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TRANSCRIPT
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AP Biology
Protista
Chapter 22
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2007-2008
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Common ancestor
Kingdom: Protists
Domain Eukarya
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General Characteristics
Classification criteria
eukaryotes
not animal, plant or fungi
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Great Diversity
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Problems with Protist Classification Too Diverse!
doesn’t reflect any evolutionary relationship amongst all kingdom members
paraphyletic
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Theory of Endosymbiosis
Ancestral eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell with mitochondrion
internal membrane system
aerobic bacterium
mitochondrion
chloroplast
Eukaryotic cell with chloroplasts
photosynthetic bacterium
Paramecium
& symbiont
Chlorella
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Protist Diversity
The full spectrum of modes of life
from unicellular to multicellular
autotrophic to heterotrophic
asexual to sexual reproduction
pathogenic to beneficial
sessile to mobile
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Mobility
How Protists move
flagellum
cilia
pseudopod
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Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists
heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Stentor Paramecium with food
vacuoles stained red Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium
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Foraminiferans and Radiolarians
Heterotrophic single cells with chalky or glassy shells live in great numbers in the world’s oceans; cytoplasm extends through many pores
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Protist Diversity
Plant-like Protists
autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena
algae
diatoms
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Euglena
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Diatoms
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Multicelled
Brown algae
Used as thickeners
Food
Fertilizer
Herbal supplements
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Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogenic Protists
malaria Giardia trypanosomes
Plasmodium
Giardia
Trypanosoma
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The Malaria Menace
Plasmodium, a single-celled protist, causes malaria – but also manipulates its mosquito and human hosts to maximize its own survival
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Giardia
Intestinal parasite
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Trichomonas vaginalis
STD
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Protist Diversity
Beneficial & necessary Protists
phytoplankton small algae + diatoms
much of the world’s photosynthesis
produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen
zooplankton heterotrophic protists + animals
key ecological role at base of marine food web
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Dinoflagellates
Some are predators / parasites
Some are photosynthetic
Some are bioluminescent