your GOVERNORNATE'S government to address.

∆ April 18 +10

+7 -6

+9 -3

-7

-5 --

+1 -1

Economy and electricity top local concerns


Pollution largest environmental concern Now, I am going to read you a list of environmental concerns that some people may have. Please tell me which two concern you the most.

25 26 29 32

36 46

0 10 20 30 40 50

Lack of water for farming

Extreme weather, like heat and sand storms

Lack of sanitation and open sewage

Lack of clean drinking water

Pollution resulting from conflict

Industry-related air pollution


KRI security apparatuses still perceived as responsive Now I am going to ask about different groups in Iraq. For each one, please tell me how responsive they would be to you if you need help.

0

1

3

40

73

2

8

20

71

90

0 20 40 60 80 100

PMUs

The Iraqi army

Federal police

Local police

Peshmerga

Very responsive Somewhat responsive ∆ April 18

-4

+10

+4

+3

-2

Dohuk: 16% Erbil: 28% Suli: 71%

1

11

42

44

0 10 20 30 40 50

The Iraqi army

PMUs

ISIS & other terrorist organizations

Local criminals Dohuk: 81% Erbil: 60% Suli: 4%


Dohuk, Erbil most concerned about local criminals, Suli about ISIS I am now going to read a list of different groups in Iraq. Based on what you know, which ONE of the following do you feel is the biggest threat to your day to day security?

∆ April

18

+32

+5

+2

-2

Peshmerga, local and federal police, family, clans = 0


Majority concerned about ISIS return and violence in community Would you say you are very concerned about ISIS and other extremist groups re-emerging in your area, somewhat concerned, just a little concerned, or not at all concerned about ISIS and other extremist groups re-emerging in your area?

Would you say you are very concerned about violence in your community getting worse over the next 6 months, somewhat concerned, just a little concerned, or not at all concerned about violence in your community getting worse over the next 6 months?

62 57 45

82

36 42 53

17 0

20

40

60

80

100


Very/Somewhat Concerned Little/Not Concerned

54 41 40

75

40 53 52

21 0

20

40

60

80

100


Very/Somewhat Concerned Little/Not Concerned

∆ April ’18

-12 +11 -- -1 -32 +32 +1 -- -10 +7 +7 -12 -33 +29 -- --

21

71

0

20

40

60

80

Most qualified Know people WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork 17

Need to have connection to get public or private sector job I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

You are likely to get a public sector job if you are the most qualified candidate.

You are most likely to get a public sector job if you know the right people.

You are likely to get a private sector job if you are the most qualified candidate.

20

71

0

20

40

60

80

Most qualified Right people

You are most likely to get a private sector job if you know the right people.


Need to pay bribe and connections to get a job I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

To get a government job you need to pay a bribe.

To get a government job you usually do not need to pay a bribe.

To get a government job you need to have connections.

To get a government job you usually need to have a strong resume.

59

28 0

20

40

60

80

Pay a bribe Not bribe

66

21 0

20

40

60

80

Connections Resume

30 45

0

10

20

30

40

50

Gov't increase public sector

Gov't help private sector


Split between facilitating public and private sector jobs I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

The government should play an active role in increasing jobs in the country by

increasing government jobs. The govt's role should help private sector by creating a coherent legal framework,

eliminating corruption, & boosting spending on infrastructure.

What Iraq needs most right now is more jobs created by the government.

What Iraq needs most right now is more jobs created by private companies and

businesses.

35 36

0

10

20

30

40

50

Jobs by gov't Jobs by private companies


20 21 23 24

32 33

38

0 10 20 30 40 50

Reduce the paper work needed to create new companies

Incentivize employers to hire more women

Focus on creating jobs outside the oil sector

Establish vocation training centers throughout Iraq

Ensure positions are filled on merit, not quota/connections

Provide incentives to businesses that hire new employees

Create more government jobs

Now I am going to read you a list of things the next government of Iraq could do to improve the country's employment situation. Please tell me which TWO of these would be most important to improve the country's employment situation?

Wide array of efforts needed to create jobs

42

33

31

46

54

60

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Women's rights

Participation of women in public life

Participation of women in politics

Worse Better


Majority see women’s participation as improving

∆ April ‘18 Better

N/A

N/A

+14

Now, I will read you a list of issues. Please tell me if you think this issue is getting better or worse in Iraq.


Sulaymaniyah most intense about equal rights Generally speaking, do you think that men and women should have equal rights in Iraq? Yes or no?

48

26 38

72

89 92 84 90

0

20

40

60

80

100


Yes, strongly Yes, somewhat


Young and urban women most intense about equality Generally speaking, do you think that men and women should have equal rights in Iraq? Yes or no?

48 60

42 49 41 44

34

57 44

89 94 86 90

83 86 80 93 89

0

20

40

60

80

100

KRI Young Women

Young Men Older Women

Older Men Urban Men Rural Men Urban Women

Rural Women

Yes, strongly Yes, somewhat

55 63

50 52 56

34 26

39 36 35

KRI Young Women

Young Men

Older Women

Older Men

30 19

37 25

41

60 72

56 61 50

0

20

40

60

80

KRI Young Women

Young Men

Older Women

Older Men


Women in work force viewed positively, esp. among younger women I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

If jobs are limited, men should have more of a right to a job.

Both men and women should have an equal opportunity to get most jobs.

Iraq would be stronger if more women entered the workforce.

It is not culturally appropriate for women to pursue jobs outside the house.

32 33 32

0

10

20

30

40


Split on whether society or families hold women back I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

Society as a whole does more to prevent

women from achieving more.

Individual families do more to prevent

women from achieving more.

(Both)

53 61

49 58

43 31

21

38 28

41

0

20

40

60

80

KRI Young Women

Young Men

Older Women

Older Men


Young women most supportive of women in business I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

Women and men should have an equal role in running the government.

Men should have a greater role in running the government.

51

66

49 47 43 34

21

40 37 39

KRI Young Women

Young Men

Older Women

Older Men

Women and men should have equal roles in running businesses and industry.

Men should have a greater role in running businesses and industry.

39

49

37 42

27 26 20 23

29 33 31 29

37

24

35

0

10

20

30

40

50

KRI Young Women Young Men Older Women Older Men WorkingforDemocracyandMakingDemocracyWork 27

Women most likely to think only women can represent women Now for something different. I'm going to read you some pairs of statements and for each one, I want you to tell me which statement comes closer to your point of view.

Only women can sufficiently represent the interests of women in politics. Men can sufficiently represent the interests of women in politics.

(Both)


31

38

36

45

51

55

63

69

67

86

90

90

26

46

50

55

61

63

62

78

80

91

94

96

0 20 40 60 80 100

Men, Strongly able Men, Somewhat able Women, Strongly able Women, Somewhat able

Support for women in politics; stronger among women Now I am going to ask you about various things that women in Iraq could do in society and politics. For each one, please tell me if think a woman should be able to do that activity or should a woman not be able to do that activity?

Become an advocate for women’s rights

Run for office in the KRI Parliament elections

Become a community activist

Be a minister in the federal government

Be a Prime Minister

Join a political party


41

42

35

51

77

79

70

84

39

47

50

63

78

87

79

93

0 20 40 60 80 100


Openness to women in business Now I am going to ask you about various things that women in Iraq could do in society and politics. For each one, please tell me if think a woman should be able to do that activity or should a woman not be able to do that activity?

Run their own business

Run their own business with men and women employees

Make a higher salary than their husbands

Work as many hours as they want


16

28

39

54

70

37

56

79

90

94

24

34

59

67

82

42

68

88

96

98

0 20 40 60 80 100


More variation on women’s social roles Now I am going to ask you about various things that women in Iraq could do in society and politics. For each one, please tell me if you think a woman should be able to do that activity or should a woman not be able to do that activity?

Get a university degree

Have a government job

Marry whomever they want

Travel alone wherever and whenever they want

Be part of the Iraqi police

public views on good governance, jobs and women’s rights in … aug-sept... · 2018-11-21 ·...

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