ptiik it infotech comptech ia ub
TRANSCRIPT
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Pengantar
Teknologi Informasi
dan
Ilmu Komputer
Information Technology andComputer Technology
PTIIK- UB
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DEFINITION: Information Technology (IT)describes any technology that helps to produce,
manipulate, store, communicate, and/or
disseminate information.
Part 1: Computer Technology
Part 2: Communications Technology
Information Technology
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Modern Computers
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Workstation
Microcomputer
Microcontroller
Server - client
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Supercomputers
At the frontline of current processing capacity,particularly speed of calculation.
High-capacity machines with thousands
of processors
Multi-user systems
Used for U.S. Census, weather forecasting,designing aircraft, scientific projects, etc.
Japans K Computer is the largest
supercomputer Priced from $1 million to over
$1 billion (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Mainframes
Powerful computers used primarily bycorporate and governmental
organizations
For critical applications, bulk data
processing such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning, and transaction processing.
Used by banks, airlines, colleges, and the
like for millions of transactions
Water-cooled or air-cooled
Reliability, availability, serviceability
Priced from $5,000 to $5 million (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Supercomputers vs Mainframes
Supercomputer
High performance computing (speed of calculation)
Suitable for scientific and engineering problems, e.g. weather
prediction, nuclear simulation, aircraft design Mainframe
Transaction processing
Suitable for business world, e.g. inventory control (goods),
airline reservations (services), or banking (money).
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Workstations
Introduced in early 1980s
Expensive, powerful personal computers
Required for scientific, mathematical, engineering,
computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aidedmanufacturing (CAM)
Used for designing cars, drugs, movie special effects
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Microcomputers
A microcomputer is a computer with amicroprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).
It includes a microprocessor, memory, and
input/output (I/O) facilities.
The abbreviation "micro" was common during the1970s and 1980s, but has now fallen out of
common usage.
Personal computers that cost $500 to $5,000
Used either stand-alone or in a network
Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks (laptops),
netbooks, tablets, mobile internet devices (MIDs),
personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-readersAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Microcontrollers
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated C, uC orMCU) is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.
Also called embedded computers Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances
& automobiles
They are in microwaves, programmable ovens,
blood-pressure monitors, air bag sensors, vibrationsensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, keyboards,
car systems, etc.
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Servers
The word serverdescribes the way a computer
whether mainframe, workstation, or PCis used.
A central computer connected (wired or wirelessly) to
other computers & peripheral devices on aclient/server network
Purpose: Hold data and programs for clients to access
and to supply services for clients
Clients are other computers, such as PCs orworkstations, on which users run applications
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Three Key Concepts
1. Purpose of a computer
Turn data into information
Data: the raw facts and figures
Information: data that has been summarized andmanipulated for use in decision making
2. Hardware vs. software
Hardware = the machinery and equipment in the
computer Software (programs) = the electronic instructions
that tell the computer how to perform a task
(continued)Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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3. The basic operationsInput: What goes in to the computer system
Processing: The manipulation a computer does totransform data into information
Storage:
Primary storage,or memory, is temporary storage.
Secondary storageispermanent storage: media suchas DVDs and CDs
Output: What comes out Numbers or pictures on the screen, printouts,
sounds
Communications: Sending and receiving data
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Three Key Concepts
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Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Understanding a Desktop
Computer
What would you need?
Keyboard & mouse (input)
Inside the system cabinet
(processing & memory) Case and power supply
Processor chip the Central Processor Unit (CPU)
Memory chips Random Access Memory (RAM)
Motherboard the system board Memory chips plug in
Processor chip plugs in
Motherboard attaches to system cabinet
Power supply is connected to system cabinet
Power supply wire is connected to motherboardAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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Storage Hardware: Hard Drive, CD/DVD Drive,Flash Storage capacity is represented in bytes
1 byte = 1 character of data
1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters
1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters 1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters
1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters
1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters
Permanently installed: hard drives, CD/DVD
drives, slot connectors for USB and flash memory Removable media: CDs/DVDs, USB and
flash memory
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Understanding a Desktop
Computer
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Output hardware
Video
Sound cards
Speakers Monitor
Printer
Communications hardware
Modem
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Understanding a Desktop
Computer
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Basic PC System
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Software
System Softwareperforms essential operating tasks Most important part: operating system (OS)
Some operating system options
Windows
Unix Linux
Mac OS
Application Softwareenables user to perform tasks
Install after the OS
Compatibility: application depends on OS, forexample,
Linux applications wont work on Windows
Windows applications wont work on LinuxAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
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References
Williams, B.K., and Sawyer, S.C. (2007). Using
Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to
Computers & Communications. 10th Edition, McGraw-
Hill, New York.
Brookshear, J.G. (2012) Computer Science: an Overview.
12th edition. Addison-Wesley.
Gonick, L., and Wheelis, M. (1983) The Cartoon Guide to
the Computer. Barnes and Noble Books.