proteins the final product of the dna blueprint hemoglobin
TRANSCRIPT
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PROTEINS
The final product of the DNA blueprint
Hemoglobin
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Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it” http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Antibodies – fight disease
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Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it” http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Receptors – part of cell membrane, interacts with outside of cell and tells cell what’s happening
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Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it” http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Enzymes – assemble or digestEnzyme that digests insulin
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Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it” http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Neurotransmitters and hormones – bind to receptors to trigger a response
Neurotransmitters
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Why are proteins important?
Channels and pores – allow large molecules to pass through cell membranes
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What determines the role or function of a protein?
Shape – click for examples
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What determines the shape of a protein?
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins
AminoGroup
AcidGroup
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What determines the shape of a protein?
B. 20 different amino acids each with their own R group
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Each “R” group gives amino acids their . . .
- size
- shape
- charge
- Preference for water (hydrophobic or hydrophilic)
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Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds
What determines the shape of a protein?
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Primary Structure – Sequence of amino acids.
Four levels of structure (Just FYI)
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Secondary Structure – some chains form an alpha helix (coil) or a beta sheet (accordion).
Four levels of structure
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Tertiary Structure – How all of the helices and sheets fold together.
Four levels of structure
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Quaternary Structure – some proteins are made of more than one subunit.
Four levels of structure
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Summary – How the protein folds is determined by thetype and number of amino acids used.
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How does the body know how to make proteins?
A.DNA sequence.
B. If nucleotide order is changed:
- sequence of amino acids is changed.
- Shape of protein is different.
- Protein loses function.
Cystic Fibrosis Video – “Cracking the Code” Chapter 9 )
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Genetic Testing VideoCLICK HERE -
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/national/series/dnaage/index.html - WATCH “When a DNA Test Shows a Lethal Fate”