public safet webinar 4-8-2013.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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USE OF THE MMPI-2-RF IN POLICE & PUBLIC SAFETY
ASSESSMENTS
Yossef S. Ben-PorathKent State University
Disclosure
Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI publisher, the University of Minnesota, and distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-2-RF he receives royalties on sales of the test.
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Agenda
Brief Overview of the MMPI-2-RF
Assessing Public Safety Candidates
Fitness for Duty Evaluations
MMPI-2-RF Overview
Published 2008 Authors Ben-Porath & Tellegen
338 items Subset of MMPI-2 Item Pool Norms based on MMPI-2 normative sample MMPI-2 remains available and supported
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The MMPI-2-RF
Overall Objective: Represent the clinically significant substance of the MMPI-2 item pool with a comprehensive set of psychometrically adequate measures: Improve efficiency Enhance construct validity
Overall Strategy: First restructure the Clinical Scales (resulting in the
Restructured Clinical [RC] Scales) Then augment the RC Scales with needed additional
measures
MMPI-2-RF Scales
• 51 Scales • 9 Validity Scales• 3 Higher-Order Scales• 9 RC Scales• 23 Specific Problems Scales
• 5 Somatic/Cognitive• 9 Internalizing• 4 Externalizing• 5 Interpersonal
• 2 Interest Scales• 5 PSY-5 Scales
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MMPI-2-RF Documentation
Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation
Technical Manual
User’s Guide for Reports
Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF
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Assessing Public Safety Candidates
Assessing Public Safety Candidates
Issues:• Screening versus Selection• Assessment Targets• Interpretive Adjustments
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Screening versus Selection
Implications of Americans with disabilities Act (ADA)
Screening out typically done post conditional offer of employment/position
Selection cannot involve medical procedures that can identify disabilities (e.g., MMPI), unless exempted
Assessment Targets
Excessive Guardedness
Psychopathology
Undesirable Characteristics
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Assessment Targets
Excessive Guardedness• L-r• K-r
Psychopathology• H-O Scales• RC Scales• SP Scales• PSY-5 Scales
Undesirable Characteristics• Moderate elevations on certain substantive scales• Low scores on certain substantive scales
Interpretive Adjustments
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Identifying MMPI-2 Predictors of Police Officer Integrity and Misconduct
Martin SellbomKent State University
Gary L. FischlerGary L. Fischler & Associates, P.A.
Minneapolis, MNYossef S. Ben-PorathKent State University
Criminal Justice and Behavior (2007)
Range Restriction
Results from:• Pre-selection: Factors that restrict the range of
scores in the sample of candidates (e.g., stable work history, civil service exams)
• Selection: Reliance on predictor scores in screening out candidates
Results in:• Attenuated correlations
• If uncorrected, underestimate of predictive validity
• Low occurrence of elevated scores
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Means and Standard Deviations for RC Scales for Overall, Hired, and Employed Samples.
Correlations with Outcome Variables
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Correlations with Outcome Variables
Correlations with outcome variables
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Low Occurrence of Elevated Scores
As a result of pre-selection and selection effects, “clinically” elevated scores are rare• e.g. none of the individuals evaluated by their supervisors
scored above 60 on RC6
The correlation between RC6 and supervisor ratings reflects variance that occurs below T-score 60 on that scale
One way to assign meaning to lower (or any other) elevations is through Relative Risk ratios
Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs)
Indicate the relative likelihood of a characteristic being present in individuals who score above a given cutoff versus those who do not
Example: RRR=2 means those at or above a given cutoff are at twice the risk for having the predicted condition as those below the cutoff.
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Interpretive Adjustments
Some guardedness expected• Lack of guardedness a red flag.
• How much is too much?
No adjustment for detection of psychopathology• Clinical cutoffs (T>65) apply
Undesirable Characteristics• Moderate elevations or low scores as defined in
reference to “local norms” or Comparison Groups
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MMPI-2-RF: Standard Comparison Groups
• MMPI-2-RF Normative (Men & Women)• Outpatient, Community Mental Health Center (Men & Women)• Outpatient, Independent Practice (Men & Women)• Psychiatric Inpatient, Community Hospital (Men & Women)• Psychiatric Inpatient, VA Hospital (Men)• Substance Abuse Treatment, VA (Men)• Bariatric Surgery Candidate (Men & Women)• Spine Surgery/Spinal Cord Stimulator Candidates (Men & Women)• Chronic Pain Patients (Men & Women)• College Counseling Clinic (Men & Women)• College Student (Men & Women)• Forensic, Disability Claimant (Men & Women)• Forensic, Independent Neuropsychological Examination (Men & Women)• Forensic, Pre-trial Criminal (Men & Women)• Forensic, Child Custody (Men & Women)• Forensic, Parental Fitness Evaluees (Men & Women)• Prison Inmate (Men & Women)• Personnel Screening, Law Enforcement (Men, Women & Combined)• Personnel Screening, Corrections Officer (Men, Women & Combined)• Personnel Screening, Clergy Candidates (Men, Women, & Combined)
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Law Enforcement Candidates:
Men
Law Enforcement Candidates:
Women
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Law Enforcement Candidates:
Men
Law Enforcement Candidates:
Women
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Law Enforcement Candidates:
Men
Law Enforcement Candidates:
Women
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Law Enforcement Candidates:
Men
Law Enforcement Candidates:
Women
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Law Enforcement Candidates:
Men
Law Enforcement Candidates:
Women
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Case Examples
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Case 4
22, year old, single male
Recently honorably discharged from military
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Case 4
Low L-r – Potential red flag
Clinically elevated scores on RC4, AGG, DISC-r – Possible psychopathology
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Case 5
28 year old, married male
14 years of education
Successful six-year military service
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Fitness for Duty Evaluations
Fitness for Duty Evaluations
Corey (2011) Fitness usually defined as a state of “unfitness”
IACP Guidelines define unfitness as being:unable to safely and/or effectively perform his or her duties due to a psychological condition or impairment
Role of MMPI-2-RF: Assist in assessment for psychological condition or
impairment that may render a police officer unfit for duty
MMPI-2-RF data do not address fitness per se (just as they don’t answer directly other psycho-legal questions)
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Fitness for Duty Evaluations
Corey (2011) notes the importance of assessing response styles in FFD evaluations But cautions that consideration should be given to
base rates of scale scores in individuals undergoing these assessments
MMPI-2-RF provides: Well-validated response style measures
Ability to generate and use FFD evaluee comparison group
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Q&A