public disclosure authorized e837 v. 1documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... · large area of about...

E837 V. 1November 2003

ROMANIA

HAZARD RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

November 2003

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Executive Summary

INTRODUCTION

Background. Romania is severely exposed to a range of natural disasters, particularly to therisk of earthquakes and floods causing economic and human losses across the country. Theexpected annual property loss from earthquakes and floods is estimated at around US$400million. Since 1908, 14 earthquakes of magnitude VII or greater and 8 major floods wererecorded affecting almost 2 million people and causing massive economic losses. The 1977earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale, resulted in economic losses well in excess ofUS$2 billion, while the July 1991 flood caused damages estimated at $0.5 billion, affecting alarge area of about 1,400km2, and damaged more than 12,000 buildings, 990 km of roads, 14 kmof railroads, and 150 bridges. More recent floods, in 1997 and 1998, caused damages estimatedat US$310 million and US$150 million respectively.

The Government of Romania requested the Bank assistance through the HRMEP project with anobjective to reduce the environmental, social, financial and economic vulnerability to naturaldisasters and water pollution accidents from mining activities through: (i) strengthening theinstitutional and technical capacity for disaster management and emergency response; (ii)implementing risk reduction measures for floods, landslides and earthquakes; (iii) improving thesafety of dams; and (iv) mitigating the environmental impacts of accidental spills and release ofhazardous materials in the Danube River and Black Sea Basins.

It is envisaged that the project will consisted of the following components and activities:

Component A: Strengthening of Disaster Management CapacityComponent B: Earthquake Risk ReductionComponent C: Flood and Landslide Risk ReductionComponent D: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin

Environmental Impact. The potential environmental impact of the project has been assessed inthe preparatory stage, and its findings, along with the monitoring and mitigation measures arepresented in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project and consisting of threevolumes.

The activities envisaged under the Strengthening of Disaster Management Capacity componentconcentrate on modernization of information technology and communications systems, planningand training efforts, promotion of public awareness and preparedness, and technical assistance tofeasibility work and institutional framework for launching of the Romanian CatastropheInsurance Program. Therefore, the preparation of the EMP was not required for this component.The executive summary of the EMP for each of the three project components is presented below.

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Executive Sumnary

EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT (VOLUME I)

The Earthquake Risk Reduction subcomponent will focus on the physical strengthening-bothstructural and non-structural-of critical public facilities and lifelines-those that have aparamount role in the emergency response and preparedness system, or are essential for thecountry's social functioning. As this involves construction work, the project is assigned"Environmental Category Rating B". Selection criteria for critical buildings for investmentunder the project were established during project preparation. A pool of buildings that meet theagreed criteria was then established. From this pool, final selection, design and retrofitting ofbuildings for investment will be undertaken during project implementation. Although the exactbuildings to be retrofitted will not be selected until the implementation process, the range ofpotential environmental impacts can be identified and planning for their mitigation andmonitoring can be described generically.

The construction works are limited to the structural strengthening-seismic retrofitting-ofexisting public use buildings. This means increasing the capacity of the structural frame to resistlarger external forces than those for which the building was originally designed. Conventionally,this involves increasing the size of elements such as columns and beams, and/or adding materialto existing walls or the addition of new structural elements. Some existing material must usuallybe removed and discarded for this work, but it is minimal. Less conventional methods use energyabsorbing devices that can be installed with very little intervention in the structure itself, andeven less discarded material, and is appropriate for buildings of special architectural and culturalvalue.

Potential Environmental Impacts. The project is expected to have a net positiveenvironmental impact by reducing the risk of damage and collapse of the selected buildings as aresult of earthquakes, a direct positive public safety impact.

Potential environmental risks normally resulting from construction works on existing buildingsinclude:

o handling and disposal of hazardous materials that may be encountered in the course ofretrofitting, such as asbestos,

o the disposal of normal construction debris,o production of dust and noise, and disruption of normal activities at and near the

construction site, ando possible negative impacts on buildings with cultural importance.

Local and Central government approvals are required at the preliminary design stage, whichobliges the responsible agency and its designers to address the full range of environmental issuesraised by the proposed investment. In addition, all project construction contracts will includemitigation procedures, and will detail the responsibilities of the contractor in following these andlocal regulations. Requirements of the inspection, identification, and handling of hazardousmaterials and construction debris will be include in procurement documents.

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Executive Summary

Dedicated Mitigation and Monitoring Plans will be followed for the historical buildings.Romania has a well-developed cultural heritage protection system with responsibility formonitoring and enforcement generated by the Ministry of Culture and Creeds (MOCC). For theproject, MOCC and MTCT have appointed a working group to enable timely review anddiscussion of project investments in order to avoid bureaucratic delays and surprises in theapproval process.

The Project Management Unit (PMU) will ensure that hazardous materials handling and disposalregulations are understood by local authorities and are followed on site. Adherence toconstruction site environmental regulations will be required of contractors with regard to safety,noise, dust and other possible pollution issues during the construction period. To the extentpossible, the retrofitting designs and the construction work will be planned to minimizedisruption of critical facilities such as hospitals and teaching facilities; a schedule will bedeveloped to minimize impacts in consultation with project affected beneficiaries, during theconsultation process that is envisioned for each building, to establish together how theretrofitting works should be accomplished (complete evacuation, partially evacuation splittingthe building in convenient functional units or using methods targeted on the exterior of thebuilding).

Institutional Strengthening. Training programs and seminars will be organized periodically fortechnical staff of PMU, local consultants and contractor's staff, assuring the environmentalrequirement stipulated in Romanian environmental law and with respect to monitoring andevaluation of environmental data requested under the Project.

Institutional Arrangements. The implementation of project will be achieved with respect tothe Specific regulatory framework for environmental protection and the General regulatoryframework for construction activities in force in Romania

Implementation of EMP. The environmental impact mitigation and monitoring activities willbe carried out in parallel with the construction activities. As these are existing facilities that arealready under operation, the project will not monitor operations after implementation of theretrofitting activities.

Collection of Data: monitoring data will be collected by Local Consultants/County Office ofMAFWE and transferred to the PMU with monthly reports.

Analysis of Data: will be carried out by the PMU. The results of the analysis will be used tocheck the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigationplan.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PMU environment specialist andforwarded to the PMU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticing any unusual situation,the report will be sent to the Directorate of PMU for immediate action to take measures.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures, informingthe relevant authorities, are taken by the PMU.

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Executive Summary

Public Consultation: The PMU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsibleauthorities. The task force will arrange the public consultation meetings with the projectstakeholders.

FLOOD AND LANDSLIDE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT (VOLUME II)

Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246 large damsaccording to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated flood mitigation facilities aswell as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk. The investments which areproposed under this component have been selected during a prioritization process and consist ofrehabilitation, refurbishment and modernization of flood protection works in areas with highflood vulnerability. For all investments an environmental assessment has been conducted andpublic consultation process completed.

Environmental Conditions of Affected Areas. No investment is situated within sensitive orprotected areas. No protected species, which could possibly be affected by the sub-projects, havebeen identified.

Environmental Impact. No major environmental impacts have been identified. For theidentified minor environmental impacts, which are all related to the construction period, anEnvironmental Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures has been developed. Theassessed investments meet all environmental requirements of the World Bank and Romaniaregulations.

The majority of projects are located in areas that range below the Romanian average in terms ofincome and employment situation. Most of them will have a strong positive social impact byconsiderably improving living conditions in the project area by reducing vulnerability to floods,while negative impacts due to the project implementation remain minimal. Projectimplementation is expected reduce a danger of floods and increase the amount of water availablefor households and the economy. This is expected to raise the attractiveness of the areas also fornew investors.

Disclosure and Public Consultations. The public consultations meetings for the investmentswere conducted in May-June 2003. Prior to the meetings, the draft EMP and the more specifictechnical information on the investments in Romanian language were disclosed at publiclyaccessible places, such as libraries, city halls, etc., and people living in the project areas, as wellas NGOs were invited to the meetings through the local radio announcements and pressadvertisements. The minutes of all meetings were prepared and attached to the EMP. Theplanned investments did not raise any objections nor controversies. In fact, the projects arekeenly awaited by the population living under the risk of floods.

The EMP has been used by the Apele Romane (Romanian Water Authority) and SNIF (LandReclamation Office) to receive a so-called programmatic environmental permit from theMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry, Waters and Environment (MAFWE), which will be valid untilthe final environmental permit is issued. According to Romanian legislation, the final

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Executive Summary

environmental permit is the last stage in the investment preparation before the implementation.It will only be issued once the detailed design is available.

RISK REDUCTION OF MINING ACCIDENTS IN TISZA BASIN COMPONENT(VOLUME III)

The EMP for the component focuses on the proposed physical interventions. It identifies theenvironmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures for most of the prevention andremediation activities in connection with the two high-priority sites identified during the initialphase of the project, i.e., Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa mines.

During the preparatory stage of the project, the following remediation measures have beenidentified:

(i) Provision on high-head pumping facilities at Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei TDF) and BaiaBorsa (Novat TDF) to provide back up against overtopping failure

(ii) Provision of acid rock drainage (ARD) water treatment facilities downstream of RosiaPoieni (Valea Sesei and Stefancei TDFs) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) tailings dams toreduce the acidity of discharged waters

(iii) Communication improvements, including improvements to access road.(iv) Dam stabilization

Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. Without implementation of the project, thecurrent situation of high risk of catastrophic mining accidents in transboundary rivers wouldincrease. It is anticipated that the works associated with the hazard prevention and remediationmeasures will have no significant impact on surroundings and most disruptions will be localizedsince most of the construction works will be done in properties owned by the mining companiesand on the site of the existing tailings dams facilities.

Currently, feasibility studies are being conducted to identify the most appropriate measures thatthe project will support on the basis of comprehensive risk assessment analysis.

Institutional Arrangements. In Romania, there are environmental regulations in force thatmakes control and supervision of construction works mandatory. Contracts and bill of quantitieswill include clauses for appropriate disposal of unacceptable construction material and disposalof construction waste. Procurement documents will specify that no environmentally unacceptablematerials will be used.

Development of the EMP. Project Identification. Once the feasibility studies are completed andthe specific hazard mitigation activity is determined, the case-specific implementation of theEMP will be prepared by the Mine Operator, the local Environmental Inspectorate and ApeleRomane. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) under the National Agency for MineralResources (NAMR) will review the project definition and supervise the implementation.

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Executive Sunmmary

Environmental Screening. The criteria to determine if and how detailed the environmentalanalysis will be needed are laid down in recently adopted Romanian legislation, which is inconcurrence with the EU regulations.

Environmental Documentation. After the project is screened, a decision is made by the localEnvironmental inspectorates as to what type of documentation will be required to addressenvironmental issues.

Review and Approval. The documentation for the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operatorand sent to the local Environmental Inspectorates for review and approval.

Public Consultation. The PIU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsibleauthorities. The task force will arrange the legally required public consultation meetings with theproject stakeholders.

Disclosure. All environmental documentation is generally available to interested parties at thelocal Environmental Inspectorates, who are responsible for making it available and disclosing itto the public. The NAMR will receive key documents, including the EMP belongs, forinformation.

Implementation of the EMP. During implementation of the EMP the steps sketched below willbe followed.

o Data is monitored and collected by technical field personnel of Mine Operators, ApeleRomane, and Environmental inspectorates.

o Data analysis is performed by specialist staff (or outsourced to external consultants) ofthe Mine Operator and supported by the local Environmental Inspectorates. The latter arealso responsible for reporting and disclosure, as well as archiving and maintenance of theinformation.

o The local Environmental Inspectorate evaluates the report and recommends action to theMine Operator. This will be implemented by the Mine Management and supervised andcontrolled by local Environmental and Mining Authorities.

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Executive Summary

8

Volume I: Earthquake Risk Reduction Component

ROMANIA

HAZARD RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANAND

ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

Volume 1: EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION COMPONENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Potential Environmental Impacts

A. Mitigation Plan

A . Mitigation Plan for the historical buildings

B. Monitoring Plan

B . Monitoring Plan for the historical buildings

C. Institutional Strengthening

D. Schedule

E. Institutional Arrangements

F. Consultations with Project Affected Groups (Beneficiaries)

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Introduction

The Earthquake Risk Reduction subcomponent will focus on the physical strengthening-bothstructural and non-structural-of critical public facilities and lifelines-those that have aparamount role in the emergency response and preparedness system, or are essential for thecountry's social functioning. This includes but not limited to emergency hospitals, ambulancecenters, fire stations, command stations, education facilities, child protection chenters, and townhalls.

As this involves construction work, the project is assigned "Environmental Category Rating B".Selection criteria for critical buildings for investment under the project were established duringproject preparation. A pool of buildings that meet the agreed criteria was then established. Fromthis pool, final selection, design and retrofitting of buildings for investment will be undertakenduring project implementation. Although the exact buildings to be retrofitted will not be selecteduntil the implementation process, the range of potential environmental impacts can be identifiedand planning for their mitigation and monitoring can be described generically.

The construction works are limited to the structural strengthening-seismic retrofitting-ofexisting public use buildings. This means increasing the capacity of the structural frame to resistlarger external forces than those for which the building was originally designed. Conventionally,this involves increasing the size of elements such as columns and beams, and/or adding materialto existing walls or the addition of new structural elements. Some existing material must usuallybe removed and discarded for this work, but it is minimal. Less conventional methods use energyabsorbing devices that can be installed with very little intervention in the structure itself, andeven less discarded material, and is appropriate for buildings of special architectural and culturalvalue.

Potential Environmental Impacts

The project is expected to have a net positive environmental impact by reducing the risk ofdamage and collapse of the selected buildings as a result of earthquakes-a direct positive publicsafety impact.

Potential environmental risks that normally follow from construction works on existing buildingsinclude: (a) handling and disposal of hazardous materials that may be encountered in the courseof retrofitting, such as asbestos, (b) the disposal of normal construction debris, (c) production ofdust and noise, and disruption of normal activities at and near the construction site, and (d)possible negative impacts of altering buildings of cultural importance.

Alternatives considered include new technologies that can improve seismic resistance with lessinvasive technologies than conventional construction. These will be applied where appropriatein the project. All buildings and the proposed interventions have been reviewed with an eye tocost effectiveness. No buildings will be retrofitted if the cost estimate is more than 50% of itsreplacement cost.

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The construction regulatory process in Romania addresses hazardous materials, debris disposal,impacts at the site, and cultural heritage impacts. Local and Central government approvals arerequired at the preliminary design stage, which obliges the responsible agency and its designersto address the full range of environmental issues raised by the proposed investment. In addition,all project construction contracts will include mitigation procedures, and will detail theresponsibilities of the contractor in following these and local regulations. During technicalevaluation of the structures and followed by the design work, attention to the identification andremoval of hazardous materials will be highlighted as items to be included in the civil works.Requirements of the inspection, identification, and handling of hazardous materials andconstruction debris will be include in procurement documents, requiring contractors to takeadequate precautionary and mitigating measures if materials identified as hazardous by Ministryof Agriculture, Forest, Water and Environment (MAFWE) are encountered.

The PIU will ensure that hazardous materials handling and disposal regulations are understoodby local authorities and are followed on site. Adherence to construction site environmentalregulations will be required of contractors with regard to safety, noise, dust and other possiblepollution issues during the construction period. To the extent possible, the retrofitting designsand the construction work will be planned to minimize disruption of critical facilities such ashospitals and teaching. facilities: a schedule will be developed to minimize impacts inconsultation with project beneficiaries, during the consultation process that is envisioned foreach building.

As the project will affect only existing facilities that are already operational, it will not monitoroperations after implementation of the retrofitting activities. Structural strengthening does notrequire services other than normal building maintenance, which is a part of the operationalprograms for public buildings.

Romania has a well-developed cultural heritage protection system with responsibility formonitoring and enforcement vested in the Ministry of Culture and Creeds (MOCC)). A new Law(#422 of 2001) governs the protection of historical monuments, setting forth departmental rolesand responsibilities. The Ministry's Directorate of Historic Monuments must approve alltechnical documentation for buildings that are officially listed, and can call specialists asmembers of a Consultative Board, as needed. Designers, contractors and site supervisionengineers working on an investment project that involves an historic monument must be pre-certified and listed by the MOCC. 125 designers are listed in Romania for this purpose. For theproject, MOCC and MTCT have appointed a working group to enable timely review anddiscussion of project investments in order to avoid bureaucratic delays and surprises in theapproval process.

See section C, D, E, and F for implementation details.



A. MITIGATION PLAN

Cost Institutional CommentsResponsibility

Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I. Design and Infrastructure services All buildings already existPlanning and are connected to existing NA NA NA

infrastructure networks.

