proposed sand quarry 223 maude-she oaks road, she oaks · or melbourne via steiglitz road (c142),...

Transport & Traffic Solutions Pty Ltd ABN 56 156 612 707 3 Prentice Street Brunswick VIC 3056

Transport & Traffic Studies │ Parking Studies │ Traffic Management │ Road Safety │ Traffic Engineering │ Civil Engineering

Traffic Impact Assessment Report

Proposed Sand Quarry

223 Maude-She Oaks Road, She Oaks

Vanderlei Nominees Pty Ltd

April 2018


Proposed Sand Quarry, 223 Maude-She Oaks Road Vanderlei Nominees Pty Ltd

12 April 2018 Page | II

Document Issue Record

Project: Proposed Sand Quarry, 223 Maude-She Oaks Road – Traffic Impact Assessment Report

Project Number: 17015

Client: Vanderlei Nominees Pty Ltd

Filename: 17015 Sand Quarry, She Oaks TIAR_Final 180412.docx

Issue Date Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

A 01/03/18 Christina Emmitt Michael Marsicovetere Michael Marsicovetere

Description: Draft

B 12/04/18 Christina Emmitt Michael Marsicovetere Michael Marsicovetere

Description: Final – For Council Submission

The information within this document is and shall remain the property of Transport & Traffic Solutions Pty Ltd. This document is issued to the client for use in connection with the stated project and solely for this project. Third party use of this document is not permitted.

© Transport & Traffic Solutions Pty Ltd



12 April 2018 Page | III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Aim of this Report 2

1.3 References 2

2 EXISTING CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT 3

2.1 Site Location & Land Use 3

2.2 Existing Road Network Characteristics 4

2.3 Existing Intersection Layouts 7

2.4 Existing Road Network Traffic Volumes 9

2.5 Casualty Crash Statistics 10

3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 13

3.1 Proposed Site Plan 13

3.2 Site Operations 13

4 TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 15

4.1 Traffic Generation 15

4.2 Existing Horizontal Road Alignment Review 17

4.3 Existing Carriageway Width Review 17

4.4 Sight Distance Checks 18

4.5 Site Access Arrangement & Internal Site Layout Review 20

5 FINDINGS 21

6 CONCLUSION 24

APPENDIX A – COUNCIL REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 26

APPENDIX B – VICROADS HEAVY VEHICLE NETWORK MAPS 29

APPENDIX C – PROPOSED SITE PLAN 31

APPENDIX D – IDM STANDARD DRAWING NO. SD265, TYPICAL B-DOUBLE VEHICLE CROSSING (RURAL ENTRANCE) 33



12 April 2018 Page | IV

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: LOCALITY PLAN .................................................................................................................. 3 FIGURE 2: LAND USE PLAN ................................................................................................................. 4 FIGURE 3: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH-EAST ALONG THE FRONTAGE OF THE

SITE ................................................................................................................................................. 5 FIGURE 4: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, LOOKING EAST TOWARDS THE SUBJECT SITE .............. 5 FIGURE 5: STEIGLITZ ROAD, LOOKING NORTH TOWARDS MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD ............... 6 FIGURE 6: STEIGLITZ ROAD, LOOKING SOUTH TOWARDS MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD ............... 6 FIGURE 7: SHARP ROAD, LOOKING WEST FROM MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD INTERSECTION ... 7 FIGURE 8: SHARP ROAD, LOOKING WEST TOWARDS THE ONE-WAY BRIDGE OVER

MOORABOOL RIVER ..................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 9: STEIGLITZ-SHE OAKES ROAD, LOOKING NORTH FROM MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD/

SHARP ROAD ................................................................................................................................. 7 FIGURE 10: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD/ STEIGLITZ ROAD INTERSECTION LOOKING NORTH

FROM STEIGLITZ ROAD ................................................................................................................ 8 FIGURE 11: LOOKING SOUTH TOWARDS THE MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD/ STEIGLITZ-SHE

OAKES ROAD/ SHARP ROAD INTERSECTION ........................................................................... 8 FIGURE 12: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK TRAFFIC VOLUMES (DIRECTIONAL) ........................... 10 FIGURE 13: CASUALTY CRASH HISTORY, JANUARY 2013 – DECEMBER 2017 .......................... 12 FIGURE 14: PROPOSED SITE PLAN .................................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 15: LOCALITY PLAN .............................................................................................................. 14 FIGURE 16: EXPECTED ROAD NETWORK TRAFFIC VOLUMES 10 YEARS POST

DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................ 16 FIGURE 17: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, SIGHT DISTANCE FOR A CAR TO THE WEST OF THE

PROPOSED SITE ACCESS POINT (DRIVERS EYE HEIGHT = 1.15M) ..................................... 19 FIGURE 18: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, SIGHT DISTANCE FOR A TRUCK TO THE WEST OF THE

PROPOSED SITE ACCESS POINT (DRIVERS EYE HEIGHT = 2.5M) ....................................... 19 FIGURE 19: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, SIGHT DISTANCE FOR A CAR TO THE EAST OF THE

PROPOSED SITE ACCESS POINT (DRIVERS EYE HEIGHT = 1.15M) ..................................... 20 FIGURE 20: MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD, SIGHT DISTANCE FOR A TRUCK TO THE EAST OF THE

PROPOSED SITE ACCESS POINT (DRIVERS EYE HEIGHT = 2.5M) ....................................... 20

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY RESULTS – MAUDE-SHE OAKS ROAD .............................. 9 TABLE 2: CASUALTY CRASH DETAILS, 1 MAY 2012 – 30 APRIL 2017 .......................................... 11 TABLE 3: DCA CODE LEGEND .......................................................................................................... 12



12 April 2018 Page | 1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

On the 24 March 2017 an application for a Planning Permit was made with Golden Plains Shire Council for the use and development of land located at 223 Maude-She Oaks Road, She Oakes for Stone Extraction (Sand Quarry) and Native Vegetation Removal. A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) prepared by Civil and Traffic Consulting Pty Ltd dated 22 February 2016 was submitted in support of the permit application.

The application was advertised by Golden Plains Shire Council (Application Number P17-071) on the 27 March 2017. A total of 81 objections to the proposal were received by Council. The main grounds of objection related to traffic issues are detailed below:

1. Current (and continued) use of Maude-She Oaks Road and surrounding road network by B-doubles and other heavy vehicles is unsafe.

2. “Near-misses” experienced by locals where-by existing quarry trucks and light vehicles have nearly collided.

3. Roads are currently unsafe due to poor pavement condition, narrow road width on bends, restricted sight distance on bends, steep grades, and high numbers of trucks.

4. More trucks will further degrade the condition of the existing road network.

5. Trucks using roads (and small bridges) that are not approved for heavy vehicle use, e.g. Perdrisat Road and Butchers Road.

6. Crash history involving heavy vehicles in the area (e.g. fatal crash on Perdrisat Road) supports unsafe road and truck use claims.

7. The increase in trucks generated by the proposed quarry will add a lot more trucks to the road network. Strong community perception that there are a lot of trucks currently using the road network.

8. The proposed access point to the site is in an unsafe location and there are no safe locations available to access the site.

9. Removal of roadside vegetation.

Golden Plains Shire Council issued a Request for Further Information (RFI) to the applicant on the 22 May 2017 requesting additional information to the TMP as prepared by Civil and Traffic Consulting. Refer Appendix A for a copy of Council’s RFI. A list of the additional information required that are related to traffic engineering aspects of the proposal are provided below:

1. Informing on existing conditions including traffic counts on surrounding road network.

2. Truck routes and trip generation.

3. The impact on the transport network.

4. Any road safety aspects external to the site in particular where trucks utilise existing road network with steep grades and the ability of trucks to safely negotiate these stepper areas.

5. Changes required to any street signage.

6. Parking demand.

7. Requirements for delivery vehicle needs and access for others.

8. Conclusions taking account of the above and recommendations that address these issues.

9. Detail hours and seasonal manner of operation.

Transport & Traffic Solutions Pty Ltd (T&TS) was then engaged by Vanderlei Nominees on instruction from Iredell Consultancy Group to prepare a Traffic Impact Assessment Report (TIAR) to address Council’s RFI and determine what impact the proposal will have on the existing road network whilst considering the following:




1. Access to the site will be provided via an upgrade of the existing driveway access point on

Maude-She Oaks Road as recommended in the TMP prepared by Civil and Traffic Consulting.

