e65dministrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66

Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use in Enteric FeverIn-patients of Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in WesternNepal: A Cross-sectional StudyK. Alam1,2, P. Mishra3, N.K. Angsulee1, 1Department of

Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University,

Bangkok, Thailand, 2Department of Pharmacology,

Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal,3Department of Pharmacology, Saba University School of

Medicine, Saba, Dutch Caribbean, Netherlands Antilles

Objectives: The study was carried out to study the

antibiotic use in in-patient with Enteric Fever and assess

their appropriateness.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two

tertiary-care hospitals viz. Manipal Teaching Hospital

(MTH) and Western Regional Hospital (WRH) in

western Nepal between Aug-September 2010. Data

regarding antibiotic use was collected from patient file

and appropriateness in this study was assessed by

researcher using Medication Appropriateness Index

(MAI) criteria which include indication, effectiveness,

dosage, correct directions, practical directions, drug-

drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, duplication,

duration and expense. Ethical approval was obtained

from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC),

a national research authority under ministry of health

and also permission for research were obtained from

institutional research committee of the two study

hospitals.

Results: Data from 100 in-patients from each hospital

were analysed for antibiotic use. Mean use of antibi-

otics in WRH (2.18 � 0.87) was not significantly

different (P¼.015) from MTH (2.13 � 1.11). Cephalo-

sporin group of antibiotic were used widely to treat

enteric fever in both hospitals which was around

1.12 Cephalosporin per treatment in MTH and 0.93

Cephalosporin per treatment in WRH. We found on

average 31.7% in MTH and 39.5% in WRH of pa-

tient’s treatments with antibiotics were inappropriate.

Further, we found that common type of inappropri-

ateness includes the expensiveness [90% (MTH), 92%

(WRH)] duplication of antibiotics [53% (MTH),

822% (WRH)], prescribing high generation antibiotics

[80% (MTH), 89% (WRH)], and practical direction

[17% (MTH), 33% (WRH)].

Conclusions: Conclusively, more than thirty percent of

patients in both of hospitals treated for enteric fever

received inappropriate antibiotics. Hence we recommend

future education or managerial intervention to improve

appropriateness.

Protecting Children's Health from TelevisionAdvertising of FoodS. Sukamolson, V. Kulsomboon, W. Sriviriyanuparp,

Health Consumer Protection Program, Faculty of

Abstracts / Research in Social and A

Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University,

Bangkok, Thailand

Objectives: To examine the food advertising on child-

ren’s program television based on Notification of the

Public Relations Department Announcement on “Crite-

ria and duration of time for commercials and business

services on radio and television that may have an impact

on children”, dated 18 January 2008, and to recommend

a policy proposal to regulate food advertising on child-

ren’s program in Thailand.

Methods: The study on direct advertorial and indirect

advertorial during children’s program in free TV on 18th

September – 8th October 2010 was conducted to identify

the duration of time, frequency, technique and strategy

used for advertising, and type of products that were ad-

vertised based on the Notification that was already

mentioned.

Results: For the duration of time, the result showed that

23 (69%) of 39 of children’s programs advertised more

than 10 minutes per hour. Of the 39 children’s programs,

13 (33%) had half of their advertising time that could

impact children. For technique and strategy used for

advertising, the results showed that they did not follow

the criteria in the Notification. In addition, 82 percent of

children’s television programs had indirect advertorial.

Conclusions: The results indicated that the advertisement

did not meet the criteria of the Notification of the Public

Relations Department Announcement. Office of the

National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Com-

mission (NBCT) should employ the “Criteria and

duration of time for commercials and business services

on radio and television that may have an impact on

children”, until NBCT implement a new regulation.

Developing a Model for Monitoring and RegulatingIllegally Distributed Medicinal Products with Steroid: ACase of FDA Region 5 in ThailandP. Tongyoung, S. Limsatchapanich, N. Tomacha, Rural

Pharmacy Association

Objective: Due to irrational use and illegally distribution

of medicinal product with steroid as unsafe products

wide spreading in various areas of Thailand, it is needed

to understand current situation and propose a new

strategy to tackle the problem effectively and actively.

A group of regulators in Region 5, which consists of area

in Samutsongkram Province, Samutsakorn Province,

Petchaburi Province and Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov-

ince, decided to conduct a study as R to R (Routine

work to Research) with an aim to identify its pathways

and to develop a new model for monitoring and

regulating steroid illegal distribution, including estab-

lishing steroid alerting system under a concept of

community participation.