II. Construction Dust raised at the During dry periods sprinide NA Covered by Contractorsconstruction sites, and the roads with water (for constructionfrom material carrying maintaining the cleaning of budgettrucks. the streets - the Law of

Environment Protectionnr.137/1995, art.61, a; art.47,e)

Noise generated by Compliance with existing NA Covered by Contractorsconstruction machinery. legislation, such as the Law construction

of Environment Protection budgetI nr.137/1995, art.43, d

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2 3 4 5 6 7

Disposal of solid wastes a) Collection at certain Minor andin compliance with the locations in the construction NA covered by ContractorsLaw of Environment site constructionProtection nr. 137/1995, budgetart.23

b) Identification, handling Covered byand disposal of hazardous NA construction Contractorsconstruction materials in budgetcompliance with Lawnr.426/2001 for the approvalof the GovernmentOrdinance nr.78/2000 onwaste treatment

c) Disposal to licensed Covered bylandfill areas of the NA construction Contractorsmunicipalities budget

d) Recycling of excavated Coveredmaterials; i.e. utilization of NA within Contractorsexcavated soil for landfills construction

budget

Using closest licensed CoveredQuarries quarries (if it is required to NA within Contractors

use a quarry) constructionbudget I

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pedestrian traffic Planning of traffic on the Covered PIU located in MTCT*disruption sidewalks and placing of NA constructi Contractors

appropriate traffic signs. on budget(Only in the case of thebuildings bordering thepublic domain)

III. Operation (after NAhanding over of the Existing facilities)retrofitted buildings tothe beneficiaries)

* MTCT - Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism** MAFWE - Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water and Environment

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A*. MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGSSpecific issues stipulated for the historical buildings in the Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001 are listedbelow:

Cost Institutional Responsibility CommentsPhase Issue Mitigating Measure Install Operate Install Operate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I. Design and Planning Intervention To be done on basis NA Covered MOCCto the and respecting the withhistorical permit given by MOCC constructionbuildings in compliance with the budget

Law for Preservation ofHistorical Heritage no.422 / 2001, chapter III,art. 22

Retrofitting To be done in NA NA Design supervisor engineersdesign compliance with the who have a specificsupervision Law for Preservation of qualification in the field of

Historical Heritage no. historical buildings, certified422 / 2001, chapter III, by MOCC

I art. 24 _ _ _

MOCC = Ministry of Culture and Creeds

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1[. Construction Cultural and To institute a NA Covered PIU located in MTCT andhistorical assets protection zone in with the County Office for(if any met during compliance with the construction Cultureexcavation) Law for Preservation of budget

Historical Heritage no.422 / 2001, art.8 and 25

Retrofitting To have the permit for NA NA Local authorities offices onlyactivities the execution works in on basis and with respect of

compliance with the the permit given by MCCLaw for Preservation ofHistorical Heritage no.422 / 2001, art.24

Permanent site NA NA MCC, through registered andsupervising actions in licensed site-supervisorcompliance with the engineers belonging toLaw for Preservation of regional/county structuresHistorical Heritage no. (inspection offices) of the422 / 2001, art.24 ministry

Technical surveys To be done in NA NA Registered and licensedcompliance with the technical experts who have aLaw for Preservation of specific qualification in theHistorical Heritage no. field of historical buildings,422 / 2001, chapter III, certified by MCCart. 24 _ _

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B. MONITORING PLAN

Cost ResponsibilityPhase What Where is the How is the When Why is the

parameter parameter to parameter is the parameter to beis to be be to be parameter monitored? Install Operate Install and operate

monitored? monitored? monitored? to bemonitored?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9I. Planning and This phase has akeady been completed by taking into consideration the mitigation measures mentioned in "Mitigation Plan"Design

II. Construction Dust At Visual On daily To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmentalconstruction basis with the Law of budget specialist insites Environment cooperation with

Protection associated Consultants.nr.137/1995, art.43 a The monitoringand e and to mitigate activities will beany potential negative carried out in closeenvironmental consultation withimpacts MAFWE

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Noise Near Portable During To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmentalconstruction noise constructi with the Law of budget specialist insites meters on Environment cooperation with PIU

used by activities Protection and associatedthe nr.137/1995, art.43, Consultants;County d; Contractors. TheOffice of art.47, e and to monitoring activitiesMAFWE mitigate any potential will be carried out in

negative close consultation withenvironmental MAFWE through theimpacts County Office of

MAFWE

Collection At the Visual On To assure compliance NA PIU PIU's environmentalof solid construction weekly with the Law of budget specialist inwastes site basis Environment cooperation with PIU

Protection and associatednr.137/1995, art.23 Consultants. Theand to mitigate any monitoring activitiespotential negative will be carried out inenvironmental close consultation withimpacts MAFWETo assure compliance

Disposal At the Visual On with the Law of NA Budgetof solid disposal sites weekly Environment of the Relevant municipalitieswastes basis Protection relevant

nr.137/1995, art.23 municipand to mitigate any alitypotential negativeenvironmentalimpacts

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Recycling At the Visual On To follow the state of NA Coveredof construction weekly good practice in with the Contractorsexcavated site or for basis construction works budgetmaterial landfills of

construction

Material At the Designer's Before the To mitigate potential NA PIU PIU's environmentalsupply quarries and review of constructi negative impacts budget specialist

concrete the on beginsplants licenses

andinspectionof quality

Transporta At the Utilization On daily To mitigate potential NA PIU PIU's environmentaltion of construction of the basis negative impacts budget specialist andmaterials site designated associated Consultant

routes,

III. Operation NA(Existingfacilities)

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B*. MONITORING PLAN FOR THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Cost ResponsibilityPhase What Where is the How is the When is Why is the

parameter parameter to parameter the parameter to beis to be be to be parameter monitored? Install Operate Install and operate

monitored? monitored? monitored? to bemonitored?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9I. Planning and This phase has already been completed by taking into consideration the mitigation measures mentioned in "MitigationDesign Plan"

II. Construction Historical At the Visual Periodical To preserve the NA PIU and PIU's environmentaland construction ly related historical and MCC specialist in cooperation

cultural sites to cultural assets budget with specialists from theassets execution according to the County Office of MOCC

phases Law 422/2001,chapter I -Preservation ofhistorical assets

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C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

1. Training

Training programs will be designed for PIU Office and local consultants andcontractor's staff, such as the engineers and technicians designated for carrying outenvironmental mitigation and monitoring activities.The environmental specialist of the PIU who is responsible for assuring that theenvironmental requirements as stipulated in Romanian environmental law andregulations are followed, and who is experienced in organizing training seminars withrespect to monitoring and evaluation of environmental data, will organize andimplement such training programs.

The technical staff of PIU and the consultants who will be delegated with theresponsibility of the environmental specialist for the monitoring of mitigation activitiesat the sites shall be attending the training programs and the workshops organizedperiodically.

The training programs will cover the current legislation related to the environment, themitigation measures to be taken and the techniques of sampling and analysis, and thesessions will last approximately one day. They will be organized in the PIU and in theconstruction sites. At least one person from each consulting firm and from the PIUOffice is designated for the environmental monitoring in each of the construction sitesto participate in the meetings. For these programs, there will not be any additional costto the allocated budget.

2. Consultant Services

The PIU will assign an Environmental Specialist on Staff. No consultant services forenvironmental institutional strengthening are envisioned within this project.

3. Equipment Purchases

No new equipment will be purchased within this project. Monitoring activities aremainly being carried out on a visual basis during retrofitting period.

D. SCHEDULE

The environmental impact mitigation and monitoring activities will be carried out inparallel with the construction activities. They will start together with the starting ofmobilization and will be completed after the demobilization. For example,

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Volume II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

identification and handling of hazardous materials, generation of dust and noise,transportation of material, etc., will be monitored throughout the retrofitting period.Landscaping activities shall be carried out after the finishing of retrofitting works, ifrequired. As these are existing facilities that are already under operation, the projectwill not monitor operations after implementation of the retrofitting activities.

E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Specific regulatory framework for environmental protection

* The Law of Environment Protection nr. 137/1995(Art. 19. - The central authority and the environment protection agency,

depending on the situation, survey and control the conformity of the regulationsconcerning the hazardous materials and wastes.Art. 22. - The companies and the individuals have the following responsibilities:b) to ask for the accept and/or for the environmental authorization and to applythe regulations concerning the hazardous materials and wastes.Art.23. - h) the authorization procedure for the location and the construction of thedeposits, the transport, the incineration, the treatment and the utilization of everykind of wastes.)Art. 25. - The local public administration authorities, the individuals and thecompanies, having in their field of activities the 23 article's regulations, has thefollowing responsibilities: a) to ask for the accept and/or the environmentalauthorization, according to art.23.h.)

* The Governmental Decision nr.124/2003 concerning the prevention, reductionand control of the environment pollution with asbestos, item 9- (2), (3); 11; 12-(1).(Art. 9. - (2) The titular of the activities that implies the presence of the asbestoshas the responsibility to do periodically measurements of the asbestos emissionsin water and air. (3) The compliance survey and control of the activities titular,which implies the local public authorities in charge with environment protection,perform the presence of the asbestos within the admissible limits of thoseemissions.Art. 11. - The titular of the activities that implies the presence of the asbestos havethe responsibility to take measures to ensure that: a) the activities implyingworking with asbestos products are not an important source of environmentpollution with asbestos fibers or dust; b) the demolition of the building, structuresand installations containing asbestos and the elimination of the asbestos or of thematerials that contain asbestos don't pollute significantly the environment withasbestos; c) the transport and the storage of the wastes containing asbestos dustand/or fibers aren't accompanied by emissions in air of asbestos dust and/or fibersand by the dispersal of liquids containing asbestos fibers; d) the disposal of thewastes containing asbestos dust and/or fibers is made together with the treatment,

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the stowage or the adequate coverage, taking into account the local conditions,so that the environment pollution with asbestos can be prevented.Art. 12. - (1) To protect the environment and the population health, from January1, 2007 all the commercial activities, the activities that use asbestos and theproducts containing asbestos are forbidden.)

* Law for Preservation of Historical Heritage no. 422 / 2001* The Government Ordinance nr.78/2000 on waste treatment* Law nr.426/2001 for the approval of the Government Ordinance nr.78/2000 on

waste treatment* The Decision nr.124/2003 concerning the prevention, reduction and control of the

environment pollution with asbestos

General regulatory framework for constructions

* Code for a-seisemic design P 100/1992; addition to and amendment ofChapters 11 and 12 made in 1966- Provision on the survey of existingbuildings for the assessment of the protection level

* The Law concerning the quality of design and execution of works inconstructions nr.10/1995

* The Law 50/1991 regarding the authorization of works (permits and licenses),completed and modified by Law nr. 401/2003.

Collection of Data: Monitoring data will be collected by the PIU Office, IndividualConsultants and County Office of MAPM from relevant districts (Municipality Councilof Bucharest, County Councils of Vrancea, Bacau, Braila, Buzau, Calarasi, Dambovita,Dolj, Galati, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Prahova, Teleorman, Tulcea, Vaslui; and the LocalOffices of MAPM) when required. The collected data will be transferred to the ProjectDirectorate of PIU with monthly reports prepared by those.

Analysis of Data: Data will be filed in the PIU and analysis of data will be carried outby the Project Directorate of PIU. The results of the analysis will be used to check theeffectiveness of mitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigationplan.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PIU environmentspecialist and forwarded to the PIU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticingany unusual situation, the report will be sent to the Directorate of PIU for immediateaction to take measures. The format for the quarterly reports shall be prepared by theenvironmental specialist of PIU in order to provide comparable and compatiblemonitoring data from different retrofitting sites.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures,informing the relevant authorities, etc. are taken by the PIU.

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Volune II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

F. CONSULTATIONS WITH PROJECT AFFECTED GROUPS (BENEFICIARIES)

- A task force will be initiated and will be in relation with the responsible authorities.The task force will consult the project beneficiaries for each building to be retrofitted.

- According to the needs of beneficiaries, the retrofitting works may be accomplishedone or several of the following ways:

* The building is completely evacuated for retrofitting works* The building is split in convenient functional units, partially evacuated and

retrofitted one unit at time (the possibility of the beneficiary to retrofit the buildingat the right time and to carry on the daily activities in a satisfactory way)

* For buildings such as some hospitals, which cannot be evacuated, the retrofittingworks will be carried out with appropriate methods, targeted on the exterior of thebuildings, use non-invasive technologies, or be phase to avoid evacuation.

24


Romania -Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project

Environmental Assessment Category B


Volume II - Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

Preparation of subprojects reports by

Aquaproiect.SASpl. Independentei 29477703 Bucuresti 6

S.C. Aquacon Proiect.SA SibiuStr. Stefan cel Mare nr. 18Sibiu- Romania

iSPiF SASoseaua Oltnitei 35-37, sector IV79656 Bucuresti

Review of EMP by

KWI Management Consultants & Auditors GmbHFuhrmannsgasse 3-7A-3 100 St. P6lten - Austria

Intergroup Engineering SRL5 Zboina Neagra, bl. 98, ap 4RO- Bucharest 6

25


Executive summary

a) Floods often affect Romania and there is a tendency for increased flood leveland frequency in the last decade. Floods have occurred in about 50 % of the years duringthe last 100 years. During the past decade, floods were recorded almost every year. In the1990's between 1992 and 2001 floods in some parts of the country resulted in significanthuman losses and material losses. Between 1997 and 2001 the total material lossesamounted to US$ 582.9 million. A total of 1.3 million ha and approx. 500,000 people areat serious risk of being flooded every year.

b) In general, the water regime of the Romanian rivers is characterized by highflows during February through May and low flows during the rest of the year. Repeatedand intense floods constitute one of the characteristics of the hydrologic system. Thehighest frequency of floods is found during the March-June period, while the leastfrequency during January and August till September.

c) Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246large dams according to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated floodmitigation facilities as well as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk.Besides the hydraulic structures, that are held by the National Water Authority "ApeleRomane" there is a number of structures that are administered by the National LandReclamation Company "SNIF" (both organized under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest,Water and the Environment).

d) The Government of Romania has a good understanding of hazards associatedwith floods. Areas being at risk are identified and mapped. Apele Romane has a completeassessment of investment needs for the flood mitigation works to reduce the flooddamage in high-risk communities. The projects which are proposed under this componenthave been selected during a prioritization process.

e) The project consists of 25 sub-projects for rehabilitation, refurbishment andmodernization of the existing works, and new investments. The sub-projects have beenclassified into the following sub-components:

B.2. 1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure - Apele RomaneB.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River - SNIFB.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams - Apele RomaneB.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams - Apele Romane

Only the projects within sub-component B.2.1 are new investments, the projects withinthe other sub-components are refurbishment measures for existing hydraulic structures.For all 25 projects an environmental assessment has been conducted.

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f) Environmental Conditions of affected areas: No sub-project is situated withinsensitive or protected areas. No protected species, that could possibly be affected by thesub-projects, have been identified.

g) Environmental Impact: no major environmental impacts have been identified.For the identified minor environmental impacts, which are all related to the constructionperiod, an Environmental Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures hasbeen developed. The assessed sub-projects do meet all environmental requirements givenby the World Bank and by Romania.

h) Projects at international waterways: for six sub-projects the OP 7.50 applies,three of these projects are new investments. The affected riparian countries are Moldova,Hungary, the Ukraine and Serbia. The notification process for these countries is currentlyunder way.

i) The majority of projects are located in areas that range below the Romanianaverage in terms of income and employment situation. Most of the projects will have astrong positive social impact by considerably improving the situation of the people livingin the project area, while negative impacts due to the project implementation remainminimal. Project implementation is expected reduce the danger of floods and increase theamount of water available for households and the economy. This is expected to raise theattractiveness of the areas also for new investors.

j) Disclosure and Public consultations: the people and NGOs who are affectedby the assessed sub-projects have been consulted for six projects in the past. Noobjections have been raised according to Romanian authorities, but no minutes of theseconsultations are available. Therefore it has been decided that a second round of publicconsultations is required. These meetings have been conducted in May and June 2003.Prior to the meetings available environmental information from the EMP (i.e. a summaryof the draft EMP report and of the relevant project specific appendices in Romanianlanguage) has been disclosed at publicly accessible places (libraries, city halls etc.) andthe interested inhabitants and NGOs of the area have been invited to the meetings throughadvertisements in the local press and through local radio broadcasts. No objections havebeen raised against any of the projects during these meetings. The minutes of themeetings have been attached to the EMP report.

k) This document has been used by the Apele Romane and SNIF to receive a so-called programmatic environmental permit from the Ministry of the Environment, whichwill be valid until the final environmental permit is issued. This final environmentalpermit is the last stage in project preparation before project implementation according toRomanian legislation. It will only be issued once the detail design for a sub-projects isavailable.

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Table of content

1 Introduction ......................................... 322 Project description .34

2.1 Investment Portfolio .342.2 Planned Interventions .38

2.2.1 Sub-component B.2.1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood ProtectionInfrastructure .382.2.2 Sub-component B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the DanubeRiver 472.2.3 Sub-component B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams .. 502.2.4 Sub-component B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams .. 59

3 Legal and Institutional Framework ......................................... 654 Environmental Impacts .......................................... 70

4.1 Air ......................................... 704.2 Noise ......................................... 714.3 Water ......................................... 714.4 Waste ......................................... 714.5 Fauna and Flora ......................................... 724.6 Soil ......................................... 724.7 Historical and cultural assets ......................................... 724.8 Population ......................................... 724.9 Social impact ......................................... 734.10 Conclusion on Environmental and Social Impacts . ............................. 73

5 Mitigation Plan ......................................... . 746 Monitoring plan .. 777 Institutional Strengthening .. 808 Public Consultations ............. 81

List of TablesTable 1: Mitigation Plan .76Table 2: Monitoring Plan .79Table 3: Public consultations status matrix ........................................... 83

List of FiguresFigure 1: Locations of proposed projects .37

List of ImagesImage 1: Bank Erosion at the Bega river .41Image 2: Bank erosion at Bentu has reached the dikes toe .47Image 3: Bank erosion at Bordusani .48Image 4: Deteriorated concrete facing at Varsolt dam .51Image 5: Hydraulic structures downstream of Maneciu dam .53Image 6: Poiana Uzului dam .56

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Volune 1I: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

List of Appendices

Appendix 1 Project specific EMP information and minutes ofpublic consultations

Appendix 2 References

Appendix 3 Project prioritization summary of ApeleRomane and SNIF

Appendix 4 Status of the harmonization of Romanianlegislation with the environmental legistlation ofthe European Union as of July 2003

Appendix 5 Additional information by project designers onRomanian environmental procedures andstandard environmental contract condition

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List of Abbreviations

CONSIB Consiliul National de Supraveghere §i Inspectie a Barajelor(National Commision for Dam Supervision and Inspection)

EC Commission of the European UnionEA Environment AssessmentEM Environmental ManagementEMO Environmental Management OfficeEMP Environmental Management PlanEMP Environmental Management PlanEO Emergency OrdinanceEPI (IPM) Environmental Protection Inspectorate (Inspectoratul de Protectie

a Mediului)ES Environmental SupervisorEU European UnionGD Government DecisionISPIF Design and studies Institute for Land Reclamation (Institutul de

Studii si Proiectari pentru Imbunatatiri Funciare)MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Food and ForestMO Ministerial OrderMWEP (MAPM) Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection (Ministerul

Apelor si Protectiei Mediului)MWFEP (MAPPM) Former name of MWEP meaning Ministry of Water, Forest and

Environmental (Ministerul Apelor, Padurilor si ProtectieiMediului)

NCAR (CNAR) National Company "Apele Romane" (Compania Nationala"Apele Romane"). Recently, the Water Central Authority's namehas been changed to "National Administration Apele Romane(NAAR)

NRL Normal Retention LevelNSLR National Society for Land ReclamationOM Official MonitorPIU Project Implementation UnitPPH 98 World Bank's Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook

1998 including UpdatesSA Societate pe Actiuni (on Share Company)SC Societate Comerciala (Commercial Company)SNIF National Company for Land ReclamationTDS Total Dissolved SolidsTOR Terms of ReferenceWB World BankWD (DA) Water Directorate (Directia Apelor); WD are organized at each

basin levelWMS (SGA) Water Management System (Sistemul de Gospodarire a Apelor)

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Glossary of hydrotechnical terms

5-Year FloodA high frequency, low elevation flood with an average chance of one out of five (20%) ofoccurring in any one year. A 5-year flood generally extends out of the stream bank.100-Year FloodA flood with an average probability of occurring once during a one hundred year period.Alternatively, it is a flood with one chance out of 100 (1%) of occurring in any one year.Two 1 00-year floods could occur in the same year.500-Year FloodA flood with an average probability of occurring once during a five hundred year period.Alternatively, it is a flood with one chance out of 500 (.2%) of occurring in any one year.Two 500-year floods could occur in the same year.Berm - A horizontal ledge cut into or at the top or bottom of an earth bank or cutting, toensure the safety of a long slope.Blister - A cover of impermeable soil that rises from water pressure. If punctured, ablister can become a boil.Boil - A concentration of seepage in one spot, usually caused by pressure from the riveron a strata of coarse sand or gravel.Dike - a dike is a compacted embankment built alongside a river for the purpose ofpreventing high water from flooding the adjoining land.Overtopping - When Water reaches greater height than the dike.Ponding - A type of drainage management which allows natural depressions to serve astemporary water-holding areas until the pumping system can pump the water away. Ifthese ponding areas are improved, they should be called storage areas or reservoirs.Relief Well - A well drilled into the landward side of a dike to relieve ground pressure.This is done usually to protect a structure from floating or from ground movement.Revetment - A facing of stone, concrete, or even such materials as tires, placed on ariverbank or dike to protect them from erosion.Riprap - Material, usually rock, placed on slope or bank to prevent erosion.Scour - Erosion caused by rapid flow of water.Tide Box - A hinged plate that allows water to flow one way through a structure.Toe - Bottom of dike slope.Toe Drain - Either a pipe or open ditch along the foot of the landward side of a dike tocarry off seepage. This prevents saturation of the dike.Wave Wash - Erosion caused by waves.

