proposal for the 2018 hyde900 community dig 2018 di… · access to the gardeos oo kiog alored...

PROPOSAL FOR THE 2018 HYDE900 COMMUNITY DIG

Locatoon ofn then site

The site proposed is a portoo oo the oorth eod oo each oo the gardeos oo 10, 14 aod 15 Kiog Alored Terrace, Wiochester, SO23 7DQ. The gardeos oo No.14 (fg 11 aod No.15 (fg 21 were the site oo the 2017 dig.

No.10 – The oorth eod is curreotly covered by a weed-preveotatve e braoe aod gravel adjaceot to a shed. The householder has oo looger a oeed oor the shed aod Hyde900 have agreed to re ove it.

No.14 – The proposed area lies to the oorth oo the positoo oo Treoch 7 oo the 2017 dig. The area is occupied by a large shed oo a coocrete plioth so e 15c thick. This shed will be oved by the householder, with the coocrete re oved to a skip provided by Hyde900, prior to the dig.

No.15 – The oorth eod is dowo to grass, apart oro a coocrete suroace io oroot oo a shed. The householder has giveo per issioo to re ove ost oo this suroace prior to the dig, leaviog a 50c path io oroot oo the shed.

The di eosiooal layout oo all three gardeos is si ilar.

The Wiochester Museu plao oor the outlioe oo the cloister area overlaid oo a plao oo the odero locality (fg 31 iodicates that both the iooer aod outer walls oall across the three gardeos.

The area proposed iocludes already-docu eoted archaeology io the gardeo oo No.14. This co prises (a1 archaeological fods listed uoder reoereoce MWC6708 io the Wiochester Historic Eoviroo eot Record (see copy oo eotry below1, aod (b1 archaeology oouod duriog the 2017 Hyde900 Co uoity Dig. This archaeology, aod the results oo the dig io the adjoioiog gardeo, No.15, are su arised io this proposal aod will be published oo co pletoo oo the report curreotly uoder preparatoo (Jaouary 20181.

Proposal for 2018 Hyde900 community dig

Fig 1: Garden no 14 King Alfred Terrace looking N Fig 2: Garden of no 15 King Alfred Terrace looking S

Access to the gardeos oo Kiog Alored Terrace is via a passage adjaceot to No. 13 Kiog Alored Terrace, which is a right oo way oor access (fg 41.

Fig 4: Access to rear of King Alfred Terrace houses


Fig 3: Detail from Winchester Museum’s plan

showing the locaton of the approximateexcavaton area planned for the King Alfred

Terrace gardens (blue)

Record Type: Monument

Name: Hyde Abbey Church Cloisters

Grid Reference: SU 4826 3008

Map Sheet: SU43SE

Parish/Ward: WINCHESTER - ST BARTHOLOMEW

Other Statuses/Codes UAD Monument Number: 5266

Monument Type(s) CLOISTER (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)

SummaryThe cloisters of Hyde Abbey lie to the south of the site of the Abbey church, beneath the gardens of properties in Alswitha Terrace, King Alfred Place and the gardens of King Alfred Terrace.The footings of a wall, suggested as belonging to the inner north wall of the cloister, were seen in contractors trenches inSeptember 2009.

MWC6708 in the Winchester Historic Environment Record.

Briefn backgrouodn

The site lies withio the oor er preciocts oo the ooastery oo Hyde. Whilst there have beeo exteosive excavatoos withio the aio precioct, there have beeo ooly three additooal records io respect oo the archaeology io the cloister area:

11 Uopublished docu eot SWC5389 by Souterraio Archaeological Services, 2009, No.8 Alswitha Terrace, Kiog Alored Place.

21 Report oo the 2016 Hyde900 Co uoity Dig at No.14 Alswitha Terrace. Its locatoo is showo io fg 5. Archaeology oouod duriog this dig co prised the io-situ re aios oo a robbed-out wall (fg 61 ruooiog N-S approxi ately 2 etres to the west oo the east wall oo the south traosept oo the abbey church or cloister buildiog.

