protecting sources of drinking water chuck kanetsky, epa region 3
TRANSCRIPT
Protecting SourcesProtecting Sources of Drinking Water of Drinking Water
Chuck Kanetsky, EPA Region 3
Goal: Improve Source Goal: Improve Source Water QualityWater Quality
• Minimize risk to public health through risk reduction in source water areas
• Develop prevention & protection strategies, achieve substantial implementation of strategies for individual CWS
RISK RISK RISK RISK
PROTECTIONBARRIERS
RISKPREVENTION
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MONITORING/COMPLIANCE
INDIVIDUALACTION
EPA’s Water Quality EPA’s Water Quality LawsLaws•Clean Water Act (CWA) 1972
–Water Quality Standards –Discharge Permits–Waste Water Treatment –Wetlands–Nonpoint Source Pollution–Assessment of water–Assessment of impaired waters
•Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1974
–Standard Setting for Drinking Water–Public Water Supply Supervision–Underground Injection Control–Sole Source Aquifer Program–Wellhead Protection Program–Source Water Assessment Program
Source Water Assessment Source Water Assessment ProgramsPrograms
Required through SDWA Section 1453, 1996 Amendments
Comprehensive assessment / prioritization of potential threats for every Public Water Supply System (PWS)
All States developed programs for EPA approval Required extensive public involvement in program design Wellhead Protection Programs cornerstone of SWP Programs Funded through Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Diversity from State to State/system type by system type
• Challenges–No requirement for protection–Resources–Numbers of systems change
SWAP BasicsSWAP Basics
• State assessment program plans were due in early 1999
• EPA approval within 6 months of submittal
• States assess sources for all public water systems by 2003
• 21,000 public water systems in EPA - Region 3, servicing > 25 million people
Source Water Assessment Dollars
Delaware $674,604District of Columbia $405,778Maryland $1,764,090Pennsylvania
$5,327,070Virginia $2,944,240West Virginia $1,255,880
Key SWA ElementsKey SWA Elements
• Delineation
• Contaminant Source Inventories
• Susceptibility Analyses
• Public participation and public access to assessment results
SWAP – DelineationSWAP – Delineation
• Immediate area of impact– Well
•5 year time of travel•1 mile radius
– Surface water•Watershed boundaries
Intake
SWAP – Contamination SWAP – Contamination Source InventorySource Inventory
• Permit Compliance System
• Toxic Release Inventory• Underground Storage
Tanks• RCRA• Superfund• Land Use Information
SWAP – Susceptibility SWAP – Susceptibility AnalysisAnalysis
• Analysis of risk– Hydrogeology/hydrology– Understanding of contaminants– Effectiveness of existing protection
programs
SWAP – Public SWAP – Public ParticipationParticipation
• Public access to assessment results
• Educate public on potential problems
• Protection activities
Source Water Source Water Assessments Assessments AvailabilityAvailability
• Target completion September 2003
• Region 3 States have completed assessments for about 99.5% of 21,0000 Public Water Systems
Use Assessments for Use Assessments for Surface & Ground Water Surface & Ground Water
Source ProtectionSource Protection• Source water protection strategies
to address actual & potential contaminant sources
• Target substantial implementation of protection strategies for 50% of CWS and 62% population by 2011
R3 SWAP Findings (GW)R3 SWAP Findings (GW)DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WVDE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
• Most Prevalent Sources: Ground Water– Commercial/Industrial, Residential Housing,
Agriculture– Highest rankings from R3 states: Residential
septic systems, UST
• Most Threatening Sources: Ground Water– Commercial/Industrial, Residential Housing,
Agriculture– Highest rankings from R3 states: UST, septic
systems, crop production
R3 SWAP Findings (SW)R3 SWAP Findings (SW) DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
• Most Prevalent Sources: Surface Water– Commercial/Industrial, Agriculture, Wastewater,
Transportation– Highest rankings from R3 states: General
agriculture, grazing, overall transportation
• Most Threatening Sources: Surface Water– Agriculture, Commercial/Industrial, Wastewater– Highest rankings from R3 states: General
agriculture, Residential
Strategic ActionsStrategic Actions
• Complete & improve assessments• Use assessments as basis for SW &
GW protection plans• Integrate actions:
– Federal, State, local– CWA & SDWA
• Collaboration among Federal agencies/programs
Water Safe to Drink
Measure #: Strategic Target SP-4 National Office Lead: OGWDW
2011 Target: 62%
Target measure; FY 08 State Grant Template measure. SP-4a is a PART measure. Note: “Minimized risk” is achieved by the substantial implementation, as determined by the state, of actions in a source water protection strategy. The universe is the most recent SDWIS inventory of community water systems. * FY 06 national commitment total adjusted to reflect weighted regional commitments. ** 2006 Adjusted is adjustment of the FY 06 commitment to reflect FY 05 results.
