Properties of Matter

ObjectivesHow can properties used to

describe matter be classified?Why do all samples of a substance

have the same intensive properties?

What are three states of matter?How can physical changes be

classified?

Important Vocabulary

MassVolumeExtensive

propertyIntensive

propertySubstancePhysical property

SolidLiquidGasVaporPhysical change

Describing MatterBegins with observationProperties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive

Extensive PropertiesAre properties that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Extensive properties include: mass & volume

Intensive PropertiesAre properties that depends on the type of matter in a sample

Intensive properties include: hardness, melting point, boiling point and color

MassIs the amount of matter

within an objectMass is usually measured in

grams or kilogramsWe use balances to measure

mass

WeightIs not the same thing as massWeight is the measure of the

gravitational force upon an objectWeight can change with location,

whereas mass cannotIt is measured in NewtonsWeight is proportional to an

object’s mass

VolumeIs the space an object occupies

The method of finding the volume of an object varies

How do we find the volume of a lab table?

How about a bottle of water?What if the object is a gas?

Identifying SubstancesSubstances are matter with

uniform and definite compositions

Elements like gold and copper are pure substances

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

Physical PropertiesAre properties of a substance that can

be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance

Examples of physical properties:◦State◦Melting point◦Boiling point◦Density◦Color◦Hardness◦Conductivity◦Malleability

Physical States of MatterAll matter is made of particlesThe type and arrangement of the

particles within the matter determine its state

Matter usually exists in 1 of 3 states of matter◦Solid◦Liquid◦Gas

What is the 4th state of matter & where is it found?

Microscopic Views

Properties of the Physical StatesSolids: have fixed volume and shape, rigid

structure, incompressible, and vibrate slightly

Liquids: have fixed volume but not shape, has the ability to flow, almost incompressible, and takes the shape of its container

Gases: have neither fixed volume nor shape, particles are spaced out, compressible, and will fill any container they occupy◦Vapor describes the gaseous state of a normally

solid or liquid at room temperature

Physical ChangesAre changes in which the

identity of the substances doesn’t change

However, the arrangement, location, and speed of the particles within the substance may change

Examples?

Mini Lab TomorrowRead p.22