31 Report (io progress1 oo the coofr atoo oo the existeoce oo a robbed-out E-W wall io the gardeo oo No.14 Kiog Alored Terrace, ioitally oouod prior to buildiog works io the 1990s. The report will also coofr the existeoce oo a partally robbed-out N-S wall with adjoioiog paved area (also io the gardeo oo No.141, which iocluded reused stooes oro the origioal Nor ao cloister. Followiog their discovery duriog the Hyde900 2017 dig these stooes were lifed oor security, aod displayed io a recoostructoo oo the origioal Nor ao cloister arcade arch (part1 as showo io fg 7. Ao ioteri descriptoo oo the 2017 dig oollows this proposal (Appeodix 11.


Fig 5: Locaton (shown in yellow) of garden used in 2016Hyde900 Community Dig

Fig 6: Robbed out wall found in the 2016dig at 14 Alswitha Terrace – looking E


Fig 7: Abacus and voussoirs found in the 2017 dig shown in conjuncton withreplicas of the matching capital and springer stone from the abbey

currently on display in St Bartholomew’s church

The locatoo oo the abaci aod voussoirs as oouod io Treoch 7 at No.14 Kiog Alored Terrace duriog the 2017 Hyde900 co uoity dig is showo io fg 8.

Fig 8: Plan of archaeology of the abaci (Bx) and voussoirs (Cx) found in Trench 7at 14 King Alfred Terrace

Objecties

Commuoity

To eoable (pri arily1 local iohabitaots oo all ages oro 6 upwards to experieoce takiog part io ao archaeological dig – accordiog to each partcipaot’s age aod ability – uoder the guidaoce oo experieoced archaeological supervisors.

To eoable local people to gaio a beter uoderstaodiog oo the site aod its history.

Archaeology

To establish the precise locatoo oo the cloister oo Hyde Abbey aod aoy associated structures.

To ideotoy the oature oo the buildiog aterials used oo the site, their use io the coostructoo oo the Abbey aod its associated buildiogs, aod, where possible, the origio oo the aterials.


Methodology

• The ouoda eotal approach is that oo test-pit exploratoo. This will iovolve haod excavatoo, pri arily usiog trowels, oo s all areas oor ally easuriog oot ore thao 1 x 2 to a depth oo oo ore thao 1.2 .

• The test-pit excavatoo will re ove soil io spits oo 10c depth, with all associated fods labelled to ideotoy their locatoo oo origio by reoereoce to the relevaot spit. Each spit willhave a uoique cootext ou ber. Cootext sheets will record all layers, cuts, flls aod structures.

• The test-pit approach is ackoowledged to have li itatoos which ake it ioappropriate oor larger or ore co plex archaeological excavatoos. Should the test-pit approach reveal archaeology oo a co plexity aod exteot requiriog ore detailed records, the approach will chaoge to the oa iliar cootext ethodology used io larger excavatoos. The archaeological site supervisor will be respoosible oor akiog this decisioo.

• Structures which have beeo ideotfed io previous excavatoos at No.14 Kiog Alored Terrace will be ourther explored where possible to establish the cootouity aod exteot oo revealed oeatures.

• The site supervisor is also respoosible oor deter ioiog the opt al poiot oor ter ioatog excavatoo.

• It is aotcipated that aoy archaeology will be located at a si ilar depth below curreot grouod suroace to that previously oouod, i.e. 20 to 80c .

• With the koowledge oo the existog archaeology adjaceot to the proposed area oo excavatoo at the oorth eod oo No.14 Kiog Alored Terrace, coosideratoo will be giveo to the use oo a cootext-based excavatoo. This will be decided afer the re oval oo the circa10c oo gardeo fll below the coocrete plioth oo the shed, which will have beeo re oved.

• Io spits withio the test pits are oouod to cootaio suitable aterial, bulk eoviroo eotal sa ples ay be takeo. Io sa ples are takeo, a uoique sa ple ou ber will be allocated to each separate sa ple, which will be recorded oo a sa ple sheet.

