public agenda of balkans - international...

Balkan Public Agenda

Synthesis of the In Depth Interviews with Elite

June, 2001 Prishtina, Kosovo

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction 2. General survey observations

3. Hopes, fears and confusions of Kosova citizens 4. Economical issues

5. Political Institutions 6. Civil society

7. Public services 8. International relations

9. Individual relations 10. Individual characteristics

11. Final comments 12. Supplementary issues

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INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC OPINION’S SURVEY

Kosova is currently under international’s protectorate. International factor is making big endeavors for reconstruction of Kosova during the post-war time. In this course, the mentioned factor- UNMIK has done reconstruction and construction of burned and ruined houses, roads and bridges reconstruction as well as stabilization of public services. Such engagement of international factor had raised hopes of Kosovarians for a better future. The same conclusion can be found also from the public opinion survey that comes out from the interviews commenced in Kosova, June of the same year. Those results we are presenting in this report. The purpose of this survey was identification of major problems within Kosova society, like fears and hopes that is facing Kosova society right now. At the same time, a special task of the survey was to find out citizens opinions regarding reasons why this problems had arise, as well as ways for overcoming them, all in the aim for creation of better future of life in Kosova. In the purpose of completement of this aim we have used profound interviews based in one questioner which previously was implemented in focus groups in Kosova during May, and as such it was unique for all Balkan countries. In this purpose, there was 22 respondents interviewed, which were divided in the relation of these areas: From political parties 2 respondents, from government 2, justice sector 2, police 2, army 2, medias 2, intelligence 2, private sector 2, public sector 2, civil society 2 and 2 from European Community. Conversation with respondents lasted for around 1 hour, for each of the candidates. During the time of the definition of the names in the list of respondents we faced with the minor difficulties because scheduled people for interview were busy. It happened in the fashion of day-by-day delays and this way a condisederable time was lost. Number of the respondents that had no time for survey was small. There were not major problems during the interview. Only two respondents refused to take part in the interview. All respondents were citizens of Prishtina and other towns and regions of Kosova. As presented in the statistical data they were all of the different age, sex, different professions and social origins. The youngest respondent was Selamete Mjeku, age 25, a police officer, while the oldest respondent was Avni Maxhuni, age 63,attorney. Respondents showed interest in giving the most accurate responses, eve thou not all of them were successful in that.

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Data of respondents . Table No=1

Sex

M

F

Total

15

7

22

Age

20-35

36-45

46+

Total

8

3

11

22

Education

Prim. School

Sec. School

University

Total

3

7

12

22

Source : Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001

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Table of professions. Table No=2

No=

Occupation

Total

1

Nurse

1

2

Police

2

3

Journalist

2

4

Professor

2

5

Officer

2

6

Lower

3

7

Economist

4

8

Macroeconomist

1

9

Engineer

2

10

Salesman

3

Total

22

Source : Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001

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General Observations of the Survey

Respondent’s opinions in the profound interviews showed that processes of transformation from socialist society to a democratic society have started in a not very fast tempo. Kosova is an exemption in this process, because it is trying to get democratic in the circumstances of lack of genuine democratic institutions. Currently, Kosova is without Constitution, there are no laws that would define rights and obligations of the citizens as well as statute property are not defined. We are working according to some regulations issued by UNMIK. The first Administrator of Kosova, Mr. Kushner declared that in Kosova are valid laws of the year 1989 (from the constitution of year 1974) until the time that new laws will be issued. Some of the institutions are respecting these laws, and some not. We are stressing out this example in order of emphasizing the variety of applicable laws currently in Kosova. Kosova actually is living in between old laws and new regulations. Neither the Constitutional Framework issued form Kosova Administrator, Mr. Hakkeroup did not manage to change many issues in this area. Respondents of the profound interviews declared that Kosova is living with huge problems mostly concerning economical issues. Most frequently is mentioned Kosova has not defined statute, not defined properties. There is no privatization in the needed level because state and collective property is not privatized. As mentioned before, there is not a legal framework that would define all forms of properties. This state reflects with elements of forced privatization because people has entered by force into the collective properties and has privatized a part of them by using these properties for themselves only. This shows that public property is not under any kind of protection. The same situation happens with serbian’s real estates in Kosova, those are unprotected as well. Respondents emphasized as a special problem the lack of investments in economy of Kosova. They said that none of the factories in Kosova is working due to this fact. “Trepca”, “Ferronikeli”, “Steel tube Factory” in Ferizaj etc. are mentioned as examples of the cases that since liberation of Kosova (June 1999) until now never even started to work. The fact that they are not under operation created brigades of unemployed people. Today, unemployment is one of the most serious problems in Kosova. Kosovars are concerned for one other issue also. It is security. A year ago, the rate of insecurity of citizens was very high. Currently it is descending what shows some positive changes in this direction in Kosova. This was mentioned also by respondents as an issue that will be resolved more quickly than other problems that is facing Kosova. With its natural resources, Kosova is very attractive to external investments. Respondents thinks, that insecurity presents a big barrier for this, but it is understood as a possibility of free market in which competition will win those who offer the best quality.

