Problems and Prospects of Tourism: A case study of Namoboudha,Kavre.

Submitted toDepartment of Rural Development

PadmaKanya CollegeBagbazaar, Kathmandu

CHAPTER – 11.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of Study

Nepal is a Federal Democratic Republic country situated in the southern slopes of the

Himalayas. It is located between 26°22’ and 30°27’ North latitude and 80°4’and 88°12’

East longitude. It stretches along area 800 km long and 160 km wide. It lays sand witched

between two Asian Titans. Nepal is flaked in the north by the autonomous Tibetan region

of the people republic of China with whom It shares an international boundary 800km

long. Similarly, in the eastern, southern and western flanks Nepal is bounded by India

with a border 1120km long. The country within its boundary contains the most extensive

and central segments of the Himalayas bastion

Though small in the area it is gifted with the stupendous wealth of natural resources,

cultural and religious site. The constitution of Nepal has declare as the secular state

which indicate the prevalent of varying religion and the state of fair treatment by the

nation. Nepal Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the world. Nepal since

long has stood as one of the most attractive destination in the world with its natural

beauties, cultural, religious and archeological heritage etc and for more.

Kathmandu valley Capital city of Nepal possesses enormous tourism potentialities but

the potentialities has yet not been exploited yet. Nepal in its narrow and compact spatial

frame of 160km northwards, telescopes sharply varying altitudinal diversity. It ranges

from 58 m above sea level as in case of Mushariya located in the eastern wing of

southern plain to the tallest peak Mt. Everest with its 8848m towering height. The

varying ranges, in terms of their distinctly dissimilar physical settings, demonstrate

contrasting topographical difference. This country was merged in to one nation under the

unification camping led by the late king Prithivi Narayan Shah during the middle of the

18th century. Nepal occupies a large part of Himalayas and its foothills. It is roughly

rectangular in shape.

The research is to study about the problem and prospects of tourism in

Namoboudha. It is located at Kavre district of Nepal. It lies at the elevation of 280m in

Kokhajhor Khola to 3018m of Bethanchowk Danda. It is also located between 85024’ to

and 85049’east longitude and 27020’ to 27045’ north latitude. It lies to the eastern part

from Kathmandu and is 21km eastward from Kathmandu. The headquarter of Kavre

district Dulikhel which lies at 30km eastward from Kathmandu. The soil is fertile and is

endowed with rich forest and scenic beauty. Kavre is considered as full of mystery and

intrigue. These often forgotten places are some of our most valuable assets and part of

our beautiful heritage.

The concise Oxford dictionary defines tourism as “Organized touring”. According to

Huniger and Krapf, (1941) defines tourism as the sum total of phenomenon resulting

from the travel and stay of non residents which does not lead to permanent residence and

is not connected with any permanent or temporary activity.

Similarly, Lickorish and Kershaw (1957) defined tourism as all movement of people

outside their community for all purpose except migration or regular daily work. The most

frequent reason for is for holiday, however it also include attending conference and

movement on sporadic or frequent business purposes.

1.2 Characteristics of Tourism

The definition of the tourism as propounded by Huniger and Krapf identifies several

characteristics of tourism;

i) Tourism involves the complex set of interrelationships between people, place

and products.

ii) These interrelationships evolve through the transportations of people to

various destinations outside of their normal place of residence and theid stay

at those places of destinations.

iii) The duration of visit must generally be of short term nature i.e not permanent.

iv) Tourism is essentially the pleasure activity that does not involve earning

related travel activity if the associated income is not earned in the destination,

region or country.

Kavre district consists of three municipality and 87 VDC and 15 illaka. It consists of 4

constituencies for the purpose of election

Namoboudha lies at simalchaur VDC of Kavre district i.e mid southern part of disrtict.

The area of simalchaur VDC 12.19 sq.km and it is at 4 mile distance from district

headquarter. It is the holy site for Buddhist. This site enjoys the holy mela during the

birthday of lord Buddha. There are different myths prevalent in relation to namobuddha

of kavre distrct.

