psychometric report egoism/altruism test -...

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Description:

A 23-item test assessing egoism/altruism. Low scores indicate extreme altruism; high scores indicate extreme egoism. The test yields an overall egoism/altruism score and a personalized interpretation of the results.

Reference: Jacobson, N., Jerabek, I., Tidman, L. (2000). Egoism/Altruism Test. Queendom.com Sample Size: 29, 257 Sample Description: The sample used in this study was randomly selected from a pool of nearly thirty thousand participants. It includes men and women, aged 10 to 80, who took the test on the Queendom.com website. Number of questions: 23

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 2

Descriptive Statistics SCORE

N Valid 29257Missing 0

Mean 41.4968Std. Error of Mean 6.905E-02

Median 40.0000Mode 38.00

Std. Deviation 11.8101Variance 139.4796

Skewness 1.067Std. Error of Skewness .014

Kurtosis 3.278Std. Error of Kurtosis .029

Range 100.00Minimum .00Maximum 100.00

Sum 1214073.00Percentiles 5 25.0000

10 29.000015 31.000020 32.000025 34.000030 35.000035 37.000040 38.000045 39.000050 40.000055 41.000060 43.000065 44.000070 46.000075 47.000080 49.000085 52.000090 56.000095 62.000097 67.000099 81.4200


Distribution for the Egoism/Altruism Test The distribution of the scores is shown in red; the normal curve is represented by the black line plotted over it. The scores are displayed on the x-axis. The y-axis corresponds to the number of respondents who fall into the relevant score range.

SCORE

100.090.0

80.070.0

60.050.0

40.030.0

20.010.0

0.0

SCORE

Freq

uenc

y

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Std. Dev = 11.81 Mean = 41.5

N = 29257.00


Reliability and Internal Consistency Score (23 items)

Inter-Item Consistency Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha: 0.8118

Split-Half Reliability Correlation between forms: 0.6972 Spearman-Brown formula: 0.8218 Guttman’s formula: 0.8183


Criterion and Construct Validity 1. Relationship between egoism score and relationship status: Question #1: Relationship status Married Living with partner In a relationship, but living apart [Living apart] Currently not in a relationship [Not in relationship] Divorced and single Widowed and single Engaged to be married Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects depending on their relationship status. Subjects who were either married or divorced and single were less egoistic than subjects who reported any other relationship status. This may be because these two groups are generally older than the other groups. The effects are robust. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(6,17494) = 61.163 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND RELATIONSHIP STATUS

Relationship status

EngagedWidowed and single

Divorced and singleNot in relationship

Living apartLiving with partner

Married

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

43

42

41

40

39

38

37


2. Relationship between egoism score and length of current relationship: Question #2: How long have you been in your current relationship? Less than a year 1-2 years 3-5 years 5-7 years 7-10 years 10-15 years 15-20 years 20+ years Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects depending on the length of their current relationship. The longer the subjects had been in a relationship, the lower their egoism scores. The bump in the graph at the 15-20 year mark is not statistically significant. The effects are robust. See Annex 2 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(7,9771) = 30.873 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND LENGTH OF CURRENT RELATIONSHIP

Length of Current Relationship

20+ years15-20 years

10-15 years7-10 years

5-7 years2-5 years

1-2 yearsLess than a year

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

42

41

40

39

38

37

36


3. Relationship between egoism score and satisfaction with current romantic relationship: Question #3: How satisfied are you with your current relationship? I am 100% satisfied I am quite content I am neither happy nor unhappy [Neither happy nor unhappy] I am rather unhappy Our relationship is terrible [Terrible] Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects depending on their level of satisfaction with their current romantic relationship. The more satisfied the subjects reported being, the lower their egoism scores. The effects are robust. See Annex 3 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,9719) = 30.593 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SATISFACTION WITH CURRENT ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP

Relationship Satisfaction

TerribleI am rather unhappy

Not happy or unhappyI am quite content

I am 100% satisfied

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

48

46

44

42

40

38


4. Relationship between egoism score and satisfaction with relationship with own children: Question #4: How satisfied are you with your relationship with your children? I am 100% satisfied I am quite content I am neither happy nor unhappy [Neither happy nor unhappy] I am rather unhappy Our relationship is terrible [Terrible] Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to their satisfaction with their relationships with their own children. The more satisfied subjects reported being with their relationship with their children, the lower their egoism scores. The effects are robust. See Annex 4 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,4157) = 61.714 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SATISFACTION WITH RELATIONSHIP WITH OWN CHILDREN

