8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

1/30

Course Deliveries

Discussions

Inputs

Clarifications Check What I Know (CWIK)

Clarifications

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

2/30

UNIT 1 OBJECTIVES

Understand key terms

Create a platform for KM

Importance of KM Emergence of KM

Objectives of KM

KM Domain &U

ses Knowledge Economy

Knowledge Engineering & Knowledge Ontology.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

3/30

Introduction to Knowledge

ManagementKey terms

Information

Tangible raw data. Can be copied.

Knowledge

Intangible. Requires learning & practice.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

4/30

Knowledge Management

Knowledge is:

Knowing

WHYWHAT

WHEN

HOW

WHERE

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

5/30

Knowledge Management

Y KM?

70 80 % what employees know is hidden.

Knowledge has become the key

differentiating factor.

It is the most sought after resource / asset.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

6/30

EMERGENCE

1996 Worlds top 5 heart surgeons

24% decrease in mortality rates

KM is a collaborative learning

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

7/30

Definition

Knowledge Management refers to the

processes and/or tools an organization uses to

collect, analyze, store, and disseminate its

intellectual capital.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

8/30

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

9/30

Knowledge Cycle

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

10/30

Sources of Knowledge

Employees

Products

Customers

Suppliers

Competitors

Government

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

11/30

Objectives of KM

Create knowledge repositories

a) External knowledge (competitive intelligence,

market data, surveys, etc.)b) Structured internal knowledge (reports,

marketing materials, etc.)

c) Informal internal knowledge (discussiondatabases of know how)

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

12/30

Improve knowledge access through

a) Technical expert referral

b) Expert networks used for staffing based on

individual competencies

c) Turnkey video conferencing to foster easy

access to distributed experts.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

13/30

Enhance the knowledge environment

a) Change organizational norms and values

related to knowledge in order to

encourage knowledge use and knowledge

sharing

b) Customers rating of organisations expertise

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

14/30

Manage knowledge as an asset

a) Attempt to measure the contribution of

knowledge to bottom line success

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

15/30

Knowledge Economy

An Economy where the growth of GDP is

altered based on the changes in the

knowledge based industries.

Ex: India IT industry falls GDP falls.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

16/30

Knowledge Engineering

Knowledge engineering (KE) was defined in

1983 by Edward Feigenbaum, and Pamela

McCorduck

KE is an engineering discipline that involves

integrating knowledge into engineering

systems in order to solve complex problems

normally requiring a high level ofhumanexpertise.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

17/30

Knowledge Engineering - Scope

artificial intelligence

databases,

data mining, expert systems,

decision support systems and

geographic information systems.

cognitive science and

socio-cognitive engineering

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

18/30

Knowledge engineering principles

Knowledge engineers acknowledge that there aredifferent types of knowledge, and that the rightapproach and technique should be used for theknowledge required.

Knowledge engineers acknowledge that there aredifferent types of experts and expertise, suchthat methods should be chosen appropriately.

Knowledge engineers recognize that there aredifferent ways of representing knowledge, whichcan aid the acquisition, validation and re-use ofknowledge.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

19/30

Knowledge engineering principles

Knowledge engineers recognize that there are

different ways of using knowledge, so that the

acquisition process can be guided by the project

aims (goal-oriented).

Knowledge engineers use structured methods to

increase the efficiency of the acquisition process.

Knowledge Engineering is the process of elicitingKnowledge for many purpose be it Expert system

or AI development

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

20/30

Views of knowledge engineering

Transfer View This is the traditional view. In

this view, the assumption is to apply

conventional knowledge engineering

techniques to transfer human knowledge into

artificial intelligence systems.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

21/30

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

22/30

Knowledge Intensive Organizations

Employs Highly skilled staff, knowledge

workers

Dealing with uncertainty Requires people who are problem solvers

Follows best practices to attract & retain

talents Knowledge seen as an asset

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

23/30

Competence & Knowledge

Competence is the underlying characteristics

of a person to perform a job

Knowledge forms the basis for the underlying

characteristics of a person to perform a task

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

24/30

Types of Knowledge

Domain knowledge: Knowledge about the

objective realities in the domain ofinterest

(Objects, relations, events, states, causalrelations, etc. that are obtained in

some domains)

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

25/30

Problem-solving knowledge: Knowledge about

how to use the domain knowledge to achieve

various goals. This knowledge is often in the

form of a problem-solving method (PSM) that

can help achieve the goals in a different

domain.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

26/30

Knowledge Ontology

The term ontology is usually defined as aformal description of the knowledge in adomain / in a generic model.

First, ontology can refer to a full descriptionof all the knowledge, so that it can berepresented and used within a computersystem.

Second, ontology can refer to a genericmodel that applies to a class of domains.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

27/30

Elements of Knowledge Ontology

(1) a set of knowledge objects

(2) a set of relations that form associations

(relationships) between the knowledge objects

(3) a set of axioms that provides rules and

constraints for the relationships (e.g. if A is next

to B, then B is next to A). The ontology described

here will make use of the first two elements, butnot include any axioms, which requires more

development.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

28/30

Y Ontology in Personal Knowledge

First, it can help to integrate and coordinate

the use of the Personal Knowledge Techniques

for more efficient acquisition of knowledge

and facilitation of self-help.

Second, the ontology can provide a common

underlying language that aids users to

understand the information available to them(e.g. from other users) and aids researchers to

compare knowledge from different users.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

29/30

Third, the ontology can help the user when

searching for, and being presented with,

advice from the system. This is achieved by

using the ontology to provide key words and

semantic tags with which to code theinformation for searching.

Fourth, the ontology provides a structured set

of categories that can be used to analyse theknowledge captured from users.

8/7/2019 PTIT481 KM Unit 1

30/30

Fifth, as multiple users make use of the

Personal Knowledge Methodology, the

ontology can develop to be a reflection of thecommonalities between these users lay

psychological theories.

Sixth, the ontology can be a contribution tothe ongoing development of ontology within

knowledge engineering.

Finally, a longer-term goal would be to

develop multiple versions of the ontology

appropriate to different populations .