During the ancient period a king named Sinta Chempo ruled the Panauti area of Kavre

district. He had three son. The youngest among them was loyal and true devotee of god.

Once the king and the member of royal family were out fot hunting. After travelling half

of day they reached the dense forest with beautiful flowers and beautiful. They liked this

place very much and decided to stay there but three other prince went further ahead and

find the big den with the sleeping tiger inside the den. Seeing the tiger the two princes

decided to kill the tiger and the youngest prince saw the baby cub with the tiger inside

the den and stopped the killing of tiger and he decided to stay with the tiger as the cub

were newly born the mother tiger was very weak. He tried his best to feed the mother

tiger. He tried many attempt to feed the mother tiger but at last he took out some flesh

and fresh blood from his own body and feed the tiger. The other two princes were

worried about the youngest prince and went to search him but find the bone and clothes

worn by the prince. The youngest prince save the life of mother tiger and her cub by

feeding himself to the mother tiger. Listening this event the king and the queen became

very mentally disturbed. The remnant of the youngest prince ie clothe and bone was

packed in the clothes and buried there made there the stupa. This stupa is named as

Namobouddha now a days. It is right place for the travelling as it is near to Kathmandu,

the pleasing weather, historical significance with religious and cultural values. With the

growing travelling fad this site and Kavre district can be the best destination for the

people living in capital city Kathamndu

As concerned about site is linked with the tourism, It provides multifaceted

opportunities and potential for the promotion of tourism. Religious and cultural site are

the most attractive destination for the tourist as they provide calm, green, pleasant and

enchanting refreshment. With the growing fad of visiting the religious sites nearby

Kathmandu in our locality can the best option.

.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Historical site like Namobouddha do really contribute the tourism industry in

Nepal. Few examples to cite, Durbarsquare of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur

and Changunarayan of Kathmandu and Bhaktapur respectively besides this there’s a

lot of local destination in different part of Nepal which has the enough potentialities

but the prospects and problems are not in documented form in Nepal. If the

relationship or the degree of co relationship between such destination and tourism is

established we can once regain red in the tourism industry which contributes

constructively for the upliftment of the status of the host community. The potentiality

of the tourism is yet to be explored in the Nepalese context in general and kavre in a

particular. Visiting provides the emotional, psychic and mental refreshment for the

visitors. So the trend of the visiting needs to be flourished in the systematic way.

Even the governing agencies in the tourism lack the actual information for the

tourism so the policy, plan, strategy are always at the deficit in regard to the tourism

at local level. Furthermore Namobaudha due to its strategic significance the influx of

visitors all over the year can be considered as being high.

1.3 Objective of Study

The study aims to seek the problem and prospects of tourism at Kavre district.

Applied as well as theoretical knowledge can be derived from the study conducted in

Namobauddha. The ultimate findings from the research can be basis for the further in

depth study in the topic. The study is proposed with the objective to shed the light in the

tourism and the available destination at local level in the Namobauddha of simalchaur

VDC of Kavre District and to suggest further.

The objective of the study is listed below

1. To identify the prospects of tourism like (cultural, pilgrimage, ecotourism) and

problem of tourism in Namoboudha of Kavre district.

2. To provide the suggestions and recommendations for further improvement.

3. To analyze the threats in Namobauddha Stupa which are likely to hinder the flow

of tourists.

Researcher seeks to achieve those objectives by looking for the following research

question:

i) What is the present condition of the tourism and situation of the Namobaudha

Stupa?

ii) What roles had local community played in managing the religious site

resources to link it up with the tourism?

iii) What types of relationship exists between structural, situational, interactional

and compositional factors at local level?

iv) What is the overall influence of various structural, situational, interactional

and compositional factors on benefits sharing?

1.4 Rational of Study

Tourism plays the important role in Balance of payment in nation context. It is

ever changing but never ending business. It creates the multiplier effect in the

society. Contribution of tourism at local level is really appreciative in terms of

economic affair. It also generates direct and indirect employment opportunities.

