ps 7a outline

7/27/2019 Ps 7a Outline

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AQUINASand thePhilippinesunder

Spanish Colonial Rule

* ANGARA, MARIA KYRILL ANGELI B.* CARDINEZ, MARLO P.

* MATAAG, DEVONIE MAY M.

* PAET, DAPHNE JOYCE F.

* QUIRIONES, KRISYL R.

*authors are students of Political Philosophy underMs. Shivanee Dolo Ph.D. TTS6:00-7:00 P403


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When the first Spaniards arrived in 16th

century, they were surprised to see the early

Filipinos having a civilization of their own and living in a well-organized independent village

called barangays. The name barangays originated from the name balangay, a Malay word

meaning sailboat. Evidently, our seafaring ancestors name their villages after their sailboats.

According to Aquinas, it is natural/automatic for people to be part of the state, associatingthis statement from Aquinas through the Spanish occupation, Filipinos are automatically citizens

of the Spanish colonial government.

Spains aim in colonizing overseas lands may be keynoted by three Gs Glory, Gold,

God. Colonization arose out of Spains ambition to be the greatest empire in the world, byacquiring colonies around the world. The second aim of Spanish colonization was the desire for

gold or economic wealth. This aim sprang from the struggle among European power to

monopolize the spice trade of the Orient and to acquire riches. But the chief aim of her

colonization was the propagation of the Catholic Christianity. This is the reason why every

exploration, discovery, expedition and conquest was accompanied by missionaries.

I.STATE

Natural / Automatic for people to bepart of the state,

The state cannot provide all the needs ofman;* Temporal needs provided by the

State

* Supernatural needsprovided by the

Church

When the Spanish colonization startedFilipinos are automatically part of the state.

The Spanish government cannot provide allthe needs of its people thus, they use the

Cross and the Church to addresses the needs

of the people.

When the Spanish colonial government started, they cannot provide all the needs of the

people, they can only provide temporal needs, for example, the encomienda system, whereinencomenderos in exchange to the inhabitant, was obliged by the law to promote the welfare of

the inhabitants. His duties were (1) to protect the inhabitants from enemies, (2) to promote

education of the people, and (3) to assist the missionaries in Christianizing them, thus here enters

the church providing the supernatural needs of the people.


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II. LAWS It induce or restrain you from acting It is a product of reason that directed towards the common good

Human LawRAs, Statutes, PDs, EOs.

1.

Promulgated by a competent authority2. Does not exceed the competentauthority

3. Must give reasonable burdens topeople

4. Consistent with the Principle ofSubsidiarity

5. It must not oppose the eternal law

The Leyes de Indias (Laws of Indies)was the basic law implemented butgradually modified by royal decrees, itregulates the social, political and

economic life in the colony. Other laws

were the following: Actos Acordados,and Siete Partidas.

Upon the colonization of the Spaniards in the Philippines, they impose laws that will

induce or restrain the people, to regulate their social, political and economic life. Some of these

were:

The Leyes de Indias (Laws of Indies) body of laws issued by the Spanish crown for itsamerican and Philippine possessions of its empire. They regulated social, political and

economic life in these areas, but gradually modified by the royal decrees.

Actos acordadosthis are laws that were enacted upon the agreement between membersof the royal audience and the governor general.

Siete Partidas (7 part codes) - statutory codes.If the case had been tried and judgment given under the Civil Code, a way was found to convert

it into criminal case: and which, apparently settles under the Criminal Code.

WHO SHOULD RULE?

Magnanimous Ruler with the rule ofREASON and FAITH

Who is the ruler? King of Spain(Divine Right Theory)

SUPREMACY OF THE FRIARS Inthe local government, the parish priest

was the real power, his approval was

necessary on almost all acts of the local

affairs.

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT - TheKing governed the country through the

Ministry of Colonies, with the

Governor-General as the head of the

Spanish colonial government, he

represented the crown in allgovernmental matters.


