Protostomes

Porifera

Cnidaria

Ctenophora

Acoelomorpha

Rotifera

Platyhelminthes

Annelida

Mollusca

Nematoda

Tardigrada

Onychophora

Arthropoda

Coelom

Bilateral symmetry

Protostome

development

ANIMALS

LOPHOTROCHOZOA

ECDYSOZOA

Echinodermata

Chordata

PR

OT

OS

TO

ME

S

Lophophore

Bryozoans

Phylum Rotifera

Click here for video of rotifers

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Beat diffusion by being flat - Increase size without increasing distance to each cell

Diffusion

Platyhelminthes - Planaria

Platyhelminthes - Planaria

Planarian video here

Phylum Annelida

Hydraulic movement in a tubular animal

Phylum Mollusca

Porifera

Cnidaria

Ctenophora

Acoelomorpha

Rotifera

Platyhelminthes

Annelida

Mollusca

Nematoda

Tardigrada

Onychophora

Arthropoda

Coelom

Bilateral symmetry

Protostome

development

ANIMALS

LOPHOTROCHOZOA

ECDYSOZOA

Echinodermata

Chordata

PR

OT

OS

TO

ME

S

Ecdysozoa

Phylum Nematoda

See Nematode movement here

Phylum Arthropoda

2x

Area = 1 Strength = 1 Weight = 1 Strength/wt = 1

Area = 4 Strength = 4 Weight = 8 Strength/wt = 1/2

Exoskeleton like tube Endoskeleton like rod

Per unit weight, tube is stonger than rod

Generalized arthropod - Segments - Exoskeleton - Ventral nervous system with anterior,

dorsal brain

tagmatization

Tracheal system - Spiracles - Trachea - tracheoles