2. The site will be accessed by heavy vehicles that are no greater than 20 metres in length and

consist of a truck and dog trailer combination (three or four axle rigid truck towing a three or

four axle dog trailer) with a General Mass Limit of 42.5 tonnes.

3. There will be five heavy vehicle movements into and out of the site each weekday to export sand material away from the site.

4. The principal origin/ destination of the heavy vehicles accessing the site will be Geelong and/

or Melbourne via Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), Midland Highway

(A300), and Princes Freeway (M1).

5. Three staff will be present on site at any one time to excavate and load the sand material into

arriving trucks and to process sales of the sand material.

6. Staff will arrive on site via their private passenger vehicle.

7. Sales of sand material will not be made to the general public.

8. The site operating hours will be 7am to 6pm, Monday to Friday. Works will not be undertaken

on the weekend.

9. The quarry will be delivered in two stages with an expected extraction life of 22 years (Stage 1) and 2 Years (Stage 2).

10. Sand will be sold unwashed to another Quarry for processing and on selling as construction material.

1.2 Aim of this Report

The main aim of this TIAR is to address Council’s request for further information by determining what impact the proposal will have on the existing road network adjacent to the site and along the routes proposed to be used by heavy vehicles accessing site.

Where impacts are identified, recommendations will be made to mitigate these impacts with the view of improving safety for all existing and future road users.

1.3 References

The following references were used to assist in the preparation of this report:

• Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure 2017, Planning Maps Online; and Planning Schemes Online;

• Austroads Guide to Traffic Management, Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis (2013); Part 5: Road Management (2017); Part 6: Intersections, Interchanges and Crossings (2017); and Part 12: Traffic Impacts of Development (2016);

• Austroads Guide to Road Design, Part 3: Geometric Design, Part 4: Intersections and Crossings – General (2017), and Part 4a: Unsignalised and Signalised Intersections (2017) and the VicRoads Supplement to these guides;

• Australian Standard, AS1742.2-2009, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 2: Traffic control devices for general use and the VicRoads Supplement to these standards;

• VicRoads Heavy Vehicle Maps, https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/business-and-industry/heavy-vehicle-industry/heavy-vehicle-map-networks-in-victoria;

• National Heavy Vehicle Regulator, National PBS Truck and dog trailer notice Information sheet, May 2016; and

• Brian Consulting, Sand Quarry Work Plan, 15272 WP1, Rev C, Nov 2016.

https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/business-and-industry/heavy-vehicle-industry/heavy-vehicle-map-networks-in-victoria

https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/business-and-industry/heavy-vehicle-industry/heavy-vehicle-map-networks-in-victoria




2 EXISTING CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT

2.1 Site Location & Land Use

The subject site is located at 223 Maude-She Oaks Road, She Oaks, Victoria, approximately 9.1 km south-east of Meredith and 32.5 km north-west of Geelong. Refer Figure 1 below for the site location.

The site has good access to:

• Geelong via Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), and the Midland Highway (A300),

• Melbourne via Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), Midland Highway (A300) and the Geelong Ring Road/ Princes Freeway (M1), and

• Ballarat via Sharp Road and the Midland Highway (A300) or Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), and the Midland Highway (A300).

Figure 1: Locality Plan1

The site is irregular in shape and has a total lot area of approximately 39 hectares. It is located within a Farming Zone (FZ) and is bounded by Maude-She Oaks Road to the west, Rural Conservation Zone (RCZ3) to the south, and Farming Zone (FZ) to the north, east, and the west side of Maude She Oaks Road. Refer Figure 2 below. An Environmental Significance Overlay (ESO3) applies to this site where-as a Bushfire Management Overlay (BMO) applies to the southern end of the site only. A Vegetation Protection Overlay (VPO2) applies to Maude-She Oakes Road from the south-east corner of the site to approximately 250m east of the sites south-west corner.

1 NHVR Journey Planner, www.gis.nhvr.gov.au/journeyplanner/, January 2018

To Melbourne

To Ballarat

Subject Site

http://www.gis.nhvr.gov.au/journeyplanner/




Figure 2: Land Use Plan2

2.2 Existing Road Network Characteristics

An inspection of Maude-She Oaks Road and its intersections with Steiglitz Road and Sharp Road was undertaken on Thursday 28 September 2017, between the hours of 1:30pm and 4:30pm. Conditions were sunny and dry. Details of the site inspection are as follows.

2.2.1 Maude-She Oaks Road

Maude-She Oaks Road is a sealed two lane two-way rural local access road, managed by Council. It runs in a mainly north-west to south-east direction between Steiglitz-She Oaks Road & Sharp Road at its northern end and Steiglitz Road at its southern end. Steiglitz-She Oaks Road which is the continuation of Maude-She Oaks Road runs in a north-east to south-west direction between Meredith-Steiglitz Road at its northern end and Maude-She Oaks Road & Sharp Road at its southern end.

The existing horizontal alignment of Maude-She Oaks Road between the subject site and Steiglitz Road has a series of curves with varying radius of between 200 metres and 480 metres. The sealed carriageway width varies between 5.8 metres and 6.3 metres wide. A grass verge is provided on the both sides of the sealed carriageway. There is no shoulder provided along Maude-She Oaks Road.

At the proposed site access point, the carriageway is 6.0 metres wide with a 10.2 metre wide verge located on the north side of the carriageway and a 6.4 metre wide verge located on the south side of the carriageway.

The existing horizontal alignment of Maude-She Oaks Road on the east approach to the proposed site access point consists of a horizontal curve with an approximate 240 metre radius. There is also a gentle downgrade from the west to the east of the site access point of approximately 3.6% on the western approach and 5.2% on the eastern approach3.

The default rural speed limit of 100km/h applies to Maude-She Oaks Road.

Referring to the VicRoads Heavy Vehicle Network Map (Appendix B), Maude-She Oakes Road is not an approved Performance Based Standard (PBS) Level 1 or PBS Level 2A route. However, Golden Plains Shire Council has confirmed that PBS Level 1 and 2A approved vehicles are permitted to use Maude-She Oaks Road.

Referring to the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator’s National PBS Truck and dog trailer notice Information sheet, May 2016, an authorised PBS Level 1 and 2A vehicle is a “truck and dog trailer combination comprising 3- or 4-axle truck towing a 3-, 4- or 5--axle dog trailer. Eligible vehicles must also pass the PBS Bridge Loading standard as Tier 1 and meet the following requirements:

2 http://services.land.vic.gov.au/maps/pmo.jsp, January 2018 3 Contour 1:25,000 – Vicmap Elevation, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria State Government, Accessed on 12 February 2018.

Subject Site

http://services.land.vic.gov.au/maps/pmo.jsp




1. PBS Level 1

• maximum overall length up to 20.0m;

• maximum height up to 4.3m;

• maximum Gross Combination Mass (GCM) up to 50.5t.

2. PBS Level 2

• maximum overall length up to 26.0m”.

It is a requirement of the Heavy Vehicle National Law (s153) for drivers to keep a copy of the PBS Vehicle Approval in their possession when operating under the notice.

During the site inspection, truck and dog trailer combination vehicles similar to a PBS Level 2A compliant vehicle (three axle rigid truck towing a five axle dog trailer) were observed using Maude She-Oakes Road to access the existing “Mountain View Quarry”. Similar types of vehicles headed north along Maude-She Oakes Road were also observed crossing the road centreline at the horizontal bend adjacent to the site.

Maude-She Oaks Road does not form part of a local or principal bicycle network. However, it is noted that Maude She-Oakes Road is advertised by various Cycling Clubs as part of a recreational bicycle route and at times used by these clubs for cycling events which are mainly held on weekends.