Relationship Satisfaction - children



I am 100% satisfied

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

60

50

40

30


5. Relationship between egoism score and satisfaction with relationship with friends: Question #5: How satisfied are you with your relationship with your friends? I am 100% satisfied I am quite content I am neither happy nor unhappy [Neither happy nor unhappy] I am rather unhappy Our relationship is terrible [Terrible] Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to their level of satisfaction with their relationship with friends. The more satisfied the subjects reported being with their relationship with friends, the lower their egoism scores. The effects are robust. See Annex 5 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,16891) = 130.646 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SATISFACTION WITH RELATIONSHIP WITH FRIENDS

Relationship Satisfaction - friends



I am 100% satisfied

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

60

50

40

30


6. Relationship between egoism score and satisfaction with relationship with co-workers: Question #6: How satisfied are you with your relationship with your co-workers? I am 100% satisfied I am quite content I am neither happy nor unhappy [Neither happy nor unhappy] I am rather unhappy Our relationship is terrible [Terrible] Significant differences in scores were found between subjects with respect to their level of satisfaction with their relationship with their co-workers. The more satisfied they reported being with their relationship with their co-workers, the lower their egoism scores. The effects are robust. See Annex 6 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,14536) = 158.286 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SATISFACTION WITH RELATIONSHIP WITH CO-WORKERS

Relationship Satisfaction - co-workers



I am 100% satisfied

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

60

50

40

30


7. Relationship between egoism score and self-esteem: Question #7: How is your self-esteem? Rock bottom Low Could be better Solid Very solid Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to their level of self-esteem. Generally, the higher the reported self-esteem, the lower the egoism score, except in the case of the highest possible self-esteem rating, which was related to significantly higher egoism. This might be because people with extremely high or extremely low self-esteem tend to be preoccupied with themselves. These effects are robust. See Annex 7 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,17726) = 25.091 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SELF-ESTEEM

Self-Esteem

Very solidSolidCould be betterLowRock bottom

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

44

43

42

41

40

39


8. Relationship between egoism score and stress level: Question #8: How high is your stress level? Very low Low Moderate Rather high High Intolerable Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to their stress level. Subjects reporting the highest and lowest stress levels also had the highest egoism scores. At the very high stress end of the scale, this could be explained by the possibility that people who are highly stressed would be too preoccupied with their stressors to be able to think about others. * The effects are robust. See Annex 8 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(5,17677) = 25.989 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND STRESS LEVEL

Stress Level

IntolerableHighRather highModerateLowVery low

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

40


9. Relationship between egoism score and self-centeredness: Question #9: Have you ever been accused of being self-centered? Yes, often Yes, occasionally Yes, but rarely Almost never Never Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to the frequency with which they have been accused of being self-centered. The more frequently subjects report being accused of being self-centered, the higher their egoism scores. The effects are very robust. See Annex 9 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,17814) = 592.47 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND SELF-CENTEREDNESS

Self-Centered

NeverAlmost neverYes, but rarelyYes, occasionallyYes, often

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

52

50

48

46

44

42

40

38

36

34


10. Relationship between egoism score and general relationship satisfaction: The general relationship satisfaction score was calculated by taking the mean overall rating for the satisfaction ratings in each of the four relationship categories; romantic relationship, relationship with children, relationship with friends, and relationship with co-workers. Significant differences in scores were found between groups of subjects with respect to their general relationship satisfaction. The effects are very robust. See Annex 9 for a table showing homogeneous subsets. F(4,17814) = 592.47 p < 0.0001 EGOISM SCORE AND GENERAL RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION

Self-Centered

NeverAlmost neverYes, but rarelyYes, occasionallyYes, often

Mea

n of

SC

OR

E

52

50

48

46

44

42

40

38

36

34


Gender Differences Egoism score:

• Men scored significantly higher than women on egoism: t(12728) = -8.539 p < 0.0001 Mean difference: -1.5664

Group Statistics Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

SCORE Women 10462 40.2370 10.1467 9.920E-02Men 7113 41.8035 13.0138 .1543

Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of

Means

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence

Interval of the Difference

Lower UpperSCORE -8.539 12727.689 .000 -1.5664 .1834 -1.9260 -1.2068


Correlations

SCORELength of Current Relationship Pearson Correlation -.144

Sig. (2-tailed) .000N 9779

Relationship status Pearson Correlation .095Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 17500Relationship Satisfaction Pearson Correlation .088

Sig. (2-tailed) .000N 9724

Relationship Satisfaction - children Pearson Correlation .172Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 4162Relationship Satisfaction - co-workers Pearson Correlation .187

Sig. (2-tailed) .000N 14541

Relationship Satisfaction - friends Pearson Correlation .160Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 16896Self-Esteem Pearson Correlation -.021