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Introduction

Floods often affect Romania and there is a tendency for increased flood level andfrequency in the last decade. Floods have occurred in about 50 % of the years during thelast 100 years. During the past decade, floods were recorded almost every year. In the1990's between 1992 and 2001 floods in some parts of the country resulted in significanthuman losses and material losses. Between 1997 and 2001 the total material lossesamounted to US$ 582.9 million. A total of 1.3 million ha and approx. 500,000 people areat serious risk of being flooded every year.

In general, the water regime of the Romanian rivers is characterized by high flows duringFebruary through May and low flows during the rest of the year. Repeated and intensefloods constitute one of the characteristics of the hydrologic system. The highestfrequency of floods is found during the March-June period, while the least frequencyduring January and August till September.

Romania has a long tradition in building hydraulic structures. There are 246 large damsaccording to common definitions. Today, existing but deteriorated flood mitigationfacilities as well as the still unprotected streams pose the main damage risk. Besides thehydraulic structures, that are held by the National Water Authority "Apele Romane" thereis a number of structures that are administered by the National Land ReclamationCompany "SNIF" (both organized under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forest, Water andthe Environment).

From the information which has been collected during visits at several project sites by theAustrian-Romanian Team for Technical Assistance in Project Preparation the reasons fordam degradation have been investigated. From the available information it can beconcluded that improper design or construction as well as improper maintenance causedthe current status of the hydraulic structures. From the design documentation for the sub-projects that has been made available to the involved Austrian experts for dam safety itcan be assumed that the new designs for reconstruction, rehabilitation and upgrading ofthe existing structures comply with tha international state of the art. It has to be notedhowever, that no detailed check of the sub-project designs has happened so far to confirmthis assumption.

The Government of Romania has a good understanding of hazards associated with floods.Areas being at risk are identified and mapped. Apele Romane and SNIF have a completeassessment of investment needs for the flood mitigation works to reduce the flooddamage in high-risk communities.

The proposed projects are those which have been given highest priority during aprioritization process. A summary of the prioritization process of Apele Romane andSNIF has been added as Appendix 4 to this report.

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The overall objective of the project in the critical need to protect human health andeconomic losses caused by flood, drought or pollution accidents. Currently, the majorityof hydraulic structures subjected in this project needs to be reconsidered for rehabilitationor improvement.

The environmental impact assessments were conducted early in project planning in orderto directly incorporate environmental findings into the decision making process duringpreliminary design. Inasmuch, it represents a snapshot of the Project taken at an earlystage.

The latest Romanian regulations for Environmental Assessment (Government DecisionGD 918/2002 and Ministerial Order MO 860/2002) have been followed as well in orderto also comply with Romanian requirements for Environmental Assessment. The datahave been collected by the EMP authors from the project titleholders, namely the nationalland reclamation Company "SNIF", and the national water authority NAAR ("ApeleRomane"). The data were mainly collected by the designers by means of titleholders fromthe existing studies and from hydraulic structure locations during visits.

EA team has consisted of:* AQUAPROJECT (a designing institute from water management)

which had made studies and designs of the existing dams and impoundmentreservoirs;

* ISPIF (a design institute specialized in land reclamation) which madestudies and designs of the dikes pumping stations and other hydraulicstructures of the proposed project regarding rehabilitation of Flood Protectionat the Danube River;

* AQUACON Sibiu (the former branch of AQUAPROJECT located inSibiu) which prepared projects of the existing dams and rivers regulation;

* The EIA has been supervised by INTERGROUOP Bucharest (dr. MihaiLesnic and dr. Danut Cociorva) and the Austrian consultant Mr. Karl Gruber(KWI Management Consultants & Auditors GmbH), who have compiled thisEMP report from the available information

33


Project description

Under this component 25 subprojects are proposed, which have been classified in 4groups according to subproject characteristics:

B.2. 1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure - Apele RomaneB.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River - SNIFB.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams- Apele RomaneB.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams- Apele Romane

In addition the projects are classified according to the main works foreseen during projectimplementation as follows:

- refurbishment of existing hydraulic structures;- new investments.

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

The following investment portfolio lists all projects as indicated in Figure 1 in the orderof their consecutive number. The numbering is not continuous since it stems from theprioritization process during which a larger number of projects has been assessed. Theorder of listing also reflects the priority of the projects within each sub-component.

No. Sub-Component Cost ProjectType

estimated New /Project Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

B 2.1 Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure(except projects at Danube river)

1 TARNA newTama Mare river fitting out in Tama 740Mare locality, Satu Mare county

2 TARNAVA newRegulation and damming in Tarnava Mica 1.143river on the sector Cetatea de Balta-Blaj,Alba county

3 CIBIN newCibin river regulation in the area downstream 2.322Gura Raului dam at confluence with Olt

mrivr, Sibiu county4 BEGA new

Development of the Bega river and ist 2.397tributaries along Balint - Bethausen sector,

Timis county

34



estimated New IProject Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

5 SLANICRiver Slanic regulation on the sector Slanic-Moldova, Tg. Ocna, Bacau 3,855 newcounty

6 BABADAG 7,550 newDefending Babadag town against floods, Tulcea county

7 VALSAN 1,463 newValsan river regulation on the sector Bradet - Valcele, Arges county

8 PRUT newDevelopment of the Prut river bed in 1.290the Petresti downstream area, Iasi county

9 TELEORMAN-COTMEANA-VEDEA-VEDITA newFlood protection development of Teleorman, Cotmeana, Vedea and 7.366Vedita river in area of the affected localities Arges, Olt and TeleormanCounties

B 2.2 Rehabilitation of Flood Protectionat the Danube River

10 BENTU 5.462 exist.Borcea de Jos/Bentu Flood Protection/Danube river - Borcea Branch

11 BORDUSANI 885 exist.Borcea de Jos/Bordusani Flood Protection/,Danube river - Borcea Branch

12 FACAIENI 406 exist.Borcea de Jos/Facaieni Flood Protection/Danube river - Borcea Branch

B 2.3 Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams

13 BERDU exist.Placing Berdu dam under safety conditions 2.034Maramures county

14 VARSOLT exist.Placing Varsolt dam under safety conditions 16.618

_ Salaj county15 MANECIU exist.

Placing Maneciu dam under safety conditions 7.338Prahova county

16 LESU 3,786 exist.Placing Lesu dam under safety conditions, Bihor county

17 DRIDUIncreasing safety during operation for Dridu 10.435 exist.storage, lalomita county

35



estimated New /Project Name / River US$ '000 Exist.

18 POIANA UZULUI exist.Placing Poiana Uzului dam under safety 1.910conditions, Bacau county

19 VALEA DE PESTI 3,460 existPlacing Valea de Pesti dam under safety conditions, Hunedoara county

20 SIRIU 9,404 exist.Placing under safety conditions Siriu dam, Buzau county

B 2.4 Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams

21 SANMIHAIUL ROMAN exist.Improvements at the Hydro technical Knot 4.749of Sanmihaiul Roman, Timis county

22 PUCIOASA 3,877 exist.Increasing safety during operation of Pucioasa storage on Ialomita river

23 CATAMARASTI exist.Assuring the safety of Catamarasti 970dam, Botosani county

24 TARIA exist.Placing Taria dam under safety conditions 2.202to ensure water supply for Bozovicilocality, Caras-Severin county

25 BUFTEA 3,588 exist.Increase safety operation of Buftea storage

The location of each sub-project on Romanian territory is indicated in Figure 1 below.

36


IAT'U MA U LOAR.A

Figure1: Locations ofproposedprojects MA

4k,- c E = t is?'<s A ° 3, fS.roMt g ' ) " h 8 ;/ y~~~~~~~~IAS

GA ~ ~ ~ BULAI

Figure 1: Locations of proposed projects~~~~~~~~~~~1

Eal~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~3


PLANNED INTERVENTIONS

Sub-component B.2.1.: Rehabilitation and Up-grading of Flood Protection Infrastructure

In the areas adjacent to the rivers where the planned interventions of this group ofprojects are planned, floods frequently occur. Typically the river bed transport capacitycorresponds to an annual overflow probability of 20 % (especially projects 1 and 2).

Where flood protection measures have been implemented in the past, severe floods havedamaged or even destroyed these structures (e.g. projects 3 and 9).

In Appendix 1 of this report a risk assessment is given for the assessed sub-projects,where the effects of a flood with an annual probability of occurrence of 5 % in a period ofone year (i.e. this flood occurs once in twenty years on average) are described.

The projects of this group are generally new investments.

Project No. 1: TARNA MARE

Following the negative meteorological phenomena manifested in the last period in theTisa hydrological basin (mainly the floods between 3 and 6 April 2002), importantdamages have been inflicted on the area neighboring the river stream and affected:

- 69 homes- 2 bridges and 6 small bridges- 1.1 km of county road- 75 hectares of agricultural land

The value of the damages has been assessed to ROL 11.4 billion (1 USD 30,700 ROL).The flooding of the river stream side areas occurred due to insufficient transport capacityof the minor riverbed and some crossing construction as compared to the transportcapacity required for proper flow transit according to the importance class of theobjectives.

Improvement works are required as soon as possible due to imminent flooding,degradation or destruction of the objectives located in the immediate vicinity of the TamaMare stream.

The proposed works will be located in the minor riverbed of the river streamadministered by the Satu Mare department of Romanian Waters National Administration.

Between 1980 and 1981 on the sector downstream Tarna Mare locality and up to theUkrainian border, recalibration, embankment, falls, shallows and bank consolidationworks were performed on Tama Mare, Mica and Batarci creeks. Bottom sills and riprapbank consolidation works were also performed on the territory of Tarna Mare locality,

38


but they were almost completely destroyed by the rush of water. The projected works areintended to fight against erosion and flooding phenomena that endanger the socialeconomic objectives in the area as well as the neighboring agricultural land.

In particular, the following works are proposed:

- improving riverbed- supporting walls 1.5 km- river bank protection 0.96 km- dikes 0.35 km

In general, the present layout of the riverbed will be maintained. The proposedimprovement works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projectedworks will not change the present status of the surface or underground waters.

Project No. 2: TARNAVA

The floods in the last few years produced major damages to the building structures in thearea and damaged several hydro-technical constructions. It is necessary to mention thatthe hydro-technical works began in 1988 - 1989 but have been interrupted due to lack offunding. Largely due to this essential aspect the floods caused partial destruction of theunfinished dikes, sometimes the damages being amplified by the unfinished works.

Therefore the following works are needed: connection of dikes, heightening of unfinisheddikes, building of underground discharges equipped with bear-trap dams and beam gatesin order to safely discharge the water from the confinement. A decrease of the bankerosion rate is also important for the improvement of the environmental quality in thearea as the proposed works will contribute to:

- stopping the irreversible land loss by bank consolidation- creating conditions for ecological balance and sustained development in the

area influenced by the proposed works

The projected works will be located on the minor and major riverbeds of Tarnava Micariver, on the line of existing dikes in Cetatea de Balta, Jidvei, Sanmiclaus and Biia and onthe connection line between Sona, Lunca Tarnavei - Panade, Iclob, Saucel, Petrisat, Blajrespectively and will consist of the following components:

- rebuilding of dikes in those locations where they broke down (breaches) dueto overtopping during floods

- increasing height of dikes in the areas where the tops of dikes are belowprovisioned flow level or where the 50 cm construction safety freeboard doesnot exist

- building of new dikes in the discontinuity areas (where the already existingdikes have not been completed so far)

39


- extension of dikes in the refurbishment areas because of the increased topheight according to the provisioned flow level + freeboard

- quarry clay protection of the front wall of the existing dike of the Cetatea deBalta confinement (in order to stop water infiltration during high waterperiods)

- bank protection of Tarnava Mica river in the active erosion areas or in thesectors where the bank - dike area does not exist and the dike is endangered bybank erosion

- underground discharges for water delivery outside confined areas

Project No. 3: CIBIN

The villages Mohu, Vestem and Talmaciu are threatened by high floods of River Cibin.In addition, high floods lead to bank erosion in the area of the municipalities Orlat andSibiu. The projects has been designed to mitigate the following flood impacts:

a) Mohu commune- damage to 62 households- damage to 200 ha of agricultural landb) Vestem commune- damage to 15 households- damage to 250 ha of agricultural landc) Talmaciu commune- damage to 32 households- damage to 300 ha of agricultural land- damage to 2.5 km of roads- damage to 2 footbridgesd) Orlat commune- 1.5 km of bank erosione) Sibiu locality- 1 km of bank erosion

The proposed flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtainedfrom excavations proposed for recalibrating the minor bed or from earth quarries andborrow pits and of bank protection measures. The project consists of the following maincomponents:

Obj. 1 Orlat bank consolidation L=1,l00 mObj. 2 Cristian bank consolidation L=500 mObj. 3 Sibiu bank consolidation L=900 mObj. 4 Mohu bank consolidation L=1,700 m

dike L=2,000 mObj. 5 Vestem bank consolidation L=1,700 mObj. 6 Talmaciu bank consolidation L=3,500 m

40


In the areas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, gabions areproposed. A number of under-crossings through the dikes equipped with valve towardsthe river and gates towards the enclosure were designed for discharging the water fromthe embanked enclosures.

In the concave bank area, where erosion phenomena have occurred, consolidation workswere proposed. These works consist in fascine brush mattresses where raw stone riprapblocks are located. A raw stone pitching is placed on the riprap block for the protection ofthe banks along their height.

Project No. 4: BEGA

x"' ~ ~ ~ 4

Image 1: Bank Erosion at the Bega river

The development of Bega river and its tributaries, along certain stretches, has begun atthe start of the 19th century. These works consisted in drainage channels, embankmentsand water supply channel for Timisoara municipality. At the present moment, works ofprotection against flood are under construction between Curtea and Bethausen localities(L = 40 kin), located upstream of the sector considered in the present project. The sectorwhere the proposed works will be done is located between the previously executed works(downstream) and the works that are presently being executed (upstream).

41


For a Q5% design discharge a flood ability limit has been plotted and so the followingproject impact could be estimated:a) protected objects in the vicinity of Balint are:- 85 houses and households;- 5 km county road;- 3 km communal road;- 250 ha of agricultural lands.b) protected objects in the vicinity of Bethausen are:- 30 houses and households;- 2 km streets;- 60 ha of agricultural lands.

The flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtained fromexcavations proposed for re-calibrating the minor bed and from earth quarries. In theareas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, a concrete parapet isproposed.

The proposed dams have a medium height of approximately 1-2 m, the earth beingexcavated from the river bed and earth pits. The medium distance for the material to betransported is of approximately 3 km. The dams will be turfed.

After finishing the works, the earth pits will be restored to their initial use. Bed reshapingwill be done only in the areas where the existing bed is throttled by alluvial deposits. Thereshaping is one at a single section by deepening and widening. The bank consolidationwill be developed in areas with active erosion and in the areas where the dike isdeveloped in the extension of the minor bed or at distance smaller than 10 m from thebank.

Project no. 5: SLANIC

The proposed regulation works is in the Trotus river basin, along the Slanic brook at theconfluence with Slanicul brook and Trotus river. Localities Slanic Moldova, Cerdac,Ciresoaia and Targu Ocna, in Bacau county, are encompassed by the proposed project.

Heavy rains and melting snows caused the Salinic brook tributaries to carry largequantities of silt, bolders and trees. This resulted in huge floods which affected:

- 62 homes- 4 bridges and 14 small bridges- 2.05 km of bank protection works- a wastewater treatment plant- 43.5 hectares of agricultural land

The value of the damages from floods $660,000 ( or Lei 20 billion ) per year. Theflooding of the river stream side areas occurred due to inefficient stream shape and lack

42


of river bank protection to contain the river within the banks without moving the bankswhich destroyed several structures.

The proposed works will be as follows:

> Rehabilitation and consolidation works of existing structures in Slanic Moldovatown. This would require improved river bank protection, riprap restorationthrough the town center and wood sill restoration.

> New regulation works on Slanic brook-river bed control, dike protection on theleft and right bank of the Slanic brook in the confluence of the Trotus river;

> Rehabilitation and consolidation works for existing structures> New regulation works on the Slanic brook: 12 km of masonry bank protection etc> The overall development is along a total length of 19.5 km

In general, the present layout of the riverbed will be maintained. The proposedimprovement works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projectedworks will not change the present status of the surface or underground waters.

Project no. 6: BABADAG

The proposed regulation works is in the Tabana river and its tributaries within the built uparea of Babadag town in Tulcea county (about 90 km north-west of the Constanta town).