National Program Manager Comments:
Reg 1 Reg 2 Reg 3 Reg 4 Reg 5 Reg 6 Reg 7 Reg 8 Reg 9 Reg 10 Total % Total #2005 Baseline 51% 30% 12% 21% 19% 19% 13% 20% 1% 28% 20% 10,2812006 Commitment 33% 15% 7% 10% 15% 10% 10% 15% 5% 20% 12.7%* 6,7342006 Adjusted Commitment 51% 30% 12% 21% 19% 19% 13% 20% 5% 28% 20%** 10,5672006 End-of-Year 52% 56% 14% 22% 32% 13% 14% 32% 1% 28% 24% 12,6162007 Commitment 52% 56% 18% 25% 23% 18% 15% 30% 10% 28% 25% 13,0872007 End-of-Year 21%2008 Target 22% 30%Universe (FY 07) 2,734 3,905 4,592 9,175 7,482 8,097 4,123 3,151 4,672 4,418 52,349
Reg 1 Reg 2 Reg 3 Reg 4 Reg 5 Reg 6 Reg 7 Reg 8 Reg 9 Reg 10 Total % Total #2005 Baseline 78% 54% 35% 27% 34% 17% 18% 5% 0% 50% 28% 78.92006 Commitment n/a n/a2006 End-of-Year 77% 58% 53% 24% 47% 26% 23% 21% 0% 67% 34%2007 Commitment n/a n/a2007 End-of-Year 54% n/a n/a2008 Target 55% 37% 104.3Universe (in millions) 14.5 32.0 24.7 54.3 42.2 36.1 11.7 9.9 46.1 10.3 100% 281.8
2011 Target: 50%
(SP-4a) Community water systems:
(SP-4b) Population:
Measure Description: Percent of community water systems and percent of the population served by community water systems where risk to public health is minimized by source water protection.
A C D E F G H
NUMERATOR DENOMINATOR % CWSs NUMERATOR DENOMINATOR% POPULATION
REGION 3 956 4,561 21% 13,402,342 24,696,946 54%DELAWARE 48 211 23% 479,662 882,041 54%
DIST. OF COL. DNR 5 DNR DNR 606,730 DNRMARYLAND 308 494 62% 3,191,894 4,888,853 65%
PENNSYLVANIA 431 2,092 21% 6,675,333 10,627,826 63%VIRGINIA 77 1,248 6% 2,297,288 6,429,469 36%
WEST VIRGINIA 92 511 18% 758,165 1,262,027 60%
2007 End of Year Report for Strategic Target "F" / SP-4
REGION & STATEC W S s POPULATION
Region 3State Definition for “Substantial Implementation”
Delaware
Strategies substantially implemented – These strategies refer to “enforceable” protection measures or standards adopted at the local or state level that require protection of water quality or quantity in a source water areas ( wellhead and watershed). (Examples would be local ordinances with SWP regulations, County wide ordinances with SWP regulations, UST Secondary containment policy).
Maryland
Strategy developed and initially implemented means that a local planning team has been established agreed upon a strategy and implemented a portion of the strategy. Substantially implemented means that the most significant risks were or are being addressed by implementing a strategy. For example if a community purchased the recharge area for a well or spring source for protection then the strategy is substantially implemented, even if it was accomplished many years ago.
PennsylvaniaEstablishment of an approved local Source Water Protection Plan or the undertaking of relevant and sustainable actions/efforts that address priority risks as identified in the source water assessment.
Virginia
Waterworks has developed a watershed or wellhead protection plan. Plan does not have to be approved or certified by state but should include all elements of source water strategy such as:a. management team or advisory group that meets on a regular basis,b. identified potential contaminate source(s) [results of SWAPs],c. recommended action(s), and contingency planning [may be already stipulated in VA Waterworks Regulations]
West Virginia
Any community public water supply system or a group of systems that has a protection plan in place and is addressing at least three of the top protection measures identified in its state supplied source water protection plan and/or locally defined protective measures approved by the state is considered substantial implemented. For systems serving 3,000 or fewer people, substantial implementation will be determined on a system by system basis.