Figure 3: Maude-She Oaks Road, looking south-east along the frontage of the site

Figure 4: Maude-She Oaks Road, looking east towards the subject site

2.2.2 Steiglitz Road

Steiglitz Road (C142) is a sealed two lane two-way rural arterial road, managed by VicRoads. It runs in a mainly north-west to south-east direction between Meredith-Steiglitz Road at its northern end and Geelong Ballan Road (C141) at its southern end.

Steiglitz Road provides direct access to Geelong via Geelong Ballan Road (C141) and the Midland Highway (A300), a key arterial highway link connecting Geelong to Ballarat.

Referring to the VicRoads Heavy Vehicle Network Map (Appendix B), Steiglitz Road is an approved PBS Level 1 and 2A route.

The default rural speed limit of 100km/h applies to Steiglitz Road.




Figure 5: Steiglitz Road, looking north towards Maude-She Oaks Road

Figure 6: Steiglitz Road, looking south towards Maude-She Oaks Road

2.2.3 Sharp Road

Sharp Road is a sealed two lane two-way rural local access road which narrows to a single traffic lane at the bridge crossing of the Moorabool River with eastbound traffic required to give-way to westbound traffic. There is a steep downgrade on both approaches to the bridge. It is estimated that on the eastern approach the downgrade varies from 7% up to 135 metres east of the bridge, to 13% between Maude-She Oakes Road and 135 metres east of the bridge. Whereas on the western approach to the bridge the downgrade is approximately 7%4. The Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 3: Geometric Design, Table 8.2: Effect of grade on vehicle type, recommends a vertical grade of between 12% to 15% on low volume roads with very few or no commercial vehicles. Where-as grades steeper than 15% are only to be used in extreme cases and be of short lengths with no commercial vehicle access.

Sharp Road provides an east-west connection between Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz-She Oaks Road and the Midland Highway (A300).

Referring to the VicRoads Heavy Vehicle Network Map (Appendix B), Sharp Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route. Therefore, it is expected that the responsible authority’s road manager or their delegate may have confirmed with the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator that the existing 13% grade on Sharp Road is acceptable for heavy vehicle use.

There are no available records to confirm if a Tier 1 Bridge Assessment has been completed on the Sharp Road bridge. However, as Sharp Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route, it is expected that an assessment would have been completed by the responsible authority’s road manager or their delegate, prior to the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator granting approval.

Note, a structural assessment of Sharp Road Bridge is beyond the scope of this traffic impact assessment report and if required should be completed by a qualified structural engineer whom specialises in bridge’s.

Safety barriers are provided on the approach to the Sharp Road bridge to prevent errant vehicles from running down the steep embankment into the Moorabool River. The safety barriers are connected to holding rails located on the bridge. These holding rails are considered to be inadequate in protecting an errant vehicle from running off the bridge if hit at a high speed.

The default rural speed limit of 100km/h applies to Sharp Road.

4 Contour 1:25,000 – Vicmap Elevation, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria State Government, Accessed on 12 February 2018.




Figure 7: Sharp Road, looking west from Maude-She Oaks Road intersection

Figure 8: Sharp Road, looking west towards the one-way bridge over Moorabool River

2.2.4 Steiglitz-She Oakes Road

Steiglitz-She Oaks Road is a sealed two lane two-way rural local access road. It forms the continuation of Maude-She Oaks Road from its intersection with Sharp Road and provides access to Meredith and Ballarat located to the north of the site via Meredith-Steiglitz Road.

Referring to the VicRoads Heavy Vehicle Network Map (Appendix B), Steiglitz-She Oaks Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route, where-as Meredith-Steiglitz Road is a restricted PBS Level 1 route with a 20 tonne mass limit. Therefore, heavy vehicles that have a GCM greater than 20 tonnes cannot use Meredith-Steiglitz Road.

The default rural speed limit of 100km/h applies to Steiglitz-She Oakes Road.

Figure 9: Steiglitz-She Oakes Road, looking north from Maude-She Oaks Road/ Sharp Road

2.3 Existing Intersection Layouts

2.3.1 Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz Road Intersection

The Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz Road intersection forms an unsignalised T-intersection. The T-intersection is located on a horizontal curve (310 metre radius approx.) on Steiglitz Road (major road leg), with Maude-She Oaks Road (minor road leg controlled by a Give Way sign) located on the outer side of the bend.




Due to the intersection being located on a tight horizontal curve, warning signs have been provided on both approaches to the intersection to advise approaching drivers of the intersection ahead. It is noted that the existing warning signs are of an old standard and both signs on the northern approach are incorrectly used. Therefore, it is advisable that all warning signs be upgraded by the responsible authority to the current Australian Standard, AS1742.2-2009, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 2: Traffic control devices for general use.

Figure 10: Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz Road intersection looking north from Steiglitz Road

2.3.2 Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz-She Oakes Road/ Sharp Road Intersection

The Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz-She Oakes Road/ Sharp Road intersection forms an unsignalised T-intersection. The T-intersection is located on a horizontal bend (440 metre radius approx.) on Maude-She Oakes Road/ Steiglitz She Oakes Road (major road leg), with Sharp Road (minor road leg controlled by a Give Way sign) located on the outer side of the bend.

Figure 11: Looking south towards the Maude-She Oaks Road/ Steiglitz-She Oakes Road/ Sharp Road intersection




2.4 Existing Road Network Traffic Volumes

2.4.1 Maude-She Oaks Road

An automatic traffic volume survey was conducted on Maude-She Oaks Road to the east of the proposed site access point by Nationwide Traffic Surveys Pty Ltd between Wednesday 13th September and Tuesday 19th September 2017. A summary of the traffic volumes for all vehicles is provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Traffic Volume Survey Results – Maude-She Oaks Road

Direction Combined Average Speed (km/h)

85th Percentile

Speed (km/h)

East West All

Vehicles

Heavy Vehicles

Maude-She Oaks Road

Weekday Average (Monday-Friday)

87 vpd 98 vpd 185 vpd 44 80.9 96.1

MDWK Average AM Peak (7:00 to 8:00)

15 vph 6 vph 21 vph 4 85.7 100.1

MDWK Average PM Peak (17:00 to 18:00)

2 vph 12 vph 14 vph 1 82.3 94.5

As shown in Table 1 above, the daily traffic volume recorded on Maude-She Oakes Road directly adjacent to the site is 185 vehicles per day with 87 (47%) vehicles recorded travelling eastbound and 98 (53%) vehicles recorded travelling westbound. The recorded traffic volume on Maude She-Oakes Road is typical for a rural access road which is expected to carry less than 1,000 vehicles per day.

The AM and PM peak hour traffic volume recorded on Maude-She Oakes Road is as follows:

➢ AM Peak (7am to 8am) – 21 vehicles per hour with 15 (71%) vehicles travelling eastbound and

6 (29%) vehicles travelling westbound.

➢ PM Peak (5pm to 6pm) – 14 vehicles per hour with 2 (14%) vehicles travelling eastbound and

12 (86%) vehicles travelling westbound.

Approximately 44 (23.8%) of the vehicles recorded were heavy vehicles with 4 (19%) heavy vehicles recorded during the AM peak hour and 1 (7.1%) heavy vehicle recorded during the PM peak hour.

The recorded two-way daily average speed and 85th percentile speed adjacent to the site is 80.9 km/h and 96.1 km/h respectively.

2.4.2 Adjacent Road Network

Golden Plains Shire Council completed a traffic volume and speed survey of the local main road network within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area in June and July 2017 and provided the survey data to T&TS for use in this TIAR. A summary of the daily, AM and PM peak hour traffic volumes, the number of heavy vehicles, and the 85th Percentile Speed in each direction at the surveyed locations are presented in Figure 12 below.

As illustrated on Figure 12, the local main road network within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area carry less than 700 vehicles per day two-way. Further, the AM and PM weekday peak period varies with the morning peak period occurring anywhere between 7am and 9am (maximum 53 vehicles per hour two-way) and the afternoon peak period occurring anywhere between 3pm and 6pm (maximum 63 vehicles per hour two-way). The number of heavy vehicles recorded on the road network ranges from 19 vehicles per day two-way on Sharp Road to 98 vehicles per day two-way on Steiglitz Road. It is noted that up to 41 heavy vehicles per day two-way are using Perdrisat Road. The two-way 85th percentile speed varies from 69km/h on Sharp Road to 105km/h on Perdrisat Road (west of Robertson Road).



12 April 2018 Page | 10

Figure 12: Existing road network traffic volumes (Directional)

2.5 Casualty Crash Statistics

The casualty crash history of Maude-She Oakes Road between Steiglitz-She Oaks Road/ Sharp Road and Steiglitz Road was sourced from the VicRoads’ Crashstats database. The database indicates that over a 5 Year period between 1 May 2012 and 30 April 20175, there were no casualty crashes recorded along the length of Maude-She Oaks Road. Therefore, there are no serious safety concerns with Maude-She Oakes Road.

A review of the casualty crash history along Steiglitz Road (south of Maude-She Oaks Road to Midland Highway), Sharp Road and Perdrisat Road over the same time period indicated that 7 casualty crashes occurred on these roads comprising five crashes on Steiglitz Road and two crashes on Perdrisat Road. Details of the crashes are provided in Table 2 below.

5 The causality crash statistics data available on the VicRoads website is incomplete for the 6 month period prior to 16 October 2017.

To Meredith

Daily 30 vpd Daily 24 vpd

AM (8am) 0 vph AM (9am) 2 vph

PM (4pm) 2 vph Daily 78 vpd PM (4pm) 4 vph

HV 10 vpd AM (7am) 14 vph HV 3 vpd

85% speed 70km/h PM (4pm) 5 vph 85% speed 68km/h

HV 13 vpd Daily 22 vpd

Daily 36 vpd D 85% speed 95km/h AM (9am) 3 vph

AM (8am) 5 vph C I P PM (4pm) 1 vph

PM (4pm) 5 vph Daily 87 vpd HV 18 vpd

HV 9 vpd Daily 88 vpd AM (7am) 15 vph 85% speed 91km/h

85% speed 69km/h AM (7am) 3 vph PM (4pm) 2 vph

PM (4pm) 12 vph HV 20 vpd

HV 21 vpd 85% speed 100km/h

85% speed 94km/h A Daily 118 vpd

AM (7am) 19 vph

Daily 98 vpd PM (3pm) 11 vph

To Meredith AM (10am) 5 vph HV 33 vpd

PM (5pm) 12 vph 85% speed 93km/h

HV 28 vpd

85% speed 92km/h

Daily 127 vpd B

AM (7am) 6 vph

PM (3pm) 13 vph

HV 39 vpd

85% speed 88km/h

Daily 105 vpd

Daily 343 vpd AM (7am) 9 vph

AM (7am) 9 vph PM (5pm) 11 vph


HV 49 vpd 85% speed 74km/h

85% speed 77km/h

F

Daily 165 vpd Daily 215 vpd Daily 104 vpd

AM (7am) 16 vph AM (7am) 23 vph E AM (7am) 13 vph

PM (4pm) 16 vph PM (5pm) 19 vph PM (5pm) 14 vph

HV 24 vpd HV 12 vpd HV 21 vpd

85% speed 105km/h 85% speed 72km/h 85% speed 82km/h

H G

Daily 347 vpd

Daily 189 vpd Daily 245 vpd AM (7am) 44 vph

AM (7am) 18 vph AM (7am) 16 vph PM (5pm) 22 vph

PM (4pm) 25 vph PM (5pm) 32 vph HV 49 vpd

HV 15 vpd HV 29 vpd 85% speed 83km/h

To Geelong 85% speed 104km/h 85% speed 66km/h To Geelong

Thompsons Road

Perdrisat Road

Ste

igli

tz R

oad

(C

142)

Ro

be

rtso

n R

oad

Subject Site



12 April 2018 Page | 11

Table 2: Casualty Crash Details, 1 May 2012 – 30 April 2017

No. Date Location Severity DCA Description

1 Sun 27 May 2012, 4:00pm

Sharp Road, 716m west of Maude-She Oaks Rd

Other 167 Motorcycle has hit a kangaroo/ wallaby on the road

2 Mon 5 Nov 2012, 1:50pm

Steiglitz Road, 197m west of Bakers Bridge Rd

Serious 183 Car has run-off the road and a hit fence/wall

3 Sun 3 Feb 2013, 1:00am

Steiglitz Road, at Russells Bridge Rd

Serious/

No Injury 175

Car has run-off the road and hit a fence/wall and pole in dark conditions (no streetlights)

4 Mon 29 April 2013, 8:45am

Steiglitz Road, 446m south of Muhlebach Rd

Other/

No Injury 120

Head-on collision between a B-double vehicle and a heavy rigid vehicle

5 Wed 29 May 2013, 6:40am

Perdrisat Road, 494m north of Spiller Rd

Other 182 Car has run-off the road in dark conditions (no streetlights)

6 Sun 26 April 2015, 7:00am

Steiglitz Road, 290m north-west of Russells Bridge Rd

Fatal/

Fatal 171

Car has run-off the road and hit a tree at dawn

7 Mon 25 May 2015, 1:00am

Steiglitz Road, 601m south of Maude-She Oaks Rd

Serious 171 Car has run-off the road and hit a tree in dark conditions (no streetlights)

8 Thu 6 April 2017, 2:20am

Perdrisat Road, 643m south-east of Spiller Rd

Fatal/

Serious 183

B-double vehicle has run-off the road and a hit fence/wall in dark conditions (no streetlights)

9 Fri 7 April 2017, 4:20pm

Steiglitz Road, 111m south of Muhlebach Rd

Other 181 Utility vehicle has run-off the road and hit a fence/wall and tree

As detailed in Table 2 above, approximately eight (89%) of the nine recorded crashes are single vehicle crashes. Of these eight crashes, seven crashes involve a driver losing control of their vehicle, and one crash involves a motorcyclist hitting wildlife.

Of the eight crashes two were recorded to have a fatal injury (one a double fatality), four a serious injury and three other injury. One of the fatal injuries involved a B-Double vehicle driving down Perdrisat Road which has restricted access to all heavy vehicles due to its tight horizontal geometry and presence of steep road grades. The passenger in the B-Double vehicle sustained serious injuries.

The other recorded accident involved a head-on collision between a B-double vehicle and a heavy rigid vehicle on Steiglitz Road (C142), 446m south of Muhlebach Road which resulted in other injury to one of the drivers and no injury to the other driver.

Figure 13 below shows the locations of the crashes listed in Table 2 above.

In summary, the casualty crash statistics data confirms that there are no serious safety concerns with the existing road network within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area due to there being:

1. No evidence of the recorded accidents occurring in the same location or in very close proximity to each other,

2. No evidence of a regular occurrence in multiple vehicle crashes, and

3. On average approximately 1.4 accidents occurred per annum over the area analysed (33 kilometres of road network) or in the case of Steiglitz Road one accident occurred every 10km of road length in the calendar year 2013 and 2015.

It is noted that the accidents resulting in serious and fatal injuries are a result of the 100km/h speed limit combined with the rural environment of the roadway. Unfortunately, this is quite a common



12 April 2018 Page | 12

occurrence on rural roads as “The vast majority (77%) of deaths on rural roads occur on roads with 100km/h+ speed limits”6.

Further, to avoid any future heavy vehicles accidents occurring on Perdrisat Road it is recommended that more conspicuous signage be provided on both Steiglitz Road approaches by the responsible road authority, warning drivers of long vehicles that they are not to enter Perdrisat Road. Repeater warning signs should also be provided on Perdrisat Road adjacent to the intersection.

Figure 13: Casualty Crash History, January 2013 – December 20177

Table 3: DCA Code Legend8

6 Crash Location Data, Transport Accident Commission, Accessed 13 February 2018, http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/road-safety/statistics/summaries/crash-location-data 7 https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-37.9724448,144.1845595,12.56z, January 2018 8 Definitions for Classifying Accidents, VicRoads

Subject Site

Legend

Other Injury

Serious Injury

Fatal Injury

3. DCA 175

4. DCA 120

5. DCA 182

6. DCA 171

7. DCA 171

8. DCA 183

9. DCA 181

1. DCA 167

2. DCA 183

http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/road-safety/statistics/summaries/crash-location-data

http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/road-safety/statistics/summaries/crash-location-data



12 April 2018 Page | 13

3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Proposed Site Plan

The proposal consists of establishing a sand quarry at 223 Maude-She Oaks Road with access to the site provided via an upgrade of the existing driveway access point located at the western site boundary. Refer Figure 14 below and Appendix C for the “Proposed Site Plan”.