Heavy rains and melting snows between 1983-1991 destroyed 10 houses, 30% of the roadnetwork and the industrial area (sugar factory, cereal mill etc). In May 2002 destroyed 23houses, 70 roads, 1 bridge, 8 culverts, 1 footbridge, 800 m of sewer network and 2 km ofbank protection.

The total cost of the damage was ROL 71 billion ($2.3 million). The average annualdamage is about $1.3 million

The proposed works will be as follows:

> Rehabilitation and consolidation works of existing structures along the Tabanabrook left and right bank which consists of bank protection , reinforcing culvertsetc

> Regulation works on Tabana brook-river bed and bed shape control;> Rehabilitation and consolidation works for three bridges for the national road 22

and two bridges in the streets

In general, the present layout of the river hydraulics and water levels will be maintained.The proposed improvement works will not modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, theprojected works will not change the present status of the surface or underground waters.

43

Volumne II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

Project No. 7: VALSAN RIVER

The proposed sub-project is located in Arges river basin, on the sector between Bradetand Valcele localities, Arges county. The insufficient current transport capacity of theriver bed, corresponding to the probability of exceeding of 20%, provoke frequent floodson these localities and adjacent agricultural land. Flood damages recorded until nowreached a peak of US$468,000. Important economic and social buildings, households andagricultural fields are at risk:

* 10 houses* 8 bridges and 4 footbridges* 6.5 km communal roads* 6.3 km electric networks* 400 ha agricultural land* hydraulic structures

In case of a flow with the probability of 5%, the potential damage will possibly amountover 25 mill. $.

The main objective of this project is decreasing the flooding frequency and risks forBradet - Valcele localities sector (Arges county) and decreasing/stopping the bankserosion, eliminating the human life losses, defending the social and economic objectivesand agricultural lands situated on the area and near the water course.

To avoid the flooding risk of the social and economic objectives situated on this localityarea, the banks erosion, the agricultural lands flooding the following works are proposed:

* increase of transport capacity on 42,7 km, through river bed works* river banks consolidation with gabions and riprap, on 1,82 km* rehabilitation of 3 bottom sills and construction of 7 new bottom sills,* works for slope stabilization 14,500 m.

Through the proposed works, safety for the inhabitants and their goods will besubstantially increased, preventing also indirect damages and enhancing water flowconditions.

Project No. 8: PRUT

Existing embankment works have been executed between 1975 and 1985. Upstream ofthe area of the proposed project works, the Stanca Costesti storage reservoir was built in1979. This reservoir serves both for flood protection and for power supply. Due to levelvariations resulting from daily turbine activity at this reservoir, bank erosion phenomenaemerged on Prut river. As a result of the above mentioned factors, the bank consolidationworks are proposed in Bosia locality area with the aim mentioned above. In case that theproposed works will not be carried out, the erosion phenomena will continue, thusleading to breakage of the existing dike and immediate flooding of 11,220 ha ofagricultural land and 120 houses and households.

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Proposed consolidation will be achieved by a raw stone rockfill block, founded on abrush mattress. A stone pitching leans on the rockfill block, placed on a draining layer ofballast. Average height of the block is approx. 6.5 m. The stone pitching will rise up tothe height of the banks. An operation surveyor's house has been designed within theproject scope in order to monitor the behavior of existing and future structures.

Project No. 9: TELEORMAN-COTMEANA-VEDEA-VEDITA

A number of flood protection works were achieved between 1960-1990 along Vedeariver and its tributaries. The works were aimed at protecting the areas affected by floodsalong the years.

On the Vedea river, dikes have been constructed in Alexandria municipality (L=3km) anddownstream of Branceni community up to the zone where the river flows into the Danuberiver (L=22km) in the course of the project.

On the Teleorman river, regulation and bed embankment works have been done on alength of approx. 5 km in Tatarestii de Sus community, as well as dikes for Bucov river,one on its right-hand side tributary (L=6km) in the same area of the municipality. OnVedita brook there are no regulation or bed embankment works existing.The project has been designed to mitigate the following flood impacts:

a) protection along the Teleorman river for the commune Tatare§tii de Jos (with villagesObartu and

Lada):- 60 houses and outhouses;- 250 m communal road;- 350 ha of agricultural lands.

and for the commune Orbeasca (Laceni village):- 50 houses and 68 households;- 300 m community road.

b) protection along the Vedea river for the commune Tigane§ti - Branceni:- 200 houses and outhouses;- 15 ha of agricultural lands.

c) protection along the Vedita river for the commune Colonesti (villages Barasti,Navargeni and Maruntei):

- 300 houses and outhouses;- 50 ha of agricultural lands.

The flood protection works consist in dikes made up of local material obtained fromexcavations proposed for re-calibrating the minor bed or from earth quarries and barrowpits. In the areas where the space is limited and earth dikes cannot be located, a concrete

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parapet is proposed. A number of under-crossings through dike equipped with valvetowards the river and gates towards the enclosure have been designed for discharging thewater from the embanked enclosures. In the concave bank area, where erosionphenomena have occurred, consolidation works are proposed.

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Volume I[: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

Sub-component B.2.2.: Rehabilitation of Flood Protection at the Danube River

Flood protection dikes along Danube River are under SNIF's administration. The projectswhich are proposed under this sub- component are rehabilitation works at existing floodprotection structures.

The Borcea de Jos area in the Danube River delta has been surrounded by dikes during1963-1966 . The longitudinal defending dikes have been constructed with the for 10-yearfloods with a safety border up to an annual overflow probability of 3%. They wereperiodically maintained and repaired. All these works are well beyond their designedservice period and require rehabilitation.

During the past years major river bank erosion phenomena have been observed which areproceeding at a pace of up to 4 Meters per year. In addition, the existing pumping stationsfor drainage and irrigation have been damaged during high floods.

Project No. 10: BENTU

Image 2: Bank erosion at Bentu has reached the dikes toe

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At Bentu bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 5 - 11 m per year. Initially the dike-bank width was around 150-200 m but now it is reduced to 45 - 100 m, even less atcertain locations. This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surface area by approx.0.972 ha per year.The following measures have been proposed:

- Bank protection against erosion of the Borcea branch on Lt = 1950 m- Reshaping of the existing dike section by completion of the embankments and

slopes where necessary- Dike slope protection on Lt = 50 m downstream and upstream of the SPE

Bentu evacuation canal- Refurbishment of the SPE Bentu evacuation canal revetment on Lt = 99 m- Repair of the evacuation canal outlet 1 = 6 m, Lt = 50 m upstream and

downstream- Refurbishment of the dike on Lt = 1400 including the construction at 100 m

distance from the new dike of a drainage canal for the under dike infiltrationwater

- Afforestation of the new dike - bank zone (17.2 ha) with productive species(willow, osier, poplar); this however is not a part of this project.

Project No. 11: BORDUSANI

..

Image 3: Bank erosion at Bordusani

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At Bordusani bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 2.5 m per year. Initially thedike-bank width was around 150-200 m but now this was reduced down to 130-190 m (atan average annual pace of 2.5 m). This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surfacearea by approx. 0.285 ha per year.The following measures have been proposed:

- Bank protection against erosion using gabion packs 0.5 m x 20 m madegeogrids and geotextiles placed at the level 2.65 (Baltic Sea-reference level);

- Rip-rap prism with crown elevation 50 cm below the multiannual water level;- Slope protection consisting of raw stone lining, 0.4 m thick, laid on geotextiles

with filtering role; this lining also covers the flat bank area on a 3.0 m width,being embedded into the natural terrain through a raw stone spur.

- Refurbishment of two pumping stations

Project no. 12: FACAIENI

At Facaieni bank erosion happens currently at a rate of 4 m per year. The bank erosion inthe project zone has been measured at the following rates:

- Between km 18+065 and km 17+800: erosion of 20-35 m from 1966 to 2002- Between km 17+800 and km 17+300: erosion of 35-40 m from 1966 to 2002

This erosion resulted in diminishing the forest surface area by approx. 0.04ha. Maincauses of producing these erosion phenomena are:

- Geotechnical characteristics;- Waves produced by ships going near the right side bank;- Current direction to the right side bank;- Water velocity of 0.6-0.7 m/s at the higher flows.

The following measures have been proposed:

- Bank protection against erosion with gabion packs of 0.5 m in thickens madeby geogrills and geotextiles placed at the level 2.45 (Baltic Sea-referencelevel);

- Stone fill-dike between 2.45 and 5.45 (Baltic Sea-reference level).

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Sub-component B.2.3.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Large Dams

The proposed refurbishment and renovation projects of the large dams in this group ofproject will reduce the risk of dam failure significantly. Typically the dams which willundergo repair, presently cannot operate under nominal conditions because of this highrisk of failure at present.

In the following table a summary of existing problems and proposed measures at thesample projects within this sub-component is given. Since these projects are allrehabilitation measures for existing hydraulic structures no alternatives to damrefurbishment have been assessed.

Project No. 14: BERDU

Stramtori is a large dam that has been constructed in the years 1960 - 1964 to providewater supply (drinking and industrial) for localities in the zone (i.e. to the local capitalBaia Mare of 150.000 inhabitants, to Baia Sprie, and to other localities in the area). It is abuttress dam of appr. 50 m height and a storage capacity of about 17 Mio m3 which isequipped with a spillway. Immediately downstream the Berdu balance basin is located forenergy dissipation of the high dam spillway and for water supply intake . The Berdubalance basin gets created by a dam (Berdu dam) which has a height of 14,5 m and hasbeen constructed as concrete surfaced rock fill dam. Starting in 1995, seepage wasrecorded in the right shoulder of the dam. The eepage rate exceeds 100 I/s at present. Thiswater infiltration at the rock fill dam is increasing in spite of different measures(insufficient injections on the right dam site) resulting in a lowering of the basin waterlevel as deep as possible and in additional observation measurements. Large localseepage on the right downstream dam toe (up to 100 l/s) including sediment erosion outof the dam body can be observed. The water supply equipment in the buttress dam (pipesand valves) is damaged and the hydro electric equipment out of function. From the damsafety point of view the refurbishment of the rock fill dam and its equipment isimmediately necessary.

This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures: drainage of thedam, insulation works and installation of new mechanical equipment as well asmeasuring equipment for monitoring. The proposed measures in detail are:

- By-pass pipe for the balance basin in order to assure the water supply for theconsumers during periods of damage and repairs at Berdu dam, including up-stream connections at Stramtori dam and down-stream for the water delivery.

- Rehabilitating the equipment for the connection at the Stramtori dam bottomwater outlet in order to make a certain connection between the by-pass pipeand the Stramtori storage reservoir restoration.

- Restoration of the Berdu dam in the right slope by installing a screen and awatertight diaphragm through injections;

- Rehabilitating the equipment from the maneuver tower of the water deliveryand the draining, including the electric and automatic installations;

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- Installing a deflector at the ski-jump spillway at Stramtori dam in order to stepthe water flow on the access bridge, on the equipment and machinery;

- Soil water proofing and the ski-jump spillway water proofing for Stramtoridam;

- Rehabilitating the draining system of the right slope in order to settle itssliding;

- Rehabilitating the monitoring system, completion for monitoring the atypicalphenomena observed during the last period of operation and for the observationof the works that are being executed;

- Rehabilitating the alarm system.

Project No. 14: VARSOLT

Image 4: Deteriorated concrete facing at Varsolt dam

Varsolt dam was designed as a nonpermanent storage reservoir, for flood protectionpurposes, but it has been used in addition as a permanent storage reservoir for watersupply of the municipalities Zalau and Simleu Silvaniei. It is an earth fill dam made oflocal material, 2300 m length, 14 m height, a storage capacity of about 40 Mio m3, 2bottom outlets on different levels (each of them with one gallery for water supply and onegallery for flood control) and a spillway with concrete faced downstream-canal.

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Changing the storage reservoir operation and the operating regime was done withoutproviding proper foundation and dam sealing elements. Storage reservoir commissioningtook place without achieving the necessary development works for the mountain streamsin the watershed, which led to the rapid silting-up of the storage reservoir and to asubsequent change of the storage volume. The lining of the spillway canal is insufficientfor the hydraulic impact and damages in the concrete facing of the bottom outlet can beobserved at the moment. Storage reservoir construction elements require repair works dueto operation wearing (high water discharge, old headrace gallery, discharge channel ofthe downstream water etc.). This project has been chosen due to the potential danger ofdam damage, which would affect Zalau, Simleu Silvaniei and 16 other localitiesdownstream. An accident would lead to a flooding of 8,162 households and 20,098 ha ofland, interruption of drinking water supply for approx. 86,000 inhabitants and woulddamage the ecosystem equilibrium downstream the dam in the tributary area of riverCrasna. The project consists of the following main components:

- Improvement of dam safety operation by:Dam foundation and sealing works;Dam reshaping;High water discharger repair works;Execution drillings for discharging the water from the new gallery;Downstream discharging channel reshaping;Left shoulder, new two bottom outlet discharging channel repair works;Storage reservoir outline anti-erosion stabilization by development of aforest belt around the storage reservoir perimeter;

- Works for reducing the alluvial convergence upstream of the storage reservoir(on the Crasna River, Pria Brook, Ragului Brook, Banului Brook, MortautaBrook) that consists in development of the Crasna River upstream of thestorage reservoir by achieving gabion bottom sills, local bank consolidationsas well as, bed and tributary recalibrations.

- Rehabilitation of the monitoring system, including the alarm-warning andseismic system.

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Project No. 15: MANECIU

Image 5: Hydraulic structures downstream of Maneciu dam

Maneciu dam is situated in the Prahova and lower lalomita River hydrographic basin, andlocated on the Teleajen River at 0.50 km downstream the Teleajen River confluence withTeleajen Brook, on the Prahova County territory, outside the constructed perimeter ofManeciu - Ungureni localities. It is an earth fill dam with central clay core, 78 m height,a storage capacity of 60 Mio m3 and equipped with a spillway (1 3 50 m 3/s, morning glory,shaft, race canal, dissipation basin) and a bottom outlet (125 m3/s). The damn has beenconstructed in the years 1978 - 1994 and its main purposes are production ofhydroelectricity (average energy output: 20 GWh/year), drinking and industrial watersupply (discharge: 1.97 m3/s), irrigation (2400 ha), fish farming, flood control andtouristic development of the area. Since 1994, the following incidents occurred:

a) During tests in 1997, at 50% opening of the bottom outlet service valve the energydissipation structures did not work under the standard safety conditions. After thebottom outlet was closed the following damages could be observed:

- The access way to the Maneciu water treatment plant was deteriorated (roadrunning along the right bank of the channel);

- A displacement of the vertical plane of the two bottom boards on the dischargepipe (at about 150 m downstream of the dam);

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- Erosion of the right slope area, immediately downstream of the dissipationalong a 30 m length, underwashing of the water headrace conduit to Maneciuwater treatment plant on the same length;

- Partial displacement of the material behind the left slope protection boardsalong a 20 m length downstream of the dissipation.

b) Seepage in the high water discharger I ceiling with bays, as well as degradation of thehigh water discharge concrete and downstream floor. Seepage flow rate in the highwater discharger is increased once the storage reservoir level goes over the level of584.00 mASL. If these problems are not eliminated, this water discharge path cannotbe operated under safe conditions due to the concrete degradation and iron corecorrosion;

c) High water discharger invert degradation that increases also due to freezing-thawingphenomenon;

d) Dam monitoring activity issue;e) Left slope instability in the dam connection area which led to changing the NRWL

from 606.00 mASL to restricted 595.00 mASL. Under these conditions, should floodsoccur that exceed the maximum hydroelectric power plant discharge capacity, it wouldbe necessary to open the GF valves more than 30%, which results in the problemsmentioned under item a).

This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures:- Unloader restoration: e

- restoring the bottom outlet dissipater;- works for restoring the high water discharger;- Slope consolidation;- Rehabilitating the monitoring system, including the alarm system.

Project No. 16: LESU

Lesu is a large dam in Bihor County on a tributary of Crisu Repede River and has beenconstructed in the years 1973 to provide for the following:

> compensating water for the downstream water as needed and to meet the deficitfor drinking and for industry especially for Oradea municipality about 28,000people;

> water supply development for Remeti area situated immediately downstream ofthe dam

> generate about lOGWh/year of power of the areas downstream of the dam> flood mitigation for all the downstream areas

The dam height is 61 m and the crest width is 180 m with a side spillway to take a one ina 1000 year inflow. The total operating volume of the reservoir is 26 million cum. Thereservoir surface area is 143 ha and the catchment area is 83 km2 . The main issues areseepage on the concrete face of the dam and on the reservoir bed up to 300 I/sec and thehydrotechnical equipment needs to be replaced.

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Volune II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

The main construction items on the dam are the following:

> excessive seepage in the bed of the reservoir> the crest of the dam needs to be resurfaced and safety railing need to be placed on

either side of the crest road;> repair the concrete face of the dam and use geotextile material to further water

proof the face of the dam> related to it is the need to undertake further curtain grouting in the foundation via

the drainage gallery> electromechanical works need to be replaced> rehabilitate the monitoring system and expand the monitoring needed for the

embankments, drainage gallery water monitoring; etc.

Project No. 17: DRIDU

Dridu storage has been constructed in the years 1978 - 1985 to provide irrigation watersupply for 17,000 ha area and industrial water supply for The City of Urziceni. It alsoprovides flood protection of 30,000 ha, energy production ( 2.4 MW installed capacity)and available discharge derivation from lalomita river to the hydrotechnical systemMostistea for irrigation. The proposed project foresees to solve the problems thatoccurred since the dam has started operation to assure that the storage can operate againat the initial designed parameters. During the storage reservoir operation from thebeginning until recently a series of major negative phenomena that endanger theoperation have been observed:

- major erosion of the storage reservoir banks- degradation of the steel hydraulics structures of the flood spillway and damage

of the revetment of the discharge channel- seepage through the earth foundation of the dam- drainage drillings at flood spillway get filled with sand- flooding and degradation of 3 houses in the locality Fierbinti, a church in the

locality Stroesti, in the commune Fierbinti and the sewerage network of thehelping school in Fierbinti.

In order to mitigate the damaging effects of these incidents, the project consists of thefollowing main components:

- storage basin bank protection in the areas with strong erosions- replacing the existing drainage system- works at the spillway to assure safe operation (rehabilitation of the sills situated

on the spillway canal- superelevation of the road DJ 101 and DC 185

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- other protection works (measuring and control instrumentation, rehabilitationof the acoustic warning-alarming system - this system is used for alarming thepopulation living downstream the dam).

