Properties of Matter and Mixtures Chapter 2.1 and 2.2 Dr. Yager Objectives Properties of Matter Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive Define and list physical propertiesDefine and list physical properties Three states of matterThree states of matter Describe physical changeDescribe physical change Mixtures Substance vs. MixtureSubstance vs. Mixture Homogeneous vs. HeterogeneousHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous How Mixtures are separatedHow Mixtures are separated Extensive vs. Intensive An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. mass is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. volume is a measure of the space occupied by the object. An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample. hardness diamond vs. marshmallows color red vs. turquoise heat conductivity, electrical resistivity, density Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance. Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition. Examples: Hardness Color Conductivity Malleability (sheets) Ductility (wires) State (solid, liquid or gas) Three States of Matter (actually 4) Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume Hard to Compress Liquid Indefinite Shape (Flows) Definite Volume Hard to Compress Gas Indefinite Shape (shape of the container) (shape of the container) Indefinite Volume (volume of the container) (volume of the container) Easy to Compress Physical Change Some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. As gallium melts in a persons hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change. Types of Physical Change Reversible: All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible (can return). Irreversible: Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes (cannot return). 1.Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? a) temperature b) color c) mass d) hardness 1.Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? a) temperature b) color c) mass d) hardness 2.Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? a)all properties of a substance b)intensive properties c)chemical properties d)physical properties 2.Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? a)all properties of a substance b)intensive properties c)chemical properties d)physical properties 3.Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: (1) takes the volume and shape of its container (2) has a definite shape and volume (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape a)(1) liquid, (2) solid, and (3) gas b)(1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid c)(1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid 3.Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: (1) takes the volume and shape of its container (2) has a definite shape and volume (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape a)(1) liquid, (2) solid, and (3) gas b)(1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid c)(1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid Pure Substances A pure substance is a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. A pure substance is a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. Pure substances include: elements (single atoms or molecules, ie H 2 or O 2 ) compounds (ie CO 2, H 2 O) Mixtures A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components. A salad bar provides a range of items. Customers choose how much of each item to use in their salads. Each salad has a different composition. Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout is a heterogeneous mixture. A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout is a homogeneous mixture. Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution.Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution. Separating Mixtures Physical, not chemical properties are used to separate mixtures. Physical, not chemical properties are used to separate mixtures. Examples: Examples: Filtration Filtration Distillation Distillation Chromatography Chromatography Filtration The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture is called filtration. A colander is used to separate pasta from the water in which it was cooked. This process is a type of filtration. A colander is used to separate pasta from the water in which it was cooked. This process is a type of filtration. Distillation During distillation, a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then cooled (condensed) into a liquid. 1.Which of the following phrases describes a mixture? a)composition varies b)composition may vary c)components cannot be separated 1.Which of the following phrases describes a mixture? a)composition varies b)composition may vary c)components cannot be separated 2.Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a)vinegar b)iron filings in sand c)chicken noodle soup d)muddy water 2.Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a)vinegar b)iron filings in sand c)chicken noodle soup d)muddy water 3.Which technique is used to separate homogeneous mixtures? a)filtration b)distillation c)magnetism d)dissolving 3.Which technique is used to separate homogeneous mixtures? a)filtration b)distillation c)magnetism d)dissolving fini