PUBLIC BUDGET AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Monitoring budget from a HR perspective: an experience from Brazil

Institute for Socioeconomic Studies

INESC - BACKGROUND INFORMATIONINESC - BACKGROUND INFORMATION

It was founded in 1979. We are a NGO with a political perspective to influence the decision makers to promote human rights and social justice

Since 1991 Inesc has developed strategies related to budget process. We use budget tools as the basis for strengthening and fostering citizenship rights.

We participate on national and international human rights networks and have developed budget monitoring projects in Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Central America and Netherlands.

HUMAN RIGHTS REALIZATIONHUMAN RIGHTS REALIZATION

International Treaties

Ferderal Constitution

Law

Public Policy

Budget

ABSTRACT

CONCRET

BUDGET AND RIGHTSA budget analysis method from the

perspective of human rights.

METHODOLOGY OF PUBLICBUDGET ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE

OF HUMAN RIGHTS.

METHODOLOGY OF PUBLICBUDGET ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE

OF HUMAN RIGHTS.GOAL

To establish concrete relations between public budget, guarantee of rights and confrontation of social inequalities

QUESTIONS

-To what degree are government programs and actions actually implementing rights and combating inequalities?

-How public policies are financed?

-How transparent is the budget for the public and how is the level of participation?

PUBLIC BUDGET AND HUMAN RIGHTSPUBLIC BUDGET AND HUMAN RIGHTS Apply the maximum of its available

resources to promote human rights (ICESCR obligation – art. 2);

Promote the progressive implementation of human rights – civil, political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, sexual and reproductive rights (ICESCR obligation – art. 2);

Guarantee the ESCR without discrimination of any kind as race, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, birth or other status;

Ensure its financing with social justice, (including the fair distribution of revenues that came from the exploitation of natural resources) .

The State should:

MAXIMUM OF ITS AVAILABLE RESOURCES: PUBLIC DEBT SERVICES

MAXIMUM OF ITS AVAILABLE RESOURCES: PUBLIC DEBT SERVICES

- 20 - 30% of the Brazilian Federal Budget is expended in interests, charges and amortization of the public debt.

- Brazil has maintained the highest interest rate of any large economy.

- In the 2000-2007 period, the federal budget spent US$ 429.54 billion on debt service.

- Huge impact on available resources for social policies.

BRAZILIAN PUBLIC BUDGET IS FINANCEDBY THE POOR PEOPLE AND APPROPRIATED BY THE WEALTHY DUE TO

A REGRESSIVE TAXATION OVER CONSUMPTION

BRAZILIAN PUBLIC BUDGET IS FINANCEDBY THE POOR PEOPLE AND APPROPRIATED BY THE WEALTHY DUE TO

A REGRESSIVE TAXATION OVER CONSUMPTION

Percentage of family income committed to tax payment in Brazil

TB 2004

TB 2008

até 2 minimum wage 48,8% 53,9%

2 a 3 minimum wage 38% 41,9%

3 a 5 minimum wage 33,9% 37,4%

5 a 6 minimum wage 32% 35,3%

6 a 8 minimum wage 31,7% 35%

8 a 10 minimum wage 31,7% 35%

10 a 15 minimum wage 30,5% 33,7%

15 a 20 minimum wage 28,4% 31,3%

20 a 30 minimum wage 28,7% 31,7%

mas de 30 minimum wage 26,3% 29%

Total 32,8% 36,2%

Strategies1. To produce qualified technical and political information about

tax justice and the impact in the fulfillment of human rights

Mobilizing organizations and citizens: Protest in São Paulo against conservative Tax Reform

Public Hearings in the Parliament

PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: STEPSPROGRESSIVE REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: STEPS

Some methodological guidelines to analyze government programs and actions in a progressive realization perspective:

• 1) Define the rights and inequality dimensions that will be analyzed, starting with an analysis of the conjuncture and political context, based on dialogue and networking with SCOs and social movements (Interaction HR groups )

• 2) Choose certain programs and actions which express government

initiatives to implement rights and also the inequality dimensions selected. (definition of the policy to be analyzed)

• 3) Verify disaggregated human rights indicators (National HR Indicator

System) – Huge inequalities around different groups

PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: STEPSPROGRESSIVE REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: STEPS

4) Analysis of the framework and the nature of the program (Reference :National HR Plan)

• · What is the nature of the program and its actions?• · What is the scope (benefits granted versus potential universe)?• · What is the legal status of the program?• · Is program designed from the perspective of rights and no-discrimination?• · Is it articulated with other policies? • · Is there a federative articulation (decentralization)? • • 5)Budget: allocation, expenditure and evaluation (Data must be available)• Verify the existence of short-, middle-, and long-term goals for government

actions?• What is the size of the expenditure (amount of funds destined)?• What extend the budget allocated is sufficient to achieve the goals?• Verify under expenditures.

LABOUR INCOME:Poverty, redistribution and income inequality

1.326,1 1.278,3

753,3 797,1

599,0 649,0

357,9

436,5

1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Renda média da ocupação principal (em Reais)

Homens brancos Mulheres brancas Homens negros Mulheres negras

51

.53

4

48

.90

9

48

.13

6

49

.70

4

13

.91

1

45

.43

3

32

.01

5

26,6

26,1

11,7

21,8

26,528,8

26,9

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Homicídios Taxa por 100 mil hab.

Brazil – Homicide Rate – disaggregated by sex and race (black and white male population) 2000 - 2006

15.000

17.000

19.000

21.000

23.000

25.000

27.000

29.000

31.000

Branca 18.712 19.348 19.536 19.306 17.590 16.142 15.578

Negra 24.763 26.479 28.142 29.238 28.586 29.097 29.563

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Expenditures Federal Budget – Brazil – 2010/ 2011 (R$)

Função 2010 2011

Variação 2011/2010

N %

DEBT SERVICES and TRANSFERENCES 476.319.994.281 450.391.946.201 -25.928.048.080 -5,4%

PUBLIC SECURITY 9.502.055.102 7.533.441.410 -1.968.613.692 -20,7% JUDICIARY 23.517.313.126 22.335.731.449 -1.181.581.677 -5,0%

URBAN 3.778.382.231 3.162.581.247 -615.800.984 -16,3% ENVIROMENT 4.219.649.402 3.643.126.510 -576.522.892 -13,7% SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 6.741.809.349 6.314.848.553 -426.960.797 -6,3%

CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS 1.796.184.086 1.438.091.930 -358.092.156 -19,9% Agrarian Reform and Familiar Agriculture 3.782.010.807 3.521.981.478 -260.029.329 -6,9%

CULTURE 1.167.426.438 985.661.181 -181.765.257 -15,6% COMUNICATION 695.897.533 1.052.317.257 356.419.724 51,2%

AGRICULTURE 12.057.093.841 14.113.820.050 2.056.726.210 17,1%

LABOUR 33.789.066.144 36.290.932.803 2.501.866.660 7,4%

HEALTH 66.003.212.964 68.971.661.241 2.968.448.276 4,5%

EDUCATION 48.822.766.119 53.682.101.761 4.859.335.642 10,0%

SOCIAL SECURITY 348.340.780.338 359.590.917.476 11.250.137.138 3,2%

TOTAL 1.176.194.425.950 1.168.758.747.966 -7.435.677.984 -0,6%

Email: protocoloinesc@inesc.org.brwww. Inesc.org.br

Email: protocoloinesc@inesc.org.brwww. Inesc.org.br

Email: protocoloinesc@inesc.org.brwww. Inesc.org.br

Email: protocoloinesc@inesc.org.brwww. Inesc.org.br

ALTERNATIVE BUDGETALTERNATIVE BUDGET

In the middle term, we also expect that this methodology will enable INESC to develop an alternative budget, based on the perspective of human rights, and propose how much the government should spend on determined areas and programs to enforce rights enshrined in international treaties and the Brazilian legislation.

Exemplo: 20 millions brazilians (over 60 years).

21,4% (4,3 millions – no social security covered).

65% black women – informal labour market.

Ensure Social Security Cover for all 4,3 milllions means an allocation of US$12,4 billions.

Working with Human Rights and

Budget in Public Schools

Working with Human Rights and

Budget in Public Schools

INESCInstitute for Socioeconomic Studies

INESCInstitute for Socioeconomic Studies

Since 2007, INESC has conduced a project to educate youths in human rights and public budget. It is called ONDA (WAVE).

The project has organized workshops based on the principles of popular and art education, in which participation is vital to developing new knowledge for social transformation.

ONDA (WAVE)ONDA (WAVE)

ADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTSADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS

At least 500 teenagers from ten public schools in the Federal District have participated in this project.

ONDA (WAVE)ONDA (WAVE)

ADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTSADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS

The heart of the educational process are the workshops in the schools.

It is a 5 days workshop that brings the follow content:

Human Rights;

Democratic Participation and State obligations;

Public Budget;

Communication and Advocacy Strategies.

ONDA (WAVE)ONDA (WAVE)

ADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTSADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS

The ONDA project have been presented amendments to the Budget Bill in the local parliament in order to renovate schools of Federal District.

In 2009, this advocacy process lead by the teenagers managed to approve a budget suggestion of US$1 million to improve the conditions of schools (to build sports courts and auditoriums and to renovate toilets).

ONDA (WAVE)ONDA (WAVE)

ADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTSADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS

The teenagers also produced a magazine that deals with human rights issues related to budget. Due to its success, this project was awarded a Social Technology Prize by the Bank of Brazil Foundation .

ONDA (WAVE)ONDA (WAVE)

ADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTSADOLESCENTES FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS

Thank you!

Alexandre CiconelloINESC´s Policy Adviserwww.inesc.org.brciconello@inesc.org.br