It is noted that the proposed site access point is clear of the existing Vegetation Protection Overlay (VPO2) which applies to Maude-She Oakes Road from the south-east corner of the site to approximately 250m east of the sites south-west corner.

Figure 14: Proposed Site Plan

Details of the internal road and car parking layout, dimensions and parking arrangements for staff and heavy vehicles have not been provided at this preliminary stage of development. Recommendations will be made for the internal site layout later in this report, refer Section 4.5 below.

3.2 Site Operations

It is proposed that five heavy vehicle movements will occur into and out of the site each weekday to export sand material away from the site. It is understood that the largest heavy vehicle to access the site will be a PBS Level 1 vehicle that is no greater than 20 metres in length and consist of a truck and dog trailer combination (3- or 4-axle rigid truck towing a 3- or 4-axle dog trailer) with a General Mass Limit of 42.5 tonnes.

Based on the volume of extraction for Stage 1 equivalent to 625,000 cubic metres and Stage 2 equivalent to 51,000 cubic metres, it is estimated that the proposed Quarry will have an extraction life equivalent to 23 years for Stage 1 and 2 Years for Stage 2. It is understood that due to there being no water available on site, sand will be sold unwashed to another Quarry for processing and on selling as construction material. Sales of materials will not be made to the general public.

Site Access Point

Subject Site

Maude-She Oakes Road



12 April 2018 Page | 14

Up to three staff will be present on site at any one time to excavate and load the sand material into arriving trucks and to process sales of the sand material. It is expected that staff will arrive on site via their private passenger vehicle.

The principal origin/ destination of all heavy vehicles accessing the site will be Geelong and/ or Melbourne via Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), Midland Highway (A300), and Princes Freeway (M1). Heavy vehicles that have an origin/ destination towards Ballarat are also to use Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), Midland Highway (A300), and should not use Sharp Road unless a structural assessment confirms that the existing holding rails on the bridge deck are adequate in protecting an errant vehicle from running off the bridge if hit at a high speed. This requirement should also apply to all existing heavy vehicles using Sharp Road that have an origin/ destination towards Ballarat. Refer Figure 15 below for the proposed heavy vehicle routes.

The site operating hours will be 7am to 6pm, Monday to Friday. Works will not be undertaken on the weekend.

Figure 15: Locality Plan9

9 NHVR Journey Planner, www.gis.nhvr.gov.au/journeyplanner/, January 2018

To Melbourne

To Ballarat

Subject Site

To Geelong

Legend

Proposed Truck route to/ from the site

http://www.gis.nhvr.gov.au/journeyplanner/



12 April 2018 Page | 15

4 TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.1 Traffic Generation

As detailed above, the sand quarry will generate up to five heavy vehicle movements and a maximum of three private passenger vehicle movements (staff members) to and from the site each weekday.

Assuming an extra two trips are generated by the site each day by vehicles attending the site to carry out maintenance work, undertake deliveries, or remove waste material, it is expected the subject site will generate approximately 20 two-way vehicle trips per weekday, i.e. 4 vehicle trips into and out of the site and 6 heavy vehicle trips into and out of the site each weekday10.

Based on the site operating times, it is expected that three cars will enter the site before 7am and three cars will exit the site after 6pm (staff members), where-as between 7am and 6pm five unloaded heavy vehicles will enter the site and five loaded heavy vehicles will exit the site (to cart away sand material), and one passenger vehicle and one heavy vehicle will enter and exit the site (to carry out maintenance work, undertake deliveries, or remove waste material).

As the six staff vehicle trips occur outside of the recorded AM and PM peak periods on the existing road network (i.e. before 7am and after 6pm), and all other vehicle trips occur anytime between 7am to 6pm, a worst-case scenario peak hour traffic generation rate equivalent to two unloaded trucks entering the site and two loaded trucks exiting the site (to cart away sand material) and one passenger vehicle and one heavy vehicle entering and exiting the site (to carry out maintenance work, undertake deliveries, or remove waste material) has been assumed to determine what impact the subject site will have on the existing road network during the recorded AM and PM peak periods.

Therefore, as a worst-case scenario it is expected that the subject site will generate 8 vehicle trips which consist of three heavy vehicles entering and exiting the site and one passenger vehicle entering and exiting the site during the AM and PM peak hour.

The resulting peak hour and daily traffic volumes on the road network post development of the sand quarry is presented in Figure 16 below. This assumes all heavy vehicles will access the site to/from the east and then travel south towards Geelong as it is recommended that no heavy vehicles are to use Sharp Road (refer Section 3.2 above).

It is noted that the existing traffic volumes presented in Figure 12 have been increased by 1.8%11 per annum over a 10 year forecast period in line with the annual population growth rate for the Golden Plains Shire – Central East area.

10 Assumes that of the extra two vehicle trips generated by the site, one of the trips generated is undertaken by a passenger vehicle (Car/ 4WD/ Van) whilst the other trip generated is undertaken by a Medium (8.8m long) or Heavy (12.5m long) Rigid Vehicle. 11 https://forecast.id.com.au/golden-plains/population-summary, February 2018.

https://forecast.id.com.au/golden-plains/population-summary



12 April 2018 Page | 16

Figure 16: Expected road network traffic volumes 10 years post development

The 10 year post development daily, peak hour, and heavy vehicle traffic volumes on Maude-She Oakes Road and Steiglitz Road as illustrated in Figure 16 are detailed below:

• Maude She-Oakes (west of Steiglitz Road)

o Daily – 312 vehicles per day two way with 151 vehicles per day travelling eastbound and 162 vehicles per day travelling westbound. This equates to an increase of 67 vehicles per day of which 20 vehicles per day is attributed to the development traffic.

o AM Peak – 38 vehicles per hour two way with 27 vehicles per hour travelling eastbound and 11 vehicles per hour travelling westbound. This equates to an increase of 13 vehicles per hour of which 8 vehicles per hour is attributed to the development traffic.

o PM Peak – 37 vehicles per hour two way with 17 vehicles per hour travelling eastbound and 20 vehicles per hour travelling westbound. This equates to an increase of 13 vehicles per hour of which 8 vehicles per hour is attributed to the development traffic.

o Heavy Vehicles - 92 (29.5%) heavy vehicles per day two way with 42 heavy vehicles per day travelling eastbound and 50 heavy vehicles per day travelling westbound. This equates to an increase of 20 heavy vehicles of which 6 heavy vehicles are attributed to the development traffic.

To Meredith

Daily 36 vpd Daily 29 vpd


PM (3pm) 2 vph Daily 93 vpd PM (4pm) 5 vph

HV 12 vpd AM (7am) 17 vph HV 4 vpd

PM (4pm) 6 vph Daily 26 vpd

Daily 43 vpd D HV 16 vpd AM (9am) 4 vph

AM (7am) 6 vph C I P PM (4pm) 1 vph


HV 11 vpd Daily 105 vpd Daily 114 vpd


PM (4pm) 14 vph PM (4pm) 6 vph

HV 25 vpd HV 27 vpd

A

Daily 151 vpd


To Meredith AM (7am) 10 vph PM (3pm) 17 vph


HV 36 vpd

Daily 162 vpd B

AM (7am) 11 vph Incorporates development traffic

PM (3pm) 20 vph

HV 50 vpd

Daily 125 vpd


AM (7am) 15 vph PM (5pm) 13 vph


HV 61 vpd

F

Daily 124 vpd

Daily 197 vpd Daily 256 vpd E AM (7am) 16 vph



HV 29 vpd HV 14 vpd

H G

Daily 424 vpd

Daily 225 vpd Daily 292 vpd AM (7am) 56 vph



HV 18 vpd HV 35 vpd

To Geelong To Geelong

Thompsons Road

Perdrisat Road

Ste

igli

tz R

oad

(C

142)

Ro

be

rtso

n R

oad

Subject Site



12 April 2018 Page | 17

• Steiglitz Road (south of Thompsons Road)

o Daily – 843 vehicles per day two way with 419 vehicles per day travelling northbound and 424 vehicles per day travelling southbound. This equates to an increase of 153 vehicles per day of which 20 vehicles per day is attributed to the development traffic.

o AM Peak – 71 vehicles per hour two way with 15 vehicles per hour travelling northbound and 56 vehicles per hour travelling southbound. This equates to an increase of 18 vehicles per hour of which 8 vehicles per hour is attributed to the development traffic.

o PM Peak – 83 vehicles per hour two way with 53 vehicles per hour travelling northbound and 30 vehicles per hour travelling southbound. This equates to an increase of 20 vehicles per hour of which 8 vehicles per hour is attributed to the development traffic.

o Heavy Vehicles - 122 (14.5%) heavy vehicles per day two way with 61 heavy vehicles per day travelling northbound and 61 heavy vehicles per day travelling southbound. This equates to an increase of 24 heavy vehicles of which 6 heavy vehicles are attributed to the development traffic.

The expected increase in the daily, peak hour, and heavy vehicle traffic volumes 10 years post development as detailed above, will not have a detrimental impact on the current operation of Maude-She Oaks Road, Steiglitz Road, Geelong-Ballan Road, the Midland Highway and the intersections of these roads.

Further the daily traffic volume of 312 vehicles per day on Maude She-Oakes Road is well below the expected 1,000 vehicles per day capacity for a rural access road.

4.2 Existing Horizontal Road Alignment Review

The existing horizontal alignment of Maude-She Oaks Road between the subject site and Steiglitz Road has a series of curves with a varying radius of between 200 metres and 480 metres.

Considering that an outer lane on a horizontal curve may have adverse crossfall12, and that the horizontal curve has a radius ranging from 200 metres to 480 meters, the maximum safe operating speed that a vehicle can travel on the horizontal curve will range from 60km/h to 80km/h respectively13.

For the inner lane on a horizontal curve that has a radius ranging from 200 metres to 480 meters, the maximum safe operating speed that a vehicle can travel on the horizontal curve will also range from 60km/h to 80km/h respectively

As Maude-She Oakes Road has a rural default speed limit of 100km/h, it can be concluded that all horizontal curves that have a radius less than 480 metres, are sub-standard. Therefore, it is recommended that warning signs, advisory speed signs, and chevron alignment markers be provided on both approaches to all substandard horizontal curves on Maude-She Oakes Road, between Steiglitz Road and Sharp Road in accordance with Section 4.4 and Figure 4.8 of the Australian Standard, AS1742.2-2009.

4.3 Existing Carriageway Width Review

In accordance with Table V4.2 of the VicRoads supplement to the Austroads Guide to Road Design: Part 3, a rural road that carries anywhere between 150 - 1,500 vehicles per day should have a minimum sealed traffic lane width equivalent to 3.1 metres and an unsealed shoulder width equivalent to 2.0 metres. Based on VicRoads requirements, Maude-She Oaks Road should have a total carriageway width equivalent to 10.2 metres which is made up of a 6.2 metre wide sealed carriageway, and two 2.0 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

Further the Austroads Guide to Road Design: Part 3, recommends pavement widening on horizontal curves so as “to maintain the lateral clearance between vehicles equal to the clearance available on

12 Crossfall assumed to be 3% 13 Desirable maximum side friction factor for Trucks was used to calculate the required minimum radius at the vehicle speed. Austroads Guide to Road Design, Part 3: Geometric Design.



12 April 2018 Page | 18

straight sections of road”. Table 7.13 of the Austroads Guide recommends pavement widening based on the radius of the horizontal curve and the type of vehicle expected to use the road network.

Taking into account that the heavy vehicles accessing the proposed quarry site will be limited to 20 metre long truck and dog trailer combination vehicles (which has the same turning radius as a 19.0 metre long prime mover and semi-trailer), it is recommended that each sealed traffic lane on a 200 - 250 metre radius curve be a minimum 3.4 metres wide (6.8 metre wide sealed carriageway), and each traffic lane on a 250 - 500 metre radius curve be a minimum 3.3 metres wide (6.6 metre wide sealed carriageway). Due to the proposed widening of the sealed carriageway on all horizontal curves, the width of the unsealed shoulder can be reduced from 2.0 metres to 1.7 metres and 1.8 metres respectively to maintain the required 10.2 metre wide carriageway as per the VicRoads supplement.

As detailed in Section 2.2.1 the existing sealed carriageway along Maude-She Oakes Road varies from 5.8 metres to 6.3 metres wide. Therefore, it is recommended that the carriageway along Maude-She Oakes Road between the subject site and Steiglitz Road be widened to meet the minimum requirement as detailed above.

The proposed carriageway widening will improve safety for all vehicles travelling along Maude-She Oakes Road and ensure that adequate lateral clearance is provided between vehicles travelling in opposite directions on all horizontal curves, which is equal to the clearance that is available on a straight section of road. It will also ensure that all heavy vehicles travelling along Maude She-Oakes Road do not cross the road centreline as witnessed during the site visit.

The above existing horizontal alignment and carriageway width review does not include a review of the existing roads that are approved for use by PBS Level 1 and 2a vehicles. This includes Steiglitz Road, Sharp Road, Geelong-Ballan Road, and the Midland Highway.

4.4 Sight Distance Checks

4.4.1 Site Distance Requirements

The Austroads Guide to Road Design has been used to assess the sight distance requirements at the proposed site access point. It is noted that the Australian Standards, AS2890 Parking facilities – Part 2: “Off street commercial vehicle facilities”, applies to commercial vehicle docking facilities and therefore does not apply to the proposed development site.

The Austroads Guide to Road Design: Part 4A, Section 3.4 - Sight Distances at Property Entrances, states that “desirably sight distances at accesses should comply with the sight distance requirements for intersections, i.e. that approach sight distance (ASD), safe intersection sight distance (SISD), and minimum gap sight distance (MGSD) are achieved”. This section of the guide also states that for roads comprising tighter horizontal and vertical alignments, or vegetation, the minimum sight distance required at the access point should comply with minimum gap sight distance (MGSD), and safe intersection sight distance (SISD) using values given under the extended design domain (EDD) criteria for sight distance at intersections.

4.4.2 Available Site Distance

Minimum Gap Sight Distance

Based on the recorded 85th percentile speed of 100km/h on Maude-She Oaks Road adjacent to the site, the required MGSD to the east and west of the site access point is 139 metres for both cars and heavy vehicles (trucks).

Sight distance measurements undertaken during the site inspection indicate that at a distance of 3.0 metres set back from the edge of the through lane, the proposed site access point has an available sight distance of 146 metres to the east and 240 metres to the west of the site access point for both cars and trucks.

Therefore, the MGSD requirement of 139 metres is met at the intersection of the site access point and Maude-She Oaks Road in both directions for both cars and trucks.

EDD Safe Intersection Sight Distance

West approach



12 April 2018 Page | 19

Based on a 3.6% downgrade on the western approach to the site access point and an 85th percentile speed equivalent to 100km/h (eastbound), the required EDD SISD is 175 metres for a car and 240 metres for a truck.

A sight distance measurement undertaken during the site inspection indicates that at a distance of 5.0 metres set back from the centre of the eastbound traffic lane, the proposed site access point has an available sight distance to the west equivalent to 230 metres for a car and just over 240 metres for a truck. This available sight distance exceeds the requirement of 175 metres for a car and meets the requirement of 240 metres for a truck.

East approach

Based on a 5.2% upgrade on the eastern approach to the site access point and an 85th percentile speed equivalent to 92km/h (westbound), the required EDD SISD is 145 metres for a car and 175 metres for a truck.

A sight distance measurement undertaken during the site inspection indicates that at a distance of 7.0 metres set back from the centre of the westbound traffic lane, the proposed site access point has an available sight distance to the east equivalent to 145 metres for both a car and truck. This available sight distance meets the requirement of 145 metres for a car, however is 30 metres less than the minimum requirement of 175 metres for a truck.

As the available sight distance at the proposed site access point does not meet the EDD SISD requirements of the Austroads guide for a truck, it is recommended that a warning sign (W2-9(L) – Side Road Intersection on a Curve) be placed on the eastern approach to the access point to provide advanced warning to approaching drivers of the intersection ahead and the likelihood that a vehicle may enter the roadway from the access point. This recommendation is in accordance with Section 2.9.2 and Figure 2.4 of the Australian Standard, AS 1742.2 -2009.

The proposed warning sign W2-9(L) combined with the recommended advisory speed signs, and chevron alignment markers as detailed in Section 4.2 to highlight the substandard horizontal curve adjacent to the proposed site access point, is considered to be an adequate measure in warning approaching drivers, in particular truck drivers, of the sub-standard horizontal curve, the intersection ahead, and that vehicles may be entering the roadway, and therefore they will be required to reduce their speed in line with the maximum safe operating speed.

It is noted that as the existing horizontal curve adjacent to the proposed site access point has a radius equal to 240 metres, the recommended safe operating speed that a vehicle should be travelling around the curve is 80km/h. Therefore, an 80km/h advisory speed limit warning sign should be provided on the both approaches to the horizontal curve to warn drivers of the safe operating speed that is required to manoeuvre around the horizontal curve.

Further at an operating speed equivalent to 80km/h, the required EDD SISD for a truck on the eastern approach to the site access point is reduced to 140 metres. Therefore, the available sight distance of 145 metres to the east of the site access point will exceed the requirement of 140 metres for a truck.

Figure 17: Maude-She Oaks Road, sight distance for a car to the west of the proposed site access point (Drivers eye height = 1.15m)

Figure 18: Maude-She Oaks Road, sight distance for a truck to the west of the proposed

site access point (Drivers eye height = 2.5m)



12 April 2018 Page | 20

Figure 19: Maude-She Oaks Road, sight distance for a car to the east of the proposed site access point (Drivers eye height = 1.15m)

Figure 20: Maude-She Oaks Road, sight distance for a truck to the east of the proposed

site access point (Drivers eye height = 2.5m)

4.5 Site Access Arrangement & Internal Site Layout Review

Access to the site is proposed from Maude-She Oaks Road via an upgrade of the existing gravel driveway access point located at the western site boundary. It is recommended that the access point be designed and constructed in accordance with the Infrastructure Design Manual (IDM) standard drawing no. SD265 - Typical B-Double Vehicle Crossing (Rural Entrance). Refer Appendix D for a copy of the IDM standard drawing. It is noted that widening of the Maude-She Oaks Road eastbound lane as per the standard drawing is not required as heavy vehicles will not be required to access the site from the west.

It is also recommended that one car parking space be provided on-site for each staff member, plus an additional car parking space for use by a maintenance/ delivery vehicle. A truck parking space able to accommodate a 12.5 metre long rigid vehicle should also be provided on site for use by a maintenance, delivery or waste removal vehicle. Therefore, a minimum of four car parking spaces measuring 4.9 metres long by 2.6 metres wide and one truck parking space measuring 12.5 metres long by 2.5 metres wide are to be provided within the subject site.

A turnaround facility the accommodates the largest vehicle entering the site must also be provided on site to allow all vehicles to exit the site in a forward direction only.

At least one truck waiting bay measuring 20 metres long by 2.5 metres wide must also be provided on site in the event that more than one heavy vehicle accesses the site.

The circulation roadway should be at least 6.5 metres in width to allow for two-way vehicle movement.

The car park and access layout must be designed in accordance with the requirements of the Golden Plains Planning Scheme Clause 52.06-9, the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 1: Off-street car parking, AS/NZS 2890.1:2004, the Australian Standard, Parking Facilities Part 2: Off-street commercial vehicle facilities, AS2890.2:2002, and the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 6: Off-street parking for people with disabilities, AS/NZS 2890.6:2009.



12 April 2018 Page | 21

5 FINDINGS

The key findings of this Traffic Impact Assessment are detailed below:

Existing Conditions Assessment

• Maude-She Oakes Road is not an approved PBS Level 1 or PBS Level 2A route. However, Golden Plains Shire Council has confirmed that PBS Level 1 and 2A approved vehicles are permitted to use Maude-She Oaks Road.

• Steiglitz Road is an approved PBS Level 1 and 2A route.

• Sharp Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route.

• There are no available records to confirm if a Tier 1 Bridge Assessment has been completed for the Sharp Road bridge. However, as Sharp Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route, it is expected that an assessment would have been completed by the responsible authority’s road manager or their delegate, prior to the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator granting approval.

• The holding rails on the Sharp Road bridge are considered to be inadequate in protecting an errant vehicle from running off the bridge if hit at a high speed.

• Steiglitz-She Oaks Road is an approved PBS Level 1 route.

• Meredith-Steiglitz Road is a restricted PBS Level 1 route with a 20 tonne mass limit.

• The existing warning signs on both Steiglitz Road approaches to Maude-She Oakes Road are of an old standard and both signs on the northern approach are incorrectly used. It is advisable that these warning signs be upgraded by the responsible authority to the current Australian Standard, AS1742.2-2009, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 2: Traffic control devices for general use.

• The recorded daily traffic volume on Maude She-Oakes Road equivalent to 185 vehicles per day is typical for a rural access road which is expected to carry less than 1,000 vehicles per day.

• The recorded percentage of heavy vehicles on Maude She-Oakes Road equivalent to 23.8% is typical for a rural road providing access to an existing quarry site.

• All other roads within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area carry between 46 vehicles per day two way on Butchers Road to 700 vehicles per day two way on Steiglitz Road.

• The recorded percentage of heavy vehicles on Steiglitz Road equivalent 14.2% is typical for a rural arterial road.

• The casualty crash statistic data analysed over a 5 Year period between 1 May 2012 and 30 April 2017, confirms there are no serious safety concerns with the existing road network within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area.

Traffic Impact Assessment

• It is recommended that all heavy vehicles that have an origin/ destination towards Ballarat use Steiglitz Road (C142), Geelong-Ballan Road (C141), and the Midland Highway (A300). However, if the quarry operator proposes to use Sharp Road to access the Midland Highway instead of the above recommended route, then a structural assessment by a qualified structural engineer must be undertaken to confirm that the existing holding rails on the bridge are capable of protecting an errant vehicle from running off the bridge if hit at a high speed, and that the bridge is capable of carry the expected heavy vehicle loading.

• Based on the proposed site operations as detailed in Section 3.2 it is expected the subject site will generate approximately 20 two-way vehicle trips per weekday, i.e. 4 vehicle trips into and out of the site and 6 heavy vehicle trips into and out of the site each weekday and a worst-case scenario 8 vehicle trips which consist of three heavy vehicles entering and exiting the site and one passenger vehicle entering and exiting the site during the AM and PM peak hour.

• The expected increase in the daily, peak hour, and heavy vehicle traffic volumes 10 years post development as detailed in Figure 16, will not have a detrimental impact on the current operation



12 April 2018 Page | 22

of Maude-She Oaks Road, Steiglitz Road, Geelong-Ballan Road, the Midland Highway and the intersections of these roads.

• The expected daily traffic volume of 312 vehicles per day on Maude She-Oakes Road (west of Steiglitz Road) is well below the 1,000 vehicles per day capacity for a rural access road.

• The expected percentage of heavy vehicles on Maude She-Oakes Road equivalent to 29.4% equates to an increase of 5.6% from the existing heavy vehicle use. This increase in heavy vehicle use is considered to be acceptable.

• All other roads within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area are expected to carry between 55 vehicles per day two way on Butchers Road to 843 vehicles per day two way on Steiglitz Road.

• The expected percentage of heavy vehicles on Steiglitz Road equivalent 14.5% is still typical for a rural arterial road.

• The existing horizontal alignment of Maude-She Oaks Road has a series of curves with a substandard radius for a 100km/h speed limit. It is therefore recommended that warning signs, advisory speed signs, and chevron alignment markers be provided on both approaches to all substandard horizontal curves on Maude-She Oakes Road between the subject site and Steiglitz Road in accordance with Section 4.4 and Figure 4.8 of the Australian Standard AS1742.2.