Therefore there is need to study, analyze and explore the inherent potential. The

unstable government, lack of clear cut policy for tourism promotion at local level,

vacant local institution, poor infrastructure less connectivity can be the hindrance

factors for tourism promotion. In the context of Kavre district there seems the enough

prospects of tourism development but the problem and hindrances are affecting the

promotion

Further the conclusion so obtained ease the policy makers to fill the gap to linkup the

tourism in rural setting like Namobaudha. Finding from the study motivates the local

stakeholders in Kavre for the further management of such destination in this locality.

Even the governing agencies do lack the relevant information about such attraction

and destination. The study aims to interlink the destination in economic and social

impact and too identify the potential threat to the touristic destination of Kavre

district ie Namobouddha. Further it is expected to be very significant for the

researcher interested in this topic.

1.5 Significance of Study

The study is expected to be of huge significance in Kavre district which study has

not been conducted in the documented format till date. Further the final report eases the

DDC personnel to frame the better plan for the management of touristic destination

which can be the source of revenue for District Development Committee and Village

Development Committee as well. Further the report tries to bridge the policy gap in local

level to link such the site to the tourist destination and the promotion of tourism.

1.6 Limitation of Study

Every research possesses its own limitation and purposes. The limitations of the study

is as stated.

The topic of present study will be limited to tourism in Namoboudha of

Kavre district: prospects and problem.

The study will concentrate only on the nearby HH of Namobauddha Stupa of

the Simalchaur VDC.

The study is expected to be very specific and won’t cover the entire aspect

because of time and resource constraints.

The research report is too conditioned by remoteness, geographically

complexities and other hindrances too the fuel crunch recently in Nepal

required by the researcher.

The research report is too constraint by the Tibetan refugee response staying

nearby stupa because they may not reveal the exactness because of their

ideological alignment.

UNIT – IILITERATURE REVIEW

2.1Theoretical Review

The study will be reviewed from ecological point of view 2.1.1 Ecological approach

Earnest Haekel (1834-1919) Ecology is the study of reciprocal relation between organism and their environment.Ogbourn and Nimcoff defined that Ecology is the study of relationship of organism to their environment. Human ecology is a branch of general ecology, but is concerned with the relation of human organism to their environment. this field is very broad but human been concerned particularly with the problem of man's spatial arrangements and their learning on his social life.

According to Collins dictionary of Sociology : Ecology is the study of interactive relation between living things and their environment.Staphen k. Sanderson ; Ecology includes the totality of the physical environment to which human must adopt. In strict sense ecology is not a part of socio-cultural system. It is the external environment to which socio-cultural system must adjust.

The concept of cultural ecology holds that environment is the principle part of people’s cultural system in terms of subsistence, resources, belief, system, ideology. Adaptation is both a response to niche specificity (eg Plant species) as well as human response in management strategy to the opportunities that the environment offers. An important corollary to the existence of diversity and niche is the reality of localized, and therefore limited abundance. The existence of scarcity rherefore within the diversity has led to the formation of important management strategies by communities (ICIMOD:1994, 84-86).

The idea of cultural ecology as propounded by J. steward opine that the culture of human being is defined by the ecology. The ecology has the prime role in defining the way of living of the individual which includes knowledge, belief, arts, moral, law and other capabilities acquired by human being as a member of society.

Rappaport’s model show that both cultural and environmental system should be viewed as two side s of the coin or part of the same system not in isolation.

Basic concept on the interdependence between social organization and environment can be studied under the following points:

Adaptation is the major process of cultural change. The analysis of socio cultural environmental adaptation serves to uncover

variable which explain the origin of particular cultural features or structures in similar environmental conditions.

There is the functional relationship between the culture ingredients, but the degree and kind of it among the parts are not equal.

The functional relationship of relevant environmental factors cause certain organizational relationship which in term give rise to another aspect of culture and

Both culture and environment are usually conceivedAnd thus the foci of study are the equilibrium plateau of socio cultural

environmental system.