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From the given discussion, we can tell that biggest part of them has complete idea of property as well as good knowledge of the market. There is no economical and social development without open market economy- all of them declared. For a difference to focus groups that declared that mostly are not dealing with politics, respondents of profound interviews declared that dealing with politics is not unfamiliar to them. Over 50% says that are interested in politics. Woman declared that are not interested in politics for a difference to men. We will also mention one argument in this overall presentation. Education and Medical services are rated very high by focus groups and respondents of profound interviews as well. It would be of a big interest to mention reasons why kosovars has rated this two services this high. One of the reasons for education is due to the fact that albanian school was attacked in serbian regime. It was displaced form school facilities, salaries ceased, and above all this; chosen teachers were mistreated and killed. Teachers and university professors did not interrupt continuation of their activities and continued to carry out educational process into private houses and other spaces aplsolutely not adequate for educational-scientifically activities. Sacrifice of teachers of albanian school was highly appreciated by Kosova people and we think, that this is a reason why education was very highly rated. Medical services were in the same situation. Distinctive doctors and specialists were dismissed from work by imposed serbian regime of the years 1989-99, but they got organized and opened private ambulances and associations as well that served to the health of population. Medical help was great and as such, people do not forget it even today when conditions are different. In this group of the highest valuation takes part KPC (Kosova Liberation Army). Their role is highly valued, because they together with NATO forces are considered as Kosova liberators. One of the services negatively valued were pensions. From January of 1999 until now, kosovars do not have their pensions. Therefore they (citizens) do not have good words for competent which are obliged to pay them. Respondents declared that the only source of their information was RTK (Radio Television of Kosova). Almost at the same level of popularity and reliability were foreign radio stations, as “Zeri I Amerikes”(Voice of America), “BBC” and “Deutche Welle”. This structure of population does not consider national press as reliable. This structure of respondents showed that they the scope of governmental and non-governmental organizations is well known to them. From all respondents one can tell that non- governmental organizations were very helpful to Kosova people, before and after the war. We have noted a lot of thank you for all of them. At meantime, attitudes towards religion are of all sorts. Their attitude relies from a great respect to religion, to the others with different opinion. Number of those who believe is larger than of those who have critical opinion for religion.

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All the respondents have stressed out that the role of international institutions in reconstruction of Kosova was a great one. World Bank, International Fond and European Union have a special respect from all the structures of Kosova population. This survey verified that national distances are big. From the respondents responses and other various population structures comes out that chances for creation of a good relation between Serbians are still very small. Latest happenings in Macedonia made kosovars to be treated like serbians. Respondents seemed to be correct to other Balkans states as well as in precision of relations to them. Even thou Kosova society currently has many shortages of economical nature like unemployment, people’s security, shortages in the definition of private properties, lack of the laws that would defend human rights and big separation into political parties; people declared that they are very optimistic for a better future of Kosova. They was unanimous that something is moving in the right direction in Kosova.

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Main Hopes, fairs and worries that actually are being faced by

Kosovar population 2-1. Which are the main problems, that Kosovar population is facing today? Respondents of the deep interviews have mentioned a big number of problems that they are facing every day. We are presenting a number of those problems:

1. Physical security of citizens 2. Economical problems,

a. Unemployment b. The lack of economical investments

3. Non defined status of Kosova 4. Independence of Kosova 5. Ethnic conflicts 6. Political violence 7. Corruption 8. Non determination of private property 9. Privatization 10. Disunity among political leaders 11. Law framework 12. Serb enclaves 13. The division of Mitrovica

Illustrative statements

Respondents expressed their opinion that problems that Kosova has, after the war those are going to be solved and it is going to be created a new society, which will reduce problems in minimum. This was not done because of the disunity among Kosovar politicians (army, M1). Political situation of Kosovars would have been better, if there was a bigger cooperation and unity among the political leaders and their portrays (Media, M1) Economical situation and economical development are depended on Constitution of Kosova. With Constitution we understand that it is going to be won the independence. For us the independence is the economy, property, culture and big development (Private sector, M1). Respondents are thinking that it cannot be an economical development and political stabilizing, if there is not solved the issue of employment in our society. We had a big unemployment in communist Yugoslavia, and this diesis is following us even today (Public sector, F1). An impression is created that the rise of employment is obstructed by non determination of the property and weak privatization in our economy. This has mad

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possible that in Kosovar village, the social property and the cooperative one to be misused by part of villager layers (woods, fruits are being misused in wide manner), (Inelegancy, M1) The issue of physical security of citizens is part of a group of serious problems. To be fair, last couple of months it is visible sort of stabilization in this regard. Nevertheless, the earlier killings, called by some political ones, have frightened the population. (Media, M1) 2-2. Which of above mentioned issues have more chances to be solved in a near

future?

Respondents think that in the near future these issues will be solved: 1. Order and security 2. Unemployment 3. Privatization 4. The issue of property 5. Investments in economy 6. The status of Kosova

Further, we give some illustrative accounts

Illustrative accounts More than 70 % of the respondents say that after the elections of November 17th, order and security will be solved in a manner that every citizen of Kosova will be free (Army, M1; Police, F1; Civic society, M1) Since unemployment is big we think that it will be solved as well, because there will be bigger investments for the stabilization of Kosovar economy (Inelegancy, M1) Privatization has a chance to be solved faster because there is a big interest on the side of Kosovars. The interest on the side of internationals is visible as well regarding the closing on the idea of privatization in Kosova. (Court, M1) There are opinions that the elections on November 17th will enable the formation of the institutions of the state. When these institutions get formed, we think that the process of economical development will be fastened. The process of privatization will be fastened mostly. (Government, M1) 2-3 The problems that are the hardest to solve

Opinions of the respondents regarding these questions are various. Mostly mentioned were:

1.Final status of Kosova 2.Approval of laws 3.Investments in Kosova 4.Corruption 5.The issue of unifying Mitrovica

The explanation on these issues we give through illustrative accounts

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Illustrative accounts

Kosova has no bigger serious problem at this moment than its final status (Public

sector, F1; Political parties, M1). This is the opinion of more than 50 % of other respondents. Without approval of laws in Kosova and without approval of Constitution of Kosova, it is difficult to calm the situation in Kosova. Through the laws order can be installed and corruption fought (Private sector, F1). The issue of investments is also a problem today in Kosova. Foreign investments are not to expect, because there are no laws that would protect foreign investments in Kosova. The lack of laws creates great hardship for investments (Media, F1). Corruption is a disease that has touched all the structures of population in Kosova. On the level of structures of government and economy that is managed by the government, it is hard to find a sphere that is not touched by corruption. This is a disease of societies in transition (Civic society, M1). For Kosovars, Mitrovica is considered as divided. This is a current and future problem for Kosova. There is no trust to the internationals, which say that Mitrovica is not divided and that it will not be divided (Political parties, F1). If your were to meet a Kosovar he would immediately start talking about division of Mitrovica. Kosovars would say that Mitrovica has more Albanians than there are Serbs and other minorities. Mitrovica has the most important industrial objects such as Trepca, etc. In Mitrovica there is French KFOR that does not respect Albanian population of Kosova.

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3. ECONOMIC ISSUES

3-1. Which economic problems does our country face today?