Project No. 18: POIANA UZULUI

Image 6: Poiana Uzului dam

Poiana Uzului is a large dam that has been constructed in the years 1967 - 1973 toprovide water supply (drinking and industrial) for localities in the zone (Darmanesti,One,ti, Bacau). It is a buttress dam of 80 m height with a storage capacity of 90 Mio m3

and is equipped with a spillway with a capacity of 900 m3 /s. Because of flood events in1984 and immediately starting water infiltration the dam safety does not comply tonational Romanian or international dam safety requirements. In particular, increasingwater infiltration in spite of different measures (drainage drillings and injections) hasbeen observed which resulted in a lowering of the basin water level by 7 meters and inadditional observation measurements. From the view of dam safety the refurbishment ofthe dam and its equipment is generally necessary.If an accident will occurs, the following consequences have to be considered:

- A high tide flow of 70,000 cu.m per second will affect about 25,000 inhabitantsdownstream;

- A number of about 450 households will also be affected;- The production of 27 companies, including Darmanesti refinery, will be

affected

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This project foresees to refurbish the dam with the following measures: drainage of thedam, insulation works and providing with mechanical equipment and measuringequipment for monitoring. In detail, the following measures are proposed:

- consolidation of the bottom rock at the downstream dam foot on its entire area;- injection of the joints and cracks;- rehabilitation of the hydro-mechanical equipment;- improvement of the drainage system- reconstruction of the piezometer network;- improvement of the instrumentation network,- increase of the spillway capacity;

Project No. 18: VALEA DE PESTI

Valea de Pesti is a large dam in Hunedoara County on Valea de Pesti tributary 500 mupstream on the on the confluence with the Jiul de Vest River. The dam is 56 m high,with a crest width of of 6.35 m and a length of 237 m, and a asphalt face of 15,000 m2 inth3e upstream face. The outlet facility is a submersible tower of 15 m high with 1 mdiameter. The dam is equipped with a bottom outlet of 4 m diameter with two outletvalves and a morning glory spillway which connects with the bottom outlet and has avariable diameter from 5 m to 3.6 m. The total storage is 4.5 million and the spillways are1/1000 year inflow.

The project was constructed and commissioned in 1973 to provide for the followingservices:

> Water supply of 900 1/sec to 10,000 household downstream to several towns andcities in the Jiul de Vest river basin;

> Water supply to the CET Paroseni (670 l/sec);> Water supply for other users between Valea de Pesti and Paroseni (200 l/sec)> Flood mitigation for all the downstream areas

The asphalt face was designed to last 25 years and it is observed that the upper part of theface is cracked and there is increased infiltration. There is also seepage through the valvechamber walls on the bottom outlet. The hydro-mechanical equipment needs repair andthe electric installation needs to be replaced. The outlet pipe has to be repaired. Inaddition the existing monitoring equipment needs to be rehabilitated and additionalmonitoring needs to be placed for settlement, seepage measurement.

The main construction items on the dam are the following:

> Restoring the water proofing of the asphalt concrete with new asphalt and geo-membrane

> Re-grade the crest and place safety rails and parapets> Repair all the infiltration in the gate chambers

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> Development of chambers in the downstream areas> Drainage in the dam downstream areas (intercepting canals and outlets to river)> Rehabilitation of the hydromechanical equipment (hydraulics and electrical

works)> Rehabilitation of the monitoring system and establish many more monitoring

equipment.

Project No. 20: SIRIU

Siriu is a large dam located in the Buzau hydrographic basin, on the Buzau River. It islocated near the commune with same name, 10 km upstream of Nehoiu town, in BuzauCounty. The project was completed in 1994 and commissioned also in 1994. The damconstruction was done over a 19 year period between 1975 to 1994.

The project details are the following: crest Height is 122 m; crest width is 570 m; sidespillway has a capacity of 3200 m3/sec with three different spillway slots 2000, 1000; and200 m3/sec; and reservoir capacity is 155 million m3 with a active storage of 125 m3

The main purpose of the dam and reservoir is to provide:

> Drinking water to all downstream localities 2.5 m3/sec which benefits close to200,000 people in towns, cities and communes;

> Irrigation designed for 20,000 ha downstream although the area may be differentpresently

> Electric power generation of 122 GWh/year> Flood prevention with a 30 million m3 flood storage capacity> Aquaculture> Recreation

Presently the dam is operated far below its capacity because of the dam safety issues. Themain construction items on the dam are the following:

> Repair the crest by re-grading the crest and place safety rails and parapets;> Repair drainage galleries to undertake grouting through galleries and ensure the

drainage can take place> Development of chambers in the downstream areas> Drainage in the dam downstream areas (intercepting canals and outlets to river)> Rehabilitation of the hydromechanical equipment (hydraulics and electrical

works)> Rehabilitation of the monitoring system and establish many more monitoring

equipment and develop a proper alert system.

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Sub-component B.2.4.: Enhancing Dam Safety at Small Dams.

The small dams which will be refurbished by the projects within this sub-componentserve many different purposes such as water supply, water storage for fire fighting, asretention basins, water storage for irrigation, flow regulation, etc.

In the following paragraphs a summary of existing problems and proposed measures isgiven. Since these projects are all rehabilitation measures for existing hydraulic structuresno alternatives to dam refurbishment have been assessed.

Project No. 21: SANMIHAIUL ROMAN

Z20II * ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 4

;71~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

The Timisoara - NH Sanmihaiu Roman pool has a length of 14.9 km. 9 km of this iswithin Timisoara city limits and supplies the required water flow for the city. The hydro-technical node was designed, projected and built to preserving a minimum water level inthe upstream pool required for:

- Industrial water supply of economic units- Fire fighting water supply for Timisoara city- Ensuring of computed (guaranteed) navigation depth according to ship drafts

and pilot reserve

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- Regulation of minimum flows on the channel- Preservation of aquatic ecosystem and population health- Transit of floods formed on Bega river - in Topolovat - HEPP Timisoara -

Sanmihaiu Roman hydro-technical node sectors - without inundation of poolneighboring areas.

- Ice discharge during winter (when the Sanmihaiu Maghiar gate is down)- Ship locking - maximum capacity 600 tdw- Preservation of channel flow within 5 to 83.5 m3/s limits (as stipulated in the

Romanian - Yugoslavian Agreement for channel exploitation)

Between 1989 - 1990, on the basis of the projects drawn up by CCSITEH Timisoara(HIDROTIM), the ICM Bocsa enterprise has produced the hydro-mechanical equipmentrequired for general overhaul of the hydro-technical node Sanmihailu Roman. Afterequipment delivery, the financing was interrupted and the purchased equipment wasstored within the company premises. During this time, the warranty period offered by thesupplier expired and the equipment suffered from wear and thefts.

The advanced state of degradation of existing works and equipment now endangers thegeneral safety of the entire hydro-technical works in the area and - as stipulated in theRomanian - Yugoslavian agreement regarding channel exploitation - makes the risk ofinstallation collapse unacceptable.

As far as flood risk is concerned, the impossibility or difficulty of operating the damgates is now placing a high inundation risk to neighboring areas (including areas inTimisoara) as well as the dikes themselves. In case of dike collapse, more than 1,000homes, 20 km of county road, 30 km of communal road and 4,000 hectares of agriculturalland will be flooded. A major damage to the dam or the break up of circular chambersluice will cause a drop of the water level below the minimum quota required to supplywater to Timisoara, having a negative impact on the population. Also, the currentsituation (with the circular chamber sluice blocked) will have a negative effect on anumber of areas in Timisoara due to further degradation of upper water that willconsequently lead to a diminished transport capacity of the channel as well as of floodprotection degree below accepted limits.

The proposed project consists of the following components:- Preparatory works (demolitions, building of access buildings and roads, water

diversion through the lock), which require the building of a borrow pit andstorage areas for the material resulted from demolition and for excess soil. Aborrow pit and storage areas with a total surface of 10,000 m2 will beconstructed for cofferdam fillings and storage of materials resulting from de-silting, demolition and concrete structure debris.

- Refurbishment of the gate dam, particularly by construction of an escape damto preserve the minimum operation level during repair works at the existinggate dam, of building of a cofferdam protected compound to dry up the gatedam and perform additional works for site access, of repairing of the gate

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dam by construction works and replacement of hydro-mechanical equipment,of building of upstream and downstream cofferdams to dry up upstream anddownstream access channels and lock, of repair and replacement works for thehydro-mechanic equipment of the lock, and of channel de-silting to ensure therequired transport capacity.

Project No. 22: PUCIOASA

The Pucioasa dam is located on the Ialomita River, upstream of the confluence withBizdidel river, near Pucioasa town in Dambovita County. The dam was constructed in1975 and commissioned on that date. The spillway dam has two dikes left and right bank-has a height of 30.5 m and 20.5 m for the left bank, crest length of 420 m for the rightbank and 820 m for the left bank and there are three bottom outlets and a spillway, wateroutlet for drinking water are also provided. The dam has a multipurpose function,including the following:

> Water supply for industry in Pucioasa, Doicesti and Targoviste twons. Provisionis 1.65 m%/sec

> Water supply for Pucioasa municipality 0.2 m 3/sec> Water supply for troute fish farming downstream 0.4 m 3 /sec> Electric Power generation 12 m 3 /sec> Flood mitigation for the downstream areas -to reduce the peak further

downstream storages (Bizdidel and Vulcana)

The main project activities to improve the safety of the dam and dikes are as follows:

> Rehabilitate the right bank dike by increasing its height by 1.5 m for 500 mincluding a rock face to protect the dike in the upper part of the dike. This wouldrequire extending the right bank dike by 100 m with a crest width of 4.5 m

> Rehabilitate the downstream stilling basin> Rehabilitating and modernizing the hydraulic equipment (gates, hydraulics etc)> Rehabilitating and modernizing the electrical fittings to operate the gates and other

equipment> Rehabilitating and improving the monitoring system-additional piezometers,

monitoring the drainage flows, monument gauges, automatic pumping of drainageflows from the galleries

> Rehabilitate and up grade the hydrometric stations in Moreni, Fieni etc. Establisha radio network for remote transmission of data collected and primary processingof the data and an alert system

Project No. 23: CATAMARASTI

The complex water accumulation in Catamarasti has been built between 1975 and 1979for the following purposes:

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- water source for an irrigated land surface of 6,035 hectares- industrial water supply Q = 0.3 m3/s- fish farming surface of 105 hectares- protection against floods for the downstream areas

From the information collected from the beneficiary, landslides on the right escarpmentwere observed during accumulation exploitation in the area of high water overflowdischarge. The specialists supervising the initial works noticed that instability of the rightescarpment has manifested itself since the performance of the diggings for the wateroverflow discharge. Low depth drainage has been performed but failed to stabilize thelandslides; in time, they continued and led to complete deterioration of the overflowdischarge body.

The landslides produced deformation of the overflow discharge tiles (cracks anddisplacements) in both dam level and upstream areas, as well as a significant uplift of thedischarge culvert foundation mat. Taking into account the reasons mentioned above,rebuilding of the water overflow discharge has become necessary to re-constitute therequired safety level of the accumulation.

The proposed project consists of the following main components:- excavation of the dam body in the location of the new discharge- performance of a granular material filling for the discharge body- tiling of the discharge front with reinforced concrete tiles, 0.25 to 0.50 m

thick, laid on a 0.25 m thick common reinforced concrete layer, which is inturn overlaid on a draining layer

- building of an 4 - 5 m high upstream toe wall to go through the consolidatedsilt and then be built in the base rock

- building of a concrete 4 m high sloping toe wall with 0.5 m thick foundationmat

- building of a stone made downstream apron ensuring the connection with thedischarge channel and partial rebuilding of the existing overflow discharge

- building of a foot path over the discharge- stabilization works for the right escarpment consisting in demolition

(breakdown and extraction) of the concrete tiles of the existing discharge (tobe later used as riprap for the downstream apron), building of a drainagesystem made of broken rock, small and medium size aggregates designed tocollect the water infiltration in the upper area of the escarpment withdischarges both upstream and downstream the dam and of building of a bermat the basis of the escarpment (in the location of the existing discharge) usingthe material excavated from the dam body.

Project No. 24: TARIA

Taria is a small dam that has been designed and constructed between 1976 and 1983 toprovide water supply (drinking and industrial) of the locality Bozovici. (average daily

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flow: 651/s). It is a rockfill dam with concrete apron with a maximum height of 7.5 m anda storage capacity of approx. 50,000m3.

On 2nd and 3rd May 1978 the dam broke because of a historical high flow. In 1983 someinterventions have been made by constructing a spurdike at the base of the downstreamslope and on the upstream concrete apron in order to stop a leakage (about 2-31/s wasestimated then). At present the dam has the following problems:

- Leakage at the base of the slope downstream;- Deterioration of concrete apron downstream;- Deterioration of the left wall of the front weir;- The hydro-insulation on the upstream side is not completed;- Deficiencies of mechanical equipment;- Advanced clogging up of the impoundment reservoir;- Defending wall plunge.

This project foresees to refurbish the hydraulic structure Taria in order to meet once againinternational standards for dam safety. Refurbishment of the following works isnecessary: dam apron, bottom emptying pipe (ND 600mm), water intake and the mainpipe, front overflow, removal of sediments, retention works upstream on the Taria Riverin order to diminish lake silting by building stone thresholds.

Project no. 25: BUFTEA

The dam is located on Ciocanesti River which is a tributary of Dambovita River, on theRaioasa Forest Road in Iifov county. The dam was constructed in 1974 and the microhydro plant 1982 and commissioned also in 1982. The dam is a earth dam, 10 m high,and 580 m long crest. It has two circular bottom outlets of circular concrete pipes of 1.5m diameter each. It has a unlined side spillway which was determined as needed after the1975 flood. There was a micro-hydropower plan which operated until 1995. Theupstream bank is clearly damaged and there is leakage via the spillway. The volume ofthe reservoir is 9.6 MCM of which 6.5 MCM is active storage. The main benefits of thisdam although it is small is as follows:

> Water supply for a chain of lakes with 53.8 MCM/year> Water supply for several large industry (canning and cooling water) of one

million per year downstream> Water for several communities -Buciumeni, Mogosoaia, Pantelimon, etc> Irrigation in Buftea -National Land Reclamation Company> Water supply for fish farming downstream 0.4 m 3/sec> Electric Power generation although small> Flood mitigation for the downstream areas

The main project activities to improve the safety of the dam since the height of the damhas settled by 0.7 m. Hence the crest has to be heightened, upstream and downstream

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slopes have to be rehabilitated. There is abundant vegetation of the dam slopes that mustbe removed and unauthorized structures within the dam for fishing-quays, fences etc.have to be removed and the micro-hydropower plant has to be decommissioned.

The following are the works needed to improve the dam safety and to bring it up to safestandards:

> Rehabilitate the dam and increase the height on 0.7 m> Deforest the vegetation on the crest and downstream slope> Decommission the hydropower plant. The building and the pipe leading to the

station will be demolished. The escape channel will be used for drainage flowswithin the dam m

> Upstream face will be protected by concrete slabs with rock pitching in the upperparts to prevent erosion of the upstream face

> Right bank has to be increased in height by 1.5 m. The right bank will have to beprotected with concrete

> The drainage system has to be extended with additional longitudinal drains in thedownstream of the dam

> Bottom outlet is generally satisfactory but the silt in the inlet has to be cleared anddownstream dissipater has to be refurbished;

> Spillway has to be rehabilitated so as to give a capacity for 1 in 100 year inflowand install new hydro-mechanical gates;

> Rehabilitating and modernizing the hydraulic equipment (gates, hydraulics etc) forthe bottom outlets

> Rehabilitating and modernizing the electrical fittings to operate the gates and otherequipment

> Rehabilitating and improving the monitoring system-additional piezometers,monitoring the drainage flows, monument gauges

> Rehabilitate and up grade the upstream hydrometric stations.

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Legal and Institutional Framework

The main legal acts in force that are related to EIA are the following:

1. Law of Environmental Protection (LEP) 137/1995 republished in 17 February2000 on the base of Art 2 of Law nr. 159/1999 (LEP 137/1995 had been oncemore modified before by the Government Order (GO) no. 314/1998).

2. The Emergency ordinance (EU) no. 91/2002 for modification and completion ofLEP 137/1995.

3. Government Decision (GD) 918/2002 regarding the establishment of frameworkprocedure of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and for approval ofpublic or private projects that are subjected to this procedure.

4. MO 860/2002 for approval of EIA procedure and for giving the environmentconsent.

5. MO 756/1997 approving the Regulation for environment pollution assessment.

6. Ministerial Order (MO) no. 184/1997 for elaboration of environmental balance.

7. GD 573/2002 for authorization procedure of the activities with impact onenvironment.

The new provisions of the above mentioned legal acts regarding EIA are:

LEP 137/1995 republished and EU 91/2002

* Chapter III of LEP 137/1995 republished comprises the regulation of economicand social activities with impact on environment. According the Article 8 of this chapterthe environmental consent (permit) is obligatory for new investments, for the existingactivities which are modified and for the activities listed in Annex II. Hydraulic structures(dams, hydropower plants with more than 10 MW power input, installations forprotection against flood and for alluvial retention) are mentioned in the respective Annex.Consequently, those works have to have EIA as a base, for getting environmental consent(permit) or authorization.

The request for authorization is obligatory for existing structures.

The environmental consent is given in parallel with other legal acts. The authorization isgiven after all the other consents (permits) necessary according to other legalrequirements (Art. 8 from EU 91/2002).

A new chapter - I' has been added to LEP 137 republished according to EU 91/2002.Chapter I is related to EIA for plans and programs like territorial planning, watermanagement, etc. According to Art 72 of EU 91/2002 the procedure of EIA the reportcontent and the conditions to give the environment consent for plans and programsincluding those with transboundary effects are established by means of GD on the base ofa proposal made by the environmental public central authority.

The competent authorities for giving the environmental consent for plans and programsare central and local environmental authorities (Art 74 from EU 91/2002).

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In order to obtain the environment authorization the title holders with existing activitiesthat do not comply with the environmental quality legal requirements are required to havean environmental audit according to the decision made by the environmental competentauthority (Art 8, EU 91/2002).

Some existing and new industrial installations are to receive environment integratedauthorization by taking into consideration the appliance of BAT avoiding excessive costs(Art 8, EU 91/2002).

The environmental consents, permits and authorizations are revised and updated by theenvironment competent authorities. The consents and permits are valid two years, and theauthorizations - five years at most, if no modifications had been occurred (Art. 9, EU91/2002).

