Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 1

October 2015

OPERATION

Section 2. Operation

1. GENERAL

NOTE: FOR EMERGENCY OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS REFER TO CHAPTER 1, SECTION 3.

This section contains instructions for operation of the B350. A discussion of the principles of operationis given to aid in understanding vehicle operation.

The operator must use approved procedures for approaching, attaching to, towing, pushing, anddeparting from aircraft. These procedures should be approved by the airline, the local aviation authority,and based on the recommendations of the aircraft manufacturer.

WARNING

BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE OR MAINTAIN THE VEHICLE, COMPLETELY READ ANDUNDERSTAND THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL, INCLUDING ALL DANGER,WARNING AND CAUTION STATEMENTS.

2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Before operating the vehicle, the operator should read this manual and become completely familiarized with the vehicle.

• Learn how the vehicle is operated. Know the location and function of all controls and switches, gauges and indicators, and warning and safety devices before operating the vehicle.

• Always perform the daily maintenance checks. If you detect any problem during the daily inspection, DO NOT operate the vehicle until the problem is corrected. Proper maintenance is necessary to ensure the maximum performance of your vehicle.

• Follow the correct starting, warm-up, operating, stopping and parking procedures. Remember, it only takes one unsafe action to cause an accident that could result in damage, injury or death. Follow safety rules and regulations for building a safe working environment.

• Never tamper with any safety device. These safety devices are equipped to protect the operator and passengers. These safety devices include audio warning alarms, inhibit protection features, indicator warning lights, etc.

WARNING

AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH SHIFT ENSURE THAT ALL SCHEDULED SERVICES HAVE BEENPERFORMED, INCLUDING VERIFICATION OF TIRE CONDITION, FUEL AND FLUID LEVELS,AND OVERALL CHECK FOR LOOSE OR MISSING HARDWARE AND GENERAL CONDITION OFTHE VEHICLE.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 2October 2015

WARNING

APPLY THE PARKING BRAKE AND TURN OFF THE IGNITION SWITCH BEFORE LEAVING THEVEHICLE UNATTENDED.

WARNING

AN OBSERVER ON THE GROUND SHOULD BE USED TO AID THE OPERATOR WHEN DRIVINGTHE VEHICLE IN REVERSE.

3. OPERATOR’S CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS

The vehicle operating controls are located within the operator’s cab. Procedures using the equipmentare covered in OPERATION PROCEDURES within this section.

Refer to Chapter 1, Section 4, Specifications for operation range, fuel type, capacities, and equipmentinformation. Also, refer to Chapter 2, Section 4, Maintenance Specifications for recommended hydraulicoil, lubricants, and mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical settings.

A. DRIVER’S CAB OPERATING CONTROLS

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 1.

(1) Dashboard Panel

This panel contains controls, instruments, and indicators. Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3.

(2) Steering Wheel

Rotating the steering wheel clockwise turns the vehicle to the right, and rotating thesteering wheel counterclockwise turns the vehicle to the left.

(3) USB Charging Outlet

Dual 5-volt DC USB 2.0 charging connectors (female).

(4) Turn Signal, Horn, and High Beam Lever Switch

Lever is mounted to the right of the steering column. Refer to Figure 4.

(5) Accelerator Pedal

Mounted to the right of the driver’s console. Depressing or releasing the pedal increasesor decreases speed of the power unit through electrical actuation.

(6) Service Brake Pedal

Depressing the brake pedal regulates hydraulic pressure through the brake control valvefrom the hydraulic accumulators to provide braking force to stop the vehicle.

(7) Parking Brake Foot Pedal and Pull Handle

The parking brake is foot actuated. Depress the foot pedal to apply the parking brake, andpull the handle to disengage it. The parking brake warning light in the instruments andcontrol panel will illuminate whenever the parking brake is applied.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 3

October 2015

OPERATION

Attempting to select a gear other than Neutral while the parking brake is applied will resultin an audible alarm.

(8) Direction of Travel and Transmission Gear Selector

Mounted to the left side of the steering column. Refer to Figure 4.

Figure 1DRIVER’S CONSOLE

B. OTHER CONTROLS AND DEVICES

(1) Seat Adjustment Levers - Pull-lever located under the front of the seat adjusts the seatforward and backward. Releasing the lever will lock the seat into position.

(2) Drive-in-reverse Audible Alarm - Actuates when the transmission shift lever is placed inreverse gear. The alarm alerts that the vehicle is moving backwards.

(3) Transmission Shift Lever Interlocks - Refer to ’E. COLUMN GEAR SHIFT AND LIGHTSLEVER SWITCHES’.

(a) Neutral Safety Switch - The safety switch prevents starting the engine unless thelever is in the “N” (neutral) position. The transmission can be shifted from forward orreverse to neutral, but cannot be shifted from one direction of travel to anotherwithout coming to a complete stop.