Respondents, with their opinions, have mentioned lot of problems of current Kosovar economy. They are many, and in this regard we mention only some of those problems. Some of them were mentioned earlier. We will try not to repeat them.

1. Inability of activation of production capacities (Factories, Corporations, Co-operatives)

2. Lack of investments in the sphere of production 3. Non-development of agriculture 4. Non-development of infrastructure 5. The orientation of economy towards trade and not production 6. Very big unemployment

As we mentioned earlier, this is only a small number of problems of Kosovar economy

Illustrative accounts Among the most serious problems is inability of activization of production capacities (Factories, Corporations, Cooperatives) that is lacking today in Kosova. If those capacities were to be activated, no doubts that the economic situation would be better a lot. The unemployment would be reduced, the standard of the citizens would be increased (Media, M1). The lack of investments is also a handicap for the Kosovar economy. If there would be investment in Kosovar economy, the unemployment would not be this high as it is now (Army, M2). Everybody is to be blamed for non-development of the agriculture in Kosovar village. The state organs are to be blamed, but the citizens as well – those who have production land in village, and that are now living in cities (Media, F1). The problems of infrastructure are quite big. Kosova came out of war quite destroyed. The burning and destruction of houses, destruction of the roads, of the watering and sewerage systems, is the mirror of the state of the Kosovar infrastructure. The processes of reconstruction of infrastructure have began, but it is nedeed that they be faster. (Civic society, M1). Today, in Kosova, nothing is produced. There are too few products of Kosovar agriculture that can be found in kosovar market. This makes one understand that Kosovars are mostly oriented towards trade and very little towards production. Everything must be done in order to raise the consciousness of the kosovars in order for them to deal with production – be that agricultural or industrial (Judges, M1). High unemployment is very big obstacle for the development of Kosova. Relating to this, in different manner, there was talk earlier (Public Sector, M1).

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3-2. Obstacles for solving the economical problems?

Problems and illustrative accounts Respondents have mentioned these obstacles:

1. Non-defined final status of Kosova was, until now, the biggest obstacle in non-development of Kosovar economy (Courts, M1; Media, M1; Political parties, M1; Police, F2; Private sector, M2)

2. Lack of investments – financial means (Civic society, M2; internationals, F1).

3. Lack of development of the banking system (Civic society, M1) 4. Not enough interest from UNMIK (Public sector, M2;

Intelligentzia, M2; Police, M1; Private sector, M2). 5. Lack of economic policy (Army, M2). 6. Non-functioning of the state, which would have been a good

guarantee for better investments (Internationals, F2) 7. Non definition of the property (Government, F2) 8. Lack of definition of a good policy that would lead the state

towards economic development (Army, M1). In all these problems, tha top belongs to the non-definition of the final status of

Kosova. 3-3. Which factors would speed up the solutions to these problems?

Respondents have mentioned mostly the factors that are viewed as obstacles as being the factors that would help in solving these problems.


1. Independence of Kosova would speed up the economic development of

Kosova (Civic society, M2). 2. Various investments would speed up the solution to these problems

(Political parties, F2; internationals, F2). 3. Defining of property (Civic society, M2). 4. Stimulation of production (Private sector, F2).

More than 60 % of the respondents have said that the only factor that would speed up the solution of these problems is the final status of Kosova – Independence.

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3-4. How do you evaluate the role of international institutions for the economy of

our country?

Respondents have said that international institutions play an important role in reconstruction of the economy of our country.

Illustrative statements

1. According to my opinion, they have a positive role. They are giving help:

World Bank, European Union, (Police, F2-M1) 2. They have important role, but they can have even grater role

(Intelligenzia, M2). 3. From all respondents, and other layers of the Kosovar population as well,

one can hear good words about the role of international institutions in Kosova. This reconstruction was done for a short period of time, which makes one understand that international factor has taken up the job of reconstructing Kosova seriously.

This is what is said from more than 70 % of our respondents.

3-5. What do you expect will happen with economy in our country in the next few years?

Opinions expressed by our respondents are optimistic.


1. The hope that there will be bigger investments in Kosovar economy keeps us alive (Journalist, M2; Intelligence, M1) 2. Based on the investments that will be given Kosova will increase

production and will soften unemployment during the course of next few years (Private sector, M1).

3. There will be changes made in economical sphere, but not as much as the Kosovars think (International, F2).

4. The state of population will worsen, and there are chances that the percentage of unemployment will increase. I do not see on the horizon any segment that will help improvement of the situation in economy sphere (Media, M1).

5. I see a good perspective. Infrastructure will get better and there will be investments in order to have work restarted in production (Court, M1).

According to the opinions of the respondents, over 60 % think positive in relation to the future economic development of Kosova. I do not see it reasonable to cite all of them.

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3-6. What do you understand by market economy? From the answers of the respondents it derives that they know very little on market economy.


1. Market economy is based on economical laws and is the only sustainable form that is based on private property. It is the only long-term perspective of state reality in this region, as well as for our state – Kosova (Media, M1). 2. Market economy is an free initiative of a free market, where the state does

not mess with it’s business. It has realistic perspective in Kosova because we Kosovars have the idea for it (Judges, M2).

3. Market economy is the only perspective for Kosova. It means free market, free competition and privatisation raised on a high level (Civic society, M1)

4. By market economy we undestand non-intervention of state where offers and requests are free. Kosova has perspective to raise the quality of market economy (Private sector, F2)

From the opinions of respondents that we cited, but from those that we did not do so, and which are approximately like these, we learn that Kosovars have satisfying ideas about market economy. They knew one of the forms of market economy even earlier, in socialist self-governing economy. 3-7. What is foreseen related to the development of economic relations with other

states in our region?

The opinions of our respondents were various and there was optimism for the integration in economies of the states in the region.


1. We foresee good economic integration with economies of our region. This integration will impact the opening of the borders of these states (Civic society, M2)

2. Economic relations in our region I think will be very good (Private sector, F2).

3. Economical relations with other states in our region will be positive (Public sector, M2).

4. These relations in future will be very good (Courts, M2). From the opinions of our respondents related with this issue, 80 % of them have

good opinion for the future of development of economical relations in our region.