Title holders have the obligation to inform the local environmental public authoritiesabout the self-monitoring results, or about the accidents or dangerous situations. Forprojects that might have transboundary effects the provisions of Espoo Conventionregarding EIA in the transboundary context are to be applied (the Convention has beenratified by Law 22/2001) Article 12 from EU 91/2002 says the environmental protectionauthority with the other central and local public administration will assure the publicinformation about the project and public participation to the decision making process andthe access to the Court with the environmental problems. Public consultation is obligatorywhen the consents and authorizations are to be given (Art 12, EU 91/2002).

Title holders are obliged to use mass media to inform the public about the projectssubjected to receive environmental consents/permits or authorizations (Art 12, EU91/2002).

The EIA and the environment audits are prepared by legal or natural persons that arecertified by the central environmental public authorities. These persons workindependently and the expenses are supported by the title holders.

Article 15 of EU 91/2002 says that the title holders are obliged to proceed with theenvironmental audit whenever the activity having impact on environment is changed,stopped or the respective company is sold, divided, or modified is one way; theenvironmental audit is necessary to establish the obligations and costs of environmentrecovery in the zone where the respective activity has been installed. On the base ofenvironmental audit and proposal of the compliance program the competentenvironmental authority gives the environmental consent.

GD 918/2002 and MO 860/2002

According to Art 3 of GD 918/2002, EIA is elaborated in the preparing stage of thedocumentation that are to be the base of the feasibility study of the project. With the EIAthe measures to be taken for impact reduction, or for prevention of negative effects areestablished. The procedure for giving the environment consent is coordinated by thecompetent environmental authority (MWEP, or EPI) with the participation of central andlocal public authority representatives which have responsibilities in the environmentaldomain. They form a team nominated by an Order signed by the head of environmentalcentral public authority and signed by the president of the County Council or Prefect atthe local level.

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The projects will be analyzed by the competent environmental authorities on the base ofthe Report of Project Presentation, comprising: placement description and projectcharacteristics, including the description of the activity installed by the projectimplementation. After that the competent authority forwards to the title holder theguidance on the environmental issues and how deeply would be treated with theassessment.

All title holders of projects subjected to EIA have the obligation to give informationregarding (Annex 4, GD 918/2002).

1. Project description

2. Presentation of the versions taken into consideration and the main reasons forfinal chosen version.

3. Description of the environmental issues which will be probably significantlyaffected by the project implementation.

This description will be referred to direct or indirect effects, secondary, cumulativeeffects on short, medium and long term, permanently or temporary, positive andnegative. The description will also refer to the natural resource use, pollutantemissions, waste produced and the methodology of effect prediction.

4. Description of measures for prevention, reduction and compensation of thesignificant effects on environment.

5. Difficulties met by the title holder.

6. Non technical summary of EIA.

Annexes 1 and 2 of GD 918/2002 comprise the lists of the projects that needs EIA andprojects that have to be judged whether EIA is necessary, respectively. The selectioncriteria to establish this things are included in the Annex 3. They are related to the type ofproject (size, risk of accidents, pollutant emissions, etc.), project location (parks, naturalpreserves, coastal zones, protected zones, historical sites, etc.) and the potential impact.

The hydraulic structures which are subjected to the proposed project, namely dams,impoundment reservoirs at least, with the capacity of 10 million cu.m, are included inAnnex 1 and the project as dams, impoundment reservoirs with capacity less than 10million cu.m, hydropower plants and the water management projects for agriculturalsector (e.g. irrigation, water drainage, etc.), in Annex 2.

With the last legal acts, a special attention is given to the public information and publicparticipation in the decision making process (e.g. Art 12, Art 13 and Art 14 of GD918/2002). According to the new provisions the public must be known with allapplications for environmental consent for the projects that are to be subjected to EIA in adue time. The modalities of public informing and participation are established by thecompetent environmental authorities. The possible affected public will be identified. Theplace where the information might be found and the way of presenting these informationare specified: e.g. publication in newspapers, posters, leaflets, exhibitions, radio, TV, etc.The way of dealing with public consultation (e.g. written information, public debates,

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etc.), as well as the time intervals allocated for each stage in the procedure are alsoestablished.

The project impacts in the transboundary context are to be known by each party by givingall available information by means of the central environmental neighboring authority(Art 13).

The methodology of the framework procedure of the EIA and for giving the environmentconsent is regulated by the MO 860/2002 on the base of the Art 18, alin. (1) in GD918/2002.

According to the provisions of MO 860/2002 the environmental consent, or the integratedenvironmental consent are given by the central or local public environmental authoritiesas they are specified in Annexes I.1. and 1.2. (Art 4). The central authorities coulddelegate the local authorities to solve some stages of authorization procedures.According to the classification of the social and economic activities given in Section 3 ofMO 860/2002 there are:

a) activities with insignificant impact of the environment (e.g. households notlocated in the zones with special protection regime);b) activities (installation with reduced impact on environment (some of Annex1.2.);

c) activities (installations with significant impact on environment (Annex 1.1 andsome from Annex I.2).The activities nominated in the Annex mentioned above are further classified accordingto the approval competence requirements and according to the necessary regulationapproval acts, namely Environmental Consent or Integrated Environmental Consent.Consequently, the dams and the impoundment reservoirs with the capacity of minimum10 million cu.m are to be consented by the environmental central authorities, with the"Environmental Consent". The hydropower plants are considered investments withpotential significant impact of environment and has to receive the environmental consentfrom the local environmental authorities.Annex II 1 of MO 860/2002 comprises the guidance of the content of the technical reportnecessary to get the environment consent, or integrated environment consent. The otherAnnexes of the above mentioned MO are models of all necessary forms to be completed:

* Minute on the Placement Checking (Annex II. 3)* Public Announcement Format* Environmental Consent Format / Environmental Integrated Consent Format(Annex III)* Format of registering the public observations regarding EIA (Annex IV. 1)* Format for public proposal evaluation (Annex IV. 2)

Finally, in the Annex IV. 3 the logical scheme of procedure of EIA and of giving theenvironmental consent is presented. This scheme comprises the stages to be approached

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in the process of EIA. The detailed guidelines on each stage approaching in the EIAprocess are presented in MO 863/2002, namely:

* project classification (Annex 1 in MO 863/2002)

* defining the assessment domain and the achievement of the Report on EIA(Annex 2 in MO 863/2002)

* analyzing the quality of the Report on EIA

Each methodological guideline comprises lists of questions to be answered in order to getall the necessary information to formulate conclusions related to the environmentalimpact of the project under discussions.

All these aspects have been taken into consideration in the project proposed.

After the implementation of the project under discussion the authorization procedure willfollow the provisions of MO 184/1997 - regarding the environmental audit/balance andMO 756/1997 - regarding the evaluation of the environment pollution.

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Environmental Impacts

The component B.2 supports sub-projects that are distributed virtually all over Romanianterritory. In total 13 tributary rivers of the Danube are affected by the assessed projects.

Out of the 17 sub-projects, 15 are either refurbishment measures at existing hydraulicstructures which will undergo repair and refurbishment to re-establish risk levels forflood damages and dam failure which are below internationally acceptable thresholds andto assure the future function of existing of water supply for domestic and industrial useand for irrigation purposes (11 projects) or additional flood protection measures at riverswhich have already been equipped with flood protection structures in the past (4projects). Environmental impacts of these refurbishment projects will be limited to theconstruction phase. In addition, their implementation will not change water quality andquantity or the hydrographic characteristics of flood events compared to an operation atthe nominal design values of the respective hydraulic structures.

Only in the cases of the sub-projects No. 3 (Cibin) and 10 (Teleorman-Cotmeana-Vedea-Vedita), new dikes will be introduced at tributaries where so far no flood protectionworks have been done.

Since in both sub-projects the river flow path will not undergo changes and the newhydraulic structures will not influence the water flow during normal conditions, these twosub-projects will only result in a very little increase in peak flood levels downstream ofthe project sites.

Neither project No. 3 nor project No. 10 will change water quality or water quantity ofthe respective river system.

In all assessed projects the present layout of the riverbeds downstream of the newhydraulic structures will be maintained after implementation. The proposed works willnot modify the natural alluvia transport. Also, the projected works will not have anegative effect on the present status of the surface or underground waters and will bear nonegative influence on the human-use facilities in the affected areas.

The proposed measures in all sub-projects are repair and construction works at existinghydraulic structures and in a few cases construction works for the erection of newstructures.

The environmental impacts of the proposed works are temporary and site specific(including the sites of borrow pits). In the following paragraphs a summary ofconstruction impacts and mitigation measures is given.

AIR

The environmental impacts to the ambient air quality will mainly be caused by buildingworks in the construction phase. These are typically noise and dust from earthworks (e.g.

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works in borrow pits and at the project sites) and from material transport. Most of theabove mentioned works can be characterized as heavy construction operations, whichhave been assessed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. According to Chapter13 of the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I:Stationary Point and Area Sources) the approximate emission factors for dust fromconstruction activity operations are 2.69 megagrams (Mg)/hectare/month of activity.

Dust emissions might arise as long as borrow pits and earthfill dikes are uncoveredduring dry and windy periods. Typically, fugitive dust emissions will only happen atwind speeds above 20 km/h and at days with an average precipitation of less than 1/100inches.

The suggested control measures are wet suppression and wind speed reduction. Becauseof the limited duration of construction works no permanent access roads will be builtwhich would have to be paved otherwise to control dust emissions.

NOISE

Raised noise levels because of earth works and materials transport will be limited to theworking hours of the construction period to the time from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Noiselevels can be controlled trough mufflers and a restriction of working hours to daytime,especially at project sites which are close to residential areas.

WATER

A possible environmental impact on water bodies adjacent to the construction sites ispollution from wastewater discharge. This impact can be controlled by wastewatercollection and controlled disposal.

WASTE

All solid and liquid wastes will have to be collected during construction. Romania iscurrently in the process of harmonizing its environmental legislation with EU directivesand EU Council decisions. In its latest report (status mid 2002) on this issue the EU cameto the conclusion that the best process has been made, among others, with respect towaste management legislation. Please refer to Appendix 5 for the current status of EUharmonization of Romanian legislation within the Environmental Acquis. The physicalstatus of disposal sites like landfills and incineration sites however could no be changedin the same time since this requires major investments. Until August 2003 the EC expectsa listing from the Romanian Government, which will show which landfills do alreadyconfirm with EU standards and which will have to be improved. The contractors for theproposed works within this component of the RO-HRMEP will be required to dispose

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Voltune II: Flood and Landslides Risk Reduction Component

any hazardous waste that might arise in the course of project implementation in a waythat confirms with EU standards, i.e. at waste disposal sites or in waste incinerationfacilities that confirm with EU standards. If this is not possible at this time the wastes willhave to be placed in temporary storages and disposed when disposal facilities thatconfirm with EU standards are available.

FAUNA AND FLORA

Vegetation will be affected at borrow pits when the vegetation is removed to open a pitand where vegetation is to be removed at the building sites of dikes. Neither project sitesnor borrow pits will be located in sensitive or protected areas. This has been confirmedby the Ministry of the Environment (please refer to Appendix 6). Moreover, nosupplementary list of critical natural habitats as specified in OP 4.04, Annex A, par. 1 (b)exists. Please refer to Appendix 7 for the confirmation by ECSSD (World Bank OfficeRomania).

Vegetation will be replanted according to the initial status before the start of excavationor construction works.

SOIL

The earth works as proposed in the sub-projects will cause minor soil loss at the projectsites and local soil degradation at borrow pits.

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASSETS

There are no presently known historical or cultural assets at the construction sites. Thishas been confirmed by the Ministry of the Culture (please refer to Appendix 6). In case ofuneApected discoveries works will be stopped and the responsible authorities will beinformed to allow preservation.

POPULATION

None of the projects within the whole component B.2 involves resettlement of people. Allthe land which is required to build the new structures is already owned by the Romanianstate. The only possible impacts on the local population other than dust and noise fromconstruction works will be caused by temporary service disruptions (e.g. water or powersupply) or traffic distortions because of temporarily blocked access roads because ofconstruction works.

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SOCIAL IMPACT

The majority of projects chosen are located in areas that range below the Romanianaverage in terms of income and employment situation. Most of the projects chosen willhave a strong positive social impact by considerably improving the situation of the peopleliving in the project area, while negative impacts due to the project implementationremain minimal. Project implementation is expected to reduce the danger of floods andincrease the amount of water available for households and the economy. This is expectedto raise the attractiveness of the areas also for new investors.

As a precondition for the projects the Romanian Authorities have guaranteed that none ofthe projects leads to involuntary resettlement of persons including the relocation ofbuildings and that no private land will have to be acquired by the Romanian Authoritiesin the course of project implementation, as defined under OP 4.12. The land needed forthe construction of new works is all owned by the Romanian state.

CONCLUSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

No major adverse environmental impacts have been identified. All minor adverseenvironmental impacts are limited to the construction period of the respective projects.For these impacts an appropriate mitigation measures have been designed (please refer tosection 0). The mitigation measures will become part of the tender documents for theproposed works and will finally be included in the construction contracts. Please alsorefer to Appendix 8 which contains a summary of standard environmental contractconditions in Romania.

The assessed sub-projects do meet all the requirements given by the World Bank and byRomania.

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Mitigation Plan

Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of(all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementationcourse of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for thestatus as of 07/2003)

Construction Noise - Restrict working hours to the time from 7:30 am to 7:30 Contractor P1U Environmentalpm. In the vincinity of domestic areas the maximum Expertallowed immision noise level is 55 dB(A) at daytime(07:00- 22:00) and 45dB(A) at nigh time (PPH 98 GeneralEnvironmental Guidelines) or less if Romanianrequirements (e.g. on the determination of the base noiselevel) are more stringent)

- Require mufflers on equipment according to Law No608/2001 and GD 21/2001 (product conformity) and otherapplicable Romanian legislation

- Provide information to publicPollutant emissions - Require construction machinery and transport vehicles that Contractor PIU Environmentalfrom internal comply with GD 743/2002 (approval procedure for non- Expertcombustion engines road mobile machinery including emission standards) and

other applicable Romanian legislationDust - Controlled excavation Contractor PIU Environmental

- Cover haul trucks carrying fill material Expert- Wash tires and water access roads and open pits during dry

periods- Immission limits according to MO 592/2002 (ambient air

quality, including PMO and PM2,5 thresholds) have to bekept

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Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of(all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementationcourse of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for the

._________ ________________ status as of 07/2003)Construction Damage to vegetation - Survey site and provide protection to trees and important Contractor PIU Environmental

vegetation Expert- Limit construction disturbance where possible- Re-plantation with removed species- Siting of project sites and borrow pits according to Law

462/2001 (status of natural protected area, natural habitatsand species of wild flora and fauna conservation) ), andother applicable Romanian legslation

Pollution from - Collection, pumping transport and disposal Contractor PIU Environmentaldischarge of untreated - Provide parallel service where needed Expertwastewater from work - All measures that have to be taken according to GDpreparation site 188/2002 and GD 118/2002 (discharge of waste water and

dangerous substances into aquatic bodies), and otherapplicable Romanian legislation

Excavated material - As much as possible reuse on site Contractor PLU Environmentalhandling and soil loss - Dispose of excess property controlled excavation Expertto adjacent water - Pumping to control groundwater intrusionbody, and - Control of runoffsedimentation; - Controlled disposal of all arising solid and liquid wastesConstruction waste Disposal is to be done according to Ministerial Orderdisposal (MO) No. 867/2002 (disposal on landfills), Government

Decision (GD) 128/2002 and MO No. 867/2002 (wasteincineration), GD 856/2002 (hazardous waste) and otherapplicable Romanian legislation . Insofar the currentlyavailable disposal sites or incineration plants in the vicinityof the project site do not comply to EU standards for thewaste types to be disposed, the arising wastes and wastewaters have to be stored temporarily and transported to aEU-compliant disposal site at the earliest opportumity.

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Phase Issue Mitigating Measure Implementation Supervision of(all referenced Romanian legislation has been enacted in the Cost Implementationcourse of EU harmonization, please refer to Appendix 5 for thestatus as of 07/2003)

Construction Service disruption - Provide information to utilities and the public Contractor PIU Environmental(e.g. water supply, - Co-ordinate with local service providers Expertpower supply etc.) - Provide parallel service where neededBlocked access to - Provide information to public Contractor PIU Environmentaladjacent properties - Provide temporary access Expert

Security, health and - Provide traffic management plan and signage where Contractor PIU Environmentalsafety of workers and needed Expertthe public - Require fencing and watchmen

- Warning signs- Use correct procedures and personal protective equipment- Development and implementation of a safety and health

plan according to Article 3 of the EU Council Directive92/57/EEC for each project site

Pollution to water - Prohibit discharge or disposal of any construction material Contractor PlU Environmentalbodies into water according to GD 188/2002 and GD 118/2002 Expert

(discharge of waste water and dangerous substances intoaquatic bodies), Law No. 458/2002, GD 100/2002 and MO377/2001 (quality of water for human consumption andquality of surface waters for drinking water supply), GD201/2002 and 202/2002 (surface water quality to protectfish life), and other applicable Romanian legislation

Cultural and historical - Stopping the work and investigation by the responsible Contractor PIU Environmentalassets (if met during authority Expertexcavation works)

Operation N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 1: Mitigation Plan

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Monitoring plan

Phase What parameter is to be Where How When Why Cost Responsibility Reporting tomonitored? is the parameter is the is the parameter is the parameter EMO

to be parameter to to be monitored? to be monitoredmonitored? be Frequency of (optional)?

monitored? measurement orcontinuous?

