protestant reformation
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Protestant Reformation - this examines the protestant reformation, reasons, spread, important peopleTRANSCRIPT
TheProtestant
ReformationThrough Maps
TheProtestant
ReformationThrough Maps
Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16c
Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.
Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption
Avignon Papacy and Babylonian Captivity
The Great Schism 1309 - 1414
Council of Constance 1414
Marsilius of Padua Defensor Pacis [Defender of the Faith]
• The Pope was head of the Church - only
• The Church’s power belonged with a council of clergy and lay people
• Early Reformers– John Wycliffe
• Priest and Teacher at Oxford University• Offended by the power and wealth of the church• Wanted individuals to read and interpret the Bible• Promoted the publication of the Bible in English• Accused of heresy
– Backed by the Royal Court, forced into retirement
– Jan Huss• Teacher at University of Prague• Read Wycliffe’s work - inspired• Criticized the church - excommunicated• Condemned as a heretic at the Council of Constance (1414)• Burned at the stake
The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press
Movable Type Printing Press, 1450– Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz Germany– Movable type - technology from China– Quicker printing of all books– Bible printed around 1450
The Holy Roman
Empire in the 16c
The Holy Roman
Empire in the 16c
The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism
• Martin Luther, 1483-1546– Priest, Wittenberg, Germany– University of Erfurt studies Law & Theology– 1505 hit by lightning
• Renounced his secular life - could not find the balance between ambition and faith
• Joined Order of the Hermits of St Augustine• Read, fasted and prayed • Found his way with reading the Bible• Transferred to Wittenberg
– Tried teaching theology– Found preaching more comfort– Came to believe that faith in God alone would allow salvation
– Disenchanted with the worldliness of the Church• Hated the practice of selling Indulgences
– Johann Tetzel - raising money for St Peter’s Basilica
• Protested with the 95 Thesis in 1517
The Peasant Revolt - 1525The Peasant Revolt - 1525
Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c
• John Calvin– Followed the legacy of Huldrych Zwingli– Believed in:
• faith in God • reading and interpreting the Bible • Predestination - the elect - dedicated to God’s
wishes• Geneva, Switzerland,1536
– Theocracy– Strict rules designed to show the world that they were
the elect
Calvin preached that people should live good, thrifty, temperate lives. These people became the business classes of Europe.
-- Calvinism – based in Geneva, Switzerland
-- Huguenots -- French Calvinists
-- Presbyterians -- Scottish Calvinists
-- Puritans -- English Calvinists that left
ProtestantChurches
inFrance
(Late 16c)
ProtestantChurches
inFrance
(Late 16c)
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Before 1529, England was a
Catholic country.
Henry VIII was not happy in his
marriage. He changed the whole
system of religion in England. Creating
the Church of England also called
the Anglican Church.
He benefited greatly from the change!
The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
ReformationEurope
(Late 16c)
ReformationEurope
(Late 16c)