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4. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Politics is a sphere of social consciousness that was not what one calls success story to the Albanians in 20th Century. Now something has changed. In a question made in the beginning of this questionnaire - “which is your interest in politics?” – form 22 respondents asked, 10 have declared they are interested in politics, while 11 said the contrary - that it does not interest them. Only 1 respondent declared that he is interested partly in politics. This information is a fact that Kosovars are not socialized with politics. 4-1. Do you think you are living in a democracy?

From 22 respondents that were asked this question, 13 of them declared that they live in a democracy, 7 think that they do not live in a democracy, while 2 declared that there is partly democracy in our country.


The 7 of the respondents that have been critic – that have declared that they do not live in a democracy – are people from the professions: (Intelligence, (M1); Media, (M2); Internationals, (F1); Political parties, (M1); Civic society, (M2); Public sector, (M1). While, the viewpoints that we are living in a partly democracy are represented by Civic society (M1); Internationals, (F2). Others, that consider that they live in a democracy, have other professions.

Democracy is a system with great responsibilities. We are talking of democracy, (Internationals, F2). Democracy is a system that guarantees the freedoms of the people. We have freedom and we are living in a democracy, (Police, F2). However we understand it, democratic processes have begun in Kosova. Even though they are in a beginning, they are quite visible in Kosovar society. 4-2. Which is the role of the people in the process of decision taking in our

society?

The weakest point of regulating today’s society in Kosova, is participation of people in decision taking. Respondents declare that apart form the free vote that they have as undeniable right, thay do not have possibility to make any decision.


Agronomy engineer 59 years old that works in government says that he

participates in decision taking in his working place. In other structures, I don’t have possibility to take decisions, but when I go to vote (Government, M1). Other respondents share this opinion that we do not see it necessary to cite in this report.

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4-3. Which of the institutions mentioned below you trust and which do you not

trust?

Answers on this question were various. A bigger percentage of distrust was present towards international factor.

Schemes on opinions regarding trust and distrust.

Table No=3-1

I have confidence at most I have confidence at least Respondents Respondents

Institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Local Level 1 City Major

- yes - yes - - - yes - yes yes

No - no - no no no - no - -

2. Local Administration - yes - yes - - yes yes yes yes yes No - no - no no - - - - - Kosovar Level 1.President-SRSG

- yes yes - yes yes - - yes - yes N o - - no - - no no - no -

2.Prime minister- KTK Yes yes yes – yes yes - yes - - yes - - - no - - no - no no - 3. Government-UNMIK - yes yes yes - yes - yes yes yes yes No - - - no – no - - - - 4.Parlament-Trasition C Yes yes yes - - yes yes - yes yes yes - - - no no - - no - - - 5.Politikal Parties - yes - - - - yes - yes - - No - no no no no - no - no no 6.Department-stet administration

- - - - yes - yes yes yes - yes No no no no - no - - - no -

7.Interational Community

- yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes No - - - - - - - - - -

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Table No=3-2


Institutions

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Local Level 1.City Major

yes yes - yes - - - - - yes - - - no - no no no no no - no

2. Local Administration Yes yes - yes - - yes - - - - - - no - no no - no no no no Kosovar Level 1.President –SRSG

Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - yes -

- - - - - - - no no - no

2.Prime minister –KTK yes yes yes yes - - - yes yes - -

- - - - no no no - - no no

3. Government -UNMIK Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - yes yes - - - - - - - no no - - 4.Parlament-Transition C yes yes yes yes yes - yes yes yes - yes - - - - - no - - - no - 5. Political Parties - yes - yes - - - yes - - - no - no - no no no - no no no

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6.Departamentet- State Administration

- - yes yes yes - yes - - yes yes

No no - - - no - no no - -

7.Internacional Community

Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

- - - - - - - - - - -

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 4-4. How do you evaluate activity of political parties and institutions of

Judiciary?

According to the opinions of respondents political parties don’t do any sort of job. They don’t do the work they should as political parties. They are not freed form the old monist ideology.


1. Kosovar political parties did not play the role that they chose. They all have one programme and this is the liberation of Kosova. They did not show pluralism in political thinking. So, my evaluation of their work is negative (Judge, M1)

2. In my opinion, they did not show results in their work. They are more concerned with the past than with the present (Private sector, F2).

3. There are also such opinions according to which political parties have and are working for the benefit of Kosova (Civic society, M1).

Quite a big number of respondents have evaluated the role of political parties as quite weak. But, it is not a small number of those that evaluates them positively.

On the other side, regarding the judiciary, Kosovars live between old laws and regulations proposed by UNMIK. UNMIK has not proposed laws, only regulations. Old laws, as they say, are communist ones, are not being respected while there are no new laws. This is the situation of Kosovar Judiciary. 4-5. Would you engage in activities such as: political parties, voluntary work,

with the aim of changing the situation?

Answers on this question are positive. Almost all the respondents say that they would engage in order to help their society.


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I am interested in helping my country where I live (Government, F2). I would engage in cleaning the streets of my city (Public sector, M2). When we speak of helping the municipality and wider, I am always ready to sacrifice even my free time in order to help where it is needed, (Internationals, F2).

In general, the will to do voluntary work for Kosovar people is still alive. Even though there could be seen symptoms of its decline, it can be said that it still exists.

5. CIVIC SOCIETY

Inside this chapter it was discussed the issue of media, trust in them, evaluation of non-governmental organizations, professional associations, institutions of religion and political education of citizens. We start with the media. 5-1. Your main sources of information?

More than 90 % of the respondents have declared that they get informed mostly from state TV, from the press and various radios. They cited RTK (Television) of Kosova that they listen to regularly. They listen and see some other private televisions, such as 21, and other. Prishtina TV has more viewers than private TV-s. Through satellite dishes, in Kosova people view foreign TV-s as well, such as BBC, Italian RAI I, French TV5, TV channels of former Yugoslavia states (TV Zagreb, TV Titograd, TV Sarajevo etc.) “Voice of America can also be viewed in Kosova on Albanian language and on Serbian language. Respondents declared that they listen radio “Deutsche Welle”, radio “Free Europe”, Radio Tirana, and other foreign radios. When it comes to press, only the newspapers in Albanian are bought and read, such as: “Koha ditore”, “Rilindja”, Bota Sot”, “Zeri”.