• Aoy substaotal oeatures, fods or sectoos that are discovered will also be recorded usiog photographic ethods by a site supervisor. They will be photographed with a resolutoo oo 25 MP usiog a digital SLR ca era, with either ao 18 to 135 or a 60 Micro leos. Each photograph will cootaio either a 1 raogiog pole, or a 20c , 10c or 5c red aod white photographic scale. They will also cootaio a photographic iooor atoo board which will state the oollowiog: site code; test-pit ou ber; cootexts spit ou bers; oorth arrow. Each photograph takeo will also be recorded oo a site photographic record sheet.

• All soil oro each spit will be sieved usiog a large sieve oo 1c esh size. All fods withioeach spit will be placed io trays with the test pit aod spit ou ber arked oo at least 2 tags oo the tray. The ooly exceptoo to this will be io fods aterial covered by the Treasures Act, or hu ao re aios, are oouod withio the spit.


• Prior to each test pit beiog shut dowo aod backflled, a ioi u oo ooe sectoo will be drawo at a scale oo 1:10 oo ao A4 size sheet oo per atrace. This will be drawo by a site supervisor so that ao accurate record oo the archaeological stratgraphy withio the excavatoo cao be recorded as part oo the paper record. Each drawiog will also be giveo a uoique drawiog ou ber aod will be recorded oo a drawiog record sheet.

• The locatoo oo the excavatoo areas will be recorded so that their locatoo is koowo withio the Britsh Natooal Grid. These will be accurately 3D-located oo to the NG usiog either a Leica builder total statoo or a Leica RTK difereotal GPS.

• The dig will be overseeo, as were the previous digs, by David Ashby oo the Archaeology Depart eot oo the Uoiversity oo Wiochester, aod supervisioo, recordiog aod fods processiog will be uodertakeo by WARG. Dr Joho Crook, coosultaot archaeologist to Wiochester Cathedral, will ooce agaio be partcipatog aod advisiog oo ooastc archaeology. All actvites will be carried out with the ai oo the axi u saoe iovolve eot oo those voluoteeriog to take part.

• At the eod oo the excavatoo, aoy areas deter ioed to be oragile or oo high ioterest will be covered io geotextle aod backflled by haod.

Health,n Safetyn aodn Admioistratoo

• All partcipaots will be giveo a verbal saoety briefog at the start oo each sessioo. Treoch supervisors are all experieoced io saoety aspects oo site aoage eot. Traioiog will be giveo io the use oo tools oor those uooa iliar with the .

• The ou ber oo partcipaots iocludiog the site supervisors aod excavators io a gardeo at aoy t e will oot exceed 20.

• The gardeos are level aod oo private laod. We see oo risks additooal to those that would apply oo aoy level-site archaeology excavatoo. Ateotoo will be paid to the possible preseoce oo buried services such as water, gas, electricity etc., aod io oouod appropriate actoo will be takeo.

• The usual poiots register aod records oo s all fods, aod soil sa ples, will be kept io a secure place, with digital copies oo paper aterials ade aod archived by Hyde900.

• Appropriate recordiog techoiques will be used to record the site, placiog key poiots aod key fods withio the receotly-developed plaos oo the site geo-reoereoced by Leica.

• There will be ao oo-lioe bookiog syste oor partcipaots to take part io 2-hour sessioos, choosiog betweeo excavatog, sieviog, fods-processiog or recordiog.

• The dig will be orgaoised by Hyde900 who will arraoge iosuraoce cover oor those takiog part as io 2016 7. The iosurers have coofr ed that oo lower age li it applies.

• WARG have agreed to hire to Hyde900 the required equip eot oor the dig.

• All fods processiog will be carried out of-site io a arquee located withio 50 etres oo the site.


Plaon forn locatoon ofn excaiatoon areas

The 2017 Hyde900 co uoity dig established the existeoce oo archaeology io Nos.14 aod 15, with fods rated by Prooessor Marto Biddle as beiog oo ioteroatooal i portaoce.

Locatoos oo the 2017 treoches are showo io fg 9.

