Properties of matter

• Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma.

Include: density, compressibility, diffusion

Additional KEY Terms

Homogeneous HeterogeneousPhysical properties Chemical propertiesExothermic Endothermic

Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or

volume.

Pure substanceParticles that make up a substance are all the same.

Mixture Substance contains more than one kind of particle.

ElementsSimplest form of matter; an atom is the smallest particle of an element.

CompoundsForm of matter containing two or more elements chemically bonded together.

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

Heterogeneous mixture - particles in are not evenly distributed and are often distinguishable.

Homogeneous mixture - particles of a are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

Matter has two properties:

Physical properties: can be observed or tested without changing the composition of the substance.

ColourShiny or dullBrittle or malleableDensity Phase (state)Conductivity - heat or currentSolubilityViscosity

Chemical properties - observation or testing changes the composition of the substance.

FlammableOxidize (rust or tarnish)React with an acid

H

O

HNa

2 H2O (l) + 2 Na (s) 2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g)

A physical change involves a change in shape or a change in state of a substance.

H

H

O

H

H

O

H

H O

A chemical change is when new substances with new properties are formed - chemical reaction.

There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction:

1. A change in colour2. A change in smell (odor)

3. Fizzing or bubbling (releasing gas)

4. A change in energy

a. The container feels warmer, heat is released. We call this an exothermic change.

(exo = out, therm = heat)

b. The container feels cooler, heat is absorbed.

We call this an endothermic change. (endo = in, therm = heat)

5. When two clear liquids are mixed, a solid forms or the mixture goes cloudy.

This is called precipitate formation.

Diffusion - how easily one substance is able to move through another.

Must be little interaction between particles and space for the particles to move.

Substances diffuse most easily through gases > liquids > solids

Plasma - a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons.

About 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma.(but it is rare on Earth)

Examples - aurora borealis, stars and lightning bolts.

The transition from one state to another requires a change in energy.

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?

• Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma.

Include: density, compressibility, diffusion

Additional KEY Terms

Homogeneous HeterogeneousPhysical properties Chemical propertiesExothermic Endothermic