5-2. Do you think that the trust and objectivity of information depends on

weather media are: a) state or private, b) foreign or local-Kosovar, c) national or local?

From 22 respondents that were interviewed thoroughly, 5 from them think that

they trust more to the foreign media than to those private or state. 1 respondent thinks that he can trust more to the private media than to those

foreign or state, while 16 of them think that state media are the best ones, so they trust them more. Respondents think that national media are at the same time state ones, because in Kosova at the moment there is no minority newspaper, but only those in Albanian language.

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5-3. Evaluation of non-governmental organizations?

All have good opinion on non-governmental organizations. This view is shared by the representatives of police, government, public sector, courts, private sector and almost 95 % of all structures in thorough interviews.

I cite from my experience that non-governmental organizations are respected a more than those governmental in Kosova. For those governmental it is thought that they preserved the old style of work. These non-governmental organizations are many, and we only mention Council for Human Rights, which has played a big role before and after the war in Kosova. 5-4. How do you evaluate activity of professional associations?

More than 90 % of the respondents have declared that professional associations have not been on the high enough level. “They do not function good”, (Private sector, F2). “I have a negative evaluation, because they do not function as they should”, (Courts, M2). “They do not function at all”, (Police, F2). In evaluation of this question we will not go further, because other respondents have given answers that are similar to the ones we cited above. 5-5. Which is the role of the institution of religion in our society?

Religion is an old consciousness that has been respected by the Kosovar population. Respondents say that inside the Albanian society there are three religions: Muslim, Catholic and Orthodox. I mentioned these religions in order to say that Albanians have always been tolerant when it comes to religion.

Respondents determine the role of the religion in the society as good and important for man and society, but also as not good, as something minor, that should not be given great importance. One respondent says that it’s role in the society is satisfying, the other says that it’s role is medium, and the third says it is indispensable. There are such respondents who say that it’s role in the society equals with zero.

At the moment, in Kosova there is talk about introducing the religious teaching in schools. Opinions of the citizens for this initiative of the faithful are divided. Some think that learning of the faith cannot be introduced in teaching programs, while some others think the contrary – that religion should be taught in schools. Some months later we will see which side will win the trust of the people. 5-6. What is your opinion on political education of the citizens in our country?

All the respondents declared that political education of the citizens in Kosova is low. There are some among the citizens of Kosova that know about politics, and for them could be said that they have high political education. Their number does not reach even 1 %. Respondents do not say that they have enough political knowledge. This means that

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there is a possibility of raising the political education in Kosova and inside the Albanian society above the point where it is now.

6. PUBLIC UTILITIES

Public utilities services were evaluated as satisfactory and as non-satisfactory. Privatization of public utilities. Would be the best solution. Then they would be more qualitative than they are now. Schema Table No=4

Institution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 Total

Health

9 10 7 8 5 5 1 6 8 4 4 8 10 5 8 8 8 6 9 7 2 8 6.72

Education

8 10 6 10 3 5 2 10 8 6 8 10 10 1 8 8 8 6 10 8 2 8 7.04

Social Aid

3 4 4 4 2 6 2 2 8 3 2 5 8 1 1 9 7 2 3 3 2 3 3.81

Transport-traffic

6 10 8 4 6 5 1 4 10 3 4 4 8 2 6 8 5 5 6 3 3 2 4.31

Pension Fund

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.00

Electricity

5 8 7 2 5 3 2 6 8 3 6 3 8 5 5 5 4 2 5 10 3 3 4.90

Water supply

5 8 7 3 4 3 3 7 8 2 6 3 7 8 5 8 5 5 5 7 3 2 5.18

Army /TMK

9 10 7 6 7 8 3 10 10 9 10 8 10 10 10 10 7 6 10 9 5 10 8.36

Police

7 10 8 7 8 9 2 10 10 9 10 6 8 10 8 10 7 6 9 7 4 2 7.59

Urban Traffic

5 7 5 4 6 3 2 5 8 3 5 4 6 2 5 10 5 5 5 3 2 1 4.59

District Heating

1 8 5 1 8 5 2 4 8 1 1 2 8 5 5 6 5 2 1 1 3 1 3.90

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001

21

7. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

After the war in Kosova, in June 1999, Kosovars had a chance to get to know the international institutions better than they knew them before. 7-1. Do you think that international institutions (World Bank, International

Monetary Fond, United Nations, European Union and NATO) have an impact in the affairs in our country?

The help that is given to Kosova by the international institutions is great.


All international institutions are helping Kosova (Media, M2). Through the credits they help Kosova. NATO keeps the security of Kosova (Civic society, M2). Assistance is big, because they give various credits and other help with great importance (Courts, M1). All other respondents think similarly as the ones that we cited in this report. 7-2. In your opinion, which is the role of international community?

More than 90 % of the respondents have positive opinion for the role of international community in Kosova.


The role of the international community is good and efficient (Government, M2).

With the assistance that is given to us by the international community it has a decisive role for us (Civic society, M2).

The role of the international community is indispensable in two levels. On the level of security of Kosova and on the level of material assistance (Media, M2).

All the respondents, and all the Kosovars, have high opinion for the international community, to which they are thankful for what it has done and what it does for Kosova. 7-3. Do you think that the way the European Union is inciting the solution to the

problems in Kosova is good and efficient, or it is not good and efficient?

Respondents say that the way the European Union is inciting the solution to the problems in Kosova is very good.


The method how the people form the European Union are refering to the solution of the problems in Kosova is quite good. With their help, we are moving forward (Private sector, F2; Police, M1). This opinion is shared by all the respondents in this poll.

22

7-4. Have you heard of Stability Pact? What does that mean, what meaning has

that according to you, could that program help the region of Southeastern Europe?

All the respondents declared that they have knowledge on Stability Pact. Some of

them mentioned the name of Bodo Hombach, as well.


Yes I heard. It has a great role in economic development of Southeastern Europe (Intelligence, M1). Stability Pact has special importance for the Balkans, but for Kosova as well (Civic society, M1; Political parties, M1). The Pact has a big role for the countries of the Southeastern Europe (Public sector, M1). We will end with conclusion that 99 % of the respondents think as their colleagues cited above. 7-5. Do you think that NATO can help even more in solving the problems of your

country?

