Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

Anything in red type or on a red slide, you do not need to put into your notes. Everything

else, you are expected to put into your notes.

Pre-Assessment QuestionsPre-Assessment Questions

What is matter?What is matter? Can you give an example of matter?Can you give an example of matter? Are mass and volume the same Are mass and volume the same

thing?thing? What is density?What is density?

Matter – anything Matter – anything that takes up that takes up space and has space and has massmass

Which of these are matter?Which of these are matter?

YouYou TableTable DogDog PopPop

WaterWater AirAir Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide LightLight

Everything in the Everything in the universe is either universe is either MATTER or ENERGY.MATTER or ENERGY.

Matter has physical properties.Matter has physical properties.

Physical properties – characteristics Physical properties – characteristics that can be used to identify and that can be used to identify and describe materials. Any property describe materials. Any property that can be observed or measured is that can be observed or measured is a physical property.a physical property.

Examples include: color, shape, Examples include: color, shape, brittleness, density, length, width, brittleness, density, length, width, height, mass, and volume.height, mass, and volume.

Science uses the Science uses the metric system to metric system to

measure.measure.

Measuring MassMeasuring Mass

Mass is the amount of matter Mass is the amount of matter (number of atoms) in an object.(number of atoms) in an object.

Mass does NOT change unless you Mass does NOT change unless you add or subtract matter.add or subtract matter.

In this demonstration, how could I In this demonstration, how could I change the mass of the water?change the mass of the water?

We measure mass with a We measure mass with a balance scale.balance scale.

Steps in using a triple-Steps in using a triple-beam balance:beam balance:

1.1. Carry the scale carefully Carry the scale carefully using both hands. using both hands. (They (They cost about $100 each, so cost about $100 each, so please treat them nicely.)please treat them nicely.)

2.2. Zero the scale - first move Zero the scale - first move all the masses to the zero all the masses to the zero position, see if the line is at position, see if the line is at zero. If not, gently turn the zero. If not, gently turn the knob at the end and allow knob at the end and allow it to balance. Repeat until it to balance. Repeat until the line is at zero.the line is at zero.

3.3. Put the object on the pan.Put the object on the pan.

4.4. Move the masses until the Move the masses until the lines are lined up.lines are lined up.

5.5. Record the total mass.Record the total mass.

Practice using the triple beam Practice using the triple beam balance scales.balance scales.

Get a partner and one scale for both of Get a partner and one scale for both of you to use.you to use.

Zero the scale.Zero the scale. Take turns measure the masses of Take turns measure the masses of

objects such as a pen or pencil, a objects such as a pen or pencil, a planner, a ruler, a glue stick, or other planner, a ruler, a glue stick, or other reasonably small object.reasonably small object.

When you are both confident in using When you are both confident in using the scale, call your teacher over to test the scale, call your teacher over to test you.you.

Mass is measured in Mass is measured in grams.grams.

1000 grams = ____ 1000 grams = ____ kilogramkilogram

1 gram = ____ milligrams1 gram = ____ milligrams

Measuring VolumeMeasuring Volume

Volume is the amount of Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.space an object occupies.

Solids and liquids have a Solids and liquids have a definite volume – that definite volume – that means you can’t change it means you can’t change it without adding or without adding or subtracting matter.subtracting matter.

Gases can compress or Gases can compress or expand to the size of their expand to the size of their container, so their volume container, so their volume can change; it’s NOT definite.can change; it’s NOT definite.

Watch the demonstration. Watch the demonstration. Which type of matter can be Which type of matter can be squeezed into a smaller squeezed into a smaller space?space?

We measure the volume of We measure the volume of liquids with a graduated liquids with a graduated

cylinder.cylinder.

Graduated cylinders are Graduated cylinders are made of glass and will made of glass and will break if dropped. Please break if dropped. Please be careful with them!!be careful with them!!

Steps in using a Steps in using a graduated cylinder:graduated cylinder:

1.1.Put the liquid in it.Put the liquid in it.

2.2.Place it on a flat surface.Place it on a flat surface.

3.3. Get down to read it at Get down to read it at eye level.eye level.

4.4. Read it at the bottom of Read it at the bottom of the smile (meniscus).the smile (meniscus).

Practice using the graduated Practice using the graduated cylindercylinder

With a partner, get a graduated With a partner, get a graduated cylinder.cylinder.

Try to get exactly 50 ml of water in Try to get exactly 50 ml of water in it.it.

Have your partner check you.Have your partner check you. Repeat for different amounts until Repeat for different amounts until

both of you are confident in using it.both of you are confident in using it. Call your teacher over to quiz you.Call your teacher over to quiz you.

Volume is measured in Volume is measured in liters.liters.

1000 liters = ____ kiloliter1000 liters = ____ kiloliter 1 liter = ____ milliliters1 liter = ____ milliliters

We measure volume of a We measure volume of a regular solid by using math.regular solid by using math.

To find the volume of a To find the volume of a box you multiply length box you multiply length times width times height.times width times height.

V = l x w x hV = l x w x h

Example:Example: A box has a length of 10 cm, a A box has a length of 10 cm, a

width of 5 cm and a height of width of 5 cm and a height of 2 cm. Find volume.2 cm. Find volume.

V = l x w x hV = l x w x h V = 10 cm x 5 cm x 2 cmV = 10 cm x 5 cm x 2 cm V = 100 cmV = 100 cm33

cm times cm times cm = cmcm times cm times cm = cm33

Time to try finding volume in a Time to try finding volume in a mini lab!mini lab!

Get a partner and find the volume of Get a partner and find the volume of at least 2 of the boxes in lab.at least 2 of the boxes in lab.

Write down each measurement and Write down each measurement and your final answer.your final answer.

The Box Volume LabThe Box Volume Lab

Get the lab sheet and follow the Get the lab sheet and follow the instructions carefully!instructions carefully!

Link to the lab sheet!Link to the lab sheet!

We find volume of an irregular solid We find volume of an irregular solid using the submersion method:using the submersion method:

An example of an irregular solid is a An example of an irregular solid is a rock.rock.

To find its volume: To find its volume: 1.1. Put water into a container such as a Put water into a container such as a

graduated cylinder.graduated cylinder.2.2. Note how much water there is.Note how much water there is.3.3. Put the object in and the water rises.Put the object in and the water rises.4.4. Note how much the water rose and Note how much the water rose and

that’s the volume.that’s the volume.

Why does this work?Why does this work?

Since volume is the amount of space Since volume is the amount of space an object takes up, when you put an an object takes up, when you put an object in water it displaces the water. object in water it displaces the water. This means that the water still takes This means that the water still takes up the same amount of space for up the same amount of space for itself plus the amount of the object, itself plus the amount of the object, so the water rises the amount of the so the water rises the amount of the volume of the object.volume of the object.

Time for you to try in lab.Time for you to try in lab.

With a partner find the volume of one With a partner find the volume of one or two of the irregular objects.or two of the irregular objects.

Call your teacher over when you are Call your teacher over when you are confident you know what you are confident you know what you are doing.doing.

Okay, now that you understand mass and volume, let’s put them together.

Which weighs more – a pound of Which weighs more – a pound of feathers or a pound of lead?feathers or a pound of lead?

Actually, they weigh the same. But Actually, they weigh the same. But which takes up more space?which takes up more space?

DensityDensity

Density is a measure of how closely Density is a measure of how closely packed the atoms are in a substance.packed the atoms are in a substance.

density = mass divided by volumedensity = mass divided by volume d = m/v d = m/v

An example:An example:

An object has a mass of 30 grams An object has a mass of 30 grams and a volume of 6 milliliters. What is and a volume of 6 milliliters. What is its density?its density?

m= 30 gm= 30 g v= 6 mlv= 6 ml d=m/vd=m/v d= 30g/6mld= 30g/6ml d=5 g/mld=5 g/ml

You try a couple density problems!You try a couple density problems!

1.1. mass=100 mass=100 grams, grams, volume=20 mlvolume=20 ml

2.2. mass=7 grams, mass=7 grams, volume=14 mlvolume=14 ml

3.3. mass=40 grams, mass=40 grams, volume=5 mlvolume=5 ml

Answers:Answers:

1.1. 5 g/ml5 g/ml

2.2. .5 g/ml.5 g/ml

3.3. 8 g/ml8 g/ml

Time for a lab!Time for a lab!Density Lab 1Density Lab 1

Get a partner.Get a partner.

Open a new spreadsheet and Open a new spreadsheet and write down the question. write down the question.

Question: How do you think Question: How do you think we could find out the density of we could find out the density of water?water?

Next do background research, and Next do background research, and a hypothesis. a hypothesis.

Then we will discuss your ideas Then we will discuss your ideas about how to do this lab.about how to do this lab.

And then everyone can do the lab And then everyone can do the lab after we agree on the after we agree on the experimental procedure.experimental procedure.

Density QuizDensity Quiz

1.1. What is the equation for density?What is the equation for density?2.2. I have two cube shaped objects that I have two cube shaped objects that

have identical volumes. Cube A has have identical volumes. Cube A has a mass of 100 grams and cube B a mass of 100 grams and cube B has a mass of 70 grams. Which has a mass of 70 grams. Which cube has a higher density?cube has a higher density?

3.3. A box has a mass of 20 grams and a A box has a mass of 20 grams and a volume of 5 cmvolume of 5 cm33. What is its density . What is its density with units?with units?

4.4. A sample of liquid has a volume of 7 A sample of liquid has a volume of 7 ml and a mass of 35 grams. What is ml and a mass of 35 grams. What is its density?its density?

5.5. I have a liquid of unknown density. I have a liquid of unknown density. What two pieces of lab equipment What two pieces of lab equipment would I use to find density?would I use to find density?

6.6. I have a box of unknown density. I have a box of unknown density. What two pieces of lab equipment What two pieces of lab equipment would I use to find density?would I use to find density?

7.7. I have an oddly shaped rock of I have an oddly shaped rock of unknown density. What two pieces unknown density. What two pieces of lab equipment would I use to find of lab equipment would I use to find density?density?

Quiz AnswersQuiz Answers

1.1. d=m/vd=m/v2.2. Cube ACube A3.3. 4 g/cm4 g/cm33

4.4. 5 g/ml5 g/ml5.5. Graduated cylinder and balance Graduated cylinder and balance

scalescale6.6. Ruler and balance scaleRuler and balance scale7.7. Graduated cylinder and balance Graduated cylinder and balance

scale (and maybe a beaker)scale (and maybe a beaker)

Density Lab 2Density Lab 2

Open a new spreadsheet and Open a new spreadsheet and type in the problem: Rank the type in the problem: Rank the five objects in order of increasing five objects in order of increasing density.density.

For background research give For background research give the definitions for mass, volume, the definitions for mass, volume, and density and the equation for and density and the equation for density density

For your hypothesis pick up and For your hypothesis pick up and look at each of the objects and look at each of the objects and make your best educated guess make your best educated guess in ranking them from lowest to in ranking them from lowest to highest density.highest density.

Next, decide how you will find Next, decide how you will find out if your hypothesis is correct out if your hypothesis is correct and write down the steps of your and write down the steps of your experimental procedure.experimental procedure.

Make a data table in the Make a data table in the spreadsheet for your results. The spreadsheet for your results. The table should have columns for table should have columns for object, mass, volume, density, and object, mass, volume, density, and rank.rank.

Do the experiment and fill in the Do the experiment and fill in the results in your table.results in your table.

For your conclusion list the objects For your conclusion list the objects in order of increasing density.in order of increasing density.

To verify ask another group that To verify ask another group that used the same objects if your used the same objects if your results agree with yours.results agree with yours.