Construc- Vegetation Construction Visual 1 x before start of N/A Contractor Contractor Contractortion sites assessment of works

Borrow pits existing 1 x afterspecies + finalization ofPhoto- construction worksdocumen- 1 x aftertation finalization of

replantationHistorical and cultural Construction Visual When required To preserve the Contractor Contractor Contractorassets sites assets

Borrow pitsSolid and liquid wastes Construction Weighing Daily To assure Contractor Contractor Contractor

sites Volumetric controlledmeasurement disposal

State of works (erection) N/A N/A Daily To allow timing Contractor Contractor Contractorof mitigationmeasures

Structural status of N/A N/A once per six month To check the Contractor Contractor Contractorrefurbished dam or dike hydraulic

structure stabilitySpillage where At the place of Visual When required N/A Contractor Contractor Contractorapplicable the accidentNoise immission levels At the project Sound level Daily To check the Contractor Contractor Contractor

site border and detector compliance withat the closest the Standardsneighboring 6156/86property_

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Phase What parameter is to be Where How When Why Cost Responsibility Reporting tomonitored? is the parameter is the is the parameter is the parameter EMO



TSP and PM 10 At the closest Romanian At least once after To check the Contractor Contractor Contractorimmission or deposition neighboring imission start of compliance with

property measuring construction works Law Nodownwind of the standard for (immission 608/2001 andproject site PM deposition concentrations) or GD 21/2001

or equivalent monthlyinternational (deposition)standard

River discharge Upstream and Calibrated Daily Monitoring of Covered under EPI Environmentaldownstream of water gauge Hourly during downstream normal budget of Expert ofnew hydraulic flood events effects on water Apele Romane or Apele Romanestructures levels SNIF, or SNIF,

respectively respectivelyChanges in river course Downstream of Visual 1 x before start of To monitor the Covered under EPI Environmentaland river bed new hydraulic assessment + works change from the normal budget of Expert of

structures Photo annually after natural pattern of Apele Romane or Apele Romanedocumentatio finalization of flooding SNIF, or SNIF,n works respectively respectively

Operate Demographic changes in Floodplains and Assessment of Before start of To monitor the Covered under EPI Environmentalthe floodplain watershed areas available works demographic normal budget of Expert of

downstream of demographic Annually after impact of new Apele Romane or Apele Romanenew hydraulic data finalization of structures SNIF, or SNIF,structures works respectively respectively

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Phase Whatparameter is to be Where How When Why Cost Responsibility Reporting tomonitored? is the param eter is the is the parameter is the parameter EMO



* pH and temperature * Upstream Covered under EPI Environmental[°C] the project normal budget of Expert of

* TDS [mg/i] site * To check Apele Romane or Apele Romane* Sediments [mg/l] * Downstream water quality SNIF, or SNIF,* Dissolved Oxygen the project for water users respectively respectively

[mg/i] site PH-meter, According G.D. * To take early* Only in case of * At the thermometers, 100/2002 actions in case

accidents: heavy project site Laboratory of accidentalmetals, phenols, facilitates water pollutioncyanides, oil andgrease

Table 2: Monitoring Plan

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Volune m: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Institutional Strengthening

Training programs will be designed for PIU Office and local consultants and contractor's staff,such as the engineers and technicians designated for carrying out environmental mitigation andmonitoring activities.

The environmental specialist of the PIU who is responsible for assuring that the environmentalrequirements as stipulated in Romanian environmental law and regulations are followed, andwho is experienced in organizing training seminars with respect to monitoring and evaluationof environmental data, will organize and implement such training programs.

The technical staff of PIU and the consultants who will be delegated with the responsibility ofthe environmental specialist for the monitoring of mitigation activities at the sites shall beattending the training programs and the workshops organized periodically.

The training programs will cover the current legislation related to the environment, themitigation measures to be taken and the techniques of sampling and analysis, and the sessionswill last approximately one day. They will be organized in the PIU and in the constructionsites. At least one person from each consulting firm and from the PIU Office is designated forthe environmental monitoring in each of the construction sites to participate in the meetings.For these programs, there will not be any additional cost to the allocated budget.

Collection of Data: Monitoring data will be collected by the local Environmental ProtectionInspection (EPI). The collected data will be transferred to the Project Directorate of PIU withmonthly reports prepared by those.

Analysis of Data: Data will be filed in the PIU and analysis of data will be carried out by theProject Directorate of PIU. The results of the analysis will be used to check the effectiveness ofmitigation measures, and if required, to revise/modify the mitigation plan.

Reporting: The report with monitoring data will be prepared by PIU environment specialist andforwarded to the PIU Directorate quarterly. However, in case of noticing any unusual situation,the report will be sent to the Directorate of PIU for immediate action to take measures. Theformat for the quarterly reports shall be prepared by the environmental specialist of PIIJ inorder to provide comparable and compatible monitoring data from different retrofitting sites.

Decisions: The decisions in relation to the modification of the mitigation measures, informingthe relevant authorities, etc. are taken by the PIU.

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Volume m: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Public Consultations

The people and NGOs who are affected by the assessed sub-projects have been consulted for onlysix of the proposed sub-projects in the past. No objections have been raised according toRomanian authorities, but no minutes of public meetings are available.

Therefore it has been decided that a second round of public consultations is required, this timecovering all projects. These meetings have been conducted in May and June 2003. Prior to themeetings available environmental information from the draft EMP (i.e. a summary of the EMPreport and of the relevant project specific appendices in Romanian language) has been disclosedat publicly accessible places (libraries, city halls etc.) and the interested inhabitants and NGOs ofthe area have been invited to the meetings through advertisements in the local press and throughlocal radio broadcasts. No objections have been raised against any of the projects during thesemeetings. The minutes of the meetings have been attached to the EMP report in Appendix 1.

Table 3 on the next page shows the status of public consultations (dates and places of publicmeetings and dates when the respective minutes became available).

During all public meetings no objections have been raised against any sub-project.

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Volune m: Risk Reduction of Mning Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Romania Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness ProjectComponent B.2 Flood Risk MitigationTable: Public Consultations- Minutes

Project Public Location/ Newspapers/DateConsultation

No. Date (D/MNY, Water Direction (D.A.) Submitted by the local authorityhour)

Minute no. Date (DIMNY)1 TARNA 31.05.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Tama Mare Adevarul/24.05.2003

locality, Satu Mare county1378131.05.2003 D.A. SOMES - TISA Informatia Zilei/20.05.03

21.05.032 TARNAVA 31.05.2003, Town Hall Jidvel commune, Adevarul/1 7.05.03

11:00 Alba county285/31.05.2003 D.A. MURES Unirea/17.05.03

14.05.033 CIBIN 09.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Sibiu city, Sibiu Adevarul/17.05.03

county54260/09.06.2003 D.A. OLT Tribuna Sibiului/17.05.03

19.05.034 BEGA 05.06.2003,12.00 Town Hall Balint, Timis Ziua/17.05.03

county967/05.06.2003 D.A. BANAT Renasterea Baneteana/17.05.03

6 BABADAG 07.06.2003 11:00 Babadag Townhall, Tulcea Adevarul / 23.05.2003116107.06.2003 county Delta / 23.05.2003

D.A.DOBROGEA-LITORAL7 VALSAN 06.06.2003 14:30 Musetesti Townhall, Arges Romania Libera / 24.05.2003

county Observator / 15.03.2003D.A. ARGES - VEDEA

8 PRUT 05.06.2003,11:00 Town Hall Galaiesti, lasi Romania Libera/17.05.03county

1810/05.06.2003 D.A. PRUT Monitorul de lasi/15.05.0315.05.03

9 TELEORMAN- 04.06.2003,14:30 SGA Teleorman, Alexandria Romania Libera/24.05.03COTMEANA- city, Teleorman countyVEDEA-VEDITA 05.06.2003,14:30 Town Hall Colonesti, Olt Teleormanul/17.05.03

county6368/04.06.2003 D.A. ARGES -VEDEA Olt press/1 7.05.03517/05.06.2003 15.05.2003 SGA Teleorman

19.05.2003 Colonesti10 BENTU 24.05.2003, 10:00 Commune Stelnica, Adevarul #4004 /14.05.2003

lalomita County - townhallNN/24.05.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.2003

11 BORDUSANI 07.06.2003 Commune Bordusani, Adevarul #4004 /14.05.2003lalomita County - townhall

NN / 07.06.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.200312 FACAIENI 31.05.2003 Commune Facaeni, Adevarul #4004/14.05.2003

lalomita county - townhallNN / 31.05.2003 Tribuna lalomitei #1541/13.05.2003

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Romania Hazard Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness ProjectComponent B.2 Flood Risk MitigationTable: Public Consultations- Minutes

Public Location/ Newspapers/DateConsultation

No. Project Date (DIM/Y, Water Direction (D.A.) Submitted by the local authorityProject hour)

Minute no. Date (D/MlY)13 BERDU 14.06.2003, 10:00 The Center for the olders Adevarul/24.05.2003

1751/14.06.2003 persons in Baia Mare Graiul Maramuresului/21.05.03D.A. SOMES -TISA

14 VARSOLT 07.06.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Varsolt locality, Adevarul/24.05.2003Satu Mare county Jurnalul Salajului/20.05.03

1172/07.06.2003 D.A. SOMES - TISA 20.05.0315 MANECIU 07.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Maneciu, Romania Libera/17.05.03

Prahova county Prahova/1 7.05.034255/07.06.2003 D.A. IALOMITA- BUZAU 13.05.03

16 LESU 07.06.2003 10:00 Bulz Commune Hall, Bihor Adevarul / 17.05.2003918/07.06.2003 county Crisana / 17.05.2003

D.A. CRISURI17 DRIDU 07.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Dridu, lalomita Romania Libera/17.05.03

county Gazeta de Sud-Est/16.05.03756/07.06.2003 D.A. IALOMITA- BUZAU 13.05.03

18 POIANA UZULUI 05.06.2003, 10:00 Town Hall Darmanesti Romania Libera/16.05.03locality, Bacau county Desteptarea/1 5-16/05.03

3686/05.06.2003 D.A. SIRET 15.05.0319 VALEA DE 04.06.2003, 10:00 Petrosani Townhall, Adevarul / 17.05.2003

PESTI 943/04.06.2003 Hunedoara county Matinal / 17.05.2003D.A. JIU

20 SIRIU 14.06.2003 Siriu Townhall, Buzau Romania Libera / 17.05.20031893/14.06.2003 county Opinia / 17-18.05.2003

D.A. IALOMITA - BUZAU21 SANMIHAIUL 03.06.2003,12:00 Town Hall Sanmihaiul Ziua/17.05.03

ROMAN Roman, Timis county Renasterea Banateana/17.05.031414/03.06.2003 D.A. BANAT 17.05.03

22 PUCIOASA 14.06.2003, 11:00 Pucioasa Townhall, Romania Libera / 17.05.20037604/14.06.2003 Dambovita county Dambovita / 17.05.2003

D.A. IALOMITA-BUZAU23 CATAMARASTI 05.06.2003, 11:00 Town Hall Mihai Eminescu Romania Libera/17.05.03

2618/05.06.03 commune, Botosani county Monitorul de Botosani/15.05.03D.A. PRUT 15.05.03

24 TARIA 10.06.2003,12:00 Town Hall Bozovici, Caras- Ziua/17.05.03Severin county

2226/11.06.2003 D.A. BANAT Timpul/17.05.0325 BUFTEA 10.06.2003,14:30 Buftea Townhall, llfov Romania Libera / 21.05.2003

5297/10.06.2003 county National / 21.05.2003D.A. ARGES - VEDEA

Table 3: Public consultations status matrix

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GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

HAZARDS RISK MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT


Volume III

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANAND

ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Hazard Prevention and Remediation Interventions

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANAND ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

I. Introduction

The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to comply with World BankOP4.01 on Environmental Assessment and to comply with the requirements of the RomanianEnvironmental Protection Law (EPL) 137/1995. This EMP focuses on the proposed physicalinterventions under the Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component ofthe Hazards Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project.

II. General Component Overview

The objective of the Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component is toreduce the risk of water and soil contamination, and loss of human and aquatic life fromcatastrophic mining accidental spills of pollutants. It will also demonstrate and provide forreplication for the reduction of accidental mining transboundary pollution loads flowing into theDanube and Black Sea basins. In support of the above-mentioned objectives, this componentwill assist in the implementation of mitigation and hazard prevention activities. Two high-priority sites have been identified for hazard prevention interventions during the initial phase ofthe project: Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa mines. Additional mine sites are expected to beidentified during project implementation. A key indicator of the component's success is thegradual reduction in the number and impacts of mining accidental spills of pollutants into theTisza Basin.

Implementation of the proposed component will results in the gradual reduction in the numberand impacts of mining accidental spills of pollutants into the Tisza Basin through: (i) theestablishment of a baseline and environmental monitoring system to monitor mining relatedimpacts on streams and aquatic ecosystems and soil; (ii) the identification of best practices andimplementing efficient and cost-effective prevention and remediation measures in high-priorityhot spots in the Tisza basin, aiming at improving the safety and management of tailings damsand waste facilities; (iii) the development of environmental and engineering guidelines fortailings dams and waste facilities; (iv) the strengthening of regional mine spill disaster responsesystem; and (v) the promotion and support of transboundary cooperation on integrated waterresources management for the Tisza basin.

The following sections provide background information of the main hazards and risks faced bythe high-priority hot stops in the Tisza Basin, namely Rosia Poieni and Baia Borsa Mines; anddescribe the environmental management plan associated with the implementation of efficient andcost-effective hazard prevention and remediation measures.

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III. BACKGROUND OF EACH SELECTED MINE

A. TAILINGS DAMS FACILITIES AND WASTE FACILITIES ASSOCIATED

WITH THE ROSIA POIENI MINE

The mine is located in the south part of Aries valley in the Apuseni Mountains, at a distance of 6km from the nearest town. It is the largest copper open-pit operation in Romania, the total areaoccupied being 40 km3. The mine operation involves the Rosia Poieni open-pit, a processingplant, three waste dumps and three tailings dams facilities (TDFs), out of which two (Valea Seseiand Valea Stefancei 2) are operational. Extraction of ore containing chalkopyrite and ancillarysulphide mineralization started in the 1970s. Ore recovery is accomplished by drill and blastquarrying of low grade disseminated and vein minerals, involving high tonnage with low grade.

The main river within the area is the Aries river at 3 km from the mine site. The relief in the areaconsists mainly of mountains and valleys. Although the natural slopes are generally moderatelysteep and stable, some signs of recent mass movements could be observed. The principal landuse is forest and pastures.

The mining waste is disposed of on three waste dumps, two of which are located upstream ofValea Sesei operational tailings lagoon. The waste dumps associated with the mining operationsstore a total of 130 million tons. According to the opinion of the management of the miningcompany and of independent experts, the Valea Cuibarului waste dump and the Valea Sesei TDFraise the most serious environmental problems.

Valea Cuibarului waste dump constitutes the largest waste dump by height and volume of theRosia Poieni Mine, the total height of the dump being estimated to 250-300 m. The nearesthabitation is 200-250 m from the toe of the dump. It is an active dump for low grade ores andsterile rock from the mine, which are tipped down a natural slope , merging into a valley slopingtowards the Valea Sesei TDF . The waste rock is deposited from lorries and no compaction ordeposition in incremental benches is implemented. As a result of the construction method thedump presents potential for geotechnical instability and difficulties in controlling contaminatedleachate and run-off.

The sulphide bearing minerals are under favourable oxidising conditions to generate ARD. As aconsequence of not creating separate waste dumps for steriles and low grade ore, as well as theabundant precipitation, the combined tip is generating large amounts of ARD. An additionalproblem was created by the uncontrolled natural bacterial leaching process spontaneously startedwithin the dump. This contributes to increasing production of ARD and accelerates theweathering process within the dump, degrading the material and decreasing it's geomechanicalstrength properties.

There is a risk that a failure of the dump may occur, especially in seasons with high precipitationand additional infiltration of the ground due to melting snow. The impact could be devastating ifthe slipped mass reaches the TDF. The dump produces large amounts of acidic rock drainage(ARD), the annual average runoff is estimated to about 85 1/s. The ARD from the dump is

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directly discharged into a stream emerging at the toe of the dump which reaches the Valea SeseiTDF after about 1.5-2.0 km.

According to the data provided by the local environmental authorities, the chemical compositionof the stream downstream the dump shows pH values between 1.4-2..5 (highly acidic). Thevalues for TSS, dissolved solids and the heavy metal content exceed by far the limits set out bythe standards, which demonstrates the high potential for soil and water contamination.

Valea Sesei is a valley type upstream TDF with a designed capacity of 110 million tons, whichcurrently stores 30 million t of fine grained tailings. The present dam height is 76 m, the finallevel will be approximately 110 m high. It covers an area of approximately 300 ha and itscircumference is about 14 km.

The materials used for dam construction is limestone rockfill quarried from nearby deposits.Originally three inverse decantation systems were installed, but currently only one is stilloperational, the other two having been blocked. The TDF does not have a diversion drainagesystem for surface runoff, thus all surface drainage from the catchment area is collected in theTDF and discharged through the decant system.

Process tailings with a pH of around 10.5 are discharged close to the containment wall. Acidicwater with a high content of heavy metals that enters the pond should theoretically neutralize, butdue to the large surface of the TDF and its irregular shape flows directly into the decantfacilities and subsequently is released into the environment.

A failure of the upstream waste dump (Valea Cuibarului) could trigger large, rapid massmovements, especially in seasons with high precipitation and melting snow. Such a slipped massmay reach the TDF causing overtopping of the embankment dam and displacement of acidicwater which would cause a large soil and groundwater contamination, entailing seriousenvironmental damages to nearby localities. The measurements carried out for the Aries River,downstream of wastewater discharge points show values exceeding standards for heavy metals,TSS and pH. This poses a serious problem, as the river is the only drinkable water source formany localities in the region.

The components of the mining operation, which have been assigned a particularly high riskduring the project identification phase are listed in the table below.

Element Identifled Risk/Hazard and Proposed RemediationMeasure(s)

Valea Cuibarului Waste Dump Generation of high amounts of ARD, leaching heavy metalsfrom the waste rock and low grade ore, geotechnicallyweakening the rock fabric and having a negative impact on thedownstream TDF Valea Sesei. Proposed remediation measure:Inhibition of ARD Generation. The alternatives for inhibitingARD generation are: (i) upstream inhibition at the waste dump(best by avoiding rain and melt-water infiltration of the wastedump by surface sealing and drainage management); (ii)downstream treatment or mitigation measures (e. g. by

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neutralization with limestone slurry, neutralization with alkalitailings).

Geotechnical failure of waste dump debris flows due to heavyprecipitation, damage of property, livestock and human livesdownstream. Triggering of flood-waves in downstream TDFValea Sesei. Proposed remediation measure: Waste dumpstabilization measures, which include avoiding rain and melt-water infiltration of the waste dump by surface sealing anddrainage management, constructive measures to decrease theoverall slope angle, improve compaction of the materials andintroduce berms. Special, localized measures can encompassretaining walls, pileworks or geotextiles/geogrids) to stabilizeparticularly hazardous areas.

Valea Sesei TDF Depletion of dam rockfill material (limestone) and subrosionof limestone dam base and abutments by ARD, increase ofseepage and loss of fines through and under the dam body,geotechnical destabilization. Proposed remediation measure:Dam stabilization measures which include drainage borings,injections into the dam body, the tailings in front of the damand the dam base/abutments. Before such works extensivehydraulic studies must determine the extent and exactlocalization of the major ARD flowpaths.