Fig 9: Locatons of 2017 Hyde900 dig trenches in King Alfred Terrace

The 2018 dig will exteod Treoch 7 oorthwards oollowiog the directoo oo the N-S wall aod the lioe oo the reused stooework io No.14 (withio the area arked io blue io fg 101. The 2018 dig will also explore the oorthero part oo No.15 Kiog Alored Terrace, which is io lioe eastwards oro Treoch 7. There will be ourther test pit(s1 at the oorth eod oo No.10, broadly io a lioe westwards oro the area uoder exploratoo io Nos.14 aod 15, aod also to the west oo the E-W wall revealed io treoch 6 (possible area oo cootouatoo oo E-W wall arked io browo oo fg 101.

Fig 10: Plan with elevaton of the 2018 site areas (marked in green).Possible contnuaton of the walls/paving area shown in blue and brown


As the area uoder discussioo is oot large eoough to eoable aoy geophysical evaluatoo, the areas uoder coosideratoo are beiog probed oo a 0.5 grid aod the results recorded aod ploted.

The results oo the probiog exercise showo graphically below will assist io the deter ioatoo oo the pit locatoos. A li ited exercise has beeo carried out io the gardeo oo No.10 (fg 111. A ourther exercise scheduled oor Feb 20th will exteod the area covered. The exercise oo 0.5 grid io the oorth eod oo No.15 (fg 121 illustrates the levels at which a hard (fiot stooe ortar brick other1 suroace was oouod. The exercise revealed ortar traces io two thirds oo the probe holes.

The test-pit locatoos will be ploted prior to the dig oo the Hyde900 plao produced oor the area, which has beeo developed oro survey poiots aod is believed accurate to + - 10 .

Fig 11: Probing at No.10 King Alfred Terrace.Distance vs depth and type of material at botom.

Fig 12: Probing at No.15 King Alfred Terrace.Depth to hard surface vs locaton


Fiods

All fods will re aio the property oo the laodowoer. Represeotatve sa ples oo those fods which laodowoers do oot wish to retaio will be kept securely aloog with other fods oo Hyde Abbey aterials dooated to Hyde900 by the public.

We do oot aotcipate a high level oo fods other thao cera ic buildiog aterials aod ooo-local stooe. A represeotatve sa ple oo these will be kept, but the bulk will be returoed to site.

Fiods will be processed of-site io a secure aooer over the period oo the dig.

Daten ofn excaiatoon aodn artci aots

The dates oo the dig are 27th April to 1st May 2018. The aio diggiog will take place oo 27th to 30th April. April 29th will be ao opeo day. Backflliog aod recordiog will take place oo the aferoooo oo April 30th aod oo May 1st.

The partcipaots will be Hyde900 e bers who are orgaoisiog the eveot, with oo-site supervisioo by experieoced supervisors oro WARG, together with e bers oo the public voluoteeriog as a result oo publicity to Hyde900 aod WARG e bers, aod the local co uoity.

As the cloister area oo Hyde Abbey is largely uokoowo io archaeological ter s (as is true appareotly oo aoy abbeys1 aod as the fods at No.14 are so sigoifcaot it is aotcipated there will be good publicity poteotal io advaoce oo the dig. Feedback oro those partcipatog io the 2017 dig (55 oo the 158 takiog part1 showed a 90% satsoactoo ratog oo 3 key criteria, aod a 100% respoose io ter s oo waotog to take part io aoother dig withio 6 to 12 ooths.


Appeodix 1 - Brieo descriptoo oo 2017 Hyde900 Co uoity Dig

KA17-1-3-1 Artst’s impression of Hyde Abbey’s Cloister Arcadeby Ross Lovet (2017)

Excitogn oewn fodsn weren uoearthedn duriogn then 2017n Hyde900n Commuoityn Dign ion then gardeosn ofn 14n aodn 15n Kiogn Alfredn Terrace,n courtesyn ofn homeowoersn Chrisn aodn Aooen Priorn aodn Justoen Field.n Then aimn ofn then dign wasn ton uocoiern then locatoon ofn then abbey’sn cloistern aodn fodn eiideoceofn aoyn claustraln buildiogs.n Ifn then abbeyn followedn then ty icaln Beoedictoen laon then excaiatoon wasn likelyn ton ben ion then arean ofn then mooks’n refectoryn oon then southn siden ofn then cloister.n

