psychosocial theories in nursing
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Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)The father of psychoanalysis
He developed psychoanalytical theoryHe believes that desire and libido are the driving force of human.
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3 Components of personality1. ID- is the part of ones nature that reflects basic or
innate desire such as pleasure seeking behavior,aggression and sexual impulses.
Immediate gratification No regards for rules or social convention
2. SUPEREGO- is a part of persons nature that reflects moraland ethical concepts, values and parental
The opposite of ID3. EGO- is the balancing or mediating force between the ID
and SUPEREGO
Represent a mature and responsible behavior
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THE 3 LEVELS OF AWARENESS1) Conscious- refers to perceptions, thoughts and emotions that
exist in the persons awareness. Being aware of happy feelings Thinking about love ones Smallest component of mind
2) Preconscious- thoughts and emotions that are not currently inthe persons awareness but He or She can recall them with someeffort.
Needs hint or clue
Tip of the tongue3) Unconscious- is the real thought and feelings that motivate a
person, even though He or She is totally unaware of them. This includes defense mechanism
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Defense Mechanism To protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thought, feeling or events.1) Displacement-your boss shouts you, you shout at your subordinate.2) Sublimation- substituting a socially unacceptable to acceptable.3) Denial- I'm not4) Dissociation- psychological flight from self.5) Regression- RETURN to an earlier developmental stage6) Fixation- stuck in a stage of development7) Repression- unconscious forgetting8) Suppression- conscious forgetting9) Rationalization-uses because has illogical reasoning10) Reaction formation- PLASTIC, doing opposite of intention
11) Undoing- exhibit acceptable behavior to make up for negative unacceptablebehavior
12) Identification- models a certain behavior from a certain role model.13) Projection- blaming other, look for a escape goat.14) Introjections- blaming self15) Conversion- psychological problem converted to physical symptoms
16) Compensation- lack on one but excel on another thing.17) Substitution- replace a difficult role with easy one.
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Freudian dream analysisFreuds believed that a persons dream reflected his or
her subconscious and significant meaning.
Transference and counter transferenceTransference= client displaces his feelings to the nurse.
Counter transference= a nurse displace his/herfeelings to the client.
Cross transference= both
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Erik Erikson(1902-1994)A German born psychoanalyst.
He developed the 8 psychosocial stages of
development.
Jean Piaget(1896-1980)Explored how intelligence and cognitive functioning
developed in children.He developed the 4 stages of cognitive development.
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AGE STAGE SIGMUND FREUD(Psychosexual)
ERIK ERIKSON(Psychosocial)
JEAN PIAGET(Cognitive)
0 to18mos
Infant Oral Trust vs. Mistrust Sensory motor
18 to3yrs
Toddler Anal Autonomy vs.Shame and doubt
Sensory motor
3 to6yrs
Preschool Phallic Initiative vs. Guilt Pre-operational
6 to12yrs
School age Latent Industry vs.Inferiority
Concreteoperational
12 to20yrs
adolescence Genital Identity vs. Roleconfusion
Formal operational
20 to
25yrs
Early adult Intimacy vs.
Isolation
25 to45yrs
Middleadult
Generativity vs.Stagnation
45 up Maturity Integrity vs.
Despair
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ABRAHAM MASLOW
HIERARCHY OF NEEDSSelf
Actualization5
Self Esteem
Love and Belonging
Safe and Security
Physiologic Needs
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Sidz