properties of solutions chapter 11parts by mass: concentration is the ratio of the mass of the...
TRANSCRIPT
Properties of Solutions
Chapter 11
Solution: A homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
Solvent: The liquid
Solute: The solid
Aqueous Solutions: Composed of:
a) Gas and liquidb) 2 liquidsc) Gas as a solute
Entropy: the measure of energy randomization or energy dispersal in a system.
Miscible: The mixture of two liquid substances.
Dynamic Equilibrium: When the rate of dissolution and recrystallization become equal.
Saturated Solutions: Solutions in which the dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with the undissolved solute.
Unsaturated: A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount of solute.
Supersaturated: unstable, containing more than the equilibrium.
Parts by mass: concentration is the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, multiplies by the multiplication factor.
Percent by mass: mass of solute divided by the mass of the solution times 100.
Parts per billion: the multiplication factor is 109
Parts per Million: the multiplication factor is 106
Molarity: Moles per liter
Mass Percent: percent by mass of the solute in solution.
Mole Fraction: the ratio of moles of a give component to the total number of moles of solution.
Molality: Moles per kilogram of solvent
Normality: measure of concentration that is equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution.
- Gram equivalent weight is a measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule.
Colligative Properties: Properties that depend only on the number of the solute particles in an ideal solution.
Ex: Freezing Point, boiling point, osmotic pressure.
Tyndall Effect: scattering of light by particles.
Colloid: suspension of tiny particles through a medium.
Osmosis: the flow of solvent from a solution of lower solute to one of higher solute concentration.
Semi-permeable membrane: a membrane that selectively allows some substances to pass through but not others.
Osmotic Pressure: The pressure required to stop the osmotic flow.