Integrate Federal, State & Integrate Federal, State & Local ActionsLocal Actions
• Region 3 pilot projects– Schuylkill Action Network: PADEP,
Philadelphia Water Department, EPA– Potomac Partnership: DW utilities,
MDE, VDH,VADEQ, DCDOH, ICPRB, WVDHHR, PADEP, EPA
– Source Water/UST Collaboration
SAN Structure Reflects SAN Structure Reflects PrioritiesPriorities
Acid Mine Drainage
Agriculture
Storm Water
Pathogen/Compliance
Executive Steering Committee (PADEP, Phila. Water Dept, EPA, DRBC)
Planning Committee
Data Team
Monitoring Strategy
Funding Coordination
Universities/Science
Education/Outreach
Watershed Land Protection
Collaborative
Potomac Partnership Potomac Partnership MissionMission
• Cooperative and Voluntary Partnership
• Improve Source Water Protection
• Multi-barrier Approach
• Safe Guard Public Health
Potomac Partnership Potomac Partnership WorkgroupsWorkgroups
• Strategy• Ag/Pathogens• DBP• Early Warning• Emerging
Contaminants• Urban• Funding
Wellhead ProtectionWellhead Protection
• 4 biennial cumulative reports from ’91 – ‘99
• WHP program used by states as foundation for SWP program
• WHP biennial data provides benchmark for progress on WHP and SWP
• Funded through CWA 106 and SDWA SRF• Integral to groundwater protection in
watersheds
Protecting Public Health: Leaking USTs - a major threat to groundwater supplies
MOU with WCMD and EAID.Underground Storage TankEfforts:
• Prioritize inspections
• Clean up priority tanks
Resources & FundingResources & Funding
• Drinking Water State Revolving Fund: grants for SWP staff, wellhead protection projects; loans for surface water protection projects
• Clean Water State Revolving Fund: loans for point & nonpoint source projects, land acquisition
• CWA grants: Sect. 106, 104(b)(3), 319, 604(b)
• Farm Bill
Drinking Water State Drinking Water State Revolving FundRevolving Fund
• The SDWA, as amended in 1996, established the DWSRF to make funds available to drinking water systems to finance infrastructure improvements.
• Funds are also provided to small, disadvantaged communities and to programs implementing pollution prevention as a tool for ensuring safe drinking water.
• Nationally about $800 Million (20% State Match)
Drinking Water State Drinking Water State Revolving FundRevolving Fund
• Grants for SWP staff, wellhead protection projects; loans for surface water protection projects through set-asides
• 15 % - Land acquisition, Capacity Development, Wellhead Protection
• 10% – Administer or provide technical assistance through SWP programs
• 2% Set-a-side – Technical Support For Small Systems
Springdale, PA - Springdale, PA - SStormwater, UST tormwater, UST
• Storm event caused a salt storage pile to leach into the ground and into drinking water supply.
• Due to leaking UST, benzene contaminated ground water.
• Trichloroethylene (TCE) from another source also contaminated GW well.
• Springdale needed to improve management of land use.
Springdale, PA Springdale, PA continuedcontinued
• The Water Department set-up the Springdale Borough WHP Committee, with guidance from PRWA, and Allegheny County Health Department, to make recommendations to town Council and Planning Division of Allegheny County.
• With assistance from PA DEP SWP grant, the Committee developed a WHP plan, approved by PA DEP in 2003.
• Established a student education program with brochures and newsletters for residents
Zoning and Ordinances, Zoning and Ordinances, Town of Townsend, DETown of Townsend, DE
• Townsend is in southwestern NCC, in Middletown-Odessa-Townsend (M-O-T) Planning Region. Recently M-O-T has had accelerated growth and development.
• Townsend increased area through recent annexations, from original size of 111 acres to 587 acres today.
• Result is primary land use inside the town boundaries is “Vacant Developable”
Zoning and Ordinances, Zoning and Ordinances, Town of Townsend, DE Town of Townsend, DE
continuedcontinued• In 2002 the Town adopted a source water
protection land use ordinance. • Comprehensive environmental ordinance
protects all wetlands, recognizes critical natural resource areas, promotes reforestation and preserves buffers
• Requires new building in “water resource protection areas” to discharge all roof runoff into underground recharge systems and limits the surface area that can be covered by asphalt, cement or other impermeable surfaces.
Parkersburg, WV
• Prepared a Wellhead Protection Plan assisted by the Great Lakes Rural Community Assistance Program
• Participated in the Source Water Assessment Plan
• Partnered with the USGS in developing a generic ground water model for water systems which use radial collector wells
• Abandoned three city wells by safely and properly closing them