Kosovars, when asked about international factors and NATO, give high opinions. They answered in that manner to this question as well.


For us the Kosovars NATO has done a lot, because it has been the key factor that has helped us in liberation form the genocide regime of Milosevic (Media, M2). All the respondents (22) think that NATO has helped Kosovars in liberation form the Serb occupier. 7-6. What could be asked from our society in order for it to join the NATO? The answers of the respondents show that the Kosovars have a will to join NATO.


We should be emancipated and calm (Media, M2). We should respect the rules of law and the discipline of NATO (Public Sector F2). We should cooperate with NATO (Court, M1). Our society should be democratized, (Government, F2). To be a tolerant society (Police, F2). Also other respondents are giving same questions.

23

7-7. Which is the key of security in the region?

We as a population should try to cultivate good inter-ethnic and international relations. We should try to get rid of the violent expressions in our society, but in our neighbouring countries too.

We should be as tolerant as possible in our internal relations in our society and as the citizens of the region. Creation of a new mutual trust with neoghbouring countries in the Balkans we think is the best key of security in this part of the Southeastern Europe (Intelligence, M1; Police, M1), etc.

8. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTIC AND VIEWPOINTS 8-1. We will ask you about your viewpoints for the various countries of the

region. When I mention a name of a country, I would ask you to say what comes first to your mind (A word or sentence fpr that country)?

Countries: Table No=5-1 Countries 1 2 3 4 5 6

Slovenia Democracy

High living standard

Economic development



Clever Europe

B .Herzegovina

War Dejton

Olympic games 1984

War War Occupied country

Occupied Country

Serbia Dictatorial Regime Genocide

War Violence Millosheviqi Crime War

Barbarian Violence

Kosova NATO in Kosova

Independence country

Always occupied

War KFOR-I

Heroism International Administration

Montenegro Tourism Tendency to independence

Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism

Vojvodina Agriculture Agriculture Serbian colony

Revolution Worker Agriculture

Macedonia Dictatorial regime

War Political crisis

War Artificial creature

Communist country

Rumania Qaushesku Undeveloped country

Perspective country

Ceausescu Worker with out lacy

Communist country

Albania Communist country

The war for power

Country with many problems

Poverty Heroism Poverty

Greece Serbian ally Tourism Tourism Good music ÇAME problems

Serbian ally

Bulgaria Simons win Country development

Perspective country

Tourism Tourism Tourism


24

Table No=5-2 Countries 7 8 9 10 11 12

Slovenia Economic

development Democracy High

economic standard


Privatization Independence Kouqani Jansha

B .Herzegovina

Wish for unique Bosnia

Character War War Without freedom

Izetbegoviqi War

Serbia Violence Crime Genocide

Dictatorial Genocide War

Monist Crime Milosheviq Hag

Kosova Peace Loving nation

International protectorate

Country in development

War for freedom

Undeveloped NATO War Refuges

Montenegro Wish for independence


Tourism Beach Tendency to independence

Referendum

Vojvodina They work for Serbia

Occupied country

Agriculture Agriculture Occupied from Serbia

Development agriculture

Macedonia Artificial creature

War War Fruit and vegetable

Monist Genocide

Rumania Country without perspective

Slowly perspective

Undeveloped country

For demarcation

In development

Qaushesku

Albania Geography country

Refuges War for power

Totalitarian Socialism Enver Hoxha 1997

Greece Tourism Agricultural Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism Bulgaria Corruption,

Crime Europe Country in

development Prostitution Undeveloped

country Tourism

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Table No=5-3 Countries 13 14 15 16 17 18 Slovenia Democratic

country Culture Industrial Democratic Democratic

country Democracy High living standard

B .Herzegovina

War Violence Olympic games

Dictator War Bad federation

Serbia Antidemocratic opinions

Genocide War Genocide War Destabilization

Kosova Undeveloped Country in development

War Demarcation Country in development

Peace – loving nation

Montenegro Tourism Tourist country

Tourism Demarcation Tourism Wish for independence

Vojvodina Developed agriculture

Developed agriculture

Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Serbian land

Macedonia War War War Violence War Artificial creature

Rumania Undeveloped Undeveloped Qaushesku Qaushesku Qaushesku Undeveloped Albania Poverty Undeveloped Undeveloped Transition Chaos In stability Greece Tourist country Demarcation Tourism Democratic Tourist

country Developed country

Bulgaria Undeveloped country

Transition Undeveloped Transition Undeveloped country

Democratization

25

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Table No=5-4 Countries 19 20 21 22 Slovenia Democracy



Culture Worker

B .Herzegovina

War Dejton Sebrenica

War with Serbians

Dejton Srebrenica War

Serbia Dictatorial regime Genocide

Milosheviq War

Genocide Crime

Dictatorial



Peace- loving nation


Montenegro Independence Tourism Wish for independence

Tourism

Vojvodina Agriculture Serbia’s colony

Worker Old- population


War with UÇK

War 50% Macedonian in Macedonia

Rumania Undeveloped country

Jan Ilesku Qaushesku Undeveloped country

Albania Enver Hoxha Poverty Country with many problems

Communist country

Greece Tourism Tourist country

Developed country

Tourism

Bulgaria Tourism Undeveloped country

Prostitution Undeveloped country

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 8-2. In your opinion, how will the life of people of the Southeastern Europe region

develop during the next few years?

Life of the people will develop towards progress of the society. We will have progress in all spheres (Army, M1). I think there will be peace (Government, F2). Kosova will be independent, and there will be progress in all states of the Balkans (Political parties, M2). No respondent expressed doubts that there will be no progress, peace, understanding, and cooperation in the region.

26

8-3. How would you describe the momentary relations of ethnic groups in our society?

Scheme: Relations with ethnic groups. Table No=6-1 Relation With

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Serbs Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bosniaks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Turks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Romos Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Good Good Good Bad Montenegrins Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Not

good Good Good Bad Bad

Ashkali Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Good Good Good Good Bad

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Relations with ethnic groups. Table No=6-2 Relation with 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Serbs Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bosniaks Good Not

good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good

Turks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Romas Bad Bad Bad Good Good Bad Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Montenegrins Bad Bad Good Good Good Bad Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Ashkali Bad Bad Good Good Good Bad Good Good Bad Good Good

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 8-4. Do you think that living conditions of the citizens of Kosova in big part

depend on the ethnic background?

