protein synthesis horner jacob (cooler than michael lin)

Protein Synthesis

By Jacob Horner

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nucleus

TACCGGCCCATAATCTAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AU

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG G

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GG

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GGG U

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GGG UAU

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GGG UAU UA

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAG

mRNA Strand

TAC CGG CCC ATA ATC

ATG GCC GGG TAT TAG

RNA Polymerase

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAG

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Nuclear Pore

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAG

Ribosomes – bind mRNA and tRNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Start Codon Codons Stop Codon

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAG

Larger Subunit

Smaller Subunit

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAG

UAC CGG

tRNA

Anti-codon

Amino acids

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAGUAC CGG

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAGUAC CGG CGG

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAGUAC CGG CGG

CGG

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAGUAC CGG CGG CGG


STOP


AUC

STOP

AUG GCC GGG UAU UAGUAC CGG CGG CGG AUC

STOP

The amino acid chain is folding into a tertiary structure so it can function.

Summary

Beginning in the nucleus, we zoom in on a strand of DNA. RNA polymerase comes in to unwind the double-stranded DNA. As it unwinds the DNA, it reads the nitrogenous bases and finds their complement, creating a strand of mRNA (messenger RNA). Except, in this case, Adenine’s base pair is not thymine, because it is replaced by uracil. This process is called transcription.

Summary (cont.)

The strand of mRNA breaks off and we zoom out of the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus through a small pore called the nuclear pore. Once the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm, it binds with a ribosome. Now, we begin translation. First, we zoom in on the ribosome and mRNA strand. Ribosomes bind mRNA and tRNA (translation RNA) to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. Ribosomes have a large and small subunit.

Summary (cont.)

The first group of bases is known as the start codon. The middle ones are known as codons and the last one in known as the stop codon. tRNA comes in, carrying the bases complements called the anti-codon. With an amino acid attached, tRNA connects the bases with their compliments on the start codon. The same thing is happening to the second codon. Once the start codon has received its complementary bases, tRNA leaves, leaving behind its amino acid.

Summary (cont.)

The amino acid then attaches to the second codon’s amino acid, forming a polypeptide bond. Another tRNA comes in to supply the third codon with its complementary bases. tRNA leaves the second codon, leaving behind the polypeptide bond. That then attatches to the third codon’s tRNA amino acid. Then another tRNA comes in with the fourth codon’s complements. This cycle continues until you get to the stop codon.

Summary (cont.)

The stop codon ends the cycle, not leaving an amino acid. The amino acid chain that is formed cannot function until it folds into a tertiary structure, so it does. Thus, ending translation.

THE END

protein synthesis horner jacob (cooler than michael lin)

Education

small pore

amino acid chain

codons trna amino acid

codons amino acid

start codon

mrna strand

trna leaves

codoncodonsstop codon