Societal way of living an individual is determined by the ecology and the factors

of ecosystem. Accordingly the people of different regions are defined. The people

living in such places where the such heritage are found and upon the mobilization of

these resources the living standard enhances. This research report also aims to link

up the rural livelihood and the available heritage at Namobauddha by analyzing the

prospects and problem. Had there been no such valuable heritage and resources the

study wouldn’t have been compatible with the cultural ecological Model by

analyzing the prospects and problem. The research mostly aims to link the

productive resources and heritage with the livelihood.

2.2 Review of Previous Study Till date there has not been the study about the problem and prospects of tourism

in Namobaudha of Kavre district however just we can conclude that kavre in

general and Namoboauddha in particular possesses the huge potentialities for the

tourism and too problem exists. The study (Neupane, 2011) for his Master’s thesis

about the problem and prospects of tourism in Nepal had reveal that she possesses

the enough potentialities for eco-tourism, Nature tourism, Adventure tourism,

Village tourism, Rural tourism, cultural tourism, pligramage tourism, domestic

tourism. He further opine the potentialities can be reap better only when there is

political stability, clear cut policy at central level and local level, effective

coordination among the organ of government, proper infrastructure, connectivity and

the genuine commitment on behalf of government.

(Lamsal,2008) Pleasing weather, Scenic attraction, Historical and cultural factors,

Amenities, Accessibility, Accommodation are the basic requisite for the promotion

of tourism in the particular area availability of such facilities ensures the flow of

tourism.

Tourism potentially offer national, regional and local economic benefits similarly

those of other type of tourism activity. Full economic potential at different scale of

economy is yet to be sustained by specific studies (Ziffer, 1989)

It is claimed that direct economic benefits are as follows:

a. Additional foreign exchange earnings

b. Economic development, diversification and long term stability, particularly

in regional areas.

c. The distribution of income directly into regional and local economies through

demended for local goods and services.

d. The generation of income for the conservation and management valueable

assets.

e. Additional skilled employemt opportunities by utilizing local knowledge and

facilities and

f. Local infrastructure development.

2.3 Policy Review If we look at the history of tourism, it was started from Europe in 19 th century. It

was develop as industry after 1857 in Europe. But after the development of air

transportation as well as railway service, the international tourism has also flourished. In

the present most of the developed countries of the world has the domestic tourism as the

main source of the income for the host community. Domestic tourism seems to be more

affordable for middle and the low class people. Nepal has highly promoted the domestic

tourism after the 8th national plan. The “Visit Nepal Year 1998” has brought great

inducement for the development of internal or domestic tourism. Lately many fairs and

festival are being organized in different places with the motive to promote and gear up

the traveling fad.

The various activities initiated by Nepal Government for the promotion of Tourism in

general and domestic tourism in particular during its planned period can be highlighted

as:

It was only in 1951 that Nepal allowed tourist to enter. Tourism has received some

priority in all the periodic plans:

In the first (1956-61), a tourism development Board was formed under the department of

industry in 1956, and subsequently, a Department of tourism was established in1957.

In the third plan (1965-70), the government formed policies dealing with the conservation

of temples and storical sites.

In the fourth plan(1970-75), programs were fixed to be implemented by the Department

of Tourism such as the extension of information centers and training and entertainment,

among other.”Nepal Tourist Development Committee was formed in 1971 under the

chairperson of Himalayan Bir Bikram Shah.

In 1972, the government hired a group of specialist in collaboration with Germany to

prepare a master plan for Tourism Development in Nepal. As the result, Hotel

Management and tourism Management Center emerged to instruct required manpower in

travel and hotel.

Nepal Tourism Master plan 1972 supplied the first benchmark to access policy evaluation

and program performance in tourism. The plan main concept was a decentralized pattern

of tourism development to spread and produce economic impulses in the region as well as

to encourage longer tourist stay in the country.

It bolstered a regional pace of development so as to counter against the price rises (owing

to deficiencies in the domestic supply sector) and repugnant sociological outcomes.

The fifth plan (1975-80) and sixth plan (1980-85) ventured to focus on the master plan

approach of maximizing foreign exchange, employment generation and regional

development.

In 1982, the Ministry of tourism released National Tourism Promotion Committee report

that outlined five objectives and thirteen supporting modalities.

The policies outlined were;

a. Increase in the number of tourist and the period of stay

b. Facilitation of regional development through opening new destination; (c)

concentrating on natural and cultural attractions to develop tourism;

c. Maximum retention on earning of foreign exchange; and

d. Promotion of agricultural and industrial products required by the tourism sector and

increased employment through tourism.

The report set down ninety recommendations to be accomplished by the end of sixth plan

1984/85. However less then one third of the recommendations were implemented.

Nepal Tourism Master Plan Review, 1984 undertaken by German experts found the

growth in tourism was less than the outcome of purposive planning of the natural

commercial form. The review proposed more government intervention to direct tourism,

including a five year moratorium on further hotel investment in Katmandu.

The policy package incorporated a system for incentives and control in the industry,

regional, priorities, market promotion and training and coordination. The action plan

focused on removing existing constraints, improving product quality, marketing, and

improvement in the Ministry of tourism Capabilities institutionally, administratively and

technically.

The seventh plan (1985-90) outlines seven fold policies namely,

a. to extend promotion in tourism prospects area,

b) to make efficient taxes related to tourism thereby increasing tourists,

c. to promote public and private sector investment in tourist related facilities.

d. to promote mountaineering tourism,

e. to attract tourist particularly from Asia,

f. to improve service such as airports, hotels and internal flights and

g. to preserve cultural, religious and historical heritage.

The Ministry of Tourism formulated a tourism development policy and work plan in

1987. The report classified abundant problems like lack of coordination, lack of

professionalism in tourism administration, lack of law enforcement, over concentrated

and lack of domestic transport network

It also highlighted 22 policies and 24 strategy agenda. It also proposed a set of liberal

facilities related with income tax, sales tax, custom duty to encourage the private sector.

However most of the fiscal facilities have not been granted.

The eight plan (1992/93-1996/97) outlined five objectives and fourteen policies with

regard to tourism. It estimated the sector to earn more than US$72 million in the first year

and US$137 million by the final year of the plan. However the target was not realized.

The ninth plan (1992/98-2001/02), the following long term objectives were underscored:

(a) To promote tourism sector as the vital area of overall economic growth,

(b) to implant Nepal as the boon destination on the global tourism map, and

(c) To percolate the gains of tourism down to the local level.

To meet the objectives, seven strategies were put forward.

The tenth plan highlights the following the following objectives, namely

(a) Sustainable growth and qualitative advancement of the tourism sector,

(b) protection of archival, artistic and spiritual heritage and augmenting their pragmatic

employment, and

(c) To furnish air transportation services readily attainable, safe and dependable

There were five strategies related to objective one, two strategies related to objective two

and three strategies related to objective three. Nepal during her interim period has also

ranked the tourism sector as the high priority area but the overall focuses of the plan has

been laid mostly in 3R Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of the damaged

infrastructure during twelve years long conflict. Source: The Katmandu Post, 8th

February 2007

The governing agency in the tourism field i.e. Nepal Tourism Board has the prime role to

identify the potential tourism destinations and its flourishment which is the blended

organization of the private and public partnership.

Nepal Tourism Board Act 2053 BS has limited the roles of NTB as stated below:

- To develop and introduce Nepal as an attractive tourist destination in the international

market.

- To promote tourism industry in the country while working for the conservation of

natural environment and cultural resources.

- To work towards increasing GDP and foreign exchange income by means of

promoting tourism industry.

- To work towards the increasing GDP and foreign exchange income by the means of

promoting tourism industry.

- To work towards increasing the employment opportunities in tourism sector.

- To develop Nepal as secure dependable as well as attractive travel destination by

establishing the respected image of Nepal.

- To work towards providing quality service to the tourist visiting Nepal.

- To study the bottlenecks against the same by means of conducting research and

getting implemented the reslt so as to overcome the bottlenecks.

- To promote and develop institutions for the promotion of tourism industry.