The answers that we received on this question we divided in three groups. In the first group there are those who think that living conditions do depend on ethnic background. From 22 respondents, 11 think like this – that they do depend on ethnic background. In the second group there are those who say that ethnic background does not determine the living conditions. There are 7 respondents that think so. In the third group are 4 respondents who neither confirmed or denied that the living conditions depend on the ethnic background. This shows that most of them think that ethnic background plays a big role in life.

27

8-5. Do you feel your ethnic background?

From 22 respondents that have been asked this question, 19 of them declared that they feel their ethnic background. There were expressions that my nation is good, is better than the others. Only 3 from the respondents said that they do not feel their ethnic background as something that differs them from other nations. This teaches us that Kosovars are tied close with their nation. 8-6. Did you ever think of leaving the place where you live to go some place else to

live or in another country? The answers given to this question are very interesting. From 22 respondents that were asked this question, 21 declared that they did not think of leaving their homeland. Only one respondent declared that he thought of this. This connection of Kosovars with Kosova was testified by their massive return after the war in Kosova.

9. FINAL COMMENTARIES In final commentaries are presented lot of opinions. These opinions had to do with the category of fears and hopes of the citizens regarding the future of Kosova. From lot of opinions presented, we obliged ourselves to present some of them in this report.

Fears Hopes 1. Return of the Serbs in Kosova 1. Independence of Kosova

(Intelligence, M1) (Intelligence, M1) 2. Division of Mitrovica 2. Material rise of Kosova

(Political parties, M1) (Political Parties, M1) 3. Solution to the status of Kosova 3. Kosova as democratic country

(Public sector, M1) (Public sector, M1) 4. Serb aggression 4. Kosova a member of EU

(Private sector, M1) (Private sector, M1) 5. Division of Kosova 5. Kosova member of NATO

(Police, M1) (Police, M1) 6. Solution to the status of Kosova 6. Referendum for Kosova

(Civic society, M1) (Civic society, M1) 7. Enclavising of Kosova 7. Independence for Kosova (Police, F2) (Police, F2) 8. Non-recognition of Kosovas independence 8. Better life for all Kosovars

(Political parties, F1) (Political parties, F1) 9. Non-security, drugs, prostitution 9. Economic development

(Media, M1) (Media, M1) 10. Pretension to return 10. Advancing the issue of

Kosova under Serbia defense and security (Army, M1) (Army, M1)

28

Opinions of others are approximately same with those that are presented here. 9-2. Is there any issue that we did not talk about?

Respondents presented their opinions on this question as well. They said that we did not talk enough about education, about war prisoners that are being held in Serbia., for those that are in Serbian jails, for war invalids. It was said often that we did not talk about the position of women in Kosova, their education and employment. We did not talk about issues of defense and security. We hope that in the future we will have an poll which will cover these issues as well.

CONCLUSION

Opinion poll with groups that are not that big, like the one that we had, is always rich with ideas and critical opinions. Respondent has time to think critically about the issue, which is laid out for discussion. Having in mind the existing political-social climate in Kosova. We thought that we would not be able to organize poll, as it should be done. We are surprised with the good understanding that we had from our respondents. Except one, two or three cases that did not have time in the specified timeframe to do the interview well, we did not have other cases.

People have answered willingly to our questions as much as they knew about the issues, which they were asked from us. During the interviews, respondents were motivated to answer, an stance that has risen the quality of the answer. We are convinced that all the respondents were sincere and serious in their answers.

During the discussions there was a smooth conformism detected in those categories of respondents that were not knowledgeable that much regarding the political processes in Kosovar society.

Some respondents, that had high education, it was natural that they understood the questions and their answers were good. A very small number – 2 or 3 respondents – we had to repeat the questions in two or three cases. Nevertheless, this neither did nor requires too much time.

Critical opinion was on high level, which is to be seen from the fact that state and other institutions were not saved from critical evaluation of their work. This shows also the fact that in Kosova there is a critical consciousness being created.

At the end we note that our goal was achieved, to finish our job successfully and to leave a good impression with the respondents, because they are needed for other times and other issues.

29

Date of respondents Table No=1

Sex

M

F

Total

15

7

22

Age

20-35

36-45

46+

Total

8

3

11

22

Education

PrimarySchool

SecondarySchool

University Total

3

7

12

22


30

Table of professions Table No=2

No=

Occupation

Total

1

Nurse

1

2

Police

2

3

Journalist

2

4

Professor

2

5

Officer

2

6

Lower

3

7

Economist

4

8

Agricultural

1

9

Engineer

2

10

Salesman

3

Total

22


31

Table No=3-1


Institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Local Level 1 City Major

- yes - yes - - - yes - yes yes

No - no - no no no - no - -

2. Local Administration - yes - yes - - yes yes yes yes yes No - no - no no - - - - - Kosovar Level 1.President-SRSG

- yes yes - yes yes - - yes - yes N o - - no - - no no - no -

2.Prime minister- KTK Yes yes yes – yes yes - yes - - yes - - - no - - no - no no - 3. Government-UNMIK - yes yes yes - yes - yes yes yes yes No - - - no – no - - - - 4.Parlament-Trasition C Yes yes yes - - yes yes - yes yes yes - - - no no - - no - - - 5.Politikal Parties - yes - - - - yes - yes - - No - no no no no - no - no no 6.Department-stet administration

- - - - yes - yes yes yes - yes No no no no - no - - - no -

7.Interational Community

- yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes No - - - - - - - - - -

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Table No=3-2


Institutions

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Local Level 1.City Major

yes yes - yes - - - - - yes - - - no - no no no no no - no

2. Local Administration Yes yes - yes - - yes - - - - - - no - no no - no no no no Kosovar Level 1.President –SRSG

Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - yes -

- - - - - - - no no - no

2.Prime minister –KTK yes yes yes yes - - - yes yes - -

- - - - no no no - - no no

3. Government -UNMIK Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - yes yes - - - - - - - no no - - 4.Parlament-Transition C yes yes yes yes yes - yes yes yes - yes - - - - - no - - - no - 5. Political Parties - yes - yes - - - yes - - - no - no - no no no - no no no 6.Departamentet- State Administration