NOTE: THE ENGINE WILL NOT START IF THE SHIFT LEVER IS NOT IN NEUTRAL POSITION.

(b) Parking Brake Inhibit Protection - Prevents the transmission clutches from engagingwhen the parking brake is applied. An audio warning indicates the condition.

NF

R

1

8

6

2

4

5

7

3

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 4October 2015

C. DASHBOARD PANEL

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 2.

(1) Emergency Stop Push-button Switch

Shuts down the vehicle when depressed. Ensure the emergency stop is in the out positionbefore starting the vehicle, otherwise it will not start.

(2) Engine Gauge Display (Optional)

Refer to System Overview in Chapter 2, Section 2 for functions, navigation and additionalinformation.

(3) Hazard Lights Switch

Two-position switch OFF / ON to turn ON both left and right, front and rear signal lights.

(4) Instruments and Indicators Cluster

Refer to Figure 3.

(5) Hitch Work Light Switch (Optional)

Three-position switch ON / OFF / ON to activate front and rear work lights.

(6) Panel Illumination Dim Switch

Dimmer switch to reduce brightness on the dashboard and instruments cluster.

(7) Four-wheel Drive Switch

Two-position switch OFF / Momentary ON to request engagement of four-wheel drivemode. The request can be only made when the vehicle is stationary. The temporary 4WDmode will automatically disengage when driving above 16 km/h (10 mph).

When in the OFF position the vehicle will operate in two-wheel drive mode (rear wheelsonly).

(8) Steer Mode Selector Switch (Optional)

Refer to Figure 5.

(9) Ignition Switch

Three-position switch OFF / Ignition ON / STARTER. A key ignition switch is available asan option.

(10) Auto Lube System Push-button Switch (Optional)

Activates system to lubricate pivot points in steering axles.

(11) Beacon Switch (Optional)

Two-position switch OFF / ON to activate strobe or rotational beacon.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 5

October 2015

OPERATION

(12) Hourmeter Gauge

Indicates the accumulated number of hours the engine has been running. Refer toChapter 2, Section 3, Preventative Maintenance, for Maintenance Schedules.

(13) Emergency Override Switch

Two-position switch NORMAL / Momentary ON. Push and hold during emergency tooverride non-critical shutdowns, allowing limited functionality of the equipment. This switchallows the operator to move the machine to a safe location before calling maintenancepersonnel. Refer to Emergency Procedures in Chapter 1, Section 3.

Figure 2DASHBOARD PANEL

23

912

1

46 7

8

11

5

1013

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 6October 2015

D. INSTRUMENTS AND INDICATORS CLUSTER

NOTE: STOP THE VEHICLE AND ENGINE IMMEDIATELY IF ANY OF THE RED WARNINGINDICATORS REMAINS ON FOR MORE THAN 10 SECONDS. NOTIFY MAINTENANCEPERSONNEL. REFER TO FIGURE 3.

(1) Left turn signal indicator (GREEN)

(2) Control System Fault Indicator (RED)

Indicator related to a system fault or warning not covered by any of the indicators (4)through (12). The indicator is typically associated with a control’s system fault such as lossof communication with one of the controllers, or a switch or relay not working properly.

(3) Not used

(4) Check engine warning indicator (AMBER)

(5) Engine fault indicator (RED)

(6) Wait-to-start indicator (AMBER)

(7) High beam indicator (BLUE)

(8) Alternator not-charging indicator (RED)

(9) Parking Brake Indicator (RED)

Illuminates when applied.

(10) Brake fault indicator (RED)

(11) Hydraulic fault indicator (RED)

(12) Transmission warning and fault indicator (AMBER)

(13) Right turn signal indicator (GREEN)

(14) Gear Position Indicators

Indicator lights for “R” (Reverse), “N” (Neutral), “F” (Forward), “4” (4th gear), “3” (3rd gear),“2” (2nd gear), and “1” (1st gear).

(15) Fuel Level Gauge

Indicates the fuel level in the fuel tank with markers at 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and full. The fuel levelshould be full at the beginning of each day.

(16) Low Fuel Level Warning LED Indicator (RED)

Illuminates when fuel level lowers at 1/8 of the tank capacity.

(17) Set button to select parameters (LCD message display).

(18) Mode button for accessing parameters (LCD message display).

(19) LCD Message Display

Information is displayed using ‘Set’ and ‘Mode’ buttons. It includes total and trip odometer,engine hourmeter, vehicle data and warning messages, and automatic and manual testmenus.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 7

October 2015

OPERATION

(20) Speedometer Gauge

Indicates vehicle speed.