KA17-1-3-2. Map showing the 2017 Hyde900Community Dig (blue) against the predicted

outline of Hyde Abbey buildings


150n eo len ofn alln agesn artci atedn ion then dign oiern 4n daysn lookiogn forn aoyn remaiosn ofn Hyden Abbey.n Then dign wasn orgaoisedn byn Hyde900n withn then su ortn ofn Wiochestern Societyn forn Archaeologyn aodn Localn Historyn (WARG).n Sur risen discoieriesn weren maden thatn shedn oewn lightn oon then historyn ofn then abbeyn aodn oon exhibitsn thatn haien stoodn forn maoyn yearsn ion oeighbouriogn Stn Bartholomew’sn Church.n

KA17-1-3-3. Young archaeologist in the making

Excaiatoosn reiealedn medieialn walliogn maden fromn abacin (fatn slabsn formiogn then to sn ofn ca italn columosn orn ilasters)n aodn ioussoirsn (wedge-sha edn stooesn usedn ton coostructn arches)n recycledn fromn then Normaon cloister.n Thesen im ortaotn discoieriesn haien greatlyn addedn ton ourn uoderstaodiogn ofn thisn arean ofn then abbey.

KA17-1-3-4. Excavated medieval wall made fromrecycled stone from the Norman cloister of Hyde Abbey


Setn oon then sillsn ofn then oaien wiodowsn ofn Stn Bartholomew’sn Churchn aren fien ca italsn aodn an s riogern stooe,n alln ofn then foestn workmaoshi n aodn re utedn ton comen fromn Hyden Abbey.n Documeotatoon hasn receotlyn comen ton lightn showiogn theyn weren fouodn ion then 1920sn ion Kiogn Alfredn Terrace.n Theyn daten fromn then secoodn quartern ofn then twelfhn ceotury.n Theyn aren cariedn oon alln fourn facesn withn iotricaten aodn dee ly-cutn foliaten ateros,n amoogn whichn wiogedn moostersn aodn ion ooen casen airsn ofn humaon headsn occur.n Then s riogern stooen isn thatn ofn twon archesn ofn an cootouousn arcade,n cariedn oon bothn facesn aodn oon then softn withn difereotn oroameotn oon then twoarches.

KA17-1-3-5. Capitals displayed on the sills of the navewindows of St Bartholomew’s Church

KA17-1-3-6. Artst’s impression of the detail of HydeAbbey’s cloister arcade by Ross Lovet (2017)

Wheon then abacin aodn ioussoirsn fromn Kiogn Alfredn Terracen weren com aredn withn then ca italsn aodn s riogern stooen dis layedn oon then sillsn atn Stn Bartholomew’sn Churchn then dimeosioosn matchedn exactly.


KA17-1-3-7. The recycled stone excavated from King Alfred’s Terracecomprising both voussoirs and abaci

Then ioussoirsn uocoieredn atn then dign featuren cheiroon mouldiogsn oon bothn sidesn ofn then stooen aodn haien fowern motfsn ofn twon difereotn ty esn oon then uoderside.n Thesen weren cariedn ion Quarrn Stooe(an Tertaryn limestooen fromn oearn Fishbouroen oon then Islen ofn Wight)n robablyn betweeon 1130n aodn 1140.


KA17-1-3-8. Recycled voussoir embedded in mortar KA17-1-3-8a. Type 2 voussoir

Non fewern thaon 8n matchiogn ioussoirsn weren recoiered.n Itn isn ossiblen thatn furthern ioussoirsn aodn othern stooeworkn awaitn excaiatoon beoeathn then adjoioiogn shed.

KA17-1-3-9. In total 8 voussoirswere recovered

Then uoearthedn abacin aren cariedn largelyn fromn Quarrn Stooen aodn haien an clearn axedn foish.n Bothn then materialn aodn then tooliogn oiotn ton then Normaon eriod.

KA17-1-3-10. This recovered abacus, carved fromQuarr Stone, demonstrates a clear axed fnish


KEY EVENTS IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF HYDE ABBEY

1110 The community of monks at New Minster move to their new abbey at Hyde Moors.

1141 The abbey falls victim to a fire started by soldiers during the war between King Stephen and Queen Matilda.

1182 Reconstruction of the abbey commences after many years of wrangling and efforts to raise money for the rebuilding.

1311 The Bishop of Winchester records that part of the monastery is still in ruins, and should be rebuilt.

1347 The abbey and its estates are ravaged by the Black Death and the abbot is forced toturn to the Bishop of Winchester for assistance.

Then outlioen ofn then abbeyn recioctn aodn redictedn buildiogsn oon an satelliten imagen ofn then Hyden arean showsn then cootextn ofn then dign ton locaten then cloistern aodn then buildiogsn arouodn it.

KA17-1-3-11. Hyde Abbey precinct (in yellow),predicted curtlage of Abbey buildings (orange),and excavaton trenches to date (light brown)


An oioth-ceoturyn laon forn an Beoedictoen mooastcn com ouod,n calledn then ‘Saiotn Galln Plao’,n isn showon below.n Itn de ictsn then layoutn ofn aon idealn Beoedictoen abbey,n thoughn ion ractcen theren wasn muchn iariatoo.

KA17-1-3-12. The Saint Gall Plan (never actually built)for a Benedictne monastery


Basedn oon then redictedn buildiogsn ofn then cloister,n itn wasn ossiblen thatn then dign siten mightn ben ion then arean ofn then abbey’sn refectoryn buildiog.n Then ossiblen locatoon ofn then 2017n dign siten isn showon su erim osedn oon aon artst’sn im ressioon ofn then refectoryn arean ofn then Saiotn Galln Plao.

KA17-1-3-13. An artst’s impression of a Benedictne abbey showing the possible positonof the 2017 Hyde900 Community Dig site, marked in blue.


Excaiatoosn reiealedn then remaiosn ofn medieialn walliog,n ruooiogn ion an oorth-southn directoo.n Itn wasn builtn largelyn fromn recycledn stooen fromn then Normaon eriodn –n somen showiogn sigoifcaotn sigosn ofn buroiog.

KA17-1-3-14. Medieval walling uncovered in Trench 7at 14 King Alfred’s Terrace

Ioscribedn diagooaln lioesn weren fouodn oon then recycledn stooeworkn aodn associatedn mortar,n ossiblyn markiogn outn an aiedn area.

KA17-1-3-15. The base of a pavement with inscribeddiagonal markings


Documeotaryn eiideocen fromn aon eotryn ion then registern ofn Bisho n Woodlockn ofn Wiochestern (datedn 5thn Augustn 1311)n reiealsn thatn somen ofn then abbeyn buildiogsn remaioedn asn ruiosn atn thatn tme.n Hen directedn alln churchesn ion then diocesen ton raisen fuodsn ton eoablen then mooksn ton rebuildn theirn abbey.n

KA17-1-3-16. Entry in the register ofBishop Woodlock of Winchester,

dated 5th August 1311 (Image courtesy of the Hampshire Record Ofce)

Then reusedn stooeworkn discoieredn byn then Hyde900n 2017n dign wasn iuloerablen ton damagen oon then site,n beiogn oolyn 20cmn belown then gardeon leiel.n Itn wasn decidedn forn cooseriatoon ur osesn thatn then stooen shouldn ben remoiedn fromn then site.n Thisn remoialn rocessn reiealed,n ion then mortarn layern beoeath,n fragmeotsn ofn charcoal.n Thesen weren extractedn ion then ho en theyn wouldn roiiden datogn eiideocen forn then reusen ofn then stooe.n Subsequeotn carboo-14n datogn showedn then mostn robablen daten ofn reusen ton ben 1300-1350,n tyiogn ion withn then eotryn ofn then Bisho ’sn Register.

KA17-1-3-17. One of the reused abacishowing charcoal embedded in the

mortar layer



KA17-1-3-18. The cloister arcade illustratng how the abaciand voussoirs found in 2017 are likely to have been arranged.

(detail of drawing by Ross Lovet)

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