- - yes yes yes - yes - - yes yes

No no - - - no - no no - -

7.Internacional Community

Yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

- - - - - - - - - - -


32

Table No=4

Institution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 Total

Health

9 10 7 8 5 5 1 6 8 4 4 8 10 5 8 8 8 6 9 7 2 8 6.72

Education

8 10 6 10 3 5 2 10 8 6 8 10 10 1 8 8 8 6 10 8 2 8 7.04

Social Aid

3 4 4 4 2 6 2 2 8 3 2 5 8 1 1 9 7 2 3 3 2 3 3.81

Transport-traffic

6 10 8 4 6 5 1 4 10 3 4 4 8 2 6 8 5 5 6 3 3 2 4.31

Pension Fund

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.00

Electricity

5 8 7 2 5 3 2 6 8 3 6 3 8 5 5 5 4 2 5 10 3 3 4.90

Water supply

5 8 7 3 4 3 3 7 8 2 6 3 7 8 5 8 5 5 5 7 3 2 5.18

Army /TMK

9 10 7 6 7 8 3 10 10 9 10 8 10 10 10 10 7 6 10 9 5 10 8.36

Police

7 10 8 7 8 9 2 10 10 9 10 6 8 10 8 10 7 6 9 7 4 2 7.59

Urban Traffic

5 7 5 4 6 3 2 5 8 3 5 4 6 2 5 10 5 5 5 3 2 1 4.59

District Heating

1 8 5 1 8 5 2 4 8 1 1 2 8 5 5 6 5 2 1 1 3 1 3.90


33


Slovenia Democracy





Clever Europe

B .Herzegovina

War Dejton

Olympic games 1984

War War Occupied country

Occupied Country

Serbia Dictatorial Regime Genocide

War Violence Millosheviqi Crime War

Barbarian Violence



Always occupied

War KFOR-I

Heroism International Administration

Montenegro Tourism Tendency to independence

Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism

Vojvodina Agriculture Agriculture Serbian colony

Revolution Worker Agriculture


War Political crisis

War Artificial creature

Communist country

Rumania Qaushesku Undeveloped country

Perspective country

Qaushesku Worker with out lacy

Communist country

Albania Communist country

The war for power

Country with many problems

Poverty Heroism Poverty

Greece Serbian ally Tourism Tourism Good music ÇAME problems

Serbian ally

Bulgaria Simons win Country development

Perspective country

Tourism Tourism Tourism


34


Slovenia Economic

development Democracy High

economic standard


Privatization Independence Kouqani Jansha

B .Herzegovina

Wish for unique Bosnia

Character War War Without freedom

Izetbegoviqi War

Serbia Violence Crime Genocide

Dictatorial Genocide War

Monist Crime Milosheviq Hag

Kosova Peace Loving nation


Country in development

War for freedom

Undeveloped NATO War Refuges

Montenegro Wish for independence


Tourism Beach Tendency to independence

Referendum

Vojvodina They work for Serbia

Occupied country

Agriculture Agriculture Occupied from Serbia

Development agriculture

Macedonia Artificial creature

War War Fruit and vegetable

Monist Genocide

Rumania Country without perspective

Slowly perspective

Undeveloped country

For demarcation

In development

Qaushesku

Albania Geography country

Refuges War for power

Totalitarian Socialism Enver Hoxha 1997

Greece Tourism Agricultural Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism Bulgaria Corruption,

Crime Europe Country in

development Prostitution Undeveloped

country Tourism


35

Table No=5-3 Countries 13 14 15 16 17 18 Slovenia Democratic

country Culture Industrial Democratic Democratic

country Democracy High living standard

B .Herzegovina

War Violence Olympic games

Dictator War Bad federation

Serbia Antidemocratic opinions

Genocide War Genocide War Destabilization

Kosova Undeveloped Country in development

War Demarcation Country in development

Peace – loving nation

Montenegro Tourism Tourist country

Tourism Demarcation Tourism Wish for independence

Vojvodina Developed agriculture

Developed agriculture

Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Serbian land

Macedonia War War War Violence War Artificial creature

Rumania Undeveloped Undeveloped Qaushesku Qaushesku Qaushesku Undeveloped Albania Poverty Undeveloped Undeveloped Transition Chaos In stability Greece Tourist country Demarcation Tourism Democratic Tourist

country Developed country

Bulgaria Undeveloped country

Transition Undeveloped Transition Undeveloped country

Democratization


36

Table No=5-4 Countries 19 20 21 22 Slovenia Democracy



Culture Worker

B .Herzegovina

War Dejton Sebrenica

War with Serbians

Dejton Srebrenica War

Serbia Dictatorial regime Genocide

Milosheviq War

Genocide Crime

Dictatorial



Peace- loving nation


Montenegro Independence Tourism Wish for independence

Tourism

Vojvodina Agriculture Serbia’s colony

Worker Old- population


War with UÇK

War 50% Macedonian in Macedonia

Rumania Undeveloped country

Jan Ilesku Qaushesku Undeveloped country

Albania Enver Hoxha Poverty Country with many problems

Communist country

Greece Tourism Tourist country

Developed country

Tourism

Bulgaria Tourism Undeveloped country

Prostitution Undeveloped country


37

38

Relations with ethnic groups. Table No=6-1 Relation with

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Serbs Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bosniaks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Turks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Romos Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Good Good Good Bad Montenegrins Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Not

good Good Good Bad Bad

Ashkali Bad Good Bad Bad Bad Good Good Good Good Good Bad

Source: Research of opinions public in Kosova, July 2001 Relations with ethnic groups. Table No=6-2 Relation with 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Serbs Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bad Bosniaks Good Not

good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good

Turks Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Romas Bad Bad Bad Good Good Bad Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Montenegrins Bad Bad Good Good Good Bad Bad Bad Bad Good Bad Ashkali Bad Bad Good Good Good Bad Good Good Bad Good Good


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