Public Private Partnership in bean seed systems in Africa is key to sustainability

Jean Claude Rubyogo, Enock Maereka, NARS, and CIAT Colleagues .

CIAT APR, 22-26 June 2015

Variety release

Phase Period Number of varieties

Phase 1-4 Before 2000 284

Phase 5 2001-2004 96 (380)

Phase 6 2004-2008 119

Phase 7 2009-2014 238

357 in the last ten years)

1

2

3

4 Certified seed 2

Farmers

Certified Seed 1 (Private seed producers )

Basic seeds (NARS )

Breeder seeds (NARS )

Farmers 5 Traders

Centralized seed system (before 2004)

Some challenges before 2004

Limited information/knowledge on varieties and seed systems (centralized and decentralized)

Inadequate supply and limited diversity of seed sources

Limited client oriented seed marketing (centralized)

Inefficiency in the seed production

Delays in availing varieties to farmers: ◦Delays in variety use after release

1

2

3

4

Certified seeds (large and small packs) using market and non market channels

Farmers

Quality Declared Seed (QDS) by local seed producers (individual or groups –supported by Development partners (GOs, NGOs, CBOs etc.)

Basic seed 2 (Private seed producers)

Pre-basic seed (NARS/ Private sector )

Breeder seed (NARS)

Farmers

5 Traders

Integrated Seed System for wider impact (2004)

Inclusion of Quality Declared Seed

Use of certified bean seed (% area sown) in selected African countries

Country 2004 2010 2014Ethiopia <1 5.4 15.6Kenya <2 3.4 5.9Malawi <1 5.2 5.2Uganda 3.6 6.3 8.9

Multi-functional partnership established

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

33

6 6

75

50

819

125

Evolution of number of common bean pro-ducers in ESA, by category of actors (2007-

2013)

2009 2013

Categories of seed producers

Nu

mb

er

of

bean

seed

pro-

du

cers

Increased bean productivity: case of Ethiopia (2004/5-2013/14).

2004

/5

2005

/6

2006

/7

2007

/8

2008

/9

2009

/10

2010

/11

2011

/12

2012

/13

2013

/14

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Years

Pro

du

cti

vit

y (

ton

s/h

a)

More than 70% increase in bean productivity: from 0.861 tons per ha to 1.49 tons per ha between 2004 and 2014.Reliable grain market pulls

use of quality seed, improved agronomic practices, grain quality etc.

Trend of bean production in Ethiopia

2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013/14 -

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

211,347

138,422

222,701 241,418

329,775

362,890 340,280

387,802

455,115

Year

Pdoduct

ion (

tons)

Trend of bean export revenue in Ethiopia

2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 -

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

90,000,000

8,145,673

20,222,285

34,643,744

44,746,960 49,046,076

49,656,920

59,274,028

75,861,072

83,305,950 Export revenue (USD)

Year

Revenue (

US

D)

COMPARING PRODUCTVITY, LAND UNDER BEANS AND TOTAL PRODUCTION: RWANDA

The PPPs process

Generating and disseminating

lessons learned for scaling up

Participatory evaluation and performance

tracking

Scheduling activities around seed production, variety promotion

and seed distribution

Making available breeder seed of

preferred variety (ies) to seed

companies and support services.

Building of partnership to scale up seed

supply

Demand creation for improved varieties

1

2

3

6

5

4

Adoption of innovative approaches for fast and efficient distribution of bean seed.

Sale of seed in small pocket-friendly packs Wider impact strategy Convenient and

affordable access by farmers

Affordable testing of new varieties

Diversity of bean varieties accessed

Increasing demand of quality bean seed pulled by differentiated /profitable grain market/nutrition

As result of intensive demand creation, farmers increasingly realizing the value of varieties and their utilization

Increased bean seed production: case of CEDO – Uganda (2010-2013).

2010 2011 2012 2013 -

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

149.1 171.8

301.3

380.4

Year

Am

ou

nt

(to

ns)

of

bean

seed

p

rod

uced

Some constraints of private seed companies

Limited availability of breeder/basic seed from NARS

Inadequate knowledge on quality bean seed production/post harvest and business/marketing skills

Inadequate capacity of seed services to inspect seed fields

Cost sharing - breeder 1: 3 seed ratio: (DARS 1 and private company : 3 )

In kind payment (breeder seed equivalent)

Contracting arrangement

Dr. Reuben OtsyulaKALRO

Breeder Seed Production (kg)

Year 2013 2014 2015

DARS-EX Agris (Malawi)

55 1,563 2,500

KALRO–Bubayi (Kenya)

2,000 3,600 23,000

Total 2,055

5,163 25,500

Results: basic seed ( tons) Year 2013 2014 2015

DARS-EX Agris

0.8 15.0 36.2

KALRO –Bubayi

30.0 72.0

Total 0.8 45.0 108.2

What did PABRA (NARS/CIAT) bring on board?

Facilitate the partnerships between NARS and private companies

Technical backstopping, training on bean seed pre and post harvest technologies and seed business

Facilitate linkages between certified seed producers and basic/breeder seed producers

Supportive messages on utilization e.g. nutrition messages (iron and zinc) or marketability

Engagement with policy makers (national and regional EAC, SADC, COMESA etc.)

Future plans

Explore the possibility of co-owning the released varieties (rather than being NARS sole property ) – management/sharing the IP (CIAT/NARS/private seed companies)

Bring in the private sector on board before the release and grant exclusive/non exclusive!! rights

Private sector to pay some royalties to support breeding or nucleus seed production

Integrating QDS and support to private companies (for synergies and impact )

What are sustainable institutional mixes for delivering and out-scaling seed and complementary technologies?

Seed system support Innovations under Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (SFSA)Strengthen multiple varieties release across

countries – for economy of scale –wider market/cross border seed trade

Facilitate variety licensing to seed companies and wider commercialization of bean seed

Fine-tune and deploy embedded crop insurance in the seed price to pull the use of certified seed (two students) PABRA/CCAFS-UoN

Marketing test and scale up use of seed dressing systemic Apron Star (fungicide +insecticide) – pull seed ?

Other areas to expand seed systems/ICMMechanization of

small and medium holders ◦ Participatory testing

and strengthen supply value

Production efficiency ◦ Weed control –

strengthen supply chain◦ Environment effects??◦ Soil fertility (foliar

feed/boosters!!)

Thank you