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Name: ________________________
Vincent Massey Collegiate
Psychology 40S Exam Review
January 2015
C. McMurray
EXAM DATE: Thursday, January 22 Slot 3: 1:30-3:30 Room:________
Psychology 40S Final Exam Review Exam Date: Thursday, January 22nd, 1:30-3:3070 marks multiple choice and 30 marks short and long answer questions
Psychology3 Main Levels of Analysis “The Biopsychosocial Approach”Psychology’s perspectives:
1. Neuroscience2. Evolutionary3. Behaviour Genetics4. Psychodynamic5. Behavioural 6. Cognitive7. Social-Cultural
Psychology’s subfields:Research (basic)Applied
Clinical psychologistCounseling psychologistPsychiatrist
Goals of PsychologyHindsight biasHypothesis
3 types of Research:Descriptive (case study, survey, naturalistic observation)CorrelationalExperimental
Random samplePopulationPositive correlationNegative correlationNo correlationDouble blind procedurePlaceboPlacebo effectIndependent variableDependent variableExperimental groupControl groupDescriptive statistics (mean, mode, median, range)
Ethics in Research (Human and Animal)
Memory 3 levels of Processing (3 levels of Memory)EncodingStorageRetrievalEffortful processingAutomatic processingMnemonics (Peg word, chunking, hierarchy, acronyms)Memory palaceConcept mapsShort term memory/Working memoryMagical #7 plus or minus 2RehearsalLong Term memoryFlashbulb memoryContext effectsDéjà vuMood congruent memoryMisinformation
PersonalityTraitsExtroverts and IntrovertsBig Five Personality Test and Myers Briggs testFreud:Psychodynamic PerspectiveStages of Psychosexual DevelopmentPsychoanalysisFree AssociationPersonality: Structure of the Mind (ID, EGO SUPEREGO)Defense Mechanisms: repression. Regression, reaction formation, projection, reationalization, displacement, denial
Biological Basis of BehaviourThe Brain:Brain StemMedullaCerebellumCorpus CallosumThalamusLimbic systemAmygadalaPituitary GlandHippocampusHypothalamusCerebral CortexMotor CortexSensory CortexLobes of the Brain: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipitalPlasticityOther: Phineas Gage, PlasticityFranz Gall: Phrenology
The Nervous System:Parts of the neuron and their functions:DendritesAxonMyelin SheathAxon Terminal BranchesSynapseAction Potential
Neurotransmitters:SerotoninAchDopamineCentral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous SystemSympathetic Nervous System (Fight or Flight Response)Parasympathetic Nervous system
The Endocrine System:Glands and hormonesPituitary Gland – growth hormoneThyroid Gland – ThyroxinAdrenal Gland – AdrenalineTestes – TestosteroneOvaries – Estrogen and progesterone
Altered States of ConsciousnessConsciousness (definition)90 minute Sleep CycleSleep stages: one, two, three, four (Deep sleep) and REM sleepThe importance of Deep Sleep The importance of REM sleepDelta wavesBeta wavesAlpha wavesSleep spindlesSleep disorders: narcolepsy, sleep walking, sleep talking, sleep apnea, night terrorsPsychoactive drugs (definition)Know the 3 types of drugs, examples for each and the effects on the body
Depressants: Alcohol, barbituates (tranquilizers), opiates (morphine and heroin)Stimulants: Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Ectasy (also a mild hallucinogen)Hallucinogens: LSD, Marijuana
DevelopmentDevelopmental Psychologists: Jean Piaget (Stages of Cognitive Development)Lawrence Kohlberg (Stages of Moral Development)Erik Erikson (Stages of Psychosocial Development
Developmental Terms:Rooting reflexGrasping reflexMaturationSchemasAssimilationAccommodationObject permanenceStranger AnxietyEgocentrismConservationHarry Harlow and the monkeyAttachmentCritical periodImprintingParenting styles (Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive)MoralsNature vs Nurture
Motivation and EmotionExtrinsic motivationIntrinsic motivationMaslow’s Hierarchy of needsImmediate vs delayed gratificationEmotional intelligenceEmotionsBasic EmotionsPaul EkmanThe Marshmallow TestLie Detector testsAnger and CatharsisPredictors of Happiness
Stress and HealthStressDistress and EustressExternal locus of controlInternal locus of controlType A type B personality typesStress Appraisal: threat or challenge
Learning Classical Conditioning
Neutral StimulusUnconditioned StimulusUnconditioned ResponseConditioned StimulusConditioned ResponseGeneralization and DiscriminationExtinction and Spontaneous Recovery
Ivan Pavlov’s Dog ExperimentJohn Watson’s Little Albert Experiment
Operant ConditioningPositive ReinforcementNegative ReinforcementPositive PunishmentNegative Punishment
BF Skinner’s Experiment
Social Learning/Observational LearningAlbert Bandura’s Bobo Doll ExperimentMirror Neurons
Social PsychologySocial Psychology (definition)
Stanley Milgram’s Experiment: ObedienceSolomon Asch’s Experiment: ConformityPhilip Zimbardo’s Experiment: Role Playing
Psychological DisordersPsychological disorders (definition)Anxiety Disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSDMood Disorders: Major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorderSchizophreniaPersonality Disorders: Antisocial Personality disorderDissociative Disorders: Dissociative Identity disorder
Sensation and PerceptionSensation PerceptionBottom-up processingTop-down processingAbsolute thresholdsSubliminal thresholdsRods and ConesIllusions
Biopsychosocial Approach:
Classical conditioningPavlov’s Experiment
Operant Conditioning (Skinner Box)
Jean PiagetNotes:
Lawrence KohlbergNotes:
Developmental Theorists:Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud
Erik EriksonNotes:
Sigmund FreudNotes:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs