proposed nsps for ghg emissions · • alstom power " ge energy • florida turbine...

--/ GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

Proposed NSPS for GHG Emissions

Bruce Rising, Vice Chair Environmental Affairs Committee

August 1, 2013

1

/ GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

• Alstom Power

" GE Energy

• Florida Turbine Technologies

• Meggitt Sensing Systems

• Pratt & Whitney Power Systems

• Rolls-Royce

• Siemens Energy, Inc.

• Solar Turbines Incorporated

1 Aug 2013 Washington, DC

GAS TIJRBlNE ASSOCIATION

GTA Recommendations

• Maintain exclusion of simple cycle gas turbines

" Raise the C02 level to at least 1,1 00 lb/MWh

.. Prohibit the NSPS C02 limit from being adopted as the presumptive C02 BACT level for simple cycle turbines

.. Include exemption for startup/shutdown and part load operation

.. Allow an alternate method to GEMs for compliance measurement

• Modify method for computing the 12-month rolling average

.. Exempt combined heat and power units

• Allow 500 hours of operation on backup fuel without inclusion in the emission average


Simple Cycle Exclusion GASTURBINEASSOCIATlON ----------------

• GTA supports exclusion of simple cycle systems

• Simple cycle gas turbines are highly flexible and react rapidly

- Enable renewable integration through enhanced grid stability

- Rapid starts/stops and load/unload rates

- Grid frequency & voltage regulation

- Peak shaving, backup power, rapid installation for new demands

• NGCC while flexible, cannot substitute for simple eye_!§ 1 fs .~r-~ .. Many simple cycle units run more than(2,900 hOurs per yea0 '1~

- Particularly in support of renewable generation snes

• Proposed range of 950 - 1,1 00 lb/MWh does not reflect BSER* for SC

.. Exclusion provides no incentive for simple cycle over NGCC

*Best System Emission Rate

013 Washington, DC

Vv~~~s.~' "'~ &fVJ'o..'?~ t, .r ~~iMS"""\ ~ vu,l ~fN'- 't3 * "\'W-i--t~

Increase C02 limit to 1,100 lb/MWh limit GASTURBtNEASSOCIATtON ---------~-----------

• Only gas fired combined cycle turbines have the efficiencies to reach this threshold.

• But even they cannot all achieve this

- Requires pipeline natural gas (not fuel oil)

- Site conditions, part-load operation, design features, and operating hours all tend to raise the emissions expressed on an output basis

.. Simple cycle turbines cannot reach this threshold

" While new cycle design features continue to be introduced, pre2006 turbine designs are still manufactured and sold to support customer needs.


Operating Conditions GASTURBINEASSOOATION ------~----------

" Part load operation results in reduced cycle efficiency, increasing the emissions output

- Part load is a necessity in cases where fast starting and ramping are required (e.g. support renewable energy generation, such as wind or solar)

• Site conditions substantially impact output based emissions

- High ambient temperatures erode efficiency

- Cooling system designs (open loop cooled vs. air cooled systems) have a major impact


Compliance Monitoring GAS TURBINE ASSOOATION =·

• Monitoring can be more effectively and accurately accomplished by fuel flow monitoring

- All gas turbine systems include high accuracy flow monitors

- Fuel carbon content is relatively constant (75% by mass for

natural gas). Pipeline tariffs maintain a relatively consistent

composition

- Performance (Megawatt-hours generated) is well measured

and recorded (data filed to FERC)

- This will produce greater accuracy in determining output

based emissions compared to CEMS data.


CHP/Cogen Exemption GASTURB!NEASSOCIATION ---------------

" Recommend exemption for gas turbines in the CHP category

- They represent a category of very efficient system systems for power and thermal energy production

- Thermal energy is recovered from a simple cycle turbine exhaust, but not necessarily to produce electricity

• But some Combined Heat and Power also produce electricity

" It is difficult to quantify the thermal energy in terms of equivalent kWh to determine compliance of combined heat and power with the proposed NSPS would be immense and impractical

• Some CHP units also make use of a unique fuel that may be produced in-house

- May be substantially different from pipeline natural gas or No. 2 Fuel Oil.

• Additional support for an alternative fuel exemption, in addition to a category exemption


GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

Fuel Choice

• The proposed standard is only likely to be achieved using pipeline natural gas fuel

- While most gas turbines in the US are gas-fired, there is still

a segment of the fleet that still uses fuel oil.

- Fuel oil backup provides operating flexibility, especially on

peaking units not committed to long-term gas contracts.

- Operating with a few hundred hours of on fuel oil would push

a combined cycle above the threshold, even using

annualized averaging methods

" Exempt from reporting C02 emissions when operating fuel oil,

alternative fuels (e.g. landfill gas, blast furnace gas)


Impact of load on C02 GASTURBINEASSOCIATION -------------------

Impact of Condenser on Efficiency and C02 Output t 2D ~~~·.~-····.~···········

lQQ

I#I $0 ·'~····· ············•··· ·--· '- ....

j ...·"., j ~11

-0~( ~{~OF

! ~

--.'l;tr Ccolt;Q 16-tl :~ N

"' "' .5

~ .liD -'! "'

;!!;(1 ~ ,-..

o '"'' .... 4'$ ,. .liS $$ -~;, ~;; "tl~;." !A>«<("l


Impact of Ambient Temperature GAS TURBINE ASSOCIAT!ON

large Combined Cyde(Variable Ambient, Air Cooled Condenser} 40

37

35

32

~ 30

5 j~ 25 1---------------------------------------------------.~ .li ~

I ~ 20

iiif Air Co-oled

N 0 u 15 .5

~ ~

10

5

0

60 65 70 75 so 85 90 95 100

Ambient Temperature


Impact of Fuel GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

2,000 ~--------------~---------------~---------------~---------------7---------------r--------------,I I I I l I I I I

' '

' :1

1,800 I I

' ' ' ' ' 1,600 ' ' ' ' '

' ' 1,400

I "' ' '

N' 0 <.1 1,200

' ' '

' ' 1,000 -- _--~

'

800 --------------L-------------: ~ : I I :

i 30-% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%

Cycle Efficiency (%)

, , -Nat~1ral Gas --------------~---------------•-------------- ~---------------r--------------~I I I

I I ~No.Q:

' '

' ' ~---------------L-------------- --------------~---------------~--------------~

'

' ' ' '

--------------~------------- --------------1---------------~--------------~ ' '

' '----;---------------r------------- ----------~---------------r--------------,

' ' ' '

------------- _:_------------- _i_------' ~ I

' ' ' ______________ j _______________ [ _______________ : _____________ ~

' ' ' '


600

Cumulative Impact of Operating Conditions, Design, Site Conditions, and Fuel

GASTURB!NEASSOCIATION -----~---------------

USNGCC Fleet (Gas Fired Units,> 25 MVV) 3,500 .---'---'--'"T-__;_~--.--'-----.'-'--"-,-------r------,---'---"--.------.

~ Pre 1995 CODD "n_ Post 1995 COD .3,000

2,500 ~

c: ID

C)

z- 2,000 ~

D (l DO ~ (l

?i 1,500 -

N 0 .0

1~00~·

500

~

D

(l

04,000 " D6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000

Heat Rate (Btu/kWh)1 Aug 2013 Washington, DC

Cumulative Impact of Operating Conditions, Decadal Data Summary

GASTURi!INEASSOCIATION -------------------

US NGCC Fleet Data (2002-2011 Data)- Gas Only Operation C02, lb/MVVh=324.363+0.076*Heat Rate

2,200 ,----.----'-----'---,-----------,--------,---------'..---'---.-------. 'Cogen ~, Combined Cycle2,000

t. t. t. <><>

1,800 <> <>--$'0

<> t.t.6. <> <> <> (• t. <>+<> t.t. <><> t. . t. t§:<> <>t. r !:,_-01,600 t,.l!. .t;, t.<> <> <> t. "¥ <> 4J;: tli_"_ g <><> <>t. t. tP /£<>,(>t. t. ... 6. :& t.

