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Protein Synthesis Making Proteins

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Why Do We Need Proteins? 2.Cell Processes  Hormones (signals)  Enzymes (speed up reactions)

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Page 1: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Protein SynthesisMaking Proteins

Page 2: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Why Do We Need Proteins?

1. Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein

Cell membrane

Page 3: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Why Do We Need Proteins?

2. Cell Processes

Hormones (signals)

Enzymes (speed up reactions)

Page 4: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Why Do We Need Proteins?

Membrane Channels (remember transport?)

Neurotransmitters(carry nerve / brain messages)

Page 5: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?

1.DNA

Template for making mRNA during Transcription

Page 6: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?

2. RNAa. mRNA = messenger RNA

makes & takes copy of DNA to cytoplasm

b. tRNA = transfer RNA

Matches w/ mRNA on ribosome

Carries AA to add to protein chain?s 1-7

Page 7: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?

c. rRNA = ribosomal RNA

Part of ribosome

Reads mRNA

Directs tRNA

Page 8: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?

3. Ribosome

Reads mRNA

Directs tRNA

Creates peptide bonds between AAs(makes polypeptide chain)

Page 9: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?

4. Amino Acids (AAs) Building blocks of proteins

(20 AAs exist) Protein = AA chain

= polypeptide chain ORDER MATTERS!

AA order determines f(x) of protein

?s 8-12

Page 10: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Steps of Protein Synthesis

1. Transcription (writing the “message”) DNA ►mRNA

messenger carries codeto cytoplasm

2. Translation (reading the “message”) mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain)

message translated into a protein

Page 11: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Steps of Protein Synthesis

http://www.aw.com/
Page 12: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Steps of Protein Synthesis

(Nucleus)

(Cytoplasm)

↓

http://www.aw.com/
Page 13: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Transcription

DNA ►mRNA1. Location = nucleus2. Steps

a. Enzyme binds to DNA, unzips itb. mRNA copy of gene made

from DNA template*U replaces T in RNA

Page 14: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Transcription

3 DNA nucleotides (triplet) ►mRNA codon

Codons

Page 15: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Translation

mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain)

Location = cytoplasm

(first codon in mRNA is the start codon AUG)

?s 13-17

Page 16: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Translation

Steps of Translation1. mRNA moves to cytoplasm,

binds to ribosome2. tRNA anticodon UAC brings

AA (methionine) to mRNA codon

on ribosome

Page 17: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Translation3. Ribosome moves down mRNA

to next codon

4. tRNA anticodon brings & attaches next AA with peptide bond

Page 18: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Translation

5. tRNA leaves ribosome once AA attached

tRNA

mRNA

AA

Protein chain

Page 19: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Translation6. Steps 1-5 repeated, adding AAs

until STOP CODON *signals end of protein

7. Polypeptide chain released from ribosome

* UAG, UAA, or UGA

Page 20: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis PracticeDNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC

GGA

CCT

TAT

ACT

Page 21: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG

GGA

CCT

TAT

ACT

Page 22: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA

CCT

TAT

ACT

Page 23: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU

CCT

TAT

ACT

Page 24: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT

TAT

ACT

Page 25: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA

TAT

ACT

Page 26: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA CCU

TAT

ACT

Page 27: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA CCU

TAT AUA

ACT

Page 28: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA CCU

TAT AUA UAU

ACT

Page 29: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA CCU

TAT AUA UAU

ACT UGA

Page 30: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Synthesis Practice

DNA Triplet

mRNA Codon

tRNA Anti-codon

TAC AUG UAC

GGA CCU GGA

CCT GGA CCU

TAT AUA UAU

ACT UGA ACU

Page 31: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

AMINO ACID FUN!!

DNA Triplet: ACCmRNA codon: UGGtRNA anti-codon: ACCAmino acid: TryptophanWhy you should know this? Tryptophan is in TURKEY – makes you sleepy

Page 32: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

Protein Synthesis Animationhttp://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/images/animtransln.gif

?s 18-25

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/images/animtransln.gif

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