protection of the central nervous system slide 7.44a copyright © 2003 pearson education, inc....

Protection of the Central Protection of the Central Nervous System Nervous System Slide 7.44a right © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral column Meninges Figure 7.16a

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Protection of the Central Nervous Protection of the Central Nervous SystemSystem

Slide 7.44a

Scalp and skin

Skull and vertebral column

Meninges

Figure 7.16a

Page 2: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Protection of the Central Nervous Protection of the Central Nervous SystemSystem

Slide 7.44b

Cerebrospinal fluid

Blood brain barrier

Figure 7.16a

Page 3: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

MeningesMeninges

Slide 7.45a

Dura mater

Double-layered external covering

Periosteum – attached to surface of the skull

Meningeal layer – outer covering of the brain

Folds inward in several areas

Page 4: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

MeningesMeninges

Slide 7.45b

Arachnoid layer

Middle layer

Web-like

Pia mater

Internal layer

Clings to the surface of the brain

Page 5: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Similar to blood plasma composition

Formed by the choroid plexus

Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain

Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord

Page 6: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Ventricles and Location of the Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Slide 7.47a

Figure 7.17a

Page 7: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Ventricles and Location of the Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Slide 7.47b

Figure 7.17b

Page 8: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Blood Brain BarrierBlood Brain Barrier

Includes the least permeable capillaries of the body

Excludes many potentially harmful substances

Useless against some substances Fats and fat soluble molecules Respiratory gases Alcohol Nicotine Anesthesia

Page 9: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Traumatic Brain InjuriesTraumatic Brain Injuries

Concussion Slight brain injury No permanent brain damage

Contusion Nervous tissue destruction occurs Nervous tissue does not regenerate

Cerebral edema Swelling from the inflammatory response May compress and kill brain tissue

Page 10: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Commonly called a stroke

The result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain

Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies

Loss of some functions or death may result

Page 11: Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scalp and skin Skull

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