Valea Sesei and Valea Blockage or collapse of decantation system. ProposedStefancei No. 2 TDFs remediation measure: Upgrading or contingency system, e. g.

with HDPE (high density polyethylene) pipes along thecurrent TDF boundary, thus bypassing damaged systems

Valea Stefancei No. 1 TDF Blockage of spillway, erosion of dam crest/body andsubsequent loss of tailings by overspill. Proposed remediationmeasure: Upgrading of spillway by widening the crosssection, installing flood protection grids, drift wood sorters or

I similar and repairing intake and outflow structures.

B. TAILINGS DAMS FACILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BAIA BORSA MINE

The Baia Borsa mine for non ferrous metals (Copper, Zinc and Lead) is located near Borsatownship in Maramures County. Ore is transported from the typically underground mines to theprocessing plant by truck (where the mine is at a remote location) or by underground railcar to amore proximal plant. The mine has a combined production of approximately 0.4 million tons peryear. The mine is state-owned and in the last three years has had a reduction of capacity from 1.1million tons to 0.44 million tons. This was due to mine closure of uneconomical parts of themine complex. Six mines and a processing plant were shut down in 1997. The remaining minecomplex produces lead/zinc concentrate and copper concentrate. The equipment used is said tobe 40 years old. The processing plants have utilized a total of five tailing deposit facilities (TDF).Three of these, known as Dl, D2 and D3 are disused, two were shut down in 1997.Two dams(DI and D3) have been repaired, the third has not.

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The currently active tailings lagoon is known as Novat Pond. Another valley type dam, Colbu Iand II (a combination structure) is used as a stand by and contingency facility. Novat dam had amajor failure in 10 March 2000, whilst Colbu II failed in May 1997. Novat was said to be one ofonly two closed circuit dams in Romania, where all the discharge water is being recycled. Anemergency decant facility for high inflow was not present, the consequences of which have beencatastrophic: A 2.5 meter snow cover and a 5 hour period of heavy rainfall led to an uncontrolledrise of the water level in the TDF. The resultant overspill caused the dam structure to totally fail.There were no sufficient contingency measures or emergency plans to cope with theseconditions. More than a third of the wall washed out, destroying a second dam downstream andseverely damaging a third, which was a collection dam for uncontrolled discharge.

The main river within the area is Cisla river. The relief in the area is mainly mountains andvalleys. The natural slopes are steep to moderately steep and stable. The main land use within 1km of the Novat TDF is forest (90%). The geological hazards in the area are negligible, with alow degree of seismicity.

The ecosystems present in the area are specific for mountains areas. The region has highimportance (local and regional) for protection of rare/endangered species, protected areas andbiodiversity and habitat preservation.

Novat Pond commenced operation in 1994. It's design capacity lies at 25 million tons of tailingswith an annual deposition rate of around 1.6 million t. With currently around 9 million tons ofstored tailings it's forecast operational life will cover another 10 years. Tailings are fed into theTDF via a 7 km long tunnel from the processing plant in Baia Borsa. The designed transportcapacity is 500-600 tons/hour. The process water is completely recycled and reintroduced via apumping station adjacent to the pond. Besides the main embankment dam, three more minor damstructures exist: an upstream diversion dam to divert surface drainage water from the Novat riverinto a bypass gallery and two seepage collection dams downstream the TDF. Access to the pondis very difficult.

The crest of the embankment dam is situated at about 805 m above sea level, it's current heightabut 30 meters. Design foresees the embankment to be lifted by another 40 meters increasing thefinal height to about 70 meters. The total freeboard is estimated to 2.5-3.0 m of which about 2.0m are embankment freeboard. The construction method of the damn alternates between upstreamtailings discharge by single or multiple spigots and downstream construction with hydrocyclonesfor lifting the dam. The nearby geological environment of the dam consists of highly sheared andfractured dark, possibly graphitic phyllites.

No hydrogeological or technical monitoring equipment (inclinometers, standpipes) areinstalled at the embankment.

At the bottom of the embankment dam strong seepage and flowing discharge could beobserved in the area of the repaired breach. The discharged water is distinctly acidic, causingdeposition of reddish-ochre iron-oxi/hydroxides in the riverbed over several 100 m downstreamit's course. At the discharge points at the dam base build-up of ferrous crusts occurs. Theexfiltration waters deriving from the Novat Pond form a small river (flow rate estimated to 30-50I/s) and merge with the Novat river about 200 m downstream from the pumping station.

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Surface water, particularly from Novat river, is diverted by a small dam (about 5 m high) about400 m upstream the current waterline. The water is channeled into a gallery of about5 m width by 3 m height which bypasses the TDF in the eastern valley slope and surfaces belowthe second collection dam. The flow rate of Novat river was estimated to about 120 I/s (in arelatively dry period). During flood events and snowmelt several 100 I/s to m 3 /s are possible.The main decantation activities are accomplished by a pumping station immediately above thecurrent water level. It is equipped with three electrical pumps.

The components of the mining operation, which have been assigned a particularly high riskduring the project identification phase are listed in the table below.

Element Identified Risk/Hazard and Proposed RemediationMeasure(s)

Embankment Dam Continuous seepage through dam body, especially repairedbreach area from 2000 and subsequent loss of material(mainly fines). Risk of rapid and progressive piping failure.Proposed remediation measure: Sealing measures, such asinjections (of cement, bitumen or resins) at the breach areaand into the tailings in the beach area immediately upstreamof the breach. Dam and local tailings stabilization bymicropiles or mix-in-place techniques.

Rapid failure due to thixotropy/liquefaction (e. g., triggered bysmall seismic event or even machinery vibrations). Proposedremediation measure: Dam dewatering and stabilizationmeasures, e. g. the installation of controlled drainage pipes atthe dam base, additive reconstruction of the dam to its originalslope angle using geotextiles (reinforced ground, erosioncontrol) and installing proper filter layers and drainagesystems).

Decantation Facility Inverse decantation system has been recently upgraded,pumping station is in very poor repair and very close abovethe waterline (risk of flooding in case of rapid rise of pondsurface). Risk of repeated lack in dewatering capacity as inMarch 2000. Proposed remediation measure: Repair andupgrading of pumping station and inverse decant. Thepumping station should be placed sufficiently high over thecurrent pond level and allow for long term increase of theTDF level. New pumps should be installed with sufficientcapacity and backup/emergency extra capacities. The pumpsshould be connected to an emergency power supply.Upgrading works at the decantation facility have alreadystarted with the installation of a HDPE (high densitypolyethylene) pipe along the current TDF boundary, used as abypass and emergency system in case of pump failure.

IFunctionality, repair and maintenance of this existing system

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should be checked.

Access road and power supply Overall improvement of emergency response capabilities.Proposed remediation measure: pavement and upgrading ofroad, provision of winter service, installation of emergencypower supply, e. g., a diesel generator with sufficient capacityat the TDF. The generator has to be regularly tested andinstalled in a moderately warm location to avoid diesel

I coagulation due to frost.

The location of these two sites identified for the initial phase of project implementation areindicated on Figure 1.IV. PROPOSED HAZARD PREVENTION AND REMEDIATION MEASURES

The intent of the IBRD/GEF assistance is to mitigate or reduce the hazards/risks identifiedabove. Proposed measures that could be taken include the following:

(i) Provision on high-head pumping facilities at Rosia Poieni (Valea Sesei TDF) and BaiaBorsa (Novat TDF) to provide back up against overtopping failure

(ii) Provision of acid rock drainage (ARD) water treatment facilities downstream of RosiaPoieni (Valea Sesei and Stefancei TDFs) and Baia Borsa (Novat TDF) tailings dams toreduce the acidity of discharged waters

(iii) Communication improvements, (phone lines, radios, mobile phones, regular inspectionmeetings by TDF specialist engineers, standardized reporting forms and descriptiveterminology, regular emergency exercises and drills) including improvements to accessroad.

(iv) Dam stabilization measures include: at the dam structure (e.g., buttressing the damfoot/toe at Nocal TDF, strengthening of dam body at Novat and Stefancei I,impermeabilization of dam at Valea Sesei and Novat, stabilization of dam crest at Novatdam, emergency spillway at Noval and Stefancei I); upstream (e.g., flood diversionsystem at Novat, acid rock drainage at Valea Sesei, improvements in waste dumps atValea Sesei, drainage works for waste dumps at Rosia Poieni); and downstream (e.g.,back up dam at Novat, reconstruction of pumping station, cleaning up of spillage lyingbetween main dam and downstream.)

V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Without implementation of the project, the current situation of high risk of catastrophic miningaccidents in transboundary rivers would increase. This will result in continued high risk to safety,public health and aquatic ecosystems and poor water quality downstream. As a result, theadverse long-term condition will persist, continuing and long-term detrimental environmentalimpacts to rivers and downstream countries.

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The implementation of the proposed hazard prevention and remediation measures is vital forimproving the management and safety of mines, having a strong contribution to the long-termimprovement of water quality conditions in the Danube and Black Sea basins. It is anticipatedthat the works associated with the hazard prevention and remediation measures will have nosignificant impact on surroundings and most disruptions will be localized since most of theconstruction works will be done in properties owned by the mining companies and on the site ofthe existing tailings dams facilities. Most of the negative environmental impacts can beminimized or mitigated during the planning or implementation stage.

The Environmental Management Plan presented below identifies the environmental impacts andproposed mitigation measures for most of the prevention and remediation activities. It should benoted that at present feasibility studies are being conducted to identify the most appropriatemeasures that the project will support on the basis of comprehensive risk assessment analysis.

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Potential Negative Mitigation Opportunities Responsible Monitoring Requirements Responsible Agency forImpact or Party for Monitoring andConcern Implementin Enforcement (in order of

g Mitigation involvement)

A. CONSTRUCTION

Soil and water Avoid endangering existing Mine Periodic inspection as National Agency forcontamination by facilities by applying operator, civil advised by Romanian legal Mineral Resourcesrelease of tailings internationally accepted best works and technical standards and (NAMR); Ministry ofduring construction engineering practice and site contractors specific requirements of Agriculture, Forest Water

supervision. prevention and remediation and Environmentactivities (MAFWE)

Groundwater Provide adequate runoff and Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEpollution by drainage control (perimeter operator; civil advised by Romanian legalconstruction run- drainages, settlings ponds, works and technical standards andoffs recycling of process waters, e. g. contractors specific requirements of

from drilling, flushing etc.); prevention and remediationreplace all vegetation destroyed activitieswith vegetation of equalecological value and restore alltrench surfaces; follow activeRomanian construction normsand regulations.

Soil and water Use only officially approved, Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEcontamination by adequately supervised and operator; civil advised by Romanian legalimproper disposal managed, appropriate disposal works and technical standards andof demolition sites; follow construction contractors specific requirements ofdebris and waste standards. prevention and remediation

activities; ; environmentalmonitoring to be supportedunder the project

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Spillage of fuel Store tanks and drums on 1 10% Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEand oil capacity bases; forbid pouring operator; civil advised by Romanian legal

into soils or drains; enforce works and technical standards andadequate equipment maintenance contractors specific requirements ofprocedures; follow regulations prevention and remediationimposed by/agreed with local activitiesenvironmental authorities.Establish central storage areasequipped with appropriatesurface sealing, drainage, watercollection and oil separationsystems.

Damage to trees Replace all vegetation destroyed Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEand vegetative with vegetation of equal operator; civil advised by Romanian legalcover ecological value. Sedimentation works and technical standards and

and erosion control measures contractors specific requirements ofsuch as surface drainage prevention and remediationmanagement, quick reseeding of activitiesopened ground, slope andground surface stabilization withgeotextiles or bio-wicker-worksto minimize impacts onsurrounding vegetation andwaterways.

Noise and Establish schedule and other Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEvibration specific restrictions; limit work operator; civil advised by Romanian legaldisturbances to to daylight hours as possible; works and technical standards andlocal residents equipment to have noise contractors specific requirements of

suppression devices such as prevention and remediationnoise isolators (mufflers), activitiestemporary earthworks or noise-barriers and proper maintenanceof construction machinery; limit _

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excessive vibration in built-upareas by appropriate techniques,machinery and equipment (e. g.using roadheaders instead ofblasting, drilling instead oframming); follow localRomanian standards.

Dust generation Dust suppression measures: Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEwater sprinkling on dry, open operator; civil advised by Romanian legalground, , proper storage and works and technical standards andcover of excess materials contractors specific requirements of(excavated ground, tailings etc), prevention and remediationcleaning of sites upon activitiescompletion of activities, use oftarps or other fabrics(geotextiles, plastic covers) tocover loose storage material.

Current and There is no significant change of Mine Periodic inspection as NAMR; MAFWEfuture land use land use associated with the operator; civil advised by Romanian legal

project. The current use as works and technical standards andmining area will not be changed contractors specific requirements ofduring the project duration. prevention and remediationPrevention and remediation activitiesmeasures will occur at existingfacilities.

B. OPERATION

Soil and water Proactive risk reduction by Mine operator Check day-to-day operations. NAMR; MAFWE;contamination by implementing the overall goals Monthly reviews and National Dams Inspectionrelease of tailings und scope of this project inspections. Commission (CONSIB);

Set up operational monitoring Intemational Commissionsystem to detect the onset of Annual inspections to assess for the Protection of the

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dangerous situation. This shall tailings facilities. Danube River (ICPDR)include daily inspections of the Environmental monitoringembankment d am bodcy,.. .ombservtio dan qatti sampling at specified pointsobservation and quantitafive to deemn emsios~~~~~~~~~to determine emissions,Imeasurement of oufflows and fluctuations and anomalities.seepages from the dam body, Monitored media includeweekly high-precision surveys of water and soil, which arekey measurement points of the analyzed for key parametersdam cross-sections, installation indicative and typical ofof inclinometers and daily TDF, manely, pH,readings at critical dam sections. Tductinaey, H,C

conductivity, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sn,Set up manual for tailings Zn, etc.operation, tailings daminspection and emergencypreparedness and responseprocedures Check and enforcecompliance.

Process modification (increaseof ore recovery, reduction ofresidual ore in tailings, increaseefficiency of processing plants,reduce amount of process water,deposition of tailings as paste)at the mines could reducepotential for mid- to long-termwater contamination.

Provision of new pumpingequipment prior to construction(e. g., at Novat) to add extracontingencies in watermanagement and emergency

I response (e. g., lowering pond I

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level during maintenance/construction and in case ofobserved instabilities or unusualclimatic events).

Provision of new methods (e. g.,electrolytical metal recovery) tofacilitate treatment of ARD(mid- to long-term perspective)

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VI. Institutional Arrangements

In Romania, there are environmental regulations in force that makes control and supervision ofconstruction works mandatory. Contracts and bill of quantities will include clauses forappropriate disposal of unacceptable construction material and disposal of construction waste.Procurement documents will specify that no environmentally unacceptable materials will beused.

A. Development of the EMP

Project Identification. Once the feasibility studies are completed and the specific hazardmitigation activity is determined, the case-specific implementation of the EMP will be preparedby the Mine Operator, the local Environmental Inspectorate and Water Authorities (ApeleRomane). The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) under the National Agency for MineralResources (NAMR) will review the project definition and supervise the implementation.

Environmental Screening. The criteria to determine if and how detailed an environmentalanalysis will be needed are laid down in recently adopted Romanian legislation, which is inconcurrence with EU-legislation and contains checklists, directives and requirements forenvironmental monitoring for virtually all branches of industry, including mining and minewaste.

Specifically they are:

* Governmental Decision Nr. 918, 22 August 2002: Establishment of a FrameworkProgram to Evaluate Environmental Impacts. Impact Assessment Directives;

* Order of MWEP Nr. 860, 26 September 2002: Approval of the Procedure forEnvironmental Impact Assessment; and

* Order of MWEP 863, 26 September 2002: Approval of Methodological Guidelinesfor the Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment.

In the case of new TDFs, the environmental regulations advise the preparation of an EMPbecause of the following Environmental Checklist Criteria:

* Change in land use or land surface contours (altering runoff patterns)* Soil erosion (land clearing)* Interference with local aesthetic characteristics* Permanent loss of productive land from material deposition* Environmentally sensitive area involved (protected area, sensitive ecosystems)* Culturally sensitive area involved (temples, historically/archaeologically

significant etc.)* Large quantities of potentially harmful or toxic substances are involved

Environmental Documentation and Document Content. After the project is screened, adecision is made as to what type of document will be required to address environmental issues.

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Most of the subprojects will require, at most, a site specific environmental management plan(mitigation, monitoring, institutional arrangements). The local Environmental Inspectorates areresponsible for making the decision for the document type, who they consult with in making thatdecision and who is responsible for preparing the environmental management plan. Details arelaid down in the above quoted legal documents.

Review and Approval. The documentation for the EMP will be prepared by the Mine Operatorand sent to the local Environmental Inspectorates for review and approval.

Consultation . The PIU will initiate a task force in cooperation with the responsible authorities.The task force will arrange the public consultation with the project stakeholders. In addition, itshould be noted that for environmental sensitive projects, consultation is legally required (seeabove quoted legal documents and Romanian Environmental Protection Law No. 137, 1995) andgenerally organized by the local Environmental Inspectorates. Participation is open to allinterested parties. Consultation usually takes place after preparation of the draft environmentalassessment.

Disclosure. All environmental documentation is generally available to interested parties at thelocal Environmental Inspectorates, who are responsible for making it available and disclosing itto the public. The NAMR will receive key documents (to which the EMP belongs) forinformation.

B. Implementation of the EMP

During implementation of the EMP the steps sketched below will be followed. The responsibleinstitutions are also indicated below:

* Monitoring/Data Collection: Data are generated by (technical field personnel) MineOperators, Apele Romane and Environmental inspectorates.

* Data Analysis is performed by specialist staff (or outsourced to external Consultants)of the Mine Operator and supported by the local Environmental Inspectorates. Thelatter are also responsible for reporting and disclosure, as well as archiving andmaintenance of the information.

* The local Environmental Inspectorate evaluates the report and recommends action tothe Mine Operator. This will be implemented by Mine Management andsupervised/checked by local Environmental and Mining Authorities.

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Volumne HI: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

Figure 1: Location of the Two Sites Selected for the First Phase of Project Implementation

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Volume mI: Risk Reduction of Mining Accidents in the Tisza Basin Component

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