psych intro
TRANSCRIPT
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Fields of Psychology
Developmental
Physiological
Experimental
Personality
Clinical and Counseling
Social Industrial and Organizational (I/O)
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Areas by Research Interests
Developmental
Physiological
ExperimentalPersonality
Social
Cognitive
Psychometric
Other
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Areas by Profession
Clinical
Counseling
Education/
School
Industrial/
Organizational
Other
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Developmental Psychology
studies human mental and physical growth
from conception to death
child psychologists
adolescent psychologists
life-span psychologists
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Physiological Psychology
investigates the biological basis of human
behavior
neuropsychologists
psychobiologists
behavioral geneticists
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Experimental Psychology
learning
memory
sensation
perception
cognition
motivation
emotion
conducts research on basic
psychological processes, such as:
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Personality Psychology
Personality psychologists study the
differences among individuals.
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Clinical & Counseling Psychology
Clinical psychologists are interested
primarily in the diagnosis, cause, and
treatment of psychological disorders.
Counseling psychologists are concerned
primarily with normal problems of
adjustments in life.
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Social Psychology
Social psychologists study how people
influence one another.
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Industrial & Organizational
PsychologyPsychology applied to the workplace.
I/O psychologists are interested in
selecting and training personnel improving productivity and working
conditions
the impact of computerization andautomation on workers
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Enduring Issues in Psychology
Person Situation
Heredity Environment
StabilityChange
Diversity
Mind
Body
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Psychology as Science
scientific method
theory
hypotheses
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Scientific Method
An approach to knowledge that relies on a
systematic method of generating
hypotheses, collecting data, and explainingthe data.
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Theory
The systematic explanation of a
phenomenon.
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Hypothesis
A specific, testable prediction derived from
a theory.
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Goals of Psychology
describe,
explain,
predict,
and control some behaviors
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Structuralism: Wundt & Titchener
Structuralism was concerned withidentifying the units of conscious
experience.
1879: Wundt founds psychologys first
laboratory at Leipzig
Titchener subdivided consciousness into
physical sensations, feelings, and images
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Functionalism: William James
Functionalism was concerned with the
ongoing use of conscious experience.
James argued that consciousness cannot bebroken into elements.
coined the phrase stream of consciousness
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Psychodynamics: Sigmund Freud
Freud focused on the unconscious
determinants of behavior.
Freud developed a method of therapy calledpsychoanalysis.
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Behaviorism: Watson & Skinner
Behaviorism is only concerned with
behavior that can be observed and
measured. Watson founded behaviorism.
Skinner focused on the role of
reinforcement.
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Gestalt: Wertheimer, Khler,
& Koffka Gestaltmovement was concerned with the
perception of good form.
coined the phrase the whole is not equal tothe sum of its parts
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Existential and Humanistic
Existentialism is concerned with alienation
and apathy in modern life.
Humanism is concerned with helping peoplerealize their full potential.
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Cognitive Psychology
concerned with memory, thinking,
language, learning, decision making
expanded the concept of behavior toinclude thoughts, feelings, and states of
consciousness
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Evolutionary Psychology
concerned with
the evolutionary origins of behaviors and
mental process, their adaptive value,
and the purposes they continue to serve