"(>(> v '&l:f;t:J¢. 6.¢

<>

<> <> <}-::_.';.V£:1. ¢- <> <>-v

:{-:: (.,> h. <> ¢'Gt.e <>

<> t. A

<> ~ t.

<> <_,',t. t. t.

<><><> Values not included: < 400 l#MVVh and >2,000 l#MVVh

8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Heat Rate (Btu/kVVh)


::;:-'V'aJFI!a GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

Cumulative Impact of Operating Conditions, Decadal Data Summary

'"'"

US NGCC Fleet Data (2002-2011 Data)- Gas Only Combined Cycle C02, lb/MWh=98.1428+0.1 039*Heat Rate

2,200 r----'---.---'--'-'-----.-'-----'---.-------,---..;..._~___,.--, ~"-- Capacity added before 2006 ~ Capacity added200G .. or later2,000

<> <><>

1,800

<>

!:, {> <.:> !:,

-:) <>'

··

<>

!:,

<> <><>

<>

<>

v

'ij

<)

<>

<>

0 !:,

<> (>

?j

!:, <> /' <> " <> "' <>1,600 <>

00 e 1400 I (!) '

~ 12ooJ 6 '~ 2 ' -. ""' 8 1,000 0

800

GOO

400 Values not included: < 400 #/MWh and >2,000 #/MWh

200 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) 1 Aug 2013 Washington, DC

Reported Monthly C02 Emissions, Multiple Sites (Simple Cycle Gas Turbines)

GASTURBtNEASSOCIATfON ------------------

Average Calculated Monthly Simple Cycle C02 Emissions, Jb/MWh Five Sites, Five Models, Four OEM's, 32 Seperate Gas Turbines

1,800 r

0 New Jersey !Ill California1,700 ~ D Nevada 6 Minnesota /I~"'!"

1.600 r A· Kansas r'""

1,500 r A

~

·~ 1,400 -... -"'

8 1,300 u

1,200 Operating 1-3 Hours/Month

1,100

. 1,000

900 L-----~------~------~~--~~----~------~----~ 8,000 9,000 10,000 11 ,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

Heat Rate, Btu/kWh


Reported Annual C02 Emissions, Multiple Sites imple le Gas Turbines)

GASTURB1NEASSOCIAT!ON ______;__ _;;___ _;;_________;;______

Average Annual C02 Emission Simple Cycle .Gas Turbines 1,400 ,-.---r--.-----.--....-----;----.---.-----.--....-----;---r--.-----.--....-----.---.--,

• Annual C02 lb/MWh

1,350 Gas turbines with commercial operation since 2009 All data are from 2012 reported emissions and performance

1,300

1,250

~ ~ ::;:; 1 ,200

-8 (.)

1,150

1,100

1,050

1 DOD I h II II ' II II ' II II 'II II, II II ' II II ' II II ' II II ' II II ' II II ' II II dl II II II "I II I II II II I II I

' 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33


I

GTA Recommendations GAS TURBINE ASSOCIATION

• Maintain exclusion of simple cycle gas turbines

• Raise the C02 level to at least 1,1 00 lb/MWh (for a combined cycle)

• Prohibit the NSPS C02 limit from being adopted as the presumptive C02 BACT level for simple cycle turbines

• Include exemption for startup/shutdown and part load operation

• Allow an alternate method to GEMs for compliance measurement

• Modify method for computing the 12-month rolling average

• Exempt combined heat and power units

• Allow 500 hours of operation on backup fuel without inclusion in the emission average


proposed nsps for ghg emissions · • alstom power " ge energy • florida turbine...

Documents