(21) Transmission High Temperature Warning LED Indicator (RED)

Illuminates when reaching the temperature of 220 ºF (104 ºC).

(22) Transmission Temperature Gauge

Indicates operating temperature.

Figure 3INSTRUMENTS AND INDICATORS CLUSTER

R N F 4 3 2 1

SetMode

mphkm/h

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13

14

15

17

7

182019

22

1621

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 8October 2015

E. COLUMN GEAR SHIFT AND LIGHTS LEVER SWITCHES

The vehicle is equipped with a multi-function lever mounted to the steering column.

(1) Gear Shift Lever (Left Side)

Selects direction of travel forward or reverse, and shift gears. Rotate counterclockwise(CCW) to shift gear UP, and clockwise (CW) to shift gears DOWN. Shifting into fourth (4th)gear sets the vehicle in full automatic shifting. The transmission provides only three gearswhile driving in reverse.

The transmission lever must be in neutral for the engine starter to engage.

(2) Lights Lever Switch (Right Side)

Selects turn signals left or right, actuates the horn, and controls parking and headlights.Rotate counterclockwise (CCW) to turn ON parking lights and headlights, and clockwise(CW) to turn lights OFF.

Figure 4COLUMN GEAR SHIFT AND LIGHTS LEVER SWITCHES

NF

R

VIEW FROM LOWER SIDE

VIEW FROM ABOVE

PULL - FLASH HIGH BEAM LIGHTS

PUSH DOWN -HIGH BEAM LIGHTS

PUSH IN - SOUND HORN

LIFT - SELECT DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

STAYS DOWNIN NEUTRAL

PUSH - LEFT TURN

PULL - RIGHT TURN

PUSH - FORWARD DIRECTION

PULL - DRIVEIN REVERSE

ROTATE -PARKING ANDHEADLIGHTSROTATE - SHIFT

GEARS

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 9

October 2015

OPERATION

F. FOUR-WHEEL STEER CONTROL (OPTIONAL)

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 5, AND ’F. STEERING MODES (OPTIONAL)’ WITHIN’4. OPERATION PROCEDURES’ IN THIS SECTION.

Steering Mode Selector Switch - The all-wheel steering system includes a three-positionsteering mode selector push-in switch, which is located on the dash panel. An audio warningalarm sounds to indicate the steering mode selector switch is in crab steer mode.

Green indicator lights on the switch are associated with each steer mode. The correspondingindicator light illuminates steady for the active steering mode. When another steering mode isselected, the indicator light will flash signaling the new mode has been selected and will becomesteady once the new mode is engaged when the wheels return to straight. The previous steermode indicator light will then be turned OFF.

(1) Front Steer Mode (Standard)

This selection locks the rear axle in the centered position and allows front axle steering in aconventional manner only. This mode is recommended for high speed and long distancedriving.

(2) Coordinated Steer Mode

This steering mode is also referred to as “Four-wheel Steer Mode”. This steer mode willengage when all wheels are placed in a straight-ahead direction. This mode allows theoperator to maneuver the vehicle in tightly-enclosed working situations. This mode shouldnot be used for high speed driving.

(3) Crab Steer Mode

This steer mode is accompanied by an audible alarm warning the operator to be extravigilant. The alarm is activated only by the switch position, but this steer mode will engagewhen all wheels are placed in a straight-ahead direction. This mode allows to make smallaccurate steer correction in tug position over short distances.

Figure 5STEER MODE SELECTOR SWITCH (OPTIONAL)

3

2

1

NOTE: PUSH THE SWITCHAND ROTATE TO ANEW STEER MODE.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 10October 2015

G. CAB OVERHEAD PANEL (OPTIONAL WITH ENCLOSED CAB)

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 6.

The operation of windshield wipers are controlled from the overhead panel, centrally locatedabove the front windshield. Two and three-position switches operate wipers and washers

(1) Windshield Wiper

Three-position switch OFF / SLOW / FAST.

(2) Windshield Washer

Two-position switch OFF / Momentary ON.

(3) Rear Window Wiper

Three-position switch OFF / SLOW / FAST.

(4) Rear Window Washer

Two-position switch OFF / Momentary ON.

(5) Rear Window Defroster (Optional with enclosed cab)

Two-position switch OFF / ON to activate defroster grid. A timer in the circuit willautomatically turn OFF the defroster after 10 minutes.

Figure 6CAB OVERHEAD PANEL CONTROLS

1 2 3 4 5

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 11

October 2015

OPERATION

H. DRIVER’S CAB HEATER AND AIR CONTROL PANEL (OPTIONAL WITH ENCLOSED CAB)

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 7.

(1) Ventilator Fan Switch

Four-position rotary switch OFF / LOW / (MEDIUM) / HIGH.

(2) Heater Switch

Rotational switch to select air temperature from heater.

(3) Air Conditioner Switch (Optional with enclosed cab)

Two-position switch OFF / ON.

Figure 7DRIVER’S CAB HEATER AND AIR CONTROLS

TEMP

HEAT OFF

A/C ON

COOL LO

OFF

HI

1 2 3

ON

OFF

A/C

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 12October 2015

4. OPERATION PROCEDURES

WARNING

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO OPERATE THE VEHICLE WITHOUT BEING PROPERLY TRAINED INOPERATION AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

WARNING

DO NOT OPERATE EQUIPMENT WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS, ALCOHOL ORMEDICATION THAT MAY PREVENT FULL ABILITY TO CONTROL THE VEHICLE.

WARNING

FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE PROCEDURES AND REGULATIONS FOR OPERATING IN THEAIRPORT AND FOR HANDLING AIRCRAFT.

WARNING

BEFORE STARTING THE VEHICLE, ENSURE ALL PERSONS AND OBJECTS ARE CLEAR OFTHE VEHICLE, AND ALL COMPARTMENT DOORS ARE CLOSED AND SECURED. TIRES ANDWHEELS CAN MOVE WITHOUT WARNING AND CRUSH PERSONS.

NOTE: AT BEGINNING OF EACH SHIFT, ENSURE THAT ALL SCHEDULED SERVICES HAVEBEEN PERFORMED INCLUDING CHECK OF TIRE CONDITION, FUEL AND FLUIDLEVELS, AND OVERALL CHECK FOR LOOSE OR MISSING HARDWARE ANDGENERAL CONDITION OF THE VEHICLE.

NOTE: THE EQUIPMENT PRE-OPERATIONAL CHECKLIST SHOULD BE UTILIZED WHENCOMMISSIONING NEW EQUIPMENT, AND FOR RE-COMMISSIONING AFTER AMAJOR REPAIR, OVERHAUL, RECOMMENDED ANNUAL MAINTENANCE, OVER-THE-ROAD TRANSPORTATION, AND IF THE MACHINE HAS BEEN OUT OF SERVICE FORMORE THAN SIX MONTHS.

NOTE: BEFORE STARTING THE UNIT, HAVE THE 8-HOUR (DAILY) CHECK PERFORMED BYTHE OPERATOR. REFER TO PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE IN CHAPTER 2,SECTION 3.

A. PRE-OPERATION CHECKS

The following checks must be performed before operating the vehicle to ensure a reliableoperation.

(1) Follow your supervisor’s instructions, as well as the specific airport instructions andregulations.

(2) Walk around the vehicle and inspect for damage or missing equipment, and report damageand problems found to maintenance personnel to have them repaired or corrected.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 13

October 2015

OPERATION

(3) Look underneath the vehicle for leaks, drips, puddles of coolant, engine oil, etc. If leaksare found, maintenance personnel should be immediately notified. Correctivemaintenance to eliminate problems must be performed before operating the vehicle.

(4) Adjust the operator’s seat for proper distance and comfort.

(5) Adjust mirrors for clear view from the driver’s seat.

B. REFUELING

Refueling the vehicle should be performed carefully and following safety rules.

DANGER

DIESEL FUELS, KEROSENE, HYDRAULIC OIL, LUBRICANTS AND GLYCOLS AREFLAMMABLE. USE EXTREME CAUTION TO PREVENT SPILLS AND AVOID HEAT OR OPENFLAMES. DO NOT OVERFILL THE FUEL TANK WHEN REFUELING. ALWAYS ALLOW ROOMFOR EXPANSION OF FUEL.

NOTE: USE ONLY THE RECOMMENDED FUEL. REFER TO CHAPTER 1, SECTION 4 FORFUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

(1) Turn off ignition switch before refueling the vehicle.

(2) Do not smoke while refueling.

(3) Do not overfill with fuel or otherwise spill it. Allow room for fuel expansion inside the tank.

(4) Avoid open flames.

C. SEAT BELTS

Seat belts are provided in the vehicle. Wear seat belt and ensure passengers are also restrainedwearing seat belts before put the vehicle in motion.

WARNING

DO NOT OPERATE WITH PERSONS IN OR ON THE VEHICLE OTHER THAN SITTING INDESIGNATED SEATS. SEAT BELTS MUST BE USED WHILE THE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION.

D. STARTING AND WARM-UP

CAUTION

DO NOT OPERATE THE ENGINE WITH THE OIL LEVEL BELOW THE ‘MIN’ MARK OR ABOVETHE ‘MAX’ MARK ON THE DIPSTICK.

CAUTION

DO NOT DISCONNECT THE BATTERY OR TURN OFF OPTIONAL BATTERY DISCONNECTSWITCH WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING TO AVOID A VOLTAGE SURGE IN THE ALTERNATORCHARGING SYSTEM.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 14October 2015

NOTE: THE ENGINE STARTER WILL NOT ENGAGE AND THE ENGINE WILL NOT START IFTHE SHIFT LEVER IS NOT IN NEUTRAL.

NOTE: THE ALTERNATOR LIGHT MAY ILLUMINATE DURING START-UP. THE INDICATORLIGHT WILL TURN OFF ONCE THE ENGINE RPM HAS INCREASED ABOVE IDLESPEED.

(1) Disconnect the cable for the optional winterization system, if applicable.

(2) Ensure that the parking brake is applied to prevent vehicle movement. Depress theparking brake foot pedal to apply it.

(3) Ensure transmission shift lever is in “N” (neutral) position.

(4) Turn the ignition switch clockwise from the “OFF” to the “ON” position to energize theelectrical system.

When the system is energized, the dash gauges and indicators will activate momentarily asa system check.

NOTE: WAIT FOR THE “WAIT-TO-START” (PRE-HEAT) INDICATOR LIGHT TO TURN OFFBEFORE TURNING THE IGNITION SWITCH FROM “ON” TO “START”. THE TIME FORTHE LIGHT TO TURN OFF MAY VARY DEPENDING ON AMBIENT START-UPTEMPERATURE.

(5) Turn the ignition switch clockwise from the “ON” to the “START” position to energize thestart motor circuit; release the switch to ON after the engine starts. If the engine fails tostart after a few attempts, shutdown the unit and notify maintenance personnel. Refer tothe engine operation manual in Manufacturers’ Appendices in Chapter 5.

(6) After the engine starts, idle engine for a few minutes and verify that all systems areoperational including lights, wipers, indicators, gauges, brakes, etc.

NOTE: DO NOT OPERATE THE VEHICLE IF ANY OF THE SYSTEMS IS NOT OPERATIONAL.NOTIFY MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL IMMEDIATELY.

(7) With the parking brake applied and shift lever in neutral, accelerate and decelerate theengine to make sure the throttle works correctly.

(8) For initial start-ups, run operate the engine for five to 10 minutes before driving. Allow allsystems to reach normal operating temperatures.

E. DRIVING VEHICLE

Follow these procedures for maneuvering the vehicle:

(1) Test foot brake pedal for travel and firmness.

(2) Turn on lighting systems for operation (headlights, beacons, etc.).

(3) Depress the service brake and hold firmly.

(4) Turn the steering wheel slowly until the wheels are straight-ahead.

(5) Select the desired steering mode on the selector switch, if applicable. Indicator light for thedesired steer mode will be illuminating steady when engaged. If indicator is flashing, movesteering wheel through the center position to engage.

(6) Release the parking brake by pulling the handle to release.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 15

October 2015

OPERATION

NOTE: THE AUDIBLE WARNING ALARM WILL SOUND IF THE TRANSMISSION SHIFTER ISPLACED INTO GEAR WHILE THE PARKING BRAKE IS APPLIED.

(7) Select forward or reverse direction and gear with the transmission shift lever.

(a) Driving Forward - Lift the shift lever out of neutral into forward gear (F1–F4).Shifting into fourth (4th) gear (F4) sets the vehicle in full automatic shifting.

(b) Driving in Reverse - Lift the shift lever out of neutral into reverse gear (R1–R3).

Indicators in the dashboard cluster show the gear and direction of travel selected.

NOTE: DIRECTION OF TRAVEL AND GEAR CAN BE SELECTED WITH THE TRANSMISSIONSHIFTER AND THAT SELECTION WILL BE SHOWN BY INDICATORS IN THEDASHBOARD, BUT IT WILL NOT ENGAGE UNLESS SERVICE BRAKE IS DEPRESSEDAND PARKING BRAKE IS RELEASED.

WARNING

USE THE PROPER GEAR AND SPEED ACCORDING TO THE LOAD OR AIRCRAFT BEINGHANDLED WHEN TOWING OR PUSHING.

(8) Before moving the vehicle, observe that the intended path of the vehicle is clear of people,obstacles, and any safety hazards.

(9) Release the service brake pedal gently, then depress the accelerator pedal smoothly andslowly until desired speed is reached.

NOTE: HARD ACCELERATION IN DIESEL POWERED UNITS WILL RESULT IN EXCESSIVEFUEL CONSUMPTION.

CAUTION

DO NOT ENGAGE PARKING BRAKE WHILE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION. THE VEHICLE MAY BESLOWED DOWN USING THE PARKING BRAKE IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY STOPSITUATION.

NOTE: THE VEHICLE MUST COME TO A COMPLETE STOP BEFORE SHIFTING INTOREVERSE. THE DRIVE-IN-REVERSE ALARM WILL SOUND WHEN THETRANSMISSION SHIFT LEVER IS PLACED INTO A REVERSE GEAR, WARNING THEVEHICLE IS MOVING BACKWARDS.

F. STEERING MODES (OPTIONAL)

WARNING

VEHICLE MAY BE EQUIPPED WITH AN ELECTRONIC FOUR-WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM.CRAB STEER MODE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERS THE HANDLING OF VEHICLE. DO NOTOPERATE VEHICLE IN CRAB STEER MODE WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING.

(1) Steer Control Switch - A rotary switch is provided with the optional four-wheel steeringsystem. This switch is located on the right side of the dashboard panel. Refer to Figure 2.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 16October 2015

WARNING

WHEN RESTARTING THE VEHICLE AFTER A SHUT DOWN, THE STEER MODE WILL BE THELAST ENGAGED MODE, EVEN IF A NEW MODE HAS BEEN SELECTED BEFORE STARTINGTHE ENGINE. THE NEW SELECTED STEER MODE WILL BE ENGAGED ONCE THE FRONTWHEELS ARE STEERED THROUGH THE CENTER AXLE POSITION (STRAIGHT-AHEADALIGNMENT POSITION).

(2) Electronic Steering Controller - This controller keeps the rear steering axle properly alignedwith the front steering axle, depending on the mode selected. The system allows theoperator to shift steering modes while driving (“shift on the fly”). The steering mode changewill take effect when the front wheels are back through the center axle position.

(3) Crab Steer Mode (Optional with four-wheel steer option)

You can lose control in crab steer mode when parking, returning steering wheel to straightdirection, making sharp turns, or steering incorrectly as vehicle moves diagonally. Thevehicle will stay in first or second gear while in crab steer mode.

WARNING

DO NOT DRIVE THE VEHICLE ABOVE 8 KM/H (5 MPH) WHILE IN CRAB STEER MODE. HIGHERSPEEDS MAY CAUSE LOSS OF CONTROL.

(4) Vehicle wheels must be straight-ahead before the steering system recognizes a newlyselected steer mode (changing from the current steer mode to a different steer mode).

Figure 8STEERING MODES

Steering modes can be selected while the vehicle is moving, but in most cases the changein steer mode will not take effect until the front wheels are steered back through center axleposition.

NOTE: TO SELECT CRAB STEER MODE THE VEHICLE MUST BE FULLY STOPPED.

FRONT WHEELSTEER MODE

COORDINATED STEER MODE

CRABSTEER MODEPro

perty

of A

mer

ican

Airline

s

1-2Page 17

October 2015

OPERATION

TABLE 1 - STEER MODE CHANGES AND CONDITIONS

Mode Change / Conditions Steer Mode Lights*

2WS to 4WS Coordinated 2WS Coord. Crab

Speed below 10 km/h (6 mph), front axle centered[speed will be limited to third (3rd) gear]

OFF ON ---

If conditions not met Flashing OFF ---

If speed above 11 km/h (7 mph) and rear axle centered, it reverts to 2WS mode (Auto-correct option ONLY)

ON OFF ---

Mode will return automatically to 4WS Coordinated when the speed drops below 10 km/h (6 mph) and the front axle is centered (Auto-correct option ONLY).

OFF ON ---

4WS Coordinated to 2WS 2WS Coord.

Steer slowly until front and rear wheels are straight ahead[no speed gear limitation in 2WS mode]

ON OFF ---

If conditions not met OFF Flashing ---

2WS to 4WS Crab 2WS Coord. Crab

Speed at 0 km/h (0 mph), front axle centered[speed will be limited to second (2nd) gear, alarm will sound]

OFF --- ON

Failure or conditions not met Flashing --- OFF

4WS Crab to 2WS 2WS Coord. Crab

Speed at 0 km/h (0 mph), rear axle centered (steer slowly until rear wheels are straight ahead)[no speed gear limitation in 2WS]

ON --- OFF

If conditions not met OFF --- Flashing

4WS Coordinated to 4WS Crab 2WS Coord. Crab

Speed close to 0 km/h (0 mph), front and rear axle centered (steer slowly until rear wheels are straight ahead)[speed will be limited to second (2nd) gear, alarm will sound]

--- OFF ON

If conditions not met --- Flashing OFF

NOTE: If the tractor does not switch, the front and rear axles may not synchronized, and it may benecessary to switch into 2WS to lock the rear axle before selecting crab mode.

4WS Crab to 4WS Coordinated 2WS Coord. Crab

Steer until rear wheels are straight ahead[speed will be limited to third (3rd) gear]

--- ON OFF

If conditions not met --- OFF Flashing

*Indicator lights will flash only if conditions are not met.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 18October 2015

NOTE: TO PROPER SHIFTING INTO CRAB STEER MODE, STEER THE WHEELS SLOWLYTHROUGH CENTER, WHICH WILL HELP KEEP THE FRONT AND REAR AXLESSYNCHRONIZED. OTHERWISE, ERRATIC MOVEMENTS IN CRAB MODE MAYHAPPEN.

Due to the axle steering geometry, the front and rear tires will not produce exact diagonalmovement. Tires may end at a greater angle in one mode than another.

When restarting the vehicle after a shut down, the steer mode will be the last engagedmode, even if a new mode has been selected before starting the engine. The new selectedsteer mode will be engaged once the front wheels are steered through the center axleposition (straight-ahead alignment position). The active engaged steer mode indicator willilluminate steady, and the new selected steer mode indicator will illuminate intermittently.

(5) Any detected failure of the steering system will result in illumination of a warning red lighton the center console. If this happens, stop and shut down the vehicle and notifymaintenance personnel immediately to correct the malfunction.

(6) Four-wheel Steering Out of Sync

In cases when the rear wheels do not align with the front wheels, a fault will be triggered.

Fault 028 when in 2WS mode means the rear axle is not centered, sending a fault code tothe instrument cluster warning to recalibrate the 4WS.

Step 1. Slow down and select 4WS in coordinate mode. The 2WS indicator light will illuminate intermittently.

Step 2. Drive vehicle below 10 km/h (6 mph) and steer slowly, first to the right then to the left, until the 4WS indicator light is steady ON.

Step 3. Select 2WS and steer until 2WS light is steady ON.

Figure 9FAULT 028 - 4WS OUT OF SYNC CORRECTION

(7) Auto-correction Feature (Optional with four-wheel steer option)

This feature requires no operator interaction except for turning the steering wheel slowlywhile at a slow speed.

F-028< 10 km/h(< 6 mph)

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-2Page 19

October 2015

OPERATION

When the rear axle is not centered while in 2WS mode, the system will request 4WScoordinate mode and be enabled according to previous interlocks. When the rear axle isturned and centered, the vehicle is placed back into 2WS mode automatically.

G. STOPPING THE VEHICLE

(1) Decrease speed by removing your foot from the accelerator pedal.

(2) Use moderate pressure on the brake pedal and gradually bring the vehicle to a completestop.

(3) With the tractor completely stopped, place transmission shift lever in “N” (neutral).

(4) Depress the foot-pedal to apply the parking brake.

(5) Release service brake. Allow the engine to idle.

H. PUSHING AND TOWING OPERATIONS

NOTE: EACH AIRLINE HAS ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES FOR PUSHING AND TOWINGAIRCRAFT. ALL OPERATORS SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THOSE PROCEDURESBEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE AROUND ANY AIRCRAFT.

(1) Ensure the load being pushed or towed does not exceed the operational capability of thevehicle.

Tractive effort calculations may be needed according to the load to tow or push, andweather and surface conditions. Refer to operational charts and aircraft compatibilitycharts.

(2) Follow the correct operational procedures as stated within this section.

(3) Use wheel chocks as indicated by the local safety rules before connecting or disconnectingthe load.

(4) Use headset for communications as required.

(5) Check the load before pushing or towing, and ensure the coupling device is properlyattached and secured. Verify the coupler pins are properly engaged.

When attaching or detaching the coupling device, always apply the vehicle’s parkingbrake. Whenever the operator leaves the vehicle, the ignition switch should be in the“OFF” position.

(6) Use extreme caution when maneuvering the vehicle loaded around congested areaswhere other equipment can cross over the same travel path or when passing through blindspots. The operator should be alert for other personnel and equipment.

(7) Carefully observe for preventing protrusions such as aircraft wings from entering spacethat lacks the proper clearance.

(8) Allow enough time and distance when braking a loaded vehicle; the additional weight willrequire a longer distance before coming to a complete stop.

I. PARKING THE VEHICLE

(1) Stop the vehicle at the designated place.

(2) Set the transmission lever in neutral.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 20October 2015

(3) Apply the parking brake.

(4) Turn off lights, beacons and work lights if applicable, and all accessories.

(5) Proceed with shut down.

J. SHUT DOWN VEHICLE

(1) When shutting down the engine, always allow it to idle for at least two minutes to stabilizeand cool the engine temperature.

NOTE: AFTER A FULL-LOAD OPERATION, ALLOW THE ENGINE TO IDLE FOR THREE TOFIVE MINUTES BEFORE TURNING IT OFF TO AVOID PREMATURE DAMAGE TO THEENGINE.

(2) Turn the ignition switch to the “OFF” position to shut off the vehicle and any other lights oraccessories that are still operating. DO NOT USE EMERGENCY STOP (E-STOP)BUTTON TO SHUT DOWN THE VEHICLE.

(3) Chock wheels if necessary.

(4) Wait for two more minutes before disconnecting battery, or setting battery cut-off switch toOFF (if applicable).

NOTE: NEXT TIME THE ENGINE IS STARTED MIGHT GIVE AN ERROR IF NOT ENOUGH TIMEIS ALLOWED AFTER TURNING IGNITION OFF.

(5) Winterization (Optional) - Connect the winterization cable to the designated electricalpower outlet, if applicable.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-3Page 1

October 2015

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Section 3. Emergency Procedures

1. GENERAL

WARNING

ONLY APPLY E-STOP TO DISABLE THE VEHICLE IN CASE OF EMERGENCY. PRESSING THEEMERGENCY STOP PUSH-BUTTON WILL COMPLETELY SHUTDOWN THE VEHICLE.

Emergency procedures in this section describe the necessary steps to follow, in case of mechanicalbreakdown or equipment malfunctions.

An Emergency Override Switch allows the operator to override non-critical shutdowns, allowing theoperator to move the machine to a safe location before calling maintenance personnel. Refer toOperation in Chapter 1, Section 2.

NOTE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO COMPLETELY READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS EMERGENCYPROCEDURES SECTION BEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE.

2. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

WARNING

BEFORE TOWING, ATTACH TOW VEHICLE WITH TOW BAR OR CHOCK WHEELS BEFOREDISENGAGING PARK BRAKE.

WARNING

TOW VEHICLE MUST BE CAPABLE OF STOPPING BOTH VEHICLES. DISABLED VEHICLEWILL HAVE A LIMITED NUMBER OF BRAKE APPLICATIONS.

A. TOWING VEHICLE WITH ENGINE OPERATIONAL

(1) Attach towing bar between disabled tractor and towing vehicle.

(2) Depress service brake and shift transmission lever to neutral.

(3) Release parking brake.

(4) Release service brake.

(5) Tow the disabled vehicle slowly. Steering must be done on the disabled vehicle to followthe towing vehicle.

NOTE: TOWING SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 5 KM/H (3 MPH) FOR A DISTANCE NO MORETHAN 30 M (100 FT.).

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-3Page 2October 2015

(6) Once tow destination is reached, engage parking brake or chock wheels, and shutdown thevehicle.

B. TOWING VEHICLE WITH ENGINE INOPERATIVE

(1) Towing Option - Lifting Rear of Vehicle

(a) Use towing vehicle capable of lifting the rear axle off the ground from either the tiresor the lifting lugs.

CAUTION

DO NOT LIFT THE VEHICLE FROM HITCH COUPLERS.

(b) Shift transmission lever to neutral.

(c) Release parking brake.

(d) Release service brake.

(e) Tow the disabled vehicle slowly. Steering must be done to follow the towing vehicle.

(f) Once tow destination is reached, engage parking brake or chock wheels to securethe vehicle.

(2) Towing Option - Disconnect Rear Drive Shaft

(a) Chock wheels.

(b) Release parking brake.

(c) Disconnect rear drive shaft.

(d) Attach towing bar between disabled tractor and towing vehicle.

(e) Remove wheel chocks.

(f) Release service brake.

(g) Tow the disabled vehicle slowly. Steering must be done to follow the towing vehicle.

(h) Once tow destination is reached, engage parking brake or chock wheels toimmobilize the vehicle.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

1-3Page 3

October 2015

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3. VEHICLE JACKING REQUIREMENTS

A. JACK CAPACITY

• Minimum working capacity (each axle) . . . . . . . 10 900 kg (24 000 lb. [12 ton])

B. MAINTENANCE STANDS CAPACITY

• Minimum number of stands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four (2 front, 2 rear)

• Minimum working capacity (each). . . . . . . . . . . 10 900 kg (24 000 lb. [12 ton])

C. JACK AND MAINTENANCE STANDS SUPPORT SURFACE

• Reinforced concrete surface (required) . . . . . . 24 MPa (3500 psi) minimum

NOTE: SOME CONCRETE AND MOST ASPHALT SURFACES MAY NOT COMPLY WITH THEMINIMUM RESISTANCE REQUIRED. INCREASING SUPPORT PAD AREA OF JACKSAND MAINTENANCE STANDS CAN REDUCE THE STRESS ON THE GROUNDSUPPORT SURFACE.

NOTE: ENSURE THE SUPPORT SURFACE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO WITHSTAND THESTRESS EXERTED BY THE VEHICLE WEIGHT, TRANSFERED THROUGH THE JACKSAND MAINTENANCE STANDS.

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Prope

rty o

f Am

erica

n Airli

nes