Sig. (2-tailed) .005N 17731

Stress Level Pearson Correlation .019Sig. (2-tailed) .010

N 17683Self-Centered Pearson Correlation -.326

Sig. (2-tailed) .000N 17819

General relationship satisfaction Pearson Correlation .261Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 3139** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). • A weak negative correlation was found between egoism scores and length of current

relationship • A very weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and relationship

status • A very weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and satisfaction

with current romantic relationship • A weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and satisfaction with

relationship with own children • A weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and satisfaction with

relationship with co-workers


• A weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and satisfaction with relationship with friends

• A very weak negative correlation was found between egoism scores and self-esteem ratings

• A very weak positive correlation was found between egoism scores and stress level ratings

• A moderate negative correlation was found between egoism scores and self-centeredness

• A moderate positive correlation was found between egoism scores and general relationship satisfaction


ANNEX 1 - Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to relationship status. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05Relationship status 1 2

Divorced and single 501 37.5030Married 2926 37.6555

Engaged 354 39.9746Living with partner 1548 40.4496

In a relationship, but living apart 3647 41.2004Widowed and single 95 41.4947

Currently not in a relationship 8430 41.9416Sig. 1.000 .148

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 418.466. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.


ANNEX 2 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to length of current romantic relationship. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05 Length of Current Relationship 1 2 3 4

20 years and longer 617 36.7666 10 to 15 years 658 37.3435

7 to 10 years 580 38.0172 38.0172 15 to 20 years 404 38.0743 38.0743

5 to 7 years 681 39.3142 39.3142 2 to 5 years 1633 39.6607 39.6607 1 to 2 years 2040 40.8515 40.8515

less than 1 year 3166 41.6718Sig. .255 .058 .098 .814



ANNEX 3 – Homogeneous Subsets The following table presents the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to satisfaction with current romantic relationship. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05Relationship Satisfaction 1 2 3

I am 100% satisfied 2643 38.7219I am rather unhappy 835 39.9689 39.9689

I am quite content 4570 40.0611 40.0611I am neither happy nor unhappy 1453 41.4288

Our relationship is terrible 223 45.8251Sig. .144 .088 1.000



ANNEX 4 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to satisfaction with relationship with own children. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05 Relationship Satisfaction - children 1 2 3

I am quite content 1877 37.2365 I am 100% satisfied 1491 37.3816 I am rather unhappy 237 40.2532

I am neither happy nor unhappy 474 40.6899 Our relationship is terrible 83 54.3614

Sig. 1.000 .991 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 255.353. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.


ANNEX 5 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to satisfaction with relationship with friends. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05Relationship Satisfaction - friends 1 2 3

I am 100% satisfied 2609 38.5784I am quite content 9948 40.0547

I am neither happy nor unhappy 3101 42.8949I am rather unhappy 1103 43.7362




ANNEX 6 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to satisfaction with relationship with co-workers. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05 Relationship Satisfaction - co-workers 1 2 3

I am 100% satisfied 1531 38.0300 I am quite content 7774 39.3642

I am neither happy nor unhappy 4104 42.3031 I am rather unhappy 952 43.5798




ANNEX 7 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to self-esteem. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05Self-Esteem 1 2 3

Solid 6271 39.9812Could be better 6823 40.6239

Low 1786 41.6865Very solid 2235 42.0255

Rock bottom 616 43.2549Sig. .462 .907 1.000



ANNEX 8 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to stress level. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05Stress Level 1 2 3

Moderate 7007 40.4200Low 2496 40.4904

Rather high 4428 40.6317High 2165 40.8587

Very low 1148 42.1638Intolerable 439 46.2870

Sig. .914 1.000 1.000Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 1369.841. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.


ANNEX 9 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to self-centeredness. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05 Self-Centered 1 2 3 4 5

Never 2838 36.7181 Almost never 5284 38.2294

Yes, but rarely 4739 40.4647 Yes, occasionally 3447 44.1207

Yes, often 1511 50.7743 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000




ANNEX 10 – Homogeneous Subsets The following tables present the homogeneous subsets for egoism score with respect to general relationship satisfaction. EGOISM SCORE Tukey HSD

N Subset for alpha = .05 General relationship satisfaction 1 2 3 4

I am 100% satisfied 281 34.5267 I am quite content 1879 37.0921 37.0921

I am neither happy nor unhappy 882 40.4036 40.4036 I am rather unhappy 81 45.3333

Our relationship is terrible 16 81.1875Sig. .656 .403 .069 1.000


psychometric report egoism/altruism test -...

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