• The existing carriageway along Maude-She Oakes Road should be widened to achieve the following minimum carriageway widths:

o On Straight Sections – A 6.2 metre wide sealed carriageway, and two 2.0 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

o On Horizontal curves with a 200 - 250 metre radius – A 6.8 metre wide sealed carriageway and two 1.7 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

o On Horizontal curves with a 250 - 500 metre radius – A 6.6 metre wide sealed carriageway and two 1.8 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

The proposed carriageway widening will improve safety for all vehicles travelling along Maude-She Oakes Road and ensure that adequate lateral clearance is provided between vehicles travelling in opposite directions on all horizontal curves. It will also ensure that all heavy vehicles travelling along Maude She-Oakes Road do not cross the road centreline as witnessed during the site visit.

Site Access Review

• The proposed site access point is located at the existing access point into the site (adjacent to the western site boundary) clear of the existing Vegetation Protection Overlay (VPO2).

• The MGSD requirement of 139 metres is met at the intersection of the site access point with Maude-She Oaks Road in both directions for both cars and trucks.

• The available SISD on the western approach to the site access point exceeds the requirement of 175 metres for a car and meets the requirement of 240 metres for a truck.

• This available SISD on the eastern approach to the site access point meets the requirement of 145 metres for a car, however is 30 metres less than the minimum requirement of 175 metres for a truck.

• It is recommended that a warning sign (W2-9(L) – Side Road Intersection on a Curve) be placed on the eastern approach to the site access point. The proposed warning sign should be combined with an advisory speed sign (80km/h) and chevron alignment markers, in accordance with Section 2.9.2 and Figure 2.4 of the Australian Standard, AS 1742.2 -2009.

• At an operating speed equivalent to 80km/h, the required EDD SISD for a truck on the eastern approach to the site access point is 140 metres. Therefore, the available sight distance of 145 metres to the east of the site access point will exceed this requirement.

Internal Site Layout Review

• The proposed new site access point should be designed and constructed in accordance with the Infrastructure Design Manual (IDM) standard drawing no. SD265 - Typical B-Double Vehicle Crossing (Rural Entrance). It is noted that widening of the Maude-She Oaks Road eastbound lane



12 April 2018 Page | 23

as per the standard drawing is not required as heavy vehicles will not be permitted to access the site from the west unless a structural assessment of the Sharp Road bridge is completed.

• A minimum of four car parking spaces measuring 4.9 metres long by 2.6 metres wide and one truck parking space measuring 12.5 metres long by 2.5 metres wide are to be provided within the subject site.

• A turnaround facility the accommodates the largest vehicle entering the site must be provided on site to allow all vehicles to exit the site in a forward direction.

• At least one truck waiting bay measuring 20 metres long by 2.5 metres wide must be provided on site in the event that more than one heavy vehicle accesses the site at anyone time.

• The circulation roadway should be at least 6.5 metres in width to allow for two-way vehicle movement.

• The car park and access layout must be designed in accordance with the requirements of the Golden Plains Planning Scheme Clause 52.06-9, the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 1: Off-street car parking, AS/NZS 2890.1:2004, the Australian Standard, Parking Facilities Part 2: Off-street commercial vehicle facilities, AS2890.2:2002, and the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 6: Off-street parking for people with disabilities, AS/NZS 2890.6:2009.



12 April 2018 Page | 24

6 CONCLUSION Based on the key findings of this Traffic Impact Assessment it is recommended that the Responsible Authorities permit condition for the proposed use should state as a minimum that:

• The maximum number of staff on site at any one time should be three staff members.

• The maximum number of heavy vehicle movements to and from the site should be restricted to 12 vehicles each weekday.

• The operating hours of the site are 7am to 6pm, Monday to Friday. Works are not permitted on weekends.

• All heavy vehicles accessing the site should be no greater than 20 metres in length and consist of a truck and dog trailer combination (3- or 4-axle rigid truck towing a 3- or 4-axle dog trailer) with a General Mass Limit of 42.5 tonnes similar to a PBS Level 1 vehicle.

• A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to the satisfaction of the Responsible Authority must be prepared and submitted to, and approved by, the Responsible Authority highlighting the heavy vehicle route to and from the site. The TMP must include measures to ensure that all truck drivers visiting the site understand and comply with the requirements of the TMP.

• All heavy vehicles accessing the subject site are not to use Sharp Road unless prior approval is granted by the Responsible Authority. This condition must be detailed in the TMP. The approval for the use of Sharp Road by Heavy Vehicles will be dependent on a structural assessment being completed by a qualified structural engineer on the stability of existing bridge.

• Engineering drawings to the satisfaction of the Responsible Authority must be prepared and submitted to, and approved by, the Responsible Authority detailing the following works as a minimum:

o Provision of warning signs, advisory speed signs, and chevron alignment markers in accordance with the Australian Standard, AS 1742.2 -2009 on both approaches to all substandard horizontal curves along the length of Maude-She Oakes Road between the subject site and Steiglitz Road.

o Provision of a warning sign W2-9(L) on the east approach to the site access point combined with an advisory speed sign (80km/h) and chevron alignment markers, in accordance with the Australian Standard, AS 1742.2 -2009.

o Widening the existing carriageway along Maude-She Oakes Road to achieve the following minimum carriageway widths:

▪ On Straight Sections – A 6.2 metre wide sealed carriageway, and two 2.0 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

▪ On Horizontal curves with a 200 - 250 metre radius – A 6.8 metre wide sealed carriageway and two 1.7 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

▪ On Horizontal curves with a 250 - 500 metre radius – A 6.6 metre wide sealed carriageway and two 1.8 metre wide unsealed shoulders on either side of the sealed carriageway.

o The proposed site access point be designed and constructed in accordance with the Infrastructure Design Manual (IDM) standard drawing no. SD265 - Typical B-Double Vehicle Crossing (Rural Entrance). The widening of the Maude-She Oaks Road eastbound lane as per the standard drawing is not required unless heavy vehicles are approved by the Responsible Authority to use Sharp Road.

o A minimum of four car parking spaces measuring 4.9 metres long by 2.6 metres wide and one truck parking space measuring 12.5 metres long by 2.5 metres wide are to be provided within the subject site.

o A turnaround facility the accommodates the largest vehicle entering the site must be provided on site to allow all vehicles to exit the site in a forward direction.



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o One truck waiting bay measuring 20 metres long by 2.5 metres wide must be provided on site in the event that more than one heavy vehicle accesses the site at anyone time.

o A circulation roadway minimum 6.5 metres wide.

• All works as detailed on the approved Engineering Drawings must be constructed to satisfaction of the Responsible Authority prior to any on-site extraction works commencing.

• The internal site works must be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the Golden Plains Planning Scheme Clause 52.06-9, the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 1: Off-street car parking, AS/NZS 2890.1:2004, the Australian Standard, Parking Facilities Part 2: Off-street commercial vehicle facilities, AS2890.2:2002, and the Australian / New Zealand Standard, Parking Facilities Part 6: Off-street parking for people with disabilities, AS/NZS 2890.6:2009.

Therefore, it can be concluded that if the above recommended permit conditions are enacted upon, it is expected that the proposed Sand Quarry located at 223 Maude-She Oakes Road will not have a detrimental impact on the existing road network within the Maude, She Oakes, and Steiglitz area and in particular on road user safety.



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APPENDIX A – COUNCIL REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION



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APPENDIX B – VICROADS HEAVY VEHICLE NETWORK MAPS

Figure A1: Victoria’s Performance Based Standards (PBS) Level 1 Network

Ste

iglitz

Road



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Figure A2: Victoria’s Performance Based Standards (PBS) Level 2A Network

Ste

iglitz

Road



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APPENDIX C – PROPOSED SITE PLAN



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APPENDIX D – IDM STANDARD DRAWING NO. SD265, TYPICAL B-DOUBLE VEHICLE CROSSING (RURAL ENTRANCE)



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proposed sand quarry 223 maude-she oaks road, she oaks · or melbourne via steiglitz road (c142),...

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