Major activities under the tourism sector during the fiscal year 2012/13 as stated in

Economic Survey 2012/13

a) Tourism Master Plan: In an effort to give clear direction to the tourism sector,

preparation of an integrated tourism master plan, and review and timely revisit of

tourism policy are at the final stage.

b) Three year plan: A three year plan has been prepared for the tourism sector and has

been sent to the national planning commission for the approval.

c) Foreign Investment in the tourism Sector: Investment in travel, trekking, rafting and

pony trekking business has been open for foreigners, in the line with the policy of

promoting the foreign investment in the tourism.

d) Travel and Trekking Agency, Regulations, 2062 BS: Amended to the travel and

trekking Agency Regulation, 2062 BS has amended the provision with respect to the

paid up capital and extended by one year the period of the bank guarantee to be

placed in the name of Ministry.

e) Water Journey regulation, 2063 BS: This regulation is already in effect.

f) Airport Construction and Improvement: Dhangadi airport in the far western

Development Region has been improved as the hub airport. Construction works under

the first phase, which include extension of 1.2 km runway, taxiway, improvement of

apron and blacktopping, have been completed for which people participation was also

mobilized. The international airport in Pokhara and Lumbini are under the final stage

of initiation.

g) Conservation of world heritage: In order to conserve and protect important sites of

the world heritage, details of the houses located within the protected area have been

compiled and the mapping works of the road turns have also been completed.

h) Special training: A special training program in the hotel and the tourism discipline

was conducted targeting the conflict affected dalits, indigenous people and

disadvantaged women. This training is provided to help reduce poverty through

availing foreign as well as employment opportunities.

i) Tourism Promotion Program: Tourism promotion program are being implemented in

the tourism potential countries particularly focusing India and China, and in other

countries like Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh.

j) Visit Tourism Year- 2012 has been celebrated to attract more tourists and restore

image that was damage by the conflict before the historical peace accord was signed.

2.4 Conceptual Review While talking about tourism, the term tourism, travel and touristy is necessary to

define. The term is defined as “tourism is the business activity connected with providing

accommodation, services and entertainment for people who are visiting for pleasure.

Tourist is defined as aperson who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure,

Touristy is attracting goods designed to attract a lot of tourist and travel means visiting

one place to another to fulfill some purposes( Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of

Current English 7th edition by A.S. Hornby). Tourism is affected by two economic,

cultural, political aspect of any state. It has three major bases: Transport, Locale, and

Accommodation including lodging, fooding, facilities modern technology and

recereation.

According to Thomas Cook (1860), motivation for travel includes: religions,

nature and culture like heritage, art, culture, songs and music and to meet family. He

further classified the travel motivation into four categories: Physical motivation like rest,

treatment, sport, interpersonal motivation like meeting relatives, friends and to make pen

friens, status, prestige motivations like study, business and conference and cultural

motivation.

The concise Oxford dictionary defines tourism as “organized touring”.

The conceptual definition of tourism is given by Huniger and Krapf they define it as the

sum total of phenomenon resulting from the travel and stay of non residents in so far it

does not lead to permanent residence and is not connected with any permanent or

temporary activity. This definition was adopted by the Association International d’

Experts Scientifique du tourism (AIEST) and gained wide acceptance. (Bhatta,

2000.p.27)

UNIT – IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Population Namobauddha stupa lies at the simalchaur VDC.The household near the

Namobauddha engaged in tourism activities are considered as the population of the entire

study. The area of Simalchaur VDC is 12.19 sq.km. the number of total voters of the

VDC is 2270 with 1123 male and 1147 female voters. The prefeasibility study conducted

by the researcher indicates the presence of 40 HH around the Namobauddha stupa.

3.2 Sample Size and TechniqueAmong 40 HH around the Namobauuddha Stupa 10 HH will be selected on the

random basis so that they represent the entire population. Simple random sampling

techniques has been followed by the researcher to select the sample and ten HH will be

administered the prepared questionnaire and schedule.

3.3 Research DesignThe research design will be descriptive as well as exploratory designs and it will

focus its attention on the exploration of facts related to the Tourism of Namobauddha

stupa of simalchaur VDC. The research will assess the trends that are developing,

process that are going on and the effects that are evident about the tourism in

Namobauddha.