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In the Thomasian context, asking now who should be the ruler, he would say that the

ruler should be a Magnanimous Ruler, ruled with Reason and Faith. Associated with that is the

Divine right theoryit is believe that the authority of the king (e.g. the King of Spain) over hissubject is given directly by God, and the rulers; the idea that the ruler was Gods appointed agent

on earth.

Since the Philippines was governed by the King of Spain, he governed the country

through the Ministerio de Ultramar or the Ministry of Colonies. The government was unitary as

policies implemented by the colonial administration from Luzon to Mindanao emanated from the

Imperial Manila, the seat of the central government.

The National Government. The Governor-General, appointed as the head of the Spanish

colonial government in the country. As such he represented the crown in all governmental

affairs. He was an ex-officio president of the Audience Real or the Royal Audience, the Supreme

Court during those times.

The Local Government. Below the national government were the local government

units, namely, provinces which was headed by an alcalde mayor, cities/towns - gobernadorcillos,and barrios/barangaycabeza the barangay. But the friars are real power, they are the superiors,

the key figure in the local government. The friar was the supervising representative of the

Spanish government for all local affairs. Thus, his approval was necessary on almost all acts ofthe local official. He was practically the ruler of the LGU as he was the inspectors of, schools,

health, prison, accounts of the gobernadorcillos and the cabezas de barangay. Eventually, the

friars became so powerful and influential that even civil authorities feared them.

VALIDITY OF OVERTHROWING THE TYRANT LEADER/S

The Spanish colonial officers especially the Friars, being the supervisors of the king forlocal affairs, exhibit the three (3) qualification of a tyrannical ruler.

1. Move more than his fair share, in the pursuit of honor, power and prestige?- YES, based on the above statement that friar, are the real power over the

local government that even the civil authorities feared them. Instead of

addressing solely to the supernatural needs of the people they becamesuperior than the authorities.

2. Neglected God in the pursuit of honor, power and prestige?- YES, they have neglected God and their obligations. They had children,

acquired a lot of lands, and imposed unreasonably taxes to peopleespecially indulgences. Especially that Spain is a Catholic country.

3. Disregarded others in the pursuit of honor, power and prestige?- They have imposed too much taxes and task to the Filipinos, they dont

care for the Filipinos, they treated Filipinos as slaves imposing forcedlabor to all Filipino males from 1660 years old.

- Racial discrimination to the Filipinos, calling them INDIOS.- Racial prejudice against native Filipinos existed in government offices,

universities, in courts and high society.


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EXCESSIVE IN THE PURSUIT OF HPP?

YES, The Spanish colonial government especially the Friars, imposed: Polo y Servicio Little participation of Filipinos in their government Human rights is denied to Filipinos

Corrupt Spanish officialdom in the Philippines Abuses and immoralities of bad Friars Racial discrimination Spanish maladministration of justice Persecution of Filipino patriots

IS IT FOR THE COMMON GOOD?

- YES, The revolution of Filipinos against the Spaniards was a national struggle, aclamor for Filipino freedom, freedom from the oppressive hands of the Spaniards. Propaganda Movement and its objectives Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law; Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain; Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes;

Individual liberties for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, press and redress of grievances

DID IT RESULTED TO SOCIAL FACTIONALISM? NO, why?

1. Because the PUBLIC BODY ARE DETERMINED, to stand up and fight

against the Spaniards, through the series of revolution.

2. Remember that the Propaganda Movement is a peaceful campaign for reforms

geared towards changing the political and social order in the country under Spanish rule. Withthe failure of the peaceful crusade for reforms, a radical society emerged that work for a total

separation of the Philippines from Spain, the Katipunan, whose discovery led to the outbreak ofthe Philippine Revolution.

FRAILOCRACYRULE OF THE FRIARS As a whole, Spanish colonial administration there was a widespread selling of lower

positions to the highest bidders. This situation give rise to misadministration of the

governmental affairs, bribery, as well as graft and corruption.

ps 7a outline

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