Public B2B Exchanges Public B2B Exchanges And PortalsAnd Portals

公開的公開的 B2BB2B 交易中心與入交易中心與入口口

D92423110 D92423110 林姵如 林姵如 D92423125 D92423125 張婉真張婉真D92423139 D92423139 楊棓雯 楊棓雯 D92423140 D92423140 余雅筠余雅筠D92423145 D92423145 邱雅惠 邱雅惠 D92423148 D92423148 李郡蓉李郡蓉

B2B Electronic ExchangesB2B Electronic Exchanges

Public e-marketplaces Public e-marketplaces 公開電子市集公開電子市集

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B2B Electronic ExchangesB2B Electronic Exchanges

廣義 狹義廣義 狹義

B2B Electronic ExchangesB2B Electronic Exchanges

全球電子市集交易量全球電子市集交易量

B2B Electronic ExchangesB2B Electronic Exchanges Vertical exchanges (Vertical exchanges ( 垂直交換垂直交換 )) Horizontal exchanges (Horizontal exchanges ( 水平交換水平交換 ))

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Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges Matching buyers and sellers.Matching buyers and sellers. Includes such activities as Includes such activities as

establishing product offerings; establishing product offerings; aggregating and posting different aggregating and posting different products for sale; providing price and products for sale; providing price and product information; matching supplier product information; matching supplier offerings with buyer preferences; offerings with buyer preferences; enabling price and product enabling price and product comparisons.comparisons.

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Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges Facilitating transactionsFacilitating transactions

includes the activities: arranging includes the activities: arranging logistics of delivering information, goods, logistics of delivering information, goods, or services to buyers; providing billing and or services to buyers; providing billing and payment information; defining terms and payment information; defining terms and other transaction values; maintaining other transaction values; maintaining appropriate security over information and appropriate security over information and transactions.transactions.

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Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges

Maintaining exchange policies and Maintaining exchange policies and infrastructureinfrastructure Ascertaining compliance with commeAscertaining compliance with comme

rical code, contract law, export and imrical code, contract law, export and import laws, and intellectual property laport laws, and intellectual property law for transactions made within the exw for transactions made within the exchange. change.

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Ownership of exchangesOwnership of exchanges

An industry giant.An industry giant. (( 工業巨人工業巨人 )) A neutral entrepreneur.A neutral entrepreneur. (( 中立者中立者 )) The consortia (or co-op)The consortia (or co-op) (( 產業聯盟產業聯盟 ))

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Revenue ModelsRevenue Models Transaction fees(Transaction fees( 交易費交易費 )) Fee for service(Fee for service( 服務費服務費 )) Membership fees(Membership fees( 會費會費 )) Advertising fees(Advertising fees( 廣告費廣告費 )) Other revenue sources(Other revenue sources( 其他收入其他收入 ))

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Governance and OrganizationGovernance and Organization

Membership(Membership( 會員會員 )) Site access and securitySite access and security (( 網站的進入與安全網站的進入與安全 )) Services provided byServices provided by exchanges(exchanges( 由交換來提供服務由交換來提供服務 ))

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B2B PortalsB2B Portals B2B portals:B2B portals: Information portals for Information portals for businessesbusinesses Pure information portals include:Pure information portals include: a) Directories of products offered by eacha) Directories of products offered by each

seller seller b) Lists of buyers and what they want b) Lists of buyers and what they want c) Other industry or general informationc) Other industry or general information

Vortals: Vortals: B2B portals that focus on aB2B portals that focus on a single industry or industry segment;single industry or industry segment; “ “vertical portals”vertical portals”

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Alibaba.comAlibaba.com

網站網站 : : http://www.alibaba.com/http://www.alibaba.com/ 相關網站相關網站 :: 1.1. 立足於中國大陸市場的簡體中文網站立足於中國大陸市場的簡體中文網站 china.alibaba.comchina.alibaba.com 2.2. 針對全球華商的繁體中文網站針對全球華商的繁體中文網站 chinese.alibaba.comchinese.alibaba.com 3.3. 韓國市場的韓文網站韓國市場的韓文網站 kr.alibaba.comkr.alibaba.com

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Third-Party ExchangesThird-Party Exchanges Third-party exchanges are characterizedThird-party exchanges are characterized by two contradicting propertiesby two contradicting properties a) they are neutral, not favoringa) they are neutral, not favoring either sellers or buyerseither sellers or buyers b) they do not have a built-inb) they do not have a built-in constituency of sellers or buyers, andconstituency of sellers or buyers, and sometimes have a problem attractingsometimes have a problem attracting enough buyers and sellers to attainenough buyers and sellers to attain financial viabilityfinancial viability A major problem is: A major problem is: Market liquidityMarket liquidity

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Third-Party ExchangesThird-Party Exchanges Buyer aggregation modelBuyer aggregation model buyers’ RFQs are aggregated and then linked to a pool of suppliers that are automatically notified of the RFQs SuitabilitySuitability aggregation models work best with MROs and services that are well defined, that have stable prices, and where the supplier or buyer base is fragmented

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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Consortium trading exchange (CTE):Consortium trading exchange (CTE): An exchange formed and operated by aAn exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies to providegroup of major companies to provide industrywide transaction servicesindustrywide transaction services Three basic types of environments:Three basic types of environments: a)a) Fragmented MarketsFragmented Markets b) Seller-concentrated marketsb) Seller-concentrated markets c) Buyer-concentrated marketsc) Buyer-concentrated markets

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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Purchasing-oriented consortiaPurchasing-oriented consortia

Vertical Purchasing-Oriented CTEsVertical Purchasing-Oriented CTEs all the players are in the sameall the players are in the same industryindustry Horizontal Purchasing-Oriented CTEsHorizontal Purchasing-Oriented CTEs owner-operators are large companiesowner-operators are large companies from different industries that unite forfrom different industries that unite for the purpose of improving the supplythe purpose of improving the supply chain of MROs used by most industrieschain of MROs used by most industries

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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Selling-oriented consortiaSelling-oriented consortia

Most selling-oriented consortia areMost selling-oriented consortia are

verticalvertical Participating sellers have thousands ofParticipating sellers have thousands of

potential buyers within a particularpotential buyers within a particular

industryindustry

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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Other issues for consortiaOther issues for consortia

Legal challenges for B2B consortiaLegal challenges for B2B consortia

a) level of collaboration amonga) level of collaboration among

both competitors and businessboth competitors and business

partnerspartners

b) antitrust and other competitionb) antitrust and other competition

laws must be consideredlaws must be considered

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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Critical success factors for consortiaCritical success factors for consortia

a) Appropriate business anda) Appropriate business and

revenue modelsrevenue models

b) Size of the industryb) Size of the industry

c) Ability to drive user adoptionc) Ability to drive user adoption

d) Elasticityd) Elasticity

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e) Standardization of commodity-likee) Standardization of commodity-like

productsproducts

f) Management of intensivef) Management of intensive

information flowinformation flow

g) Smoothing of supply chaing) Smoothing of supply chain

inefficienciesinefficiencies

h) Harmonized shared objectivesh) Harmonized shared objectives

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Dynamic Trading: Dynamic Trading: Matching and AuctionsMatching and Auctions

Dynamic trading:Dynamic trading: Exchange tradingExchange trading

that occurs in situations whenthat occurs in situations when

prices are being determined byprices are being determined by

supply and demandsupply and demand MatchingMatching

Supply and demandSupply and demand Quantity, delivery times, and locationsQuantity, delivery times, and locations

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Dynamic Trading(Dynamic Trading( 動態的貿易動態的貿易 ): ): Auctions Auctions (( 拍賣拍賣 ))

Exchanges offer members the ability to conduct auctions or reverse auctions in private trading rooms

auction services as one of its many activities( 作為它的很多活動之一的拍賣服務 ) fully dedicated to auction( 完全致力於拍賣 )

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Building E-MarketplacesBuilding E-Marketplaces(( 建造電子市場建造電子市場 ))

Building e-marketplaces is a complex process, usually performed by a major B2B software company

Commerce One Ariba Oracle IBM

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The Integration issueThe Integration issue(( 綜合問題綜合問題 ))

External communications(External communications( 外部通訊 外部通訊 )) Process and information coordination in integration( 在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調 ) Use of Web services in integration( 在整合過 程中網路服務的使用 ) System and information management in integration( 在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理 )

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The Integration issueThe Integration issue External Communications(External Communications( 外部通訊 外部通訊 ))

Web/client access ( 網路 / 用戶端存取 ) Data exchange( 資料交換 ) Direct application integration ( 指示應用程式整合 ) Shared procedures( 共享程序 )

Process and information coordination in integration( 在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調 )

how to coordinate external communications with internal information systems

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The Integration issueThe Integration issue

Use of Web services in integration ( 在整合過程中網路服務的使用 )

Web Services enable different Web-based systems to communicate with each other using Internet-based protocols such as XML( 擴展標示語言 ))

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The Integration issueThe Integration issue System and information management in integration

( 在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理 )Management of software, hardware,and several information components,including partner-profile information,data and process definitions,communications and security settings,and users’ information

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Support Services for Public Support Services for Public and Private Marketplacesand Private Marketplaces

(( 公共和私人市場的支持服務 公共和私人市場的支持服務 ))

Directory services and search enginesDirectory services and search engines (( 目錄服務和搜索引擎 目錄服務和搜索引擎 )) Partner relationship management (PRM)Partner relationship management (PRM) (( 集中於對生意合夥人提供綜合的質量服務的經營 集中於對生意合夥人提供綜合的質量服務的經營 策略電子社區和策略電子社區和 PRM)PRM) E-communities and PRME-communities and PRM Integration (as per Keenan Report)(Integration (as per Keenan Report)( 綜合綜合 - - 按照基南報告按照基南報告 ))

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Integration Integration (as per Keenan Report)(as per Keenan Report)

Business-to-exchange (B2X) hubs connect all of the Internet business services

e-merchant services( 電子海運 ) exchange infrastructure( 交換基礎設施 ) buying and selling( 買賣 ) member enterprises( 成員企業 ) other B2X exchanges( 其他的 B2X 交換 )

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Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues Private vs. public exchangesPrivate vs. public exchanges

Private exchanges:Private exchanges: E-marketplaces that E-marketplaces that are owned and operated by one are owned and operated by one company. Also known as company. Also known as company-company-centric marketplacescentric marketplaces

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Implementation Issues Implementation Issues

Problems with private exchangesProblems with private exchanges Transaction fees—required to paTransaction fees—required to pa

transaction fees with existing customerstransaction fees with existing customers Sharing information—do not want to share Sharing information—do not want to share

business data with competitorsbusiness data with competitors Cost savings—not great enough to attract Cost savings—not great enough to attract

buyersbuyers Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with

customerscustomers Too many exchangesToo many exchanges

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Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues Software agents in B2B exchangesSoftware agents in B2B exchanges this software enable customizedthis software enable customized syndication of content and services from syndication of content and services from

multiple sources on the Internet to any multiple sources on the Internet to any device connected to the Internetdevice connected to the Internet

provide real-time, tighter integration between provide real-time, tighter integration between buyers and sellersbuyers and sellers facilitate management of multiple trading facilitate management of multiple trading partners and their transactions across partners and their transactions across multiple virtual industry exchangesmultiple virtual industry exchanges P.283