3.4 Nature of DataOn the basis of nature both the qualitative and quantitative data will be used in

this study. And on the basis of source primary and secondary data sources will be used.

Data will be collected from the questionnaire, interview, and observation. Secondary

data will be collected from the district development committee Kavre respective VDC,

CBS population census record, District profile other published and unpublished book

reports, newspaper, manual etc

3.4.1 Qualitative and Quantitative The data that can be quantified are called qualitative data, or the data that can be

numerically expressed is called quantitative data. In this proposed research data like

number of visitor, expenditure made by the visitor etc. will be considered as the

quantitative data.

The data that cannot be expressed numerically is called qualitative data these sorts

of data can’t be quantified. The extend or the magnitude can be stated. The fear or favour

of tourism in Namobaudha in this research will be considered as qualitative data.

3.4.2 Primary and Secondary Data Primary Data will be collected by the researcher herself by travelling to the

research site by her own initiation the questionnaire, interview, and observation will be

the tools for the collection of primary data.

Secondary data were collected from the district development committee Kavre

respective V.D.C. , C.B.S. population census record, District profile other published and

unpublished book reports, newspaper, manual etc

3.5 Tools and Techniques for Data collection The data will be collected through the following different techniques and tools

such as observation, household survey, interview, questionnaire and. These tools and

techniques to collect the primary data are mentioned here:

3.5.1 Observation

Since the overall objective of the present study is to link the tourist flow in

Namoboudha and to identify the problem, prospects and threat encountered by the stupa

so observation is the main tools to acquire the information, visiting the site observing the

flow of tourist and collecting the necessary information remains the business of the

researchers moreover analyzing the threat encountered by the stupa and too the prospects

are analyzed. The observation was conducted by using observation guidelines.

3.5.2 Household Survey

Travelling to the nearby HH the researcher will chat the flow of tourist in and discuss

the problem and prospects as well, the benefits had by the local people upon the arrival of

tourist and the change encountered with the passage of time such as socio-economic,

demographic structure, educational status, occupational distribution.

3.5.3 Interview

To have the reliable data the visitors will be interviewed, five visitors per day for

the five days long were interviewed to study their turn out rate, and to access the problem

and prospects according to the objective predestined. This type of data helps the

researcher to identify the real problems and prospect of the Namoboudha stupa and to

analyze its threat encountered.

3.5.4 Questionnaire

It is considered as the effective tools for the collection of data. Open and Closed-

ended structured questionnaire, schedule were used to collect the required data.

Quantitative as well as qualitative data were gathered through the questionnaire.

3.6 Analysis of Data

Simple statistical will be used for the analysis of the data had from the field these

tools include presentation through the pie chart, line graph and the bar graph.

Furthermore the calculation of average will be common through the paper. Respondents

opinion are express in percent which ease the reader to have the concept shortly. Analysis

of the data is also done in qualitative way so depict the characteristics which are likely to

bring about the successful flow of the tourist in general and domestic tourism in

particular.

4. Budget The total cost proposed for this study has been presented in table given below:

S.N. Description Day Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs)

1 Daily Allowances for researcher 2015000 30,000.00

2 Daily Allowances for Field Assistant

25 150.00 3,750.00

3 Traveling Expenses LS 4,000.004 Stationary cost, typing, printing,

binding, photocopy etcLS 4,000.00

5 Presentation Cost LS 1,000.00

Sub Total 42,750.00

Contingency @ 5% of sub total 2,137.50

Grand Total 44,887.00

In words. Forty four Thousand eight hundred and eighty seven only

5. Time Schedule The study will be completed in five-months immediately after the date of

commencement in Mangsir 2072.

S.N. Activities Months

1 2 3 4 5

1. Proposal and literature review

2. Reconnaissance survey

3. Data collection

4. Analysis of data

5. Report writing, presentation and Submission

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Bhatta (2002). Tourism and Environment: A Quest for sustainability. New York; Indus

Publishing Company

Economic Survey, 20012/13, Ministry of Finance Government of Nepal

Kothari, C.R. (1989), Research Methodology, Method and Technology, Wiley